Document wjE32epNm4nrvkJDRv83oy8V

i/- *a f-yj C. i V ,, J (J ^rL C A series of heat-resistant, chemically inert and fire-retarding compounds ranging from ? mobile "oil-y" liquids through viscous resins ht \\ and solids that perform unique functions in over a hundred different industrial and product applications. ------- y-- Monsanto _\ i_ DSW 322271 STLCOPCB4073922 A A\^C- -i 'H - i- ' V ,I. RRocloR / 1242 - `.. 4.* ;i > a. 4 :ii * tifr I li kN !'ROCLOR 1248/ ,^ {aRocloR .1254 t: *V-5- `A ' ' t i/- i?iru. ;i'T! : V -: l . *.} AROCLO11 1260// v/ w-. - ^HOCLOP; i ^ROCLOl1 .1262 s_y. * /^OCLOR j DSW 322272 STLCOPCB4073923 J '' I, s. - i . ' ' - ' '' . . - ' . " * Corrections, "The Aroclor Compounds11 -- Pages 10 end 11 Change tps (1) (2) (3) ;<*> (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 240-256*0. 290-330*0. 385-400*0. 395-415*0. 3.8-4.2 50 max. 1.6240-1.6260 90 36o*C. max. 60 max. 170*C., min. Plates changed accordingly, February 16, 1961. ' LH BSW 322273 STLCOPCB4073924 ! j The Arocior* compounds are among the most unique, most versatile chemically| made materials in industry. Aroclors are so useful in so many ways in so many t different applications, primarily because of one outstanding characteristic: inertness. The Aroclors do not bum . . . and they impart fire-retardance to compositions in which they are mixed. The Aroclors do not "break down" under mechanical stress; therefore, they make good lubricants, sealants, and expansion media. The Aroclors are not decomposed by, nor do they conduct even tiny amounts of, electricity; therefore, they are outstanding dielectrics. Heat has little effect on the compounds, hence the Aroclors are excellent heat transfer fluids. Since they are compatible with a wide range of synthetic resins, Aroclors make excellent, plasticizers. Because Aroclors in formulations "trap" and hold more volatile ingredients, they make volatile insecticides and repellents "last longer" in residual activity. And, important too, Aroclors are low in cost. Examination of their properties will show literally scores of uses in which no other material can serve. The following pages describe the physical properties of the Aroclors and some of their many applications. These remarkable materials are manufactured exclusively by Monsanto. < . Arocior It a trademark of Monsanto Chamlcal Company for its -- chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, including / chlorinated diphenyl, Reg. u. S. Pat. Ofc. In this brochure, Arocior i ft frequently used as a plural noun solely to improve the ease of reading ; and as a convenience to the reader. In every instance of such use. X however, the usage refers to Monsanto Arocior brand of polyphenyl * compounds. f ?. oSVJ 322215 STLCOPCB4073926 Page No. Table of General Physical Properties............................................................. 2 Electrical Applications of the Aroclors.................................... ........ ............... 8 > Mechanical Applications of the Aroclors.......................................................... 12 Heat Transfer.......................................... ...................................... .12 Expansion Media............................................. .............................. ....... 15 Liquid Sealant for Furnace Roofs.......................................................... 15 Aroclors in Special Product Formulations............... ............... ........................ 16 Sealers for Gaskets.............................................. ...............................16 Dedusting Agent........................................... 16 Insecticides............................................. ................. ..........................16 Precision Casting Waxes.......... ..............................................................17 Abrasives........................................................... Specialized Lubricants............................................. Industrial Cutting Oils...... ............................................... Adhesives................................................................. Polishing Waxes and Impregnating Compounds....................................21 Coatings............................................................ Inks........................................................................... Mastics, Sealing and Caulking Compounds............................................ 23 Permanent Tack Coatings........................................................................23 1 19 Aroclors in Plastics....................................................... Aroclors in Paint, Varnish, and Lacquers............................................... 27 Appendix................................................................. Method for Emulsifying............................................................................ 35 Solubility Table.... .................................................... Vapor Pressures............................................ .37 Vaporization Rates.................................................. Corrosion Resistance of Materials............................................ Viscosity Table............................................................... Table of Densities...... ............................................................................. 41 Dermatology and Toxicity....................................................... 39 40 42 STLCOPCB4073927 j (t ; I ! :| i Hf f I :l i i * i ; ' ;. i f . - . THE aroclors... Aroclor compounds are a series of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated poly phenyls. They range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. Aroclors are non-oxidizing, perma nently thermoplastic, of low volatility, and non-corrosive to metals. Aroclors are not hydrolyzed by water, alkalis, or acids. The viscous liquids and resins will not support combustion when heated alone, and they impart fire retardance to other materials. The crystalline Aroclors are relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclors are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols; "4465" is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. The following table describes the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor shown, there is a dark colored grade of approximately the same physical and chemical characteristics. These darker products are less pure but are lower in price. Aroclors are used alone for particular physical jobs, such as insulating, heat transfer, sealants and expansion media; and they are used as components or extenders in elastomers, adhesives, paints, lacquers, varnishes, pigments and waxes. The properties imparted by Aroclors (and their usefulness in particular applications) vary in regular gradient over the series. Selection of the right Aroclor for a particular use can generally be made by comparision of the properties, by "blending" two or more, and by adjusting the percentage used in the particular mixture in which the Aroclors will be formulated. DSW 322277 1 STLCOPCB4073928 general physical properties c ;. Aroclor 1221 FOrtlli rmi rr' t ' " Colorless _. - mobile oil :------ - -- ;------.................. --------' '----------- Aroclor 1232 _ . Aroclor 1242 Practically -- * Practically colorless colorless - mobile oil ----- ' mobile oil Aroclor 1248 Yellow tinted mobile oil L Color___~................................................... ~ 50 Max. __ (APHA)-- . 60 Max. - (APHA) 100 Max. 100 Max. - ^ - (APHA) - - - (APHA) Acidity-^Maximufn (Mgm. KOH per Gm.).T * C-l_ . --------- ------- * - --='- - --- -- Average Coefficient of Expansion. ,cc/cc/C ---: - - -- 0.015 " ------T -------- - 0.00071 (15"-40"C) 0.015 " 0.015 ~ ----~ -- -- = ' ' -------------- ------ 0.00073 (25*-100"C) 0.00068 (25*-65"C) 0.015 0.00070 (25*-65C) Typical Density ~ ----- Specific Gravity 25725C (77/77*F)........ Pounds per Gallon--25C (77F)......... r.-f . - ~ 1.182 9.85 DistillatiorTRange--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr C *5 m i. .. 275-320"-. y',S ,, -- .dl* HI -1.266 10.55 -- - ' 290*-325* d,r-1 ~" . I. S~zlz 11*. 0^1 _ 1.380 _ _ . - 1.445 -1180 - 12.04 ->=: . ^ -----: - 325*-360* 340"-375* Evaporation Loss--%--ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C................................................... 5 hrs. 100 C rv*{ v" m v*6~hrSi -- -- 3.0 to 3.6 : -l;0tol.5 - . :r; 08 to 0.4 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 Aroclor Light ye viscous 150 Ma: (APHA) 0.015 0.0006E (25"-65' * 1.538 12.82 365"-39 1.1 to 1. 0.0 to 0. Rash Point--Cleveland Open Cup______*C - -141M50* -- . 152-154" ........................................................*F '286-302 ''' 305-310* 176"-180" 348-356* 193*-196* 379-384* None T.I*fec - - ---- ^ iTr i'i.-s iLTr - L-: -n n-r-.= Fire Point--Cleveland Open Cup..............*C *F 176* 349" 238 460* None* None None Pour Point--ASTM ---=-= D-97.,,,,,..,,.*C. .. -------- * - **-*.......... . Crystals at___ i*c------- - - --------' 358'* ,, .. ___________ *F_ ..... Crystals at ------ r` 34*F.........' - -32* ---`---- -- --1- 9*-- -- -.i.,2*-------- inf-' u?