Document wgOkqa7yEKN25K7VLdpD8OMDD

ENGINEERING. CONTENTS. p,0. The Treaty, allow* Great Britain 146,800 ton* The Works of Messrs. David Brown and Sons of oruisers with guns of more than 6-Lin. Otness for Publication and Advertisements, (Huddersfield), Limited (/(/Us.).................... 559 calibre, so long as the total number of units doe* 35 and 36, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.3. Literature - Gaseous Combustion at High Pres not exoeod 16: the actual position is as follows: We desire to call the at tent loo of our reader* to the fact that the above le our 80LB ADDRR90, and that do coooectloo exist* between this Journal and any other publication* bearing somewhat similar title* TcttoRsraio V* ENGINEERING," WESTRAND, Address j LONDON. Tei-Epbok* Nomrer- TEMPLE BAH 3663 (2 lines). sures. The Principles of Metallurgy. Worked Examples in Electrical Technology. Die Deuts- chen Gewindetoleranten . . 561 The Re-Girdering of the Ioer Sons Bridge; East Indian State Railway (IUut.) . . . 662 The Properties of Permalloy C. (/((us.) . . , . 667 I he Late Mr. M. E. Unwin......................................... 668 Italian Flotilla Leader " Nicoloso da Itecco" 668 Diagrams of Three Months' Fluctuations in the Eleven 10,000-ton oruisers are actually built and in service, and to these must be added the four ship* of the Effingham olaas, which mount 7'5-in. gun*, and are therefore included in the category. The combined tonnage of these vessel* is 146,800 the exact figure in the Treaty- but' as the two Norfolk* (20,000 tons), and the York and Exeter (16.800 tons) are nearing completion, it is evident SUBSCRIPTIONS, HOME AND FOREIGN. " ENGINEERINGM may be ordered from sny newsagent in town and country and at railway book stalls, or it can be supplied by the Publisher, poet free, at the following rates, fur twelve month*, payable in advance For the United Kingdom . 3 6 0 For Canada- Prices of Metals . ........................ . 668 Labour Notes . . .. . . 669 Governor Gear for High-Speed Reciprocating . Steam Engine (/(/us.). .... .. . 670 T he Purification of Bauxite . . . . 671 Ltltere to the Editor.- Boiler Peak loads Creaking in Passenger Ship* .. .......... . . 571 Engineering Training and Education ......................... 672 Tender . . ............................................ ... 572 that we have an exoeaa.of these ship*, whioh will not be completely eliminated by putting the Effingham and Frobisher out of service, a* provided for in Article 18. It would be useless to anticipate what measures the Admiralty will propose for reducing our heavy cruiser fleot to the figures provided for in the Treaty. Subsection 2 of Article 16 allow* eaoh signatory to dispose of excess tonnage Thin paper copies .. . . > IS - 6 Books Received .................... . . ...... 572 Thick paper copies . . 3 3 0 Notes from Cleveland and the Northern Counties . 672 For all other places abroad Notes from South Yorkshire . . .. .. . . 572 Thin paper copies . Thick paper copies fl3 3 0 . 3 7 Notes from the South-West ........... .................... 573 j Notes froni the North........................................... . . . 573 Foreign and Colonial subscribers receiving incom , Notices of Meetings............................................................673 plete copies through newsagents are requested to The Treaty of Naval Limitation..................................... 675 communicate the fact to the Publisher, together with The Tranmere Bay Boiler Explosion ...................... 677 the agent's name and address. Mineral Dust in Factories . . . .... 577 Notes 578 When foreign subscriptions sre sent by Post Office The Institution of Mechanical Engineers . . 579 Orders, advice should be sent to the Publisher. A Skyscraper Survey . . . . 681 " gradually," and the Government will presumably explain how this artiole will be put into operation when they announoe their programme. . The Treaty allow* us 192,200 tons of cruisers with guns of 6* 1-in., or less, and we actually posses* only . 177,686. There1 is . thus an actual shortage of rather over 14,000 tons ; but this is a small matter oompared with the prospective short age, which oan most easily be described by a tabular statement. ~ ADVERTISEMENT RATES. The charge for advertisements classified under the Headings of Appointments Open, Situations Wanted, Tenders, Ac., it four ahillinga for the first four lines, or under, and one shilling per line up to one inch The line averages 'seven words When an advertise ment measures sn inch or more the charge is 12s. per inch. Payment must accompany all orders for single advertisements, otherwise their insertion csnnot be guaranteed. Terms for displsyed advertisements on tbs wrapper and on the inside pages may be obtained The Iron and Steel Institute . ......................... 