Document wg3DoRgkrq5664Y33GrL6wpDB

Bulletin No. 83? September 15, 1341 Industrial Curses t "Trained Attendants" A person employed by industrial plants to practice nursing: under the direction of a licensed physician is required to be licensed as a regis tered nurse (R.N.) or as a trained attendant (I.A.). Connecticut licensing requirements are as follows: A. The graduate nurse having completed a courso in an accredited school of nursing may be licensed 1. By examination in Connecticut; or 2. Without examination in Connecticut if nor course in nursing equals that sot up in this state, and he or she has been licensed by examination in sens other state. B. The trained attendant may apply for licensing 1. By examination if he or she has completed a one year course accredited by the -Board of Examiners for Nursing; or 2. Without examination if he or she has completed an ac credited course for trained attendant work in another state and is licensed there under a similar title; or 3. BY WAIVER (UNTIL AAY, 1343) I? Ha OR SHE (a) HAS HAD THREE YEARS RESIDENCE IN CONNECTICUT, (b) HAS HAD THREE C-R LORE YEARS Or EXPERIENCE IN THE CARE OF THE SICK,' AND (c) IS CITIZEN OF IKE UNITED STATES OR HAo DnaL.-a\r.D I. :l a ployed cortifi cured f Connect Attention is called to the last section, in order that these em- do industrial nursing who are r.ct new licensed may become properly for same. Applieatic ; blanks cr further infcrm&tion may be se- i the Beard of Examine 3 for Nursing, State Office Building, Hartford, >ut bo ac answer any questions A-1759 CO Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS . ' N(< LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ^ MEDICAL ENGINEERING ! i CHEMICAL ! TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL decisions end trend* it j SEPTEMBER, 1952 (Vo1. 16, No. 9) ( INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA. PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT FOUNDATION FACTS Foundation Pacts is a monthly news-letter Issued to industrial concerns holding membership in Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation is a nonprofit association of industries for the advancement of healthful working conditions. Volume 14 September, 1952 No. 9 KEYNOTE SPEAKER Mr. L. R. Boulware, Vice President of General Electric Company, will be the keynote speaker at the 17th Annual Meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation. His address will be given on November 20 at the General Meeting, which emphasizes management aspects. Mr. Boulware has taken a keen inter est in the welfare of employees both in the plant and in the community. NEW ADDITIONS TO FOUNDATION MEMBERSHIP The following companies have recently affiliated with the Foundation: Cobalt Chemicals Limited Kennametal, Inc. Eaton Manufacturing Company Michigan Iron & Coke Company Warner Company STAFF MEMBERS' ATTEND SARANAC SYMPOSIUM The Seventh Saranac Symposium is being held September 22-26 at The Saranac Laboratory of the Edward L. Trudeau Foundation, Saranac Lake, N. Y. Two of the Foundation's Staff Members will attend. T. F. Hatch, Laboratory Director, wi}l serve as Chairman of a discussion on "The Inhalation of Certain Industrial Substances, " at the Monday, September 22 afternoon session. D. C. Braun, Medical Director, will present a paper entitled "The Presentation of Medical Evidence in Controverted Compensation Cases" on the morning of Friday, September 26. REPRINTS AVAILABLE Reprints of the paper "A Rational Approach to Air-Pollution Legislation, " by George E. Best, are now available to member companies upon request. This paper was presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Foundation. "*DUeTR!Al_ HYGIENE FOUNDATION 17th ANNUAL MEETING, Nov. 19-20 at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh 4.00 nrrw AVENUE PtTTSBUBOH (ta) PA. industrial Hygiene Digest - 29 September, 1952 j007 Findings of Bronchoscopy in Silicosis and Silico - Tuberculosis . E. Concina and O. Orlandi. Rass. med. ind. 20, 424-426 (Nov.-Dec. 1951) Italian. The importance of the existence of bronchial lesions in silicosis has been underestimated. Bronchoscopy allows direct observations of changes in the tracheal and bronchial mucous membrane, deviations in the trachea and main bronchi, and modifications in the orifices of the lobes and segments. Lavage, aspiration of the bronchial section, and endo bronchial administration of adrenaline and antibiotics may be conducted during the process. Inflammation of the mucous membranes and other changes characteristic of silicosis are disclosed by this method. Findings in 25 patients are reported. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. 1008 The Value of the Electrocardiograph for Examining Anthraco-Silicotics. F. Lavenne. Institut d'Hygiene des Mines, Hasselt, Belgium, Communication No. 90, 5pp. (1951). French. The author used the electrocardiograph to examine 11 cases of anthraco-silicosis with clinical signs of loss of compensation of the right ventricle, and 200 cases of anthraco-silicosis, compensated for invalidity but still ambulant, who were doubly classified according to the extent of fibrosis present and according to the amount of emphysema. The findings are presented in somewhat cryptic symbolism. They are held to justify the claim that the electrocardiograph may be of considerable value in establishing early strain on the right side of the heart. -- Bull. Hyg. 1009 Asbestosis Associated with Bronchiogenic Carcinoma. R. Stoll, R. Bass, and A. A. Angrist. Arch. Intern. Med. 88^, 831-834 (Dec. 1951) German. Data for statistical proof of any association of asbestosis with pulmonary carcinoma are hard to collect, but three investigators have found carcinoma in 7.5 to 14.8% of cases of asbestosis. A case is reported in which a worker had been exposed to asbestos for 6 years and had refused to wear a respirator. He came under notice with weakness and a persistent cough. Clumps of malignant cells were seen in the bone marrow, and x-ray showed generalized large discrete oval shadows indicative of pulmonary metastases. After death, modules varying to 4 cm. in diameter were found scattered throughout both lungs, with interstitial fibrosis. Large areas of necrosis existed throughout the lungs, and typical asbestos bodies were seer, inside and outside the tumor areas. Metastases were found in the kidneys, brain, and liver. The opinion is suggested that the silicate in asbestos must itself be directly carcinogenic. It establishes an additional reason for pre ventive measures in the use of asbestos. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL * decision* end trend* ARMY medical SEP 0 19*9 LIBRARY AUGUST, 1949 (Vol. 13, No. 8) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA.  ! Byglsnc Digest - 13 August, lQi*9 However, gr^at cars should to taken to exclude the tuberculous in select ing pel sons to receive aluminum therapy, (k) It is not believed that a scientifically controlled experiment in industry is feasible for the evaluation of aluminum for the prophylaxis of silicosis. This follows frea ths uncontrollable variables inherent in the industrial situation and other factors which have been discussed. Tor these reasons, it appears inprobable that any research agency vould consider it advisable to under take such a project except under special conditions already discussed, and which nay not be attainable. (5) The McIntyre Research foundation, as presently organised, is not equipped to solve the aluminum prophylaxis problem in relation to silicosis. The steps considered necessary to accom plish this Objective are outlined. (6) Research should be continued with laboratory animals with the object of finding a more adequate basis for application to man. Such study is now included in the program of the Saranac Laboratory of the Trudeau Foundation. ** Authors' Summary 36 Effects of Electricity or IndMed. "lg, 269 (July"' 19^9). Body. W.B. Xouwahoven. The author discusses briefly the various effects of electricity on the body, Including variations with ths amount of current. The current values of ir.tsrest are: (1) threshold of feeling, about 1 mill lamps re, (2) let-go current, above which it is difficult to let go of a wire, about 9 mUliaaperes for men, 6 for women} (3) current producing ventri cular fibrillation, 0.1 ampere} (k) current producing a block In the ner vous system, one ampere or more; and (3) the counter shock current. The last three result4n death if prolonged; otherwise artificial respiration may nave the victim. These effects refer to alternating current of com mercial frequency. Direct current is such less harmful. The only effect of high-frequency currents is heating. 67 . Asbeetoeli and J.A.M.A. 140 Cancer of the Luna. 1219-1220 [Aug. 13. Editorial. 