=:> jr.ir-r ;r. : Softening Point--ASTM E-28...................C --_ -..........._____ _. . .. ,, ____ - *F -- ZT-.sT." ^. "vr .T~_~ . . \T7.r ",`r 'I *r . .~r: -- -7* 19.4* -- _ -' 10* 50" -- Refractive Index--D-line--20C.....-, . 1.617-1.618 : : 1.620-1.622 - -1.627-1.629-------- 1.630-1.631 1.639-1 Viscosity^-Saybolt Universal 210*F (98.9C) ~'80^1"~-- Sec. (ASTM--0-88) 130F (54.4`C) 35-37 100*F (37.8*C) 40-42 -------- ....... .... - ------.......... o...-. ... ; ...' ..... _ .... .. - 31-32 39-41 47-50 ii.. . ,, 34-35 49-56 80-93 36-37 44-48 69-78 260-34C 185-240 1800-25 ________^ . 1'..^., . ..... *NONE indicata**--"No firo point up to hotline tamporaturo" DSW 322278 2 STLCOPCB4073929 some of the aroclor compounds ^ Aroclor 1260 Light yellow toft sticky resin 150 Max. (APHA) 0.015 0.00067 (20-100C) ^ Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 150 Max. (APHA) 0.02 0.00064 (25-65C) ' Aroclor 1268 White opaque resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) # Aroclor 4465 Yellow trans parent brittle resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) Jtf Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00123 (25-99C) ^ Aroclor 5460 Yellow trans parent resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.07 0.00179 (25-124C) ^ Aroclor 2565 Brown-black opaque resin ' 1.4 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.620 13.50 1.646 13.72 1.810 15.09 1.670 13.91 1.470 12.24 1.670 13.91 1.734 14.44 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 . None : None 31* 88* 400-430 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 37* 99* 435*-450 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None None None ---- -- - -- 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477" >350 >662 46 115* 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (*t 260--5 hrs.) None None -- -- -- 0.2 to 0.3 None None -- -- -- 1.647-1.649 -- 1.6501-1.6517 135* to 160* (hold pt.) 275* to 320 (hold pt.) -- 60" to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 50 to 61 113 to 122 -- 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 1.660-1.665 66 to 72 149 to 162" -- 72-78 3200-4500 ** ; ..... . , ....... . .... .. ,. ; 90-103 600-850 CJ60*r or 71*0 --' . . ............... . ........ -- 90-150 C266F or 130*C) 300-400 --* ' -- . . --- ** j.-, _____ , ^^ T'_ . . ... ........ .t. . . ... .... -. . w.k ' ..... ---i t. . .... ............ .. . DSW 322279 3 STLCOPCB4073930 Sg& Aroclors are non-drying. Even when exposed to air in the form of thin films, no noticeable oxidation or hardening takes place. However, when used as com ponents of paints, varnishes or lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the films. Quick drying varnishes and paints can be made using Aroclors in the formulation. 11 NON-FLAMMABILITY" The viscous, oil-like Aroclors and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- temperatures in excess of 350C. Most of the Aroclors flux readily with other resinous and pitch-like materials to make mixtures that gain in fire retardance properties. Even when incorpo rated in nitro-cellulose films and rubber foams, Aroclors will retard the rate of burning. *ADHESIVENESS" AND THERMOPLASTICITY" The Aroclor resins adhere strongly to smooth surfaces such as glass, metal, varnished or lacquered coatings. The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. They apparently undergo no condensation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear Aroclor resins can be supplied with softening points up to 105 C. Opaque, crystalline Aroclors can be supplied with initial melting points up to approximately 290F. 0s^8 4 STLCOPCB4073931 Toward Alkalies -- The Arodors are remarkably resistant to the action of : j either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. They are not affected by boiling ; with sodium hydroxide solution. ;* Toward Acids -- Experiments were made to determine whether hydrogen ' ; chloride is evolved during the treatment of Aroclors with sulfuric acid. Aroclor ; 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal volume of ten per cent ; sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction > flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which solution : would give a precipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in contact with it. : After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treating flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. . Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with concentrated sulfuric acid indicated negligible effect. : Toward Heat -- Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat transfer media. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 ; are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated at temperatures up to 315 C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and they are, at the same time, fire resistant. : Toward Oxidation -- When Aroclors are subject to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY The Aroclors have extremely interesting electrical characteristics: high resis tivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric constant ranges , from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100 C and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. SOLUBILITY ; All Aroclors are insoluble in water. They are soluble, however, in most of the common solvents, plasticizers, and resins. . Hie Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline Aroclors cure in general less soluble than the liquids or softer Aroclor resins. All the Aroclors are heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. DSW 322281 5 STLCOPCB4073932 Because of the unique properties of the Aroclors, these inert, durable oil-y liquids and resins have found a variety of special jobs in systems operation, manufacturing uses and product formulating. Wherever an inert liquid is re quired in engineering -- wherever an extender, a "tackimparting" ingredient, or a iow cost additive is needed to impart flame retardance, chemical resistance, or to slow evaporation -- Aroclors may serve the need. The following applications will indicate the many ways Aroclors are used. . '1 T . |i Y it ii r i: --V' / Aj --- V: 1 Til DS'fl STLCOPCB4073934 Aroclors are among the purest commercial chemical compounds, virtually free of even traces of conducting impurities. For this reason, the Aroclors' dielectric properties closely approximate the theoretical maxi mum for the particular organic compound. With their stability, heat resistance and flame resistance -- Aroclors can be used for a variety of heavy-duty dielectric applications. electrical applications of aroclors DIELECTRICS FOR ASKAREL TYPE TRANSFORMERS AND CAPACITORS Monsanto Aroclors are used per se and are formu lated for the liquid coolant-insulation fluids in transformers and capacitors. Such dielectrics must be highly pure with dependably minimal traces of electrolytes. They must be chemically stable and non-corrosive to a wide variety of structural ma terials. Most important, the dielectric fluid must be fire-resistant. Aroclors are the only liquids in low cost commercial supply that meet these exacting requirements. Liquid Aroclors "1242," "1248," "1254," and "1260" are used directly, or these are carefully formulated with chlorinated benzene and other additives to make askarel fluid for particular needs. Typical formulated askarel fluids are shown on the following pages. Aroclors "1242" and "1254" themselves or in special formulations are used as the dielectric in fixed paper capacitors, for the power factor correction in utility transmission lines; for home appliances such as air conditioners, furnaces, washers and driers; for electric motors; and for ballast in fluo- DSVV 322284 STLCOPCB4073935 IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS rescent fixtures. There are also a number of applications in DC systems,'in con densers, and the new energy storage capacitors. The Aroclor fluids can be used in a wide variety of applications requiring a special ized dielectric. Monsanto works closely with electrical equipment makers to develop the proper dielectric with the exact physical properties required by the engineering of the equipment. ; _- Because of their nonflammability, high resistivity, and dielectric strength and low power factor, the liquid and resinous Aroclors are extremely useful materials for many applications as impregnating compounds. An important application of Aroclors in the electrical field is the use of Aroclors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable coatings and as impregnants for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Because they possess high purity and excellent electrical resistance, Aroclor 1254, 5460 and 1268 make excellent dielectric sealants: to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to seal electrical bushings-and terminals. ~ ~ ^ Since the liquid Aroclors will -absorb sufficient moisturejrom the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is customary to treat Aroclor intended for this application before . . use with a dehydrating clay. An effective product for this ' -fi purpose is Attapulgus clay 80/300 mesh dried for 4 hours at -- ........ - - j 400C. and used at the rate of 0.10% based on the weight of - . ___ . - Aroclor, followed by filtration. Treatment is improved if the __ . Aroclor is heated to 50-55C. "` " ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm-cm at 100C, Aroclor 25*C 100'C 500Volts D.C. ' ~ Power Factor (4) Dielectric Strength (3) 100C, 1,000 - -Cycles - .___ _ . 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 1268 5442 5454 5460 4465 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.3 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.7 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.3 3.7 -- 4.9 4.2 3.7 3.3 sac::-.---; Above 500x10 Above 500x10s . ' Above 500x10s Above 500x10s TT'----- - - - -- _ . y . Above 500x10 T- * . . ` - - r.r Greater than 35KV' Greater than 35KV . Greater than 35KV Greater than 35KV - - . - -. -- . ~ <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% -- ' ' .TV:-j. ." ' t-. ... -- :r. W --y----- _ (1) ASTM D1S0 47T <2> ASTM 0 257-46 <31 ASTM D149-44 (4) ASTM D IStM/r ' DSW 322285 STLCOPCB4073936 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ASKAREL : (MIXTURE OF AROCLOR AND CHLOROBENZENES) ' - Property Typical Vise. <5 37.8CC. (ASTM D88) * 41-45 Sec. Saybolt Univ. Spec. Gravity <& 15.5/15.5C., (ASTM D287) 1.563-1.571 r Color, APHA __ ' 150 max. . Condition Clear ^Acidity, mg. KOH /g. 0.01 max. E^ur Pt., C., (ASTM D97) . --44C., or lower - Inorganic Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. _ Refractive Index (gi 25C. t~i 1.6075-1.6085 Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and..,baro- metric pressure .. ;> First drop 5 r - {% j 210C r^min. * a.. - 238-256C. " ro ^0) 275-345C. 65% ^ 380-400"C.- - _ 95% ^390-415#C.'^2;^ii _; , Corrosion ^ After heating with aluminum for 6 hrs. @ 200-220'C., the aluminum must not be . corroded either on visual or weight in . . . spection. ;; i; n Water Content, ppm. ! :S 1J The askarel fluid specifications: . . meets : ;; the following ~ Color, APHA ' ' ' 1 200 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides,: ppm' : .Mil!;/; 5 max. Condition : 5 il i'30 max. '!: i Clear -Resistivity, 100C., 500v., 0.1* gap . .. . ?i |:! ? i / j i1 1 100 x 109 ohm-cm., min. Dielectric Strength, 25C. i 35 KV., min. ; i /! Dielectric Constant, 100C., 1000 cycles* Tin.Tetraphenyl* i s ; 0.125% 0.01% by weight Burn Point, (ASTM D92) * : ? jJ ; 1 None up to Boiling Point Fixed Chlorine* _ Arc Formed Gases* ` (Oxygen Free Liquid (ui25C.) V. Electrical Stability* i||H;l60.5 0.5^ - - -:<`"-siTotal combustible gases in~clud' ing carbon ^^^^^jnonoxide, hydrogen and volatile hydro carbons^ After heating for 96 hours @ 100C in a closed container, the resistivity should not decrease more than 10 %. TYPICAL CAPACITOR AROCLOR Property Vise. < 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Specific Gravity @ 25/15.5C (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Typical ' 82-92 seconds Saybolt Univ. 1.381-1.392 (P100 max. Clear 0.01 max. *0(nnin*d by iptclal rtqucst. DSW 322286 10 STLCOPCB4073937 y \ Typical Capacitor Aroclor (continued) it. .* af Property Pour Pt,, C. (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm. Typical --14 or lower 0.10 max. <; v ;L Refractive Index <n 25C. Q 1.6245-1.6265 V Distillation Range (ASTM D20) 10`7 325C. min. Corrected for stem and baro metric pressure Corrosion (g)90% 366C. max. After heating with aluminum for six hours at 210C 10C the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight in spection and the Aroclor 1242 should meet the following specs.L. Color, APHA @ 150 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. Condition Clear Water Content, ppm 35 max. Resistivity 100C. 500 volts DC @ 0.1* gap Dielectric Constant 100C. (&. 1000 cycles (ASTM D924) 500 x 10* ohm-cm., min. 4.7-4.9 ' y j? Flash Point Cleve. Open Cup* 160C., min. (., Fire Point C. * None to boiling point Sulfates (ASTM-D117-31) * None Fixed chlorine content (Carius) * 41.5-42.5% Specific Heat @ 25 C.* 0.29 Evaporation @ 100C for 6 hrs.* 0.4% max. Dielectric Strength (KV) (ASTM D877) * 35 Min. Determined by special request. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT VS. TEMPERATURE AROCLOR 1242 & AROCLOR 1254 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT f t 1000 CYCLES TEMPERATURE CENTIGRADE BY COURTESY OF THE JOURNAL OF FRANKLIN INSTITUTE AND BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES DSW 322287 11 STLCOPCB4073938 Because Aroclors have excellent shear resistance, heat stability, and are chemically stable . . . they can serve in dozens of mechanical applications for transferring mechanical power, heat, and variable pressures. Aro clors do not attack metals even at high temperature; they resist oxidation, chemical and mechanical break down under a wide variety of environmental conditions. In addition, the Aroclor liquids used as lubricants impart a high degree of extreme pressure lubricity. mechanical applications of aroclors ...... Photo courtesy of Petro-Chem Development Division Yuba Consolidated Industries, Inc. HEAT TRANSFER Aroclors are outstanding for use as the heat transfer liquids in indirect heating systems. Aroclor systems can transfer closely controllable, uniform heat to chemical processing vessels, food cookers, potato chip fryers, drying ovens and other installations where the fire source must be removed from the point where the processing heat is used. Aroclor 1248 is used most frequently in such indirect heating systems. - Heat transfer with Aroclors has many advantages. Processing heat up to 600F. can be delivered in a non-pressurized system, reducing the construction costs of the heating system. The fluid in properly engineered systems will last without significant degradation for from five to seven years. The Systems present no fire or explosion hazard, since the Aroclor does not support combustion. In ad dition, there is no day to day conditioning of boiler water, inasmuch as the Aroclor requires no con ditioning, and Aroclor systems require a minimum amount of insulation. Aroclor systems operating at atmospheric pressure have been used successfully since 1941. Aroclor systems can operate safely and efficiently on gas, oil or electricity. DSNN 522288 STLCOPCB4073939 ! - - . .. :; Aroclors 1242,1248 and 1254 are used as a circulating heat transfer medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed heating system are necessary to prevent local overheating. Aroclor 1248, however, is recommended for universal use up to 315C (600F) because of its fluidity at low temperatures and its fire- resistance. The liquid Aroclor,1248 is readily pumpable with centrifugal pumps to temperatures as low as 50F. In processes where a cooling cycle must also be introduced, provision can easily be made for shunting circulating Aroclor through a water cooled heat exchanger, thus employing one medium for both heating and cooling. In special cases, Aroclors 1242 and 1232 can be substituted for the Aroclor 1248. If low outside temperatures are encountered, the less viscous Aroclor 1242 can be used. Aroclor 1232 may be used where outdoor temperatures as low as 20F are en countered. While Aroclor 1232 is serviceable for unpressurized heat transfer, this Aroclor compound is not quite as fire resistant as "1248" or "1242." Monsanto has available an "Engineering Heat Transfer Data" booklet that gives design guidance on Aroclor systems. In addition, Monsanto can suggest sources for Aroclor heaters and equipment. Photo courtesy of Western Precipitation Corp. Photo courtesy of Struthers Welle Corp. Photo courtesy of Union iron Work* Photo courtesy of . Tho International 8oilor Works Co. DSW 322289 13 STLCOPCB4073940 HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLORS: AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES - - -- . _ .temperature *c____ . THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AROCLOR 1248 Temperature _*C_____ , *F. 30 - 90 60 140 100 212 BTUr/Hr./Sq. Ft./ ' _ -F./FL Calories, gram/Sec./ Sq.Cm./C./Cm. 0.0680 ' 0.0687......... ---------- 010697 -- 281 x 10-` _ --284x10-* -"-- 288x10-* /:T; I EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability at high temperatures and ability to withstand frequent temperature cycles without gum formation, the liquid Aroclors are used as the actuating medium in bellows controls, thermostats, industrial temperature control ' ?; regulators and other kinds of automation equipment. i. 4$* The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F. within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was determined by using the simple formula Vt=Vtl [1-fa (t--ti)]. The coefficient, a, has been calculated at 100F increments, as follows: Temp. Range F Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/F 0 to 100 0.00037 :-s * 100 to 200 0.00039 200 to 300 300 to 400 0.00040 0.00046 400 to 500 0.00048 500 to 600 0.00051 The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F. Specific Volume ml/gm 0 0.674 100 0.699 200 0.726 300 0.755 400 0.790 500 0.828 600 0.870 LIQUID SEALANT FOR FURNACE ROOFS The liquid Aroclors 1221 and 1254, because of their low vapor pressures and fireresistance, make excellent liquid sealants. These non-evaporating fluids have