582 2-6 2 Type Tank locomotive, I<ondon, Midland and Scottish Railway (IUui.) ... 682 launches and Trial Trip* 682 Normalising and Box-Annealing of Sheets (/((us.) 683 Airship Mooring-Strain'lndicator (/((us.) : . 684 The Distribution of Steam in Large Factories (Illut.) 686 Portable Rail-Sawing Machine (/((us.). . ..... 688 Developments in Fuel Economy at Skinningrove (///us ) . . .... 688 The Northern Coke Research Committee ............. 590 Catalogues . 690 Year. CmU eanrrvclooentorting Tonnage. 1931 1032 19S3 1934 1930 Dartmouth ^ Nom .. 2 Blrailngh*! / S Caroline* \ J Cambrian* .. Brlabane S Cambrianx 2 Centaur* Total No. of nolu 16 4.800 10 240 (1,685 11.700 5.120 11,740 , 8.240 Total too tug* 08,006 on application. The pages are 12 in. deep and 9 in. Four One-Paoe Plates - THE IYORKS OP MESSRS. wide, divisible into four columns of 21 in. in width. Serial advertisements will be inserted with all practic able regularity, but absolute regularity cannot be guaranteed. HA VW BROWN AN D SON 8(HUDDERSFIELD)* LIMITED. THE RKQIRDERINO OF THE LOWER SONF. BRIDGE; EAST INDIAN STATE RAILWAY. . The actual and prospective shortages in these light oruisers amounts in all to about 18 units, and to nearly 78,000 tons. , At the present moment the designs and tonnage of the vessel* which are to 'TIME FOR RECEIPT OF ADVERTISEMENTS. replaoe these 6-in. gun oruisers are matter* of the Advertisement* lotsnded for ln**rtlon In the current week's issa* mast b* d*liv*r*d not UUr than First Post on Thursday. In consequence of the necessity of going to pros* early with a portion of the edition, alterations for standing advertisements should be received 10 dsys previous to the dey of publication. ENGINEERING FRIDAYt MAY 2, 1930. Vol. CXXIX. No. 3355. merest oonjeoture. Sinoe the Washington Treaty was signed, the Admiralty have built nothing but heavy 10,000 ton vessels ; it was only in 1930, after the failure of the Geneva conference, that designs were prepared for vessels which were somewhere laconically described as " under 7,000 tons." A somewhat intricate strategical question will domi All accounts are payable to "ENGINEERING," I.td Cheques should be crossed " The National Provincial Bank, Limited, Charing Cross Branch " Post Oflice Orders should be made payable at Itcdford Street, Strand, W.C 2. THE TREATY OF NAVAL LIMITATION; It would not be difficult to critioise both the general principle* and the details of the Naval Treaty between this country, the United States and Japan, which has just been signed, but it is evident that nate the programme for repUcing these 6-in. gun cruiser*. It has frequently been said that they are required for defending sea-borue commerce. This is rather vague language, which requires explana tion. If the attack whioh these new cruisers will have to parry is attack by aurfaoe vessels, then AGENTS FOR " ENGINEERING." it would be fruitless to do *. Fublio opinion has they will be engaged on suob work as was performed endorsed the Treaty, notwithstanding its obvious by old " County " cruiser* during the war. The AisTSittii OorJoo nJ Ootch, I Iciilted, Melbourne ; Sydoajr ; Hrlabaa*. Perth Angui sod RoLtrUoo. limited. Sydney; NSW. 1 WlllmeU and Company, Tovuvllle. North Queeoalaod W l\ lUrfl-y, Adelaide, South Australia Melville and Mutlen. Melbourne, Victoria DklOtC*. Dfuaacla : fc F Satchell. 80, Rue du Tabellloo Casaoa. Toronto. 2. Ont : Wm I>awaoo Subacrlptloo Service Limited 01-03. Queen street. Fait DCNMaSK. Copenhagen : Keat-Jcr.aen and Conipany, Veeter }arlmat^aJe 22 Rdirbcbou ; John Menilee and Company, l imited, Roae street PaiHCl. Parla : Rlcour, Chcvlllet et Cle 22. Rue de la Danqua weaknease* ; the opposition Press has not attacked principal duty will be to patrol those focal areas it; the Parliamentary opposition shows no inclina which raiders are bound to visit sooner or later. tion to contest its ratification by Parliament; and A* oruiaer design bas never corresponded exactly nobody who has any knowledge of English publio to the strategical duties which cruisers have to life can doubt the implications of this friendly perform, it i* not possible to say what design would reception. It may safely be assumed that the be most suitable to a focal point cruiser. Most pro Treaty will be made operative, and that such bably, however, the Admiralty's traditional love criticism as is directed against it will be disregarded i of speed and guns will influence the design, and in the country and ignored by Parliament. In the if the new cruisers sre built solely for work on the UtiKaRT : Hermann Fromfti. I utiowitraaae. 