19**9). Records of English, American and German physicians aad The Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories in England for 19^7 show that the occurrence of cancer of the lung is related to pulmonary asbestosis. This relation is supported by the following Observations: (1) The incidence rate of cancer of the lungs la asbestosis patients is 10 to 12 times as high as among ths general population.(2) The male-female ratio is more nearly equal than it is for the general population, tfclch indicates that an enviroaeatal aad evidently oecupatittiel carcinogen tended to equalise the incidence rate of cancer of the lungs for both sexes. Reesnt experi mental observation support this iaterpretation of clinical evidence. >68 Changes in the tings ft*oduced by Eatural Cranhlte. H.E. larding and O.E. Oliver. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 6,-- 91-99 (April, 19^9). A brief description Is given of the industrial uses of natural graphite which is a crystalline carbon mixed with up to 100 of free silica and with other minerals. The greatest dust risk occurs in ths grinding of natural graphite, for which evidence is presented to show that this can lead to Industrial Hygiene Digest - l8 August, 19^9 875 Research on the Development of Silicosis Following Cessation of Exposure to Dangerous Dust. Vera Greinacker-Oristofari and F. Lang. Ztschr. f. UnfallmedT 40, El (19^7) German. The authors prepared tables which give the status of silicotic persons who were removed from exposure for at least four years. From these figures the authors conclude that the workers who are removed from exposure as soon as the first roentgenologic changes are noted have a greater chance of not falling ill of of manifesting illness later, than those who go on working. They stress the importance of adopting technical measures to control dust. -- Condensed from J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 876 Investigations on Combat of Occupational Anthrax: Further Experiments on Disinfection Procedures in Industries Utilizing Animal Hairs and Bristles: Bactericidal Action of Watery and Soapy Formaldehyde Solutions at Higher Temperatures. E. Hailer and K. Heicken. Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektionskr. 128, 109 (July, 19^8) German. The bactericidal effect of formaldehyde solutions on anthrax strains is greatly enhanced by increased temperature. With the same concentration, a formaldehyde solution is 100 times as effective at 80C. as at 20C. The addition of soap increases the sporocidal effect, particularly in the lower concentrations. The most effective concentrations for various temp eratures were determined. On the basis of these observations a procedure was developed for the disinfection of animal hairs and bristles(which are impaired by exposure to boiling or to steam under pressure), which was used with success in establishments that spin horse hair or manufacture brushes. -- Condensed from J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 877 Investigations on Combat of Occupational Anthrax: Bactericidal Action of Caporit, Chloramine, Chlorimide, and Formaldehyde Against Anthrax Spores at Twenty, Twelve and Four C. E. Hailer and K. Heicken. Ztschr. f. Hyg~~u7~infektionskr 12b~ 8" (July l6, I9U8) German. These studies were conducted to determine the most suitable methods for the disinfection of railroad cars and other transportation facilities in which imported skins and other possible sources of anthrax had been carried, also of storage facilities, tanneries, wool-carding establish ments, horse-hair-spinning, and for the protective clothing of workers6 Of the three chloride preparations, caporit was found to be the most efficient, particularly at the lower temperatures of 12 and ^C. The synrocidal action of formaldehyde solutions increased in proportion to the concentration up to a concentration of The disinfecting potency of these solutions was considerably less at 12C. and even less at ^C that it was at 20C. The soapy solutions of formaldehyde were more effective at lower temperatures than the watery solutions and the ones that had been prepared 2k hours before, either with or without soap were more effective than fresh solutions. It was concluded that the solu tions of caporit and formaldehyde are of practical value for the disin fection of areas which might be contaminated with anthrax organisms. -- J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. (Editor's Note: We have no clue to the composition of "Caporit".) vnustrial Hygiene Digest - 37 August, 19^9 034 Control of Cupola Stack Emissions. J F. Drake and T.G. Kennard. Iron Age 16$V'~5b92 (Apr. 7, 1949). An installation is described involving a closed charging hell, a dry dust collector and a vet washer, which results in stack emissions with! the limits set hy Los Angeles County air pollution regulations. Data are given on the nature of matter collected by this system. 