Document wpQQkpxobVz4okMvjQQxxGVB

Is! 950 CHAPTER 66 T. F. Thomas: The air cycle heat,pump {Engineer, August; 22, 1947, p. 180; August 29, 1947, p. 205). ^ 11 W. F. Friend: Future electronic, solar, nuclear devel opments (A8HAE Transactions, VoL 62,-1956, p. 563). " W. F. Stqecker: How frost formation'on cofla affects remgeratioh: systems {Refrigerating Engineering, February 1957, 1 ? Heat.Pimp Electricity Usages and.Other Operating Charaderistics as- Experienced. under Various. Weatner. .Conditions {Southern Research Institute. Report :Nol 2371-288-SVIII, July. 22, 1955).; ; ;jy-`! 1- " ** I* RJ IngersoQ and H. J. Plass: Theory of'the ground pipe heat source for the heat pump (ASHVETransactions; VoL 54, - 1948, p.339). ................. , " E. W. Guernsey, P.-tlBets,-and N; H. Skau: Earth as a heat source or: storage medium-for. the.heap.pump (ASHVE TEAjNSAcnoNa^VojL'55,-1949,, p.,321)....... . ........... ,, ;UA. B. Algren:;Ground temperatures as affected by weather conditions (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 55, 1949, p. 363)."; ; ** G. S. Smith and.Thomas Yamanchi:'Therinal'conductivity of Boil''fdr'desigQ'of1heat puihp'instal5ationfl (ASHVE-Thans- AcnoNa,.-Vol. 56,:1950,p.-355); : - . L: R; Ingersoll,.F- Ti Adler,1 H. J. PIas3,:and>A. C; Inger-. soil: Theory, of.,earth-heat, exchangers for .the. beat pump (ASHVE TaANSAcnoNS, yqL; 57,195I, p. 167). . >".G. .8. Smith: Factors useful in ground grid design for heat pumps (Aaav; Transactions,'VoL 57, 1951, p: 189)1' ' .** Merl Raker:. Design and performance' of a residential earth heat pump`(ASHVE Transactions,- VoL:59, 1953, pi-371).' ** W. A.- Hadley and Raymoiid''Ei3ehstadt: "Moisture move-' ment in soils due to temperature difference (ASHVE Trans-' actions,. VoL:59, 1953, p. 395). " G._ S. Smith: Intereoittent .ground grids for heat pumps (ASHAE Transactions, VoL63,1956, p.473). ** A. Hadley: Operating Characteristics of Heat Pump Ground Coils'{Edison Electric Institute Bulletin, :VoL 17, De cember-1949, p.:457): , . ,*? Joint --AEIC-EEI: Heat Pump Committee: Research Re sults. Concerning Earth as a Heat,Source or Sink {Edison Elec-, trie Institute Bulletin;September 1953).'. .. ** D. M. .Vestal,and B. J. Fluker: Earth tU heat 'source sink for heat pumps'(ASI^AE'Transactions, VoL'i63,l1957, p. D; M.'Vestal,"Jr. and -B. J. Fhiker: 'A Proposed-Procedure for the-Design of a Heat Pump Buried Coil (Texas-.A: & M. Bulletin).-, 1965 Guide And'Data Book ** R. C. Jordan and J. L. Threlkeld: Availability and utiliza tion of solar energy (ASHVE Transactions;' VoL 60, 1954, p; "Philip-8poni and E. R. Ambrose: The;heat pumpartd solar energy (Association for Applied Solar Energy, Proceed ings World Symposium on AppUed Solar Energy,. November .* C." P.`Davies, Jr. and.RlX Iipper:'8un energy'assistant' for air-type heat pumps (ASHAE Transactions, VoL 64, 1958). " F, H.- Bridgers, 'D.' D.Paxton, `and1 R. W.- Haines: Per formance of a solar heated office building (ASHAE Tbansactions,. Vo1. 64, 1958). - . .* F. R.;I31enberEer, A..B.;Hubbard, W. R. Foote, F.,Burgfr* and J.' J. Martin, Jr.: Evaluating heat pump performance (ASHVE Transactions,' Vol.'56,1950, p.87). ! a am^P.R. AchehbachVPerfenhance Characteris-' tics of Split4ype!Reddcotial iAir-tP-iAir-Heat -Pumi (Inter national Institute'of Refrigeration,'1962)..-.j".- - a Heat pump specifications i(Aw; Conditioning, Hcaiina. & Refrigeration Neun, April 8,-1963)/,. a Philip Sporn and .E. R. Ambrose: Heat puinp system using water storage' (Mechanical' Engineering'.' VoL':-69;- November 1947, p) 899).' ' - ' v. -11 Philip.Sporn and E. R. Ambrose:- The heat pump,- an all~- electric.year-round air conditioning systemfHeating and Venti- lating, January. 1944, p..68). . -^ * T. LIEthcrmgton: Adynamic beat storage Bystem (ASHAE' Thansactions,' Vol. 64;' 1958);' .............. ' r ...... BIBUOGRAPHY ' , W.-E..Johnson: Economic:and fjyrhnWl aspects of.the heat pump (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 64) .1948, p. 201). , J. D. .Kroekcr,.R.. C.;Chewning, and .C. E. Graham: Heat pump results in Equitable ` building' (ASHVE' Transactions VoL`55; 1949;'p:,345).'