84. Rerlia. W.85 GuDO* : William Love. 221, Argyle etreet' John Menilee and Con>pny, Limited, West Nile etreet ROLLiKD. Rotterdam : H A Kramer and Soo. Limited Impis. Calcutta : Thacker, Spink and Company. Hombey : 7 hacker and Conipany, Limited iTaLY: U. Hoepll. Milan Anonlma Llbrarla Itallaoa. Torino and any poat office JiFiV, Toklo: Maruian Conipany, Limited, and all branch** circumstances, it is best to steer midway between defence routes they will displaoe about 7,000 tons insipid applause and criticism to which nobody is and carry from 10-in. to 12-6-in. guns. If it is inclined to listen, and to review the practical decided to build this class of vessel in replacement consequences of the Treaty dispassionately ahd of the Cambrians, Centaurs and Caroline*, which calmly. 1 are falling out of date ao f^st, then eleven new The first and most important of alt these conse units will make good the total shortage of 78,000 quences is that the Admiralty must devise; and thV tons, and we may expeot the Admiralty to announoe LlfBSROOL: Mra Taylor, Landing Stages MaHOBSSTSB : John Ileywood. limited. 143. l>eanagate New ZtaliMD: Oordon and Ootch, Llndted. Wellington, Auckland and Chrlitchurch NoswiT. Oslo: Cammeruieyer'a Boghtndel, Carl Johans Oede, Government approve of, a building programme which will maintain the Fleet at the strength provided for by the Treaty ; for it can hardly be supposed that the Government intend to follow a polioy of that at least two new keels will be laid down yearly. This estimate is, however, made upon the assump tion that the Admiralty oontemplate defending trade only against surface attaok. The assumption 41 and 43. - Soctm AralCi : Central Nea Agency, limited Head Office Johannaaburg ; and Pretoria, Cape Town. Pori fcJlntxth, Bloemfontein, Durban and various branches and book stalls throughout South Africa Wm Dawson and Soo, (South Africa), Llndted, 29. long-atreet. Capetown TattfiKli : Gordon and Ootch, I.lmlla-1. Launceston. Hobart. reducing the Fleet by deterioration and by treaty at one and the aame time. We propoee, therefore, to examine what replacements will be necessary during the six years in which the Treaty will be operative. As these replacements will have to be is rather a big one. The Naval Staffs of every nation in the world know that British commerce oan only be effectively attacked by submarine* operating without restriction, and presumably the civilian governments, whom the Naval-Staff*-advise, are Ur it so Sr at as. Ne* York : For subscriptions. Ihe International made in each of the claases of vessel catalogued in well aware of it also. As our weakness is so generally New* Company, III. Vartck aUeat J, 8 AUaa. 19. CorUandt iLrwat. For edverUaemanU. I Artiole 16, we may deal with eaoh in turn. known, it is most hatardoos to imagine that the May 2, 1930.] ENGINEERING. 577 settle, oaa see none in prospect, and are confident course, the benefit of the evidence in full, and we MINERAL DUST IN FACTORIES. that if they arise they will be settled before they have provoked dangerous national passions, they are quite entitled to regard these good and friendly relations as the equivalent of a certain amount of do not know how it was led, or whether carrying one or another part a little further, or a somewhat different handling of witnesses, might or might not have put a very different oomplexion on some of The inconvenience of dust in industryvaries greatly with the nature of the work that ia being carried on, and of the material from whioh the dust is made. Any form of dust, for instance, is pestilent in the protective military force. Now the outstanding fact in AnqlO'Frenoh relations during the last ten years is that the vituperations of some part of the French Prees against Great Britain, has not embittered the relations between the two Governments. From this the points. We are, however, well aware that such inquiries, conducted after the legal manner, have not infrequently in the past arrived at con clusions whioh have greatly reduced the value of the investigation from the practical viewpoint. ; manufacture of photographic plates, and any form of abrasive dust is bad for machinery. This much knowledge is of old standing, but it is only in com paratively recent years that particular knowledge has begun to be acquired about the effect of a dusty it is safe to assume that if peaceful relations between | One cannot help feeling that the oaae has been ! atmosphere on thoee who work in it. For some the two countries are ever endangered, the disturbing ! put in the worst light possible. We have very time past it has been established that the inhalation influence will more probably be a question of high frequently referred to the excellent work of the of dust may cause not only dinewe of the lungs and politics