935 Musgrave "Aerodynamic" Dust Collector. Anon. Ira. Eeat. Sngr. 10, ld8-l9 (Sept. 19^8). Messrs. Musgrave & Co., Ltd, have acquired the manufacturing and selling rights for this new collector (Systems Linderoth), which is based on a new principle of separation, and is designed to overcome difficulties inherent in the normal type of centrifugal collector. The filter surface consists of a specially slotted sheet bent into the form of a cone, The air or gas to be cleaned is passed at high velocity over this surface, and due to the form of the slots,aerodynamic forces are set up, the resultant force on the dust particles being in a direction away from the cone face. This force keeps the dust particles suspended in the form of a thin cloud layer immediately in front of the filter sin-face, while the clean air escapes through the slots. These slots or passages for the clean air are many thousand times larger than the dust particles which are removed, so that even with adhesive dusts there is little tendency for the filter to become clogged. -- Atm. Poll. Bull. 936 Is It True that Silicosis Is Not Progressive in the Absence of Tuberculosis? J-L/~Nicod, Presse Med. 57^ 51ft- (Jan. 6," 194-9) Nicod does not agree with the conclusions of the conference on pneumo- noconiosis held in London in April, 19^7, which asserted that pneumonoconi- osis can be arrested spontaneously by the cessation of exposure to dust except for those cases in which silicosis is combined with tuberculosis. He performed necropsies on 150 miners who had been employed in the Swiss Alps and who had died from silicosis. Neither recent nor old tuberculous lesions could be demonstrated on microscopic examination of 35 to ho per cent of these 150 men who had been working as miners only temporarily, in some cases not longer than one year, and who died from silicosis twelve to twenty-three years after having discontinued work in the silica dust en vironment. The postmortem examination revealed the progressive course of the silicosis in the pulmonary tissues and in the lymph nodes in the ab sence of any tuberculous process. In cases in which silicosis was combined with tuberculosis, the latter nearly always developed after the silicotic lesions in the lungs, and frequently it had an acute and terminal course. Tuberculosis is a late complication of the pneumonoconiosis in the great majority of silicotic patients- -- J.A.M.A. 957 Dust Control in Machine Shops Anon, Industrial Notes. Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, No. 91. 12pp. (April 22, 19^9)* Conscious of the daily requirements of proper dust control, technicians are stressing constantly the importance of using effective dust-collecting 1953 ANNUAL INDEX Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL dci*ion* and trnd* INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13, PA. A Ca:c cf Pulmonary Asbestos;;, w;th !ta Development FoLo'^'c-d by X-i-.y and Its Pjsi* Mortem, Stacy. P. Lutor., J. Cr.ampcix, ana P. Faurc. Aren., maladies profess. i2_. o29-o53 (1 95 1 ) French. The case reported is said to have been the first one of asbestosis kr.o'xn to have occurred in France. The man had been exposed to high con centrations of asbestos for 11 years. Symptoms and progressive x-ray find ings are described. After death the lungs showed general thickening through out, especially of the plurae, but with no localized nodules. Many asbestos bodies were seen, isolated and in groups, together with giant cells and min eral particles. No evidence of tuberculosis was found. The dust particles could be traced not only in the lung vessels, but also in the vessels of the liver, kidneys and spleen. The action of asbestos is apparently mechanical rather than chemical. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. 