-'t '............ '* J. F. Sandfort: Thermodynamic criteria for heat pump:peiw formance-(ASHVE Tranbacttons, -VoL' 55, 1949, p;:363). Q- S.-Smith: CSimatology as- anaid in - heat1 pump design (ASHVE Transactions, Vol 57, .1951, p. 499); ,jG. ,F. JCayan: Electrical,,analogger application to-.the heat pump_ process.(ASHVE .TRAf^SAcrioNs.-.yoL 59, 1953, p. 361). .. AppUed Solar Energy Research. (Stanford. Research .Insti tute, 1955^-contains numerous heat puinp' 'references). ' ; Heat Pump' Data Sheets `on 'Residential' dnd ' Commercial Installations {Edison Electric Institute-PubRaslum' No.' 56-12). S2 1 CHAPTER 67 TERMINOLOGY Glossary of Physical, and. Heating, Ventilating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Terms Used in the Text absolute zero: the zero point on the absolute temperature scale, 459.69 degrees below the zero of the Fahrenheit scale, 273.16 degrees below the zero on the Centigrade scale. ., , absorbent: a material which, due to an affinity for certain sub stances, extracts one or more such substances from a liquid or, gaseous medium with which it is in contact, and which changes physically or chemically, or both, during the process. Calcium chloride is an example of a solid absorbent, while solutions of lithium chloride, lithium bromide and the ethylene glycols are examples of liquid absorbents. absorber: a device containing liquid for absorbing refrigerant vapor or other vapors. In an absorption system, that part of the low side used for absorbing refrigerant vapor. ' absorption: a process whereby a material extracts one or more substances present in an atmosphere or mixture of gases or liquids; accompanied by physical change, chemical change, or both, of the material. acceleration: the time rate of change of velocity, Le., the derivative of velocity with respect to time. , acceleration due to gravity: the rate of increase in velocity'of a body faUingfreely in a vacuum. Its'value varies with latitude and elevation. The International Standard taken'at sea level and 45' deg latitude is 980.665 cm per second per second or 32.174 ft per second per second.;' access door: door provided in a unit to permit inspection of the inside, as of plenum chambers. accumulator: a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant; also known as surge drum, surge header. Also, a pressure vessel whose volume is used in a refrigerant circuit to reduce pulsation. activated alumina: a form of aluminum oxide which' adsorbs. moisture readily and is used as a drying agent. ...... 1 activatedcarbon: a form of carbon made porous by special treat ment by which it is capable of adsorbing various odors, anesthitr ics and other vapors. . .. adiabatic: an adjective descriptive of a process such that no heat is added to, or taken from, a substance or system-under going the process. adsorbent: a material which has the ability to cause molecules of gases, liquids or solids to adhere to its internal surfaces without* changing the adsorbent physically or chemically: Certain' solid' materials such as silica gel, activated carbon and activated- alumina have this property. " f- 1 adsorption: the action, associated with surface adherence,'of a material in extracting one or more substances present in an atmosphere or mixture of gases and liquids, unaccompaxued'by physical or chemical change. Commennal adsorbent materials have enormous internal surfaces; - ... - aeration: exposing a substance, or area, to air circulation.