than an outburst of popular indignation Manchester Steam Users' Association, whose former of the bronchial passages, but also looal alterations at some inoident wbioh excitee the antagonism chief engineer has made many valuable contribu of their tissues, the most important of which is the of the two nations. In other words, the provocation tions to engineering knowledge. The accident in formation of fibrous tissue in the plaoe of the air will come from above rather than from below. question is the first, we understand, in the 75 years' oells, whereby often the patient becomes much To proclaim urbi et orbi that the French building history of the Association, and it seems to us quite more ausoeptible to phthisis. In each of the indus programme " affected the requirements of our illogical for this reason to place so much blame tries in which suoh results of the inhalation of national security " would be a very serious matter. personally upon the shoulders of Dr. Telford Petrie, dust have been traced more particularly, the dust Any British Government, whatever its political who only took charge as chief engineer six months by which the injury was produced was some form complexion might be, would hesitate to announce or so before the event under discussion. This is of free crystalline silica, while some other forms that France and Great Britain are naval rivals; all the more so when we note that the Commissioners of industrial dust could not produoe similar effect*. any French Government would be willing to believe that the corrosion started soon after the Of late, however, evidenoe baa appeared that the reconsider a policy which was provoking the erection of the boiler in 1905, and that for some dust formed in the treatment of asbestos produces British Government to take so serious a step. time the boiler had been working in a dangerous effects which are generally similar to those arising The probability is, therefore, that there will be state. from the silioa-laden dust.. The fibrous formations some slight readjustments in the French programme; It is quite unlikely that if oorroeion had are not precisely the same, and they appear to that the British Government will be satisfied ; and: thus been proceeding slowly for a long period, it develop more rapidly, though adding leas to the that British public opinion will not be alarmed! should have been latterly so accelerated as to patient's - susceptibility to phthisis. After careful by the presence of a powerful French force on| develop to a dangerous state only, or mainly, enquiries, in faot, asbeetoeis haa been added to the southern side of the Channel, so long as the I during Dr. Petrie's short term of offioe. Further, ailioosis as an occupational disease arising from relations between the two countries continus on few large businesses nowadays expect a chief working in dusty surroundings, and in a report just their present footing. A deterioration in thoee to concern himself with details of every part of issued by the Home Offioe on Effects of Asbestos Dust relations is, in fact, more likely to put Article 21 his work. With the size to whioh organisations on the Lungs, and Dust Suppression in the Asbestos of the Treaty into operation than an increase in now extend, any such process is unworkable in most Industry (H.M. Stationery Office, price Is. 3d. net), French naval strength, which the British public industries, and we do not imagine that boiler Dr. B. R. A. Merewether, M.D., and Mr. C. W. Price, may not have expected, but to which they may inspection is any exception. In order that work respectively medical and engineering Inspectors of well become accustomed. may proceed in any business, a certain* amount of Factories, describe the results of an extensive in authority has to be delegated, and, for the chiefs vestigation carried out during the year 1928 and THE TRANMERE BAY BOILER PLOSION. EX to have time to give to the exercise of control and the direction of policy, it is essential that some 1929. ` While the effect of the report is not such as to balance be struck in these matters. While, there osuse panic, and in Dr. Merewether's opinion the Thk report of the Commissioners appointed under fore, we do not argue that the Association is free outlook for preventive measures is such that in the Boiler Exploaion Acts of 1882 and 1890, to from blame, the personal responsibility of a rela 10 years or so their energetio application should investigate the cause of the boiler explosion which tively new chief engineer strikes us aa in quite produoe a great reduction in the incidence of the ocourred at the Tranmere Bay Works of Messrs. another light than that whioh has been put upon disease, the results reoorded seem to leave no Cammell