80 Bvssinosis. J. B. M. Vismans, Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 96,800 (Apr. 5, 1952). Dutch. Byssinosis occurs in workers in the cotton industry, chiefly in those who handle the cotton before it is sent to the spinning room. The author quotes from the literature and presents the histories of seven patients observed by himself which illustrate the three stages of the disease. He also comments on the incidence, etiology, pathologic anatomy, and diagnosis. Generally, the disease develops only after the worker has worked with cotton for at Least five years. A constricted, tight feeling in the chest is usually the first mani festation, and since this symptom is often severest on Mondays, the term "Monday fever" or'Monday cough" has been applied to it. Patients with the advanced form of byssinosis may die of decompensation of the right side of the heart. Prophylaxis is of primary importance and should involve giving atten tion to the selection of workers and to dust control in cotton mills. -- Arch. lnd. Hyg. k Occ. Med. 81 Studies on Cotton Dust in Relation to Byssinosis. Part III. Comparison of Cotton Dust and House Dust by Chemical and Skin Tests. H. R. Cayton, G. Furness, D. S. Jackson, and H. B. Maitland. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 9, 303-308 (Oct. 1952). An extract of cotton dust has been compared chemically and by skin tests with extracts of house dust. Both contained a polysaccharide associated with a polypeptide grouping of amino-acids giving none of the usual color reactions for proteins. Quantitative and chromatographic tests revealed a similarity in the sugars and amino-acids detected. Both extracts produced the early type of skin reaction. Cotton dust generally produced also a late skin reaction, whereas the house dust did not. The two extracts, therefore, were not identical. Poly saccharide-polypeptide compounds were probably responsible for the early skin reaction. Their source is not known but they 3.1 Hv-jicr.e Digest - 29 Jai ind after treatment. It improved in 62% of the miners on an av/vu*;** of 234 cc. The improvement of neurotic conditions present in the t.utu r.:r of siiicotics is an essential part of treatment. Rehabilitation as sum, onir possible in the early stages of the disease. It will be possible ts ciinsud^r the rehabilitation of patients no longer suitable for work in the nras .only vhen they have been retrained for other work. -- Cond. from Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Investigation of Silicotic Lungs with the Electron Microscope, r.. -Cm1lc. ScaubNo. 28, 31-38 (Mar. 15, 1952) German, The lower limit of visibility, which is of the order of 0 3' crvj.f-r.on for the light microscope, can be extended to particles 100 times ixultr by -.he electron microscope. Electron diffraction patterns and cher-.ucur it s>u> should be used to identify the components of dusts. Digestion of u <- jue containing silicotic nodules with concentrated sulfuric acid v.ia pciCi- sium nitrate yielded platelets showing signs of chemical attack. Gu c`ae other hand, when the tissues were treated, with hydrogen peroao.ifi-, or 'ashing the tissue below 300* C and digestion with potassium ch^-nse- tfsr particles were less attacked and gave the electron diffraction pa.fuvx ub m.ontmorillonite. Whether the montmorillonite was formed in ti*i lt weathering of mica or whether it already occurred in the airborne i.i.sr mams to be studied. Identical lung residue shows quartz by x-c an but montmorillonite under the electron microscope. This is the fact that these minerals occur in different size classes. Bt-n atudhiids should be used. -- Cond. from 'H.yg.. Silicatosis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Treatment. M. A. Kovnatskii and others. Gigiena 1 Samt. No. 8, 28-32 ."j 3 Russian. A review is given of the disease caused by particles of si rather than those of the type producing silicosis proper. A stutv ai r.uc disease caused by asbestos particles showed that the chemical .* i.d features are increased rate of respiration (compensatory) and i-. :vu..*-s uve level of blood saturation with oxygen is essentially normal, altk:u\m cx.a^ges in the myocardium are evident on the electrocardiogram. The ' -ji il.s veins is reduced, and the permeability of capillary walls suffer* n in a considerable number of cases. This affects the oxidative poc^s.-.* j as shown by the increase of oxidized glutathione and a decrease ;' *. -.