good flow at slightly elevated temperatures and are chemically stable at elevated temperatures. Consequently, the liquid Aroclors make excellent fluid sealants for any application where the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of annealing furnaces, for example, Aroclors make dependable fire-safe roof seals. VACUUM DIFFUSION PUMP OIL The fluid Aroclors 1248 and 1254 are highly stable to air; they make good oils for vacuum pumps at a much lower cost than high priced silicone type oils. These Aroclors operate efficiently in vacuum diffusion pumps used to pull high vacuum for metalizing plastics; dehydrating foods, medicinals; and for drying capacitor cones. DUST ENTRAPMENT Because Aroclors are non-drying and tacky, they make excellent coatings for capturing dust, lint and other fine air-borne particles. Aroclors 1260 and 5460 are used successfully to coat fibrous glass air filter pads, metal mesh and other ma terials used for filtering air and gas streams. DSW 322291 STLCOPCB4073942 With their wide range of physical properties, their inertness, lubricity, and vapor-suppressing charac teristics -- Aroclors can be valuable ingredients in an extraordinary variety of formulated products. They are compatible with a variety of solvents, oils, resins. They are virtually non-volatile and permanently thermoplastic; they will not react with other chemicals in the formulation. In addition, their low cost makes their use for special purposes eminently practical and economical. aroclors in special product formulations ; SEALERS FOR GASKETS Aroclors -- particularly when hot -- swell rubbers like Hycar, Koroseal, PerBuna N, and Neoprene. Wherever seals and gaskets of natural or synthetic rubber tend to shrink under heat and use, Aroclors 1232, 1242 or 1254 can be used as a swelling agent ~ to tighten the shrunken seal. An example is in automotive transmission oil: a small amount of Aroclor in the oil swells the seal in place, saving the cost of tearing down the equipment to replace the seal or gasket. Aroclors can be used in gasket seal ing compounds to swell the rubber after the gasket k - :W ^ ' ' or seal is in place. DEDUSTING AGENT `Aroclor 1254 is a low cost dedusting agent which can "hold down" the dusting of a variety of chemical products. Because Aroclor 1254 resists both combustion and oxidation, it can be used to control dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example, a few tenths of one percent will control the dusting of calcium hypochloride. DSW 322292 16 STLCOPCB4073943 i >j Aroclor 5460 and 1254 act as vapor suppressants. The United States Department of Agriculture scientists reported that the inclusion of from 5 to 25 parts per hundred by weight of Aroclor increased the effective kill-life of a lindane spray up to ten times. A painted or mfetallic surface sprayed with certain chlorinated in secticides fortified with Aroclor will remain toxic to flies, ants, roaches, silverfish up to 2 to 3 months. The Aroclor resins suppress the rapid evaporation of the volatile insecticides without adding odor or other objectionable residue. Formula tion into insecticides is quite simple; the Aroclor is dissolved in a suitable solvent compatible with the insecticide formulation, and mixed in. The most pronounced effect for increasing the kill-life of the insecticide is obtained with lindane, chlordane and BHC. Aroclors are recommended for chlorinated insecticide formulations to be used for non-crop spraying. Their low cost makes this use a most practical way to lower the ultimate cost of insect control. Aroclors are compatible with various natural waxes, such as camauba and others, including those used to formulate casting wax. Aroclors help impart to the finished casting wax a number of desirable properties: hardness without brittleness; resistance to shrinking; sharp definition; sharp melting point; and fire-resistance. Waxes formulated with Aroclors are non-tacky and highly stable. Aroclor-containing waxes are widely used in making dental castings, in the precision casting of aircraft parts, and for casting costume jewelry. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460 are the ones most frequently used, the proportions dependent upon the properties required in the finished wax. Much of the highest quality precision casting wax; used in the "lost wax" process is formulated with Aroclors. Aroclors 1254,1268 and 5460 are used in the manufacture of specialized abrasives. Because of their excellent bonding characteristics, high thermal stability and resistance to oxidation and corrosion -- Aroclors are used as the carriers for abrasive materials. A major use is as part of the bonding agent in specialized grinding wheels. For specialized lubricants requiring good extreme pressure (EP) characteristics, the liquid Aroclors make excellent additives. The Aroclors impart high temperature stability, excellent lubricating qualities, and weather and corrosion resistance. As an example, Aroclors are used to formulate grease and pipe thread compounds for use in oxygen systems. Greases formulated with Aroclors have a high chemical resistance, are suitable for use in contact with corrosive chemicals. Gear oil lubri cants containing Aroclors have good resistance to sheer degradation and high DSW 322293 i; STLCOPCB4073944  '> ~Xwi !* M|iin i -------------------------------' w----^---------- '' .-. .. - '> temperature stability. Added in small amounts to railroad car journal box oils, Aroclors impart better extreme pressure lubricity and reduce the incidence of "hot boxes." '. The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclors make them attractive in themselves as lubricants under conditions of high temperature. As an example: in governor systems of central power stations, Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this lubricating application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gives excellent results on a roller bearing test operating at 255-260F with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. ' As an extreme pressure (EP) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carrying properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These two Aroclors represent one of the more satis factory carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: r 1. STABILITY . . . even at higher temperatures, which assures there will be neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation. _ - 2. NON-VOLATILE. Many other types of chlorine bearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service. The Aroclors are non-volatile at normal temperatures. - 3. NON-OXIDIZING. Aroclors do not oxidize nor "thicken up" to an objectionable degree. ' ' ~ ................. 4. NON-CORROSIVE . . . toward metal surfaces. - 6. NON-ABRASIVE. Aroclors exerts no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. NON-HYDROLYSIS. Aroclors do not hydrolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the generation of hydrochloric acid. 7. COMPATIBILITY. Aroclors are completely miscible with mineral oils. . 8. COLOR. Aroclors do not darken or change the color of lubricating oil. , Submerged Lubrication . . ;. , ....Under conditions of lubrication subjected to exposure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavier-than-water lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroclor and oil, of which the following are typical examples: - ` r-.tK - .. _ _ .. . - . Mix No. - - % by weight . - ' ; Gravity at Approx. Oil* Aroclor 1248 Pour Pt. 15.5C. Pounds/Gal. r- .1 -- 2 50 50 0F 1.1263 9.4 25 ....75 - +5F 1.2703 10.6 -....- ` ~:r.- " - Viscosity 210F-160 Saybolt Secs. Color ASTM 7-8 Flash Point 545F. - -Pour Point 15F. 'Or..- . .*-- -..r- *Sri|ht Stock: Gravity API 22-23 DSW 322294 IP STLCOPCB4073945 ' '.jijHSH / v In Industrial Cutting Oils 4 is used to formulate the finest quality "straight" and "soluble" or muisitiable-type cutting oils. The Aroclor functions as an excellent extremepressure lubricant and it is far superior to aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons because of its higher order of thermal stability. The heat resistance is most important in cutting oils for niachining high grade steel. With Aroclor cutting oils there is a lower degree of hydrolysis which minimizes the staining of the metal. Arodors are outstandingly useful ingredients in the formulation of various types of adhesives. Besides a plasticizing action on the adhesive's resin base, they add valuable properties to the adhesive bond. Aroclors offer a variety of property improvements to adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate, to rubber cements and to hot melt adhesives. Aroclors strongly resist attack by water, acids, alkalies and other common cor rosive influences, as well as microorganism attack. By proper selection of materials, adhesives containing Aroclors can have outstanding resistance to most of the destructive factors that injure bonding properties. Hot Melt Adhesives A typical starting formulation for a cellulose acetate butyrate hot melt adhesive with Aroclor 5460 is: Parts by Weight Half-second cellulose acetate butyrate 35.00 Aroclor 5460 30.00 Dioctyl phthalate 15.00 