Laird and Company, Limited, on April 11, it in this report. doubt that, as Sir Gerald Bellhouse observes in 1929, has recently been published, and demands) With regard to general conditions, it* is to be submitting the report, the disease itself is serious, some notice. ; inferred from the "'report that thongh Messrs. snd the necessity for suppressing the dost from Stated briefly, the boiler which exploded was of Cammell Laird tested this boiler after re-tubing in whioh it arises has only recently been appreciated. the Stirling type, and the failure was obviously j 1916, it was not ao tested after the process had Its seriousness is the greater for the reason that due to the wastage of the plating of one of the1 been repeated in 1928. This point is not brought has prevented it from attracting notice till recently. lower drums. The end of this drum was enclosed out by the Commissioners, nor is any suggestion Although asbestos has been known and worked by brickwork, whioh. owing to the conditions of mmU by them that the brickwork might very ainoe the time of the ancients, yet it is only in the the site, below ground and between two docks, well have been cleared at that time for a complete last 40 years or so that it bos been worked com wss liable to damp. The boiler was built about inspection. The Commissioners relieve .the owners mercially to an appreciable extent, and it is less than 1906. Till 1914 it was inspected by Messrs. of all blame, as may be technically their due, under 30 years since the great expansion of the industry Cammell Laird themselves, but at that date the the terms of the insurance, but, with their intimate began. Even now it is not a large industry. responsibility under the Factory Act was trans knowledge of the installation, it seems curious, since Apart from the considerable number of workers ferred to the Manchester Steam Users' Association. thoy are deemed competent and responsible, that exposed to the influence of mixed dust, of which It appears that the boiler was re-tubed and tested it did not strike someone at the works that an asbestos forms only a part and often only a minor hydraulically in 1916, and was again re-tubed in hydraulic test after the second re-tubing might part, it is estimated that the number of persons in 1928. The last certificate was given on Decem have been advisable, or that the brickwork, being this country who are exposed in their daily work to ber 17, 1928, and a further one was ready for issue liable to damp, was likely to encourage exterior the inhalation of asbestos dust is not more than at the time of the explosion based on an examina corrosion. There is no evidenoe, in foot, that this about 2,200. This in itself is a number large enough tion about a fortnight before the boiler ocourred to anyone until the fact was noted in the to indicate the necessity of taking precautions failed. It is to be noted that, in connection with inspector's report of 1928. In their own interests, against exposing such workers to any serious occu this Isst examination, on April 2, the inspector it may reasonably be supposed, that, if conditions pational disease, and it haa also to. be borne in mind suggested that " while he did not see any special were so obviously unsuitable as the Commissioners i that this number has been reached by a prooees of need for stripping " the brickwork, he reoommended state, the owners might have been expected to j rapid growth in the industry, which is likely to go that this should be done, as the boiler was getting draw the special attention of the Association to the considerably further. In the motor, electrical, old snd the brickwork was damp. opportunity whioh re-tubing in 1928 gave, for the engineering and building industries the uses and The Commissioner*' report plaoee the blame for removal of any neoeasary brickwork, Ao. Takfn as applicability of asbestos tare being increasingly the occurrence on the Manchester Steam Users' a whole, the facts brought out by the inquiry recognised, its value and convenience as an Association, together with Dr. Petrie, its Chief suggest that oertain features have been construed | ingredient of heat-insulating covering seems likely Engineer, and Mr. Ogden, of his office. The latter was by the Commissioners in the worst sense, and ^at to cause an enhanoed demand for it with the in responsible for the inspector's report, referred points which are clear enough to them with thftir creasing attention that ia now being paid to the to above, without instituting further action, but it will present full knowledge, and on which they have inwniM-fcinn of plant in the interest of fuel economy. be noted that the wording is not such as necessarily expressed themselves very decidedly, were