-.al glutathione. -- Ch-m. created ani.rr.als diffuse deiicate connective t: s sue , cons: sting of loosely xr.i: fibe and thin-walled blood vessels, surrounded the silicotic nodules. In the controls a cellular fringe with fibroblasts suggested that active fibrosis was still orogres The autnors were unable to detect any reduction of collagen in established siiico nodules in the treated animals, although further fibroblastic proliferation was apparently retarded. This suggests tliat_cortisone will not have any lasting beac on the collagen in human silicosis, although it might arrest progression ol the lesions while it was being administered. -- Cond. from. J. Am. Med. Assn. 2S3 Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Rhondda Fach: ar. Interim Report of a Survey r: a Mining Community. J. G. Cox and T. F. Jarman. Brit. Med. J. 2, 843-853 (Oct. 18, 1952). A field experiment was designed to study, in a mining community with a high prevalence of pneumoconiosis, the effect of reducing tuberculosis infectivitupon the rate of appearance of progressive massive fibrosis in miners already affected by simple pneumoconiosis. The present report is concerned with the findings of the first roentgenological survey of the adult population. Figures arc given for the prevalence of tuberculosis by age and sex. The extent of tuberculo is rpparently typical of such areas in the country. About 30% of the miners an: e* -miners had some roentgenological signs of pneumoconiosis; 15% had progres massive fibrosis. All but two patients with infectious tuberculosis were giver, r. pital treatment. The number of infectious cases has been reduced by about 60'.' and the patients are all being closely supervised by a health visitor. Future s - . veys will show what effects this reduction will have on the tuberculin positivity and on the rate of appearance of new cases of tuberculosis and massive fibrosis -- Cond. from Authors' Summary 284 A Clinical and Pathological Study of a Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis. H. Bastemer, H. Denolin, A. Decoster, and R. Denoiin-Reubens. Arch, beig med. sociale, hyg. , med. travail et med. legale U3 61-70 (Feb. 1952) French. A diagnosis of asbestosis must depend upon a history of occupational exposure to asbestos dust, associated with effects on the respiratory organs. /. case is reported in which & woman had worked for 25 years weaving asbestos ir. a factory with heavy dust exposure. The symptoms described are typical. The authors compared this case with those of uncomplicated silicosis; in the latter residual air is frequently increased, expiration is prolonged, and the maximum, respiratory capacity is reduced, but hyperpnea is less, rapid breathing is not so intense, and anoxemia is never so important during effort, as in asbestosis. T. differences are stressed as important when necessity may arise in determining the occupational origin of a case with obscure diagnosis. -- Cond. from Bull. :r*.ai Hygiene Digest - 21 M;.- . 4^4 ' Critical Review of the Chemical Theory of Silicosis. Luise Honap-red.. 5ilikose-For sch. No. 1 5, 1 * 1 9 (1 952) German. The solubility theory is first reviewed and reasons are $v --n -ihv it :unnot be maintained in its original form, which says that silicosN .s rze to ..ssoived silica. The main argument is that silicosis requires yci '*. to- develop, .niie the solubility of quartz drops in the course of days or week.- A modi- .-ed solubility theory is suggested by the author's published work ;rru cn ct rcent results with carbohydrates . From plant extracts, a fractiot ;untacrtang -rbohydrate and silica could be isolated, and experiments with l./jcn- a.od quartz .-.owed specific adsorption of a galactose complex. The galactosi- u:::av. raad quartz still reacts with hydrazine, demonstrating that the aldervdi' imzup .oes not take part in the reaction with quartz. Next follows a ves\ n*'c.u-.aTrve i .upter dealing with the structure of silica-galactose complexes. is aid to contain galactose but there is no evidence on its structure. T'.te :sa- .:ne reaction can be used to demonstrate quartz in human silicoW . v.i-uns, as eil as to demonstrate galactose adsorption on quartz, and a nuawo ei rdored lustrations of this effect are shown. Electron micrographs of sw.'WTKit ioestos after disintegration in water are also shown. -- Cond. from Bui\- rfrg- 4v5 ,,nsiderations on a Case of Progressive Massive Silicosis Follovin-r ...mited Exposure, M. Bodo and L. Briccareilo. Rass. med. .rrtfi. 21, '.25-238 (May-June 1952) Italian. The authors discuss a case of progressive massive silic;-u\ of ih* -ungs which was seen by them in April, 1951. The patient was a -x-.-mZ, 'i-nk- aged 28, who had been employed, for 2 years only, at chiselivg* gpirccLs tones in 1939-40. Signs and symptoms of silicosis, which are describes.. AZ.