Newport V-40 19.89 Santonox* 0.1 Syn Fleur #6 0.01 The above coating can be applied at about 350F. Ventilation should be provided. A typical starting formulation for an ethyl cellulose hot melt adhesive with Aroclor 5460 is: Parts by weight Ethyl cellulose, 50 cpr 24 Aroclor 5460 7 Lopor No. 45 Mineral Oil 57 Bakers No. 15 Castor Oil 5 Epoxy soybean oil 3 Paraffin wax (m. p. 135F) 3 Santonox1" 1 Santonw: Honunto Chm. Co. tradtmirk. Rtgiitarad U. S. Pat. Ofc. DSW 322295 1 STLCOPCB4073946 J: 20 Heat Sealing Adhesives ----- --` _ Chlorinated rubber and Aroclors 1254 and 1260 make excellent heat sealing and - label adhesives. These adhesives have high chemical resistance and extremely low _ moisture vapor transmission. A typical starting formulation is: -.Parts by weight Parlon (125 centipoise type) Aroclor 1254 .. .. _ 20 6 Aroclor 5460 Toluene 6 68 PVAc Emulsion Adhesives --' ~- Aroclors 1221, 1232, and 1242 impart excellent tack and strong bonding power to polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives. They readily blend with simple stirring and since they are liquid at room temperature no pre-melting is required. The hardness -required in the adhesive's end use can be varied to suit simply by selection of the Aroclor without materially changing other properties. The Aroclors are compatible with PVAc emulsions at a level of up to 11 parts of Aroclor in 100 parts of PVAc emulsion. ................. An excellent type of hot melt book binding adhesive can be made as follows: Parts by weight ............. ..... . Formula 17 Gelva polyvinyl acetate - - resin V-7 100 . Ethyl cellulose " Gelva C-SV-16R Santicizer 160 - Rosin WW 75 ^Dibutyl phthalate 30 - Aroclor 1254 55 Formula 18 65 15 16 Formula 19 100 75 30 55 By changing the type of polyvinyl acetate resin utilized in the hot melt, the viscosity of the melt can be increased or decreased without changing the ratio of resin to plasticizer. Polyurethane Resin Adhesives An excellent flocking adhesive containing Aroclor 1254 can be made as follows: '' ' 'Parts by weight Part'A--" Multranil FLD * 100 -- - * Aroclor 1254 r 20 - -- Mondur *C 5 Part B -- Multranil FLD * 100 Mondur C* 5-10 Part A is applied to the fabric by knife coating and allowed ... to dry thoroughly. The fabric is then coated with Part B, and the material is flocked immediately. *Mobay Chemical Co. trademark. Registered U. S. Pat. Ofc. DSW 322296 STLCOPCB4073947 liliiXM'tiiani' Epoxy Adhesives Aroclors can be used to extend epoxy resin adhesives. The extending greatly reduces the formulation cost with a minimum effect on the bonding characteristics of the adhesive. : . ) Aroclors can be used to extend or substitute Camauba Wax and reduce the cost of the wax formulation. Several practical formulas are available using Aroclors to make wax blends that possess the qualities of Camauba Wax. These blends can be used for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes. Selected Aroclors such as 5460 used in conjunction with various waxes make excellent impregnating compounds for furniture drawers, etc., to prevent sticking. Resinous Aroclors used in combination with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for concrete and masonry surfaces, wood, fiber board and paper products. The Aroclors may be used to impregnate cloth, paper, wood or asbestos in order to impart moisture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating properties, alkali or other chemical resistance, flame resistance, or lubricating qualities. For this type of formulation they are used in combinations with other materials such as waxes, inorganic pigments, asphalt, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., in order to obtain exactly the physical characteristics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding dark-colored products, are suggested as most applicable. ... is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but will be attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface is not appreciably discolored and can be painted. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion can be obtained by varying the Aroclor: wax: sulfur ratio. Wood impregnated by vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroclor 4465 Microcrystalline Wax Sulfur 70% 20% 10% i :$* M 3291 21 STLCOPCB4073948 For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best combined with waxes, especially paraffin or Camauba, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and synthetic resins including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene co-polymers, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetobutyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selection of materials for use in combination with Aroclors depends on end vise requirements of the specific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound composed of 96% (by weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% paraffin (melting point 54C) has an ASTM softening point of about 82C and is very efficient. Substituting Aroclor 4465 for Aroclor 5460 produces a compound with a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may be further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a composition containing 40% of Aroclor 1260, 56% of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also produce softer compounds. An excellent melt coating for paper and cloth was reported by W. M. Gearheart and F. M. Ball, OFFICIAL DIGEST, Vol. 343,1953: . Half-second Butyrate Dioctyl phthalate Aroclor 1260 Ionol 50% 9.9% 40% 0.1% This coating may be applied by knife or roller at 350F; the application requires no solvent. This coating on paper or fabric has extremely good flexibility. Aroclor 4465 is a useful resin for compounding rotogravure and other printing inks. A mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper contains the following ingredients: Aroclor 4465 Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @ 100F) Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 @ 100F) Carbon Black Oil Soluble Dye 40% 35% 20% 4% 1% Aroclor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Aroclor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot, bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronze powder adheres to the Aroclor completely covering the paper. This product is used in making the "gold OS\N 322298 22 STLCOPCB4073949 leaf' letters on books, etc. The paper treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is * J placed upon the book binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroclor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coating over it to protect it from tarnishing. The Aroclors are also used a vehicles for carrying the pigments used in glass t decoration. When the decorations have been applied and the glass is fired, the Aroclors volatilize without carbonization and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4465 are used for ceramic decoration. PAPER TRANSPARENTIZER 1 A treating liquid that makes paper transparent for use as tracing paper, window envelopes, and special packaging can be formulated with Aroclor 5460 and poly butenes. A typical economical formulation is: ? Aroclor 5460 ] Indopol H-300 30% 25% Toluene 45% In the paper treating formula, the proportions of Aroclor to Indopol may be ,varied from 2:1 to 1:2 respectively. MASTICS SEALING AND CAULKING COMPOUNDS Aroclors and polybutenes can be blended with inorganic fillers to make excellent sealing and caulking compounds. A typical "filler" would be: Whiting Talc Lithopone 7 M Asbestos 50% 30% 10% 10% By combining selected Aroclors and Indopol polybutenes, it is possible to produce a wide range of hardness, viscosity, flow and bonding characteristics in durable sealing and caulking compounds. Excellent mastics, too, can be prepared by blending selected Aroclor resins with Indopol polybutenes. The mastics have good adhesive qualitites for specialized I uses such as sealing of automobile body construction. . I l PERMANENT TACK COATINGS Aroclors and Indopol polybutenes can be blended in a variety of proportions to make permanently tacky coatings. These coatings may be applied to fabric or paper to provide a permanently "sticky" surface. Insecticides, for example, can be blended into such coatings to make insect traps or insect barriers on tree trunks |< for tree foliage or fruit protection. These coatings can also be used for tapes and sign backing. DSW 322299 23 STLCOPCB4073950 7 Aroclors are valuable as low cost plasticizers for a variety of applications. Aroclors improve chemical resistance, flame retardance, oxidation resistance, and reduce the cost of plasticized elastomers. De pending upon the use, the various Aroclor compounds offer a number of benefits to the user. aroclors in plastics In almost all formulations, the use of a selected Aroclor as a plasticizer reduces the cost per pound of the formulation. Another valuable use of Aroclors in the plastics field is as a grinding and dispersing medium for pigments. The Aroclor compounds are compatible with most common plastic materials; they are compatible to the extent of practical use with the following: Asphalt Benzyl Cellulose Carnauba Wax Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Chlorinated Rubber Coumarone-Indene Resins Dammar Resin Ester Gum Ethyl Cellulose Epoxy Resins Manila Gum Nitrocellulose Paraffin Phenolic Resins Polyethylene Polyester Resins Polystyrene Resins Polyiso-Butylene - Polyurethanes Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Butyral Polyvinylidene Chloride Rosin Rubber Styrene Butadiene Co-Polymers Vinyl Resins .