not so There seems reason, therefore, to believe that the to imply the need of immediate proceedings. The either to the owners, even when they inspected the industry is likely to undergo muoh further develop report, ss set out, constitutes a somewhat serious boiler themselves, ok to the insurance company or ment, partly perhaps in the methods and plant indictment against the individuals named and the its agents subsequently. applied in its technical processes, snd partly also in Association, but it is possible, as has been known So far as the Association is concerned, it enjoys the enlargement and sometimes the rehousing of to happen in such cases, that, had the inquiry too high a reputation for ns to be convinced by its ftAnting plant. The time is, therefore, opportune been in really technical hands, other fsots would such a report that it is not competent to choose for considering what measures are neoeasary to have been given weight which would go to show suitable officials for its staff, and the Commissioners' enable valuable industry to be carried on with some of the remarks specially selected for criticism, criticisms will probably be s--wsecH at a reasonable out ftAAiwg to the number of those who suffer from in a rather different aspect. We have not, of figure in competent circles. . occupational diseascsi 57 ENGINEERING. [May 2, 1930. The suppression of dust has already been recog obtained from inspectors who present themselves, last. At these functions, os is known, it is not the nised as the indispensable means of solving problems like policemen and. tax gatherers, for the purpose custom to adhere quite so rigidly to the formality of health and sometimes of efficiency in many indus of forcing manufacturers to do what they do not which is supposed generally to add dignity to tries. In the manufacture of asbestos it is attended think is necessary or desirable. It seems reasonable occasions of the kind, though, on the other hand, with a peculiar difficulty, arising from the nature of to hope that the improvement which this co-opera the body has customs of its own by which it sets the material. Asbestos is a term applied to a variety tion should effect would in itself go a long way to great store. The toast of the evening was '`The of minerals, which mostly differ from each other in induce the example of the firms who took part in Great Adventurers of Engineering," proposed by their physical properties to such an extent that for it to be followed by others, and would reduce the Mr. B. E. Dunbar Kilburn, and replied to by the some purposes it is necessary that they should be probably small number of instances in which it might President. Mr. Dunbar Kilburn recalled how many blended. Not only for this reason, but also because be considered necessary to apply the much less satis of the early adventurers in engineering had worked the fibres of which all kinds of asbestos minerals ai factory method of compulsion. By its constitution out their ideas without public encouragement. He composed owe some part of their technical value 1 and functions the Faotory. Department of the Home thought that in their President they had a worthy their fineness and flexibility. These fibres have to be Office is in an exceptionally good position to be successor to the long list who had held office before separated out before manufacture, and their struc of use in such co-operation. Each industry knows Sir Ernest Moir. Sir Ernest had had to act as a ture is such that they seem able to divide longi I1its own difficulties, and probably knows them better pioneer in many directions during his career, as tudinally to an indefinite extent, and thus when than they are known to factory inspectors. Of the had now been to some extent put on record in the broken to produce dust of extraordinary fineness. difficulties of other industries, on the other hand, address he gave some time ago before the Institu The observations included in the report show, for it has far less precise knowledge, and conceivably tion. Sir Ernest Moir, replying, admitted that he instance, that a majority of particles of asbestos the experience of practically all industries which is bad had to play the part of adventurer. He had, dust floating in the air are not larger than a five- centralised in the Factory Department might be of he said, also been driven to do things himself which, hundredth of a millimeter, and many are as small value in applying tbe methods that have been found if he had been only a little bolder, he would have as a two-thousandth. It is said, therefore, that successful in one industry to an unsolved difficulty deputed to others. He was fortunate in having respirators, apart from their discomfort and the of