- - aerosol: an assemblage of small particles, solid or liquid, sus pended in air. The diameters of the particles may vary from-100 microns down to 0.01 micron or less, e^., dust, fog, smoke. . agitator: a device causing turbulent motion in a Quid confined in a tank. air, ambient: generally speaking, the air surrounding an object.; air changes: a method of expressing the amount of air leakage into or out of a building or room in terms of the number of build-, ing volumes or room volumes exchanged. " air circulation: natural or imparted motion of air. .7"?.r. air cleaner: a device designed for the purpose of removing air borne impurities such a dusts, gases, vapora, fuines, and smokes. (Air cleaners include air washers, air filters, electrostatic pro-, cipitatorsi and charcoal filters.) ' The genera! raepomibtKty for this chapter ia mi|mi to TC 1.1A, Definition end Nomeneletare.' air conditioner: an assembly of equipment for the control of at least the first three items enumerated in the definition of air conditioning. air conditioner; room: a room air conditioner is a factory-made encased assembly designed as a unit for mounting in a window,' through a wail, or as a console. It is designed for free delivery of' conditioned air to an enclosed space without ducts. -. air conditioner, unitary: a unitary air conditioner consists of1 one or more factory-made assemblies which normally include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor and condenser combina tion, and may include a heating function as well; where such, equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separated assembles are designed to be used together. '. , air conditioning: the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and dis tribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space. air-conditioning system, central fan: a mechanical indirect, system of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning, in' which the' air is treated or handled by equipment located outside the rooms served, usually at a centre! location, and conveyed to and from the rooms by means of a fan and a system of distributing ducts. ' - - air-conditioning system, year-round: one which ventilates, heats and humidifies in winter and cools and dehumidifies. in summer the spaces under consideration, and provides the desired degree of air motion and cleanliness. The system includes the fol lowing equipment, whether it is located within the structure served or external to it: the refrigerating system and' the heat generating.system; any piping systems used to convey the heat-' mg and cooling media to suitable heat transfer surfaces; pumps, accessories, automatic controls, and interrelated electrical work.' The heat transfer portions of the system generally include, as re quired, preheaters, fans systems of distributing ducts, piping, and. necessary means of mamial or automatic control. air cooler: a factory-encased assembly of elements whereby tire temperature of air passing through the device is reduced: - - air cooler, dry type: a forced circulation air cooler wherein heat, transfer is not implemented by a liquid spray during the operate ing period. -- air cooler, forced circulation: a cooler which includes a fan or a blower for positive air circulation. air cooler, free delivery type: a cooler taking air from and di$\ charging it directly to the space to be treated without any element1 external to the cooler imposing air resistance. ' air coder, natural convection: an air cooler depending upon' natural convection for air circulation. ` air cooler, pressure type: a cooler for use with one or more ex ternal elements which unpose air resistance. air cooler, spray type: a forced circulation air cooler wherein the. / coil surface capacity is augmented by a liquid spray during the period of operation. air cooling: reduction in air temperature due to the abstraction of heat as a result of contact with a medium held at a temperature, lower than that of the air. Cooling may be accompanied'by moisture addition (evaporation), by moisture extraction. (de humidification), or by no change whatever of moisture content: air diffuser: a circular, square, or rectangular air distribution outlet, generally located in the ceiling and comprised of deflecting members discharging supply air in various directions and planes, and arranged to promote mixing of primary air with secondary, room air. - air, dry: air without contained water vapor; air only. air, outdoor: air taken from outdoors and, therefore, hot pro-' viously circulated through the system. * -.< air, recirculated: return air passed through the conditioner be^ fore being again supplied to the conditioned space. ........ ... - 951