- . DSW 322300 24 STLCOPCB4073951 i` V J Aroclors are not compatible with cellulose acetate or with phenolic resins in the final stage of condensation. In selecting the proper Aroclor for a given use, the degree of flexibility imparted \ increases progressively in the order of: hard resinous Aroclor, soft resinous Aroclor, Jiji liquid Aroclor. Conversely, the hardness of-the plasticized elastomer increases progressively with the choiee of: liquid Aroclor, soft resinous Aroclor, hard Aroclor resin. POLYVINYLCHLORIDE The Aroclors are valuable as secondary plasticizers, or plasticizer-extenders for polyvinyl chloride formulations. The Aroclors impart greatly improved chemical resistance over conventionally ester-plasticized compositions. For example, a formulation plasticized with 3 parts of DOP and 1 part of Aroclor 1254 shows the best chemical resistance of any plasticized polyvinyl chloride formulation evaluated to date. Aroclor 1262, when used as a co-plasticizer with DOP, greatly reduces the amount of migration of the plasticizer to nitrocellulose lacquers. Aroclor 5460 is frequently used as a plasticizer-resin-extender to make flameproof vinyl tiling compositions. In vinyl chloride co-polymer resins for solution application, the combination of Aroclor 5460 and Aroclor 1254 is widely used because of its outstanding chemical resistance. RUBBER-NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC The liquid Aroclor compounds -- 1221, 1232, 1242 and 1248 -- have a strong plasticizing action on rubber, both natural and synthetic. Aroclors 1254 and 1260, when milled into rubber, impart permanent tackiness and adhesion to the composition. .Aroclors 2565, 4465, 5460 and 1268, when incorporated in neoprene rubber in amounts as high as 40 parts per 100 .parts of rubber make compositions that are extremely flame retardant. ' ''_ " - - The Aroclors generally show a high degree of compatibility with epoxy resins; this group of materials is one of the very few plasticizers that possess such high . - compatibility with these materials. The lower Aroclor numbers, 1221 and 1232, _ impart a high degree of flexibilizing to epoxy compounds. The more resinous and ` _ solid Aroclors have little effect oh the flexibility of the compound; in fact, they tend to act as reinforcing materials. Aroclors have little effect on epoxy resins' " hardness, tensile or compressive yield strength. The ultimate compressive strength - - can be improved by using solid Aroclors in phthalic anhydride cured systems. All nf the Aroclors, when used at a rate of 15 to 20 parts per hundred of resin, greatly retard the burning rate of epoxy compositions. If a small amount of - - antimony oxide is added in addition to the Aroclor compounds, the materials - ---- then become non-burning. _ ... . . :. Aroclor 5460, when used in low density polyethylene to the extent of 20% -- in combination with 10% antimony oxide -- makes the compound self extinguishing. .Compared to other materials that make polyethylene self extinguishing, Aroclor 5460 has much less effect on tensile, yield and elongation properties. In addition, the heat stability of the Aroclor compound is greatly superior to the other materials commonly used to make polyethylene self-extinguishing. Incorporation of the solid, resinous Aroclors will make asphalt self extinguishing. Possible applications of this type of formulation include caulking compounds, roofing compounds and sound-deadening coatings. Normally," 30% of an Aroclor such as 5460 will make an asphalt mixture that is self extinguishing. Incorporation of Aroclor in a polyester resin in combination with antimony oxide - greatly reduces the burning rate of polyester resins. A mixture of sufficient amounts . of selective Aroclors will produce polyesters that are self extinguishing. Considerable interest has been displayed in the use of Aroclors in phenolic lami nating resins, to make compounds that are flame resistant. Normally, the higher molecular weight Aroclor, such as Aroclors 1260, 1262 and 5460 are evaluated for this purpose. r 26 DSW 322302 STLCOPCB4073953 ! t: ! ir ;?i *! Aroclors are soluble in paint and varnish oils and solvents and are compatible with most film-forming coating resins. The Aroclor compounds improve adhesion to the substrate. Adding Aroclors to paint, varnish or lacquer formulations imparts properties to the film that correspond to the particular charac ter of the Aroclor used. The hard, resinous Aroclors tend to give increased hardness to films; the viscous Aroclors impart flexibility. Aroclors are excellent grinding and dispersion media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a ; ! paste form which can be incorporated easily into .i paints and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent ; i leafing qualities, brightness or luster and does not i tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreoever, ; i the coating composition does not support combustion. aroclors in paint, varnish ! and. lacquer formulations i 1 VARNISHES AND ALKYDS Aroclors 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. The weight of Aroclor used may be from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. The Aroclors do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They are best added as a "chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. I As far as incorporation of the Aroclors is concerned, the only reason for heating is to make the Aroclors liquid so they can be more readily mixed with V the oils. . Aroclor 1260 is best for short oil varnishes that are required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroclors impart water and alkali resistance, and with these qualities enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. The suggested starting formulation is two parts by weight of oil, one part of Aroclor 1260 and one part of other resin. These DSW 322303 27 STLCOPCB4073954 proportions can be varied as required. The Aroclor may be considered to function in the formulation as an oil, with the difference that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility. Resins of the alkyd, phenolic or rater gum type, with a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may also be usejl in making varnish formulations. EPOXY RESIN COATINGS The high compatibility of Aroclor compounds with epoxy resins makes these materials of great value in formulating epoxy coatings. Normally, 10 to 15% of Aroclor 1260 or 1262 is added to the epoxy composition to improve flexibility with a minimum effect on the corrosion resistance and adhesive characteristics of the film. NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS In pyroxylin or nitrocellulose lacquers, the Aroclors can function both as plasti cizers modifying the properties of the film and as film-forming bodying resins. Aroclors are highly compatible with nitrocellulose and with other resins and plasticizers commonly used in lacquer formulating. They impart weather resist ance, luster, adhesion and decreased burning rate. The Aroclors' excellent electrical characteristics (high dielectric strength and resistivity and low power factor) and their property of retarding the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose make the Aroclors of special value in coatings for electrical insulating materials. To illustrate the modification possible to obtain by changes in formulation, three lacquer formulas are given below. All have excellent durability but the third is much softer and more flexible than the other two. Only the solids contents are given. The amounts tabulated are parts by weight. Aroclor Lacquers No. 1 Yi. second Nitrocellulose (dry) Dammar resin Ester Gum Aroclor 1260 Dibutyl Phthalate Trieresyl Phosphate 100 80 -- 20-39 20-0 -- No. 2 100 -- 80 20 20 *-- No. 3 100 -- -- 80-70 -- 39-70 No. 1 and No. 2 have excellent sanding and polishing qualities. No. 3 is very flexible but too soft for sanding. Where extremely high flexibility is desired, as for example in lacquers for high tension automotive cables, the following composition is suggested: 15-20 second R. S. Nitrocellulose Trieresyl Phosphate Aroclor 1242 100 parts by weight 120 parts by weight 80 parts by weight The accompanying trilinear diagrams show the practical compatibility limits of Aroclors 1254 and 1262 when used in combination with some other resins and plasticizers. Aroclor 1260 gives values almost the same as those shown for 1262. The less viscous Aroclors have greater compatibility; the more resinous Aroclors have less compatibility than the ones shown. DSW 322304 2S STLCOPCB4073955 s * i 5 * i? i ) In the trilinear diagrams, the compositions, represented by any point in the i unshaded areas, are those which produce homogeneous lacquer films. On the i other hand compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce t. impractical, segregated, brittle or soft films. For detailed information as to the derivation and use of these diagrams reference is made to the following articles: Jenkins & Foster, "Compatibility Relationships of the Arodors in Nitrocellulose Lacquers," Ind. Eng. Chem. 23, 1362 (1931). Hofmann & Reid, "Graphical Methods in Lacquer Technology," Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 431 (1928); "Formulation of Nitrocellulose Lacquers," Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 687 (1928). 