another. In the present report, for example, it been able to combine his adventures with not a difficulty in inducing workers to wear them for any appears that little or no use has been made of vacuum little profit. The engineer was greatly indebted length of time, are unable to arrest the finest oleaning methods for the cleaning of works, to other sciences, and the medical work which partioles of dost, and at best can only be regarded as machinery and saoka. It is pointed out, however, had rendered many of their schemes possible was a second line of defenoe. Reliance has ac6prdingly that in other classes of work, such, for example, as as much pioneering as anything. Lord Cowdray to be placed on arrangements for dealing with the eleotrio cable factories, portable vacuum seta are was a great adventurer. There were pioneers in dust at a greater distance from the worker, and the constantly used with great advantage. How this finance, and all needed to go forward together. The recommendations with which the report concludes collective experience might be mobilised on occasion toast of " The Institution " was proposed by Major show that the proceeses both of the direct treatment for use when it was required without overburdening A. M. Kerr, of the Imperial War Museum, and re of the material and of the use of ventilation for factory inspectors by invoking it needlessly, might plied to by Mr. Stanley. Dunlop, Chairman of the controlling the dust are in many respects similar to perhaps be a matter of some difficulty. It seems, Institution, who spoke of its members Empire those found in other industries. The chief measure however, to deserve consideration, if, indeed, it has building abroad. With Sir Ernest Moir presiding, hitherto adopted is the application of efficient not already received it. Mr. F. Palmer, Sir Brodie Henderson and Sir H. G. localised exhaust ventilation at dust-producing Lyons present as guests, the reflection of the Institu points. Though it is described as the most generally applicable, it has not been applied as yet to hand work, and only to some machines and appliances. . NOTES. `M Mmmobial to Mattemw Mimsur. tion upon work abroad is evident. In fact, many of the elders present felt that by their attendance they were benefiting themselves as much as en In others the nature of the process and machinery Thi labour of love, whioh was undertaken to joying hospitality as guests, living over again some presents apeoial difficulties. The substitution of provide a fitting memorial to Matthew Murray, of the incidents of their earlier work and imbibing enclosed mechanical methods for hand conveyors who has been justly called " The Father of Leeds during the evening some of the spirit which keeps and for dusty handwork generally is desirable Engineering,'* has now been successfully completed. the Institution and its members young in spite of wherever it can be applied, whioh at present does The. efforts of those responsible have resulted advancing years. ^ not seem to be ss often as oould be wished. The effective enclosure of dust-producing machines and plant, and the substitution of wet methods for dry, are also measures whioh it is considered might be adopted to a greater extent than they are. Apart from the elimination or modification of certain machines, which at present produce much uncon trollable dust, the utmost possible abandonment of settling chambers in manufacturing processes, the separation of dust-producing processes from others, so as to limit the number of workers exposed to them, and tbe wide spacing of dust-producing machines so as to reduce the concentration of dust in the air of the workroom as a whole, are among the other measures recommended. Many of these pre cautions are linked up with the efficiency of the general exhaust ventilation, and some of them, such as damping floors and benches, cannot yield their full benefit unless they are supplemented by efficient oleaning of the workshop. in the distribution of over 2,700 oopies of the Matthew Murray book, which was reviewed in Lamotatsd Arch Dams with Forked Abutments. EKonruBDCo on February 22, 1929, to the libraries In a paper published under the above title in of Leeds and of the principal cities of Great Britain, the Proceedings of the American Society of Civil as well as to most of the leading engineering Engineers, Dr. F. A. Noetzli suggests a new type institutions. A special gif? by Lord Brotherton also of arched dam, the main distinguishing feature of enabled 900 copies of this book to be presented which is that the arch is built up of separate rings to soholars of the higher forms of the secondary somewhat in the same way as were the brick over schools in Leeds, who were invited to write