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! The Epidemiology of PCBa William R. Gaffay, Ph.D. Auguat 27, 1981 HONS 019383 Tabla 1 FCB rplrt--lology stadias (othar titan aortality) and Sunnary of rliwllfttp* Daraatologic Physiological Sy^itona Findings Paranatars and Illnass Othar Alvaroa at al (27) Y Bakar at al (11] |im-- at al [12] Y Plaathain at al (23) Y YY Bars at al (13,14) lY anil r at al (IS] YY laooa at al (14] Y Yimisir, Kolho (17] Ritamra at al (IB] YH EraIsa at al (10) Y Narani at al (24) YY algo at al (3) YY Michigan Dapt of roblic Baalth (9) M Osn at al (20) Y nlth at al (21) YY loath Carolina Dapt. of Baalth and Bsrlroonatal Control (22) arahaa at al (24) YY Y Findings asaoclatad with aapoaura N Ba findings asaoclatad with oapoaora a antzy * Mo data prasantad HONS 019384 Table 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTABLISHING CARCINOGENICITY FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Positive associations in groups of individuals with known exposure (case-control or cohort studies). That are not explained by bias in recording or detection. That are not explained by confounding. That are not explained by chance. HONS 019385 Table 3 Inconsistencies in Studies of Cancer in PCB Exposed Populations, with Findings Study No. Studied Findings Bahn et al [29,30] Zack, Musch [31] Brown, Jones [32] Bertazsi et al [33] 92 89 2,567 1,310 Melanoma** Lung Liver Rectum Digestive* Lymphatic and hematopoietic * Significant at 5 percent level ** Significant at 1 percent level HONS 019386 Reference* 1. Von Wedel. H et el. Observation* on the toxic effects resulting from exposures to chlorinated naphthalene and chlorinated phenyls with suggestions for prevention. Rubber Age 54:419, 1943 2. Schwartz, L. Dermatitis from synthetic resins and waxes. AJFH 26:586, 1936 3. Meigs, jw et al. chloracne from an unusual*'exposure to Arachlor. JAMA 154:1417, 1954 4. Kuratsune, M et al. Epideaiiology study on Yusho. Environ Health Persp 1:119, 1972 5. Urabe, H et al. Present State of Yusho Patients. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 320; 273, 1979 6. Funatso, I et al. Folychlorobiphenyls (PCB) induced feto pathy I. Clinical observation (abstract no. 72-2360) Kuruiae M.J. 19:43, 1972 7. Higuchi, K (ed.) PCB Poisoning and Pollution. Acadeaic Press, NY 1976 8. Nagayaaa et al. Determination of chlorinated dibenzofurans in Kanechlors and "Yusho oil". Bull. Envir. Contamination and Tox. 15:9, 1976 9. Michigan Department of Public Health. Final Report on FDA Contract 223-73-2209. Evaluation of Changes in the Level of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Human Tissue, 1975 10. Kreiss, K et al. Association of Blood Pressure and Poly chlorinated Biphenyl Levels. JAMA 245, 2505, 1981 11. Baker, E et al. Metabolic consequences of exposure to poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in sewage sludge. Aawr. J. Epid. 112:553, 1980 12. Bumgarner, JE et al. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in refuse worker*. Research Triangle Park, NC, USDHEW, PHS, NIEHS, June 1973, 10 pp. (as reported in NIOSH criteria document) 13. Hara, 1 et al. Follow-up study of condenser factory after use of PCB discontinued. Part I. Jap. J. Ind. Health 16:365, 1974 14. Kara, 1 et al. Follow-up study of condenser factory after use of PCB discontinued. Part III. Jap. J. ind. Health 17:371, 1975 HONS 019387 15. Hasegawa, a at al. Report on aurvey of work area environ ment where PCB ia handled and of the health of workera handling PCB. Special report on prevention of environmental pollution by PCB-like aubatances. Japan, Reaearch Coordin ation Bureau, Science and Technology Agency, 1972, pp. 141 99 16. Inoue, Y et al. Discovery of PCB pollution in a textile factory I. PCB in blood serum of laborers and reaults of physical examination. Jap. J. Pub. Health 22:461, 1975 17. Karppanen, E et al. The concentration of PCB in human blood and adipose tissue in three different research groups: PCB Conference II. Stockholm, 1972 National Swedish Environmental Protection Board (Pub. 1973; 4E) pp. 124-126 18. Kitamura, M et al. PCB in blood of workers employed in an electrical parta manufacturing plant. Jap. J. Ind. Health 15:539, 1973 19. Maroni, M et al. occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical workers. I. Environmental and blood polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 38:49, 1981 20. Ouw, HK et al. Use and health effects of arochlor 1242, a polychlorinated biphenyl, in an electrical industry. Arch. Environ. Health 31:189, 1976 21. Smith, AB et al. Metabolic and health consequences of occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Submitted for publication 22. S.C. DHEC study of Pickins SC plant of Sangamo Capacitor Division (news report) Jan. 1978 23. Fischbein, et al. Clinical findings among pcb exposed capacitor manufacturing workers. Ann. NYAS 320:203, 1979 24. Maroni, M et al. Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls II. Health effects Brit. J. Ind. Med. 38:55, 1981 25. National Center for Health Statistics. Skin Conditions and Related Need for Medical Care Among Parsons 1-74 years, U.S. 1971-1974. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1660 26. Warshaw et al. Decrease in vital capacity in PCB-exposed workers in a capacitor manufacturing facility. Ann. nyas 320:277, 1979 27. Alvares, AP et al. Alterations in drug metabolism in MONS 019388 worker* exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl*. Clin. Phare, and Ther. 22i140, 1977 28. Doll, Richard. Relevance of epidemiology to policies for the prevention of cancer, Gehrean Lecture Annual Meeting, AOHA and AIHA, San Francisco, CA Oct. 18, I960 29. Bahn, AK et al. Melanoea after exposure to PCBs. New Engl. J. Med. 295:450, 1976 30. Bahn, AK et al. PCB7 and eelanoea. New Engl. J. Med. 296:108, 1977 31. Zack, JA et al. Mortality of PCB Workers at the Monsanto Plant in Sauget, Illinois, in preparation 32. Brown, DP et al. Mortality and Industrial Hygiene Study of Workers Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Arch. Envir. Health 36:120, 1981 33. Bertaxzi, PA et al. Mortality Study of Male and Feaale Workers Exposed to PCBs. Int. Syaposiua on Prev. of Occup. Cancer, Helsinki, Finland April 21-24, 1981 34. NIOSH Criteria for a recoaaended standard - occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) USDHEW, NIOSH Pub. No. 77-225, Septeaber 1977 35. Mason, TJ et al. Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties, 1950-1969 DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 75-780 HONS 019389