90 NITROCELLULOSE PERCENT 80 70 10 20 30 For combinations where the resin is Ester Gum or Amberol and where the Aroclor is Arocior 1254 or Aroclor 1262. 60 SO 40 30 50 7A l*. Xw. X J>. ' ~r*T-....... //.' T..T 60 70 7iC0. Av/- ST*f. . ?v,.. '7,i AROCLOR PERCENT i! I i 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 PERCENT RESIN DSW 322305 29 STLCOPCB4073956 90 NITROCELLULOSE PERCENT 80 70 For combinations where the resin is of the phthalic anhydride-glucerol type and where the Aroclor is Aroclor 1262.* Aroclor 1260 my be substituted without material change. - 50 40 10 20 30 / V 40 50 AROCLOR PERCENT 90 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 PERCENT RESIN 10 90 NITROCELLULOSE PERCENT 80 70 20 30 For combinations where the resin is of the phthalic anhydride-glycerol type and where the Aroclor is Aroclor 1254. 20 10 .? ab*60 40 / \ 50 50 AA - 40 KAAt 30 /\ & ' ... ... ... 80 iV : V/ .. . . W W: V V M\: MlW- 7a? TW' ' /^T' /V M iv 'V. ' cj/ AROCLOR PERCENT 90 *. - 90 - 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 PERCENT RESIN DSW 322306 30 STLCOPCB4073957 90 NITROCELLULOSE PERCENT 80 10 20 30 For combinations where the Aroclor resin is Aroclor 1262* and where the plas ticizer is Dibutyl Phthalate. PLASTICIZER PERCENT PERCENT AROCLOR 90 10 NITROCELLULOSE PERCENT 80 70 20 30 `Aroclor 1260 may be substituted without material change. 40 60 A3 For combinations where the 50 Aroclor resin is Aroclor 1262* and where the plasti \ 71 cizer is Tricresyl Phosphate. 60 , Vi j A-'i /\ A \v. \ 70 30 Al ..w; 7, PLASTICIZER / 80 PERCENT 20 in X. -. W, ' JX W. i. v. v ?' v A TV. . A*. \v. \vi: \\ . yi.. /A*. TA A - ,7 \ // \ X.V, . xVi . \ 90 7*7. 7*r 7*7 TV w V-. TaM jL__-------- &Z__.A.vi----- 90 80 70 60 PERCENT AROCLOR 50 40 30 20 10 DSW 322307 31 STLCOPCB4073958 CHLORINATED RUBBER AND STYRENEBUTADIENE COPOLYMERS Aroclors are outstanding for compounding modified rubber finishes. They impart exceptional corrosionresistance, chemical resistance, oxidation resistance to these coatings, and improve adhesion. Typical applications include masonry coatings for swimming pools, stucco homes and highway paints, as well as protective and decorative coatings for steel structures, railway tank and gondola cars, wood and metal maritime equipment. In rubber base coatings, Aroclor 1254 is used as a liquid flexibilizing plasticizer and commonly used in combination with Aroclor 5460 which serves as a resin fortifier. The outstanding chemical resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of rubber base Aroclor coatings make them outstanding protective coatings for chemical plants, boats, highway marking, and masonry. Monsanto . Technical Bulletins No. P-149, PL-309, and PL-311 cover the use of Aroclors in rubber base coatings. 1 I if0 * . 1' ? I i i \ \ : $ | f- * 1 V i CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE LACQUERS The higher Aroclor compounds are widely used with cellulose acetate butyrate, in the manufacture of low cot lacquers that are flame resistant. Typical vises for this type of lacquer include paper coating, lacquers for plastics and strippable coatings for paint booths. ' . A typical paper lacquer with minimum tendency to curl is reported* to contain the following: By Weight Half-second Butyrate Aroclor 1260 Acetone Isobutyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Toluene 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% 30% ETHYL CELLULOSE COATINGS The Aroclors are highly compatible with ethyl cellulose. The liquid Aroclors impart great flexibility, the resinous Aroclors impart great hardness. For example, 75 parts by weight of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and a slight tackiness. Aroclor 5460 on the other hand -- in the same proportion -- produces a very hard and somewhat brittle composition. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional weathering properties to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are recommended. For more flexibility in the coating one of the softer Aroclors should be used -- either alone or as a partial replacement for the Aroclor 5460. Ethyl cellulose formulations plasticized with Aroclors find end use applications as protective lacquers, adhesives, and as strippable coatings. - The solid Aroclor compounds, such as Aroclor 5460 are widely used in hot melt applications for the protection of tools and metal parts. They are normally used with ethyl cellulose or cellulose acetate-butyrate resins. CREPE RUBBER COATINGS | Aroclor 1262 is used as a low cost plasticizer for crepe rubber in paint compositions. | Used in concentrations of 5 to 50% based on the weight of the rubber polymer, i . it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and strengthens the adhesion ?< - of the film to steel. . > *W. M. Gaarhaart and F. M. Ball, OFFICIAL DIGEST, Vol. 343. 1953. DSW 322309 33 STLCOPCB4073960 *;< *^i; . t-| ri i-- ff-. fe ?V-mJ5^tr'E,,^-y^7rw-*r*Vra->,^,------------------------------ DSW 322310 STLCOPCB4073961 ' METHODS FOR EMULSIFYING AND MAKING STOCK SOLUTIONS OF AROCLORS There are several simple methods for making Aroclor emulsions; the one used may be selected to suit the kind of Aroclor and type of formulation in which it will be used. . Emulsifying Viscous Aroclors (Portion 1) . 16 lbs. of Aroclor 1 lb. of Stearic Acid (Portion 2) 8 lbs. of water 4 oz. Triethanolamine appendix Heat the Aroclor to a workable viscosity (180F plus) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water to almost boiling (207F) and stir in the triethanolamine thoroughly. Pour the Aroclorstearic acid portion into the water portion agitating vigorously. Then process the combined portions with a high-speed emulsifying stirrer ... or process through a colloid mill. Emulsifying Liquid Aroclors (Portion 1) 100 parts Aroclor 1254 (Portion 2) . 4 parts Oleic Acid 92 parts water 2 parts Ammonium Hydroxide (28%) - 2 parts Lustrex* X-810 Mix the ammonium hydroxide and Lustrex X-810 thoroughly in the warmed water, using vigorous agitation. Mix the Aroclor 1254 and Oleic Acid, heat to 45C and agitate vigorously. Maintain the 45C temperature and agitation -- and add in tilowly the water portion. Continue agitation for one-half hour till phase inversion is complete. Emulsifiable Concentrated Stock Solutions of Aroclors 79 parts of Aroclor 16.70 parts of toluene 3.55 parts of isopropyl alcohol 1.00 parts of Sterox* CD (non-ionic emulsifier) 0.75 parts of Santomerse *3 (anionic wetting agent) The above formulation is readily emulsifiable with water. If the more resinous Aroclors are used, increase the amount of toluene (or xylene) as needed to dissolve the Aroclor resin. *Trodmrk Monianto Chomtcof Co., Rf. U. S. Pot Ofc. DS\N 3223^ 35 STLCOPCB4073962 SOLUBILITY OF AROCLORS*tN 100 MILLILITERS OF~VARIOUS~ SOLVENTS Arodor - - -- - 1242 - LI - 1248 - - 1 " -1254- _ _ .' 4465 Typo of Solvent 25*C Hot 25*C Hot 25*C Hot Cold Hot Add Acetic Acid............................ . S Oleic Acid.............................. - s _ s -S -." .-- - -i~v . S s SS -- S' - S - s s vs Benzoic Acid. rr......... -- 10.0 31*C -- 10.0 32*C --. -- z Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde___ ... 1 h |- Furfural.................................... VS r vs Amine Aniline................. . s s" Pyridine.................................... 132.530"cr 440 99C 1 -- VS | VS - "*.... .---- .-- - 1 vs ------ --- S 11431C 1 VS s 425 iooc vs vs vs I vs vs vs Chloro--derivatives Amyl chlorides--mixed........ Carbon Tetrachloride............ S S s Monochlorobenzene.............. Orthodichlorobenzene...... Tetrachlorethane................... Trichlorethane....................... ~s s -- s s s S S s s s .-- s - s S s. - S : S s s s s' : S s ss s s S' v -- s sv- s S --. ; -- . -s s -- ss S s - S . S'... . S ' -s s S' - s vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs Drying Oil Tung Oil.................................. Linseed Oil............................... ss s - _s s; s s .. s ss s -s vs vs vs vs Ester Amyl Acetate.................. ........ Butyl Acetate.......................... Cellosolve Acetate.................. Dibutyl Phthalate................... Diethyl Phthalate................... Ethyl Acetate........................... Ethyl Lactate........................... Ethylene Glycol Diacetate... Methyl Acetate........................ Tricresyl Phosphate.............. " s - s s s s s vs s -s s - s_ s s vs s -- s s 1 S S " [~ s s - s - . s .... r S S - vs - s- s s s s ' s ' " > s.