essays: bridges of Brunei, though the successive rings are on the pioneer, with which it dealt, and prizes much thickek and an of concrete instead of brick. were awarded for the result. In addition, many Thus constructed the dam is much lees stiff In oopies have been purchased by engineering firms, the vertical plane than a monolithio dam of equal fluid a satisfactory number have been sold through total thickness. By this artifice the serious bending booksellers. Further, a bronze plaque, which was stresses in the vertical plane are much diminished, described in ERontURCfo of May 17, 1929, has as also the stresses due to temperature changes and been erected on the site of the works of Messrs. to shrinkage. In the central plane the arch profile Fenton, Murray and Wood, in Water-lane, Holbeck, leans downstream, so that a plumb line dropped large framed photographs of which plaque have from the downstream face of the crest would fall been presented to the Institutions of Civil and clear of the bottom by several feet. In this way Meohflurical Engineers, the National Union of the maximum radius of the arch is materially Railwayman, the Engineering Department of Leeds leesened. The abutments constitute another speoial Though the problems that are intended to be solved by measures such as these are not new, but University, the. Leeds Technical College, and to several museums abroad. " Matthew Murray " feature of the new dam. They are forked in plan, and made sufficiently long to reduce very consider occur repeatedly in a great variety of industries, prizes to the amount of 61. are being awarded at ably the maximum span of the arch at creet level. they present themselves even in the asbestos indus-, try in many different circumstances. This may have the end of this session to day and evening students in engineering at the Leeds Technical In the concluding section of his paper Dr. Noetzli describes a remarkable dam now under construction something to do with the fact that general exhaust College and at theJunior Technical School, Holbeck, in Franoe, on the Dordogne River at Marege. In ventilation does not seem to be as effective as and will be continued from, year to year, as funds this case, in order to avoid the heavy secondary might have been expected. The intervention of the allow. Arrangements are being made for replicas stresses associated with a thick arch, there is a Factory Department of the Home Offloe along the linea on whioh its work seems usually to be con ducted ought to be of considerable assistance to the of the models of the Murray locomotive, and the Blenkinsop rack rail now in the Science Museum, London, to be for the Museum of Peaceful succession of five arch dams, some 60 ft. to 70 ft. apart. Of these the crest of the higheet is 229*6 ft. above bed leveL It has a uniform thickness of efforts of the industry to put its factories in order Arts, New York, and probably also for the Leeds 3*94 ft. About 60 ft. downstream of this arch in this important respect. The report gives many Museum, while replicas of the rail have already dam is another, 183*7 ft. high and 4-43 ft. thick. examples of energetic measures taken by individual firms, experimentally and otherwise, to obtain a satisfactory solution, and in this, as in other indus been supplied to four other museums. ThA so much has been dons in a manner, which Murray liim--tlf would have approved, is largely owing to The space between the two is kept filled with water, so that the effective head on the upper dam is only 46 *9 ft. Below the second dam is a third, 137*8 ft. tries, the Department appears to be working on the assumption that manufacturers are themselves no leas anxious to have their works as healthy and as safe as they oan be made than the Department is to see that they are so. This assumption is un doubtedly correct in regard to the great majority the energy of the and general honorary secretary of the Fund, Mr. E. Kilburn Soott, to whom .the of all those, who.desire that the memory of pioneers in engineering should be fittingly honoured, are due. high and 4*32 ft. thick. This is followed by a fourth, 91*6 ft. high and 4*43 ft. The last of the series is 45*93 ft. and 3*94 ft. thiok. Auto matic arrangements are provided to ensure that the interspaces between each successive pair of Hama is kept full of water. Before the plans for of the most enlightened and successful firms, and it Jumoa Itfsnnmczr or Ewodimbs. this dam were finally passed tests were mode on a seems likely that oo-operation between the Depart The typical " Junior ** atmosphere pervaded the model, to a scale of tv, which was loaded with ment and such firms would yield results not to be rimiw presided over by Sir Ernest Moir on Friday mercury. .