`" s - s S -- s-- s-v . s s s s s _s s s s s s S -1t ~S - Ms- S-- - S- - S - . . vs s s s s s s vs s S S- s s s s s s - s- s s- s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s s Ether: Ethyl Ether...................... S s s s' S' ... : S - - : S Ether Alcohol Carbitol..................................... 224 3I*C 307 99C Cellosolve................................. Diethylene Glycol................... s -- - s- - - -- p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether... 16.9 23C 19 9V*C- vs -s -- ss. vs 173 26C -259 98"C- - -s------ s s -- .-- -- -SS ' -83<pc 10 100"C ss S s ss Hydrocarbon Kerosene................................. Paraffin..................................... Toluene..................................... Turpentine............................... Xylene...................................... vc ir V: C ' "- -' ^ .... - vs vs vs vs -1 - vs. - vs r T'- -VS - . VS - VS - vs VS vs 9.0 27.5C: S J vs . VS d vs vs i 9.0 28C --- S . n . vs vs __ s s vs vs s vs ` VS vs " vs J VS vs vs vs vs VS vs - *VS 5 VST - 5VS-. "VS -J -. vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s - <5.0 s^ s vs vs vs vs VS-: : vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs - vs Hydroxy--derivatives Amyl Alcohol................................... n-Butyl Alcohol.............................. Ethyl Alcohol (3-A)................. Glycerine....................................... .. Methyl Alcohol............................... Phenol--90%................................. 5s. Z- t w '. J Crr: ^ s s- ... -- ' ss 23.3 29*C 80.0 70*C 11 42.5 29*C 88.5 60*C 194 30*C s 1 __ -- r -. F Z--ZL 1 Z. ~ . - - s --- s s s 10 27*0 28 25*C 115 26*C 22.2 65C -- ss s s ss ss _I ss s s s I s Ketone - s * Z ' ft ...s , s -- s_. Miscellaneous Carbon-Disulfide.......-...-.. Nitrobenzene.......... ............... Water......................................... S ... s ~ _ * - ' ---* s 4--_ 11 1 s -'-S' xS-- - -s. - 11 vs vs I vs I 5460 25*C 156 143 142 178 260 i I--Maolubla S--Solubta SS--Slightly Solubta VS--Vny SolubU flgvtt Ao (win of Aroelor pof 100 nUlfiUtOfs of solvont ot 25*C unfOM offwrofto Jndicilfd. i i } DSW 322312 STLCOPCB4073963 VAPOR PRESSURE -- mm MERCURY DSW 322313 37 STLCOPCB4073964 VAPORIZATION RATES ... Sample . . '' > Wt. Loss Gms. Hours Exposure Surface Area Cm.1 Vaporization Rate gms./cm.,hr./100C Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 ~ Clorafin-42-S DOP (dioctyl phthalate) - Dutrex 25 Aroclor 1254 Dutrex 20 1 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 4465 1. Aroclor 1270 ~ Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 - Trfcresyl phosphate - - 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 - 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 . - 24 : 24 24 *^^24-. T. 48 A8r 1 : 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 , 72 - 72 24 12.28 12.28 12.28 : -12.28 ' 12.28 : 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 " - - ' . .. . - - 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 . APPROXIMATE VAPOR PRESSURES CALCULATED AT 10QO F (37.8o C) ' Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 -- . _ _. 0.005 __ 0.001 "" 0.00037 0.00006 mm. mm. mm. mm. Hg. Hg. Hg. Hg. ..." ' ' DSW 322314 38 STLCOPCB4073965 RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS TO AROCLORS --Aroclor-Number i Metals ' ' .A .... 1248 1254 4465 5460 * 25*C 125*C 25C 125*C 125C 125C ii f* Aluminum................................. .................................... R. R R j R.... - RR :' "RR CopperT-T. .'.T. ..77717................................... ......i. R D R D D D Mfl^ncsium. -- RR - R R R RR RR Nickol RR R R - RR RR R Silver........................ ................................................l;z R R R R R R R :: R R R R R R R R R R RR Mild Steel.............................. ..................................^ RR R RR RR R RR Phosphor Bronze........................... .............. ............7:--- R D R R R R Red Brass............................ ..................................... ^ 0 - D R 0 R De Stainless Steel (Type316).................................. RR RR RR RR RR RR Yellow Brass.............;................................................ . R - Re R De Re Re Plastics .. Alkyd Resin No. 46594-12........................................ Alkyd Resin No. 46594-13A.................................... Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos).................................... ..Durite Phenol Furfural Resin........................ _.......... -. Formvar Highly Plasticized........................................ . Formvar Low Plasticized.............................................. Glyptat 1276......:...............7................... Glyptal 7136........................................................ ......... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13B................... .................. Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C...................................... . Plexiglas (Methyl Methacrylate)................................. Polystyrene (Lustron B).................................... Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin................... Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine Resin.............. Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.......... Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde... Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde................. Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.j.77............ -. ' ; P *- P D P D ^P *D . P De T PS T RP *D - T P .P PP D P PT *D *P D P *D D *0- P ft) D *D P - .. P- P D P DP *R -- P Pe T PS ___ T__. ,, 0P R T P P *R P D P PT *R R R D *D D *0 _*R *D . D *D P . 1P P PP PP DP TT T____ T PP TT P ,P PP PP TT P D RP RP DP D P PP Manning of Abbreviations.:______ - ----- - ^--'ftaaad on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. ' - ftR--Eicellant retiitanee--(ess than i.O a 10"* cm/day penetration or .00014 in/yr. --Qood resistance--hat penetration between 1.0 10"* and 10 s 10"* cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. ~ ~ * D--Oouhtful raaiatanca. penetration between 10 a 10"* em/day and 100 a 10"* cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.0M In/yr.* " M--foor resistance--penetration greater then 100* 10"* cm/day or 0.014 In/yr. iC ` " W--foor resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance. ^- ____ ____ . Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated If totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T--Material alone will not stand temperature. DSW 322315 39 STLCOPCB4073966 v is c o s ity , s y b 6 l t u n iv e r s a l sec o n d s* VISCOSITY RANGES OF SOME OF~THE AR^OCLORS' DSW 322316 STLCOPCB4073967 I DENSITIES OF AROCLORS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 TEMPERATURE OEGREES C i.-x MV .' .. ^ - ' - V`-i*1 jU1. . ' . - ~i"- ' ' ' . `. . -.-. ' .;'..v '.. T.-.'* ;! -T . ./- J- :.' y. ;y 'V;rvt'`.' -'..'V- *;'-'|.i>:;. - S `. - A-- '.A' V ' *-* #. \ > ' \ n. ~ OIL h - '' '' STLCOPCB4073968 *-+> S: 7.* " - /- ' * . c- , :^t.;-...i-Vt.,-,,^? y-'f<. _ig>*;- At ordinary temperatures Aroclors have not presented industrial toxicological problems. Where Aroclor vapors may be en countered in workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is recommended. Skin patch tests with a polyvinyl chloride free film plasticized with 11.5% by weight of Aroclor 1254 (about 25% based on the weight of the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalate showed that this film was not a primary irritant or a sensitizer. Skin patch tests with Aroclor 1254 alone applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17% by weight of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately 7% by weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce a primary irritancy or sensitization of the skin. ^ If Aroclors are spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual maimer with soap solutions. If accidental bums occur from contact with hot Aroclors, the bum should be treated the same as any ordinary bum. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the bum demands it, in which case use soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil. ^ DSW 322318 42 '" STLCOPCB4073969 fire retardant inert ' shear resistant heat stable - lubricating aroclors for physically "adjustable" adhesive non-volatile low cost thermoplastic FILM FORMING IMPREGNATING INSULATING HEAT TRANSFER DEDUSTING INERT MATRIXES PLASTICIZING BULKING COATING "TACKIFYING" REDUCING VOLATILITY Aroclors are the only low cost, inert, inter-com patible liquids and solids whose intermixing can provide insulating, lubricating, fire retardant liquids ranging from the consistency of light mineral oil to the most viscous syrup (or solid resin) which will do so many jobs in industry. Division 800 North Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis 66, Missouri The information in this bulletin is, to our best knowledge, true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guerantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. The Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred in con nection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. DSW 322319 43 STLCOPCB4073970 J St. Louis 66, Missouri ii! ( ) I DSW 322320 ' STLCOPCB4073971