-py.ared in November, 1950. At the time of the examination, signs and syzmur.zr.s were said to be stationary. Tuberculosis was absent. X-rays showed : giruxraiized deep and confluent shadow on the lungs, except for clear areas whcr. rrav have been due to spontaneous pneumothorax or to localized emphysema. 3c. the light of this case the authors question the statement that simple pneunrczcodp-ais can be arrested by removing the patient from exposure to dust. 3!h<r ency to progress varies with the physico-chemical properties of the dt:t u-rtd :2c individual tissue reactivity. As in the case of hepatic cirrhosis, uutujsative agent may start a chain reaction which does not stop progressing *i'--znz cause has been removed. -- Cond. from B.--2.. >3-rg. 196 usefulness of the Photoroentgen Method in Silicosis and Asbestos,': jarvr=u- Rations of Workers. E. Zanetti. Rass. mea. md. 21, 1 30- 132 Iixlzan. A comparative study of several tens of thousands of phot- /-T^xzieri i:lms and roentgenograms has produced several interesting concl. :'. car.- earning investigations of silicosis and asbestosis among workers., ; b rr.rr.. ?hotoroentgen films were found to represent clearly massive silac.'tluiir.:?: Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 Mav. S3 j* asbestosis, and nodular silicosis. In silicosis which is represented by ret> -t culation,identification is more difficult, but it is still possible in the hands of ** an 'expert. The identification of mild or moderate asbestosis is still more difficult. Only a great deal of experience which is integrated with a knowledge of concentrations and exposures of the dust involved makes possible an Intel - ligent interpretation of such films. -- Biol. Absts. 497 Does Silicosis Affect the Silica Content of Human Blood? C. Worth and G. Campen. Z. physiol. Chepn. (Hoppe-Seyier's) 288, 155-1 64 {1951}. Geraa The authors determined the silica content of blood of 264 persons, half of whom were coal miners with various stages of silicosis, using the molyt denum blue technique. The mean result for the whole group was 8.3 + 2.4 micrograms silica per ml. of blood. Neither sex, different kinds of Tnflarr.natory or other diseases, nor silicosis caused any difference in the silica contest of the blood. Tests were also made after ingestion of organic silicon compouttHere a rapid rise of silica content of blood and urine was found, but the blood^ silica had dropped to its normal value after 9 hours. The bearing of these fiad* ings on the silica solubility theory is discussed. If the theory is to be maintamed, it must be assumed that the amounts dissolved are too small to be dea* strated in the blood or that excretion through the kidneys is too rapid. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. 4 93 Silicotic and Tuberculosilicotic Lesions Simulating Carcinoma.- F G. Kerf*4* J. Thoracic Surg. _24, 545-567 (Dec. 1952). The appearance of unilateral ma'ssive densities in the lungs of eight h- men between the ages of 49 and 69 With chroftic pneumoftitis has been reported* In each of these patients clinical and radiographic evidence strongly suggested, bronchiogenic carcinoma. Five of the eight patients had prolonged exposure to silica-containing dust in various occupations. Five patients were treated bf pneumonectomy, one by lobectomy, and one by thoractomy and biopsies were ; made. The fundamental feature of the pathological process in this group of patients was complete or partial bronchial obstruction by pressure of lymph nodes, which were the site of a chronic inflammatory reaction secondary to ' inhalation of silica-containing dust. In five patients the chronic obstructive pneumonitis was non-specific, and in three there was an added tuberculous infection. It is suggested that this condition be called ''chronic silicotic lymph** dentis with obstructive pneumonitis (nontuberculous or tuberculous)." The patients are all alive; the six patients treated by excision have been relieved of their complaints. -- Cond. from J. Am. Med. Assn. custnal Hvcier.e Dicest - 22 T * ** g 952 -01 Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Pneumoconiosis of Coalminers. A. J. Thomas. Brit. Heart J, 13^, 1-9 (1951). A series of 50 hearts from cases of coalminers pneumoconiosis have been dissected and the ventricular weights recorded. The ratio of left ven tricle to right ventricle, LV/RV ratio, shows a great reduction, and there is a consistent relative increase in the weight of the right ventricle. A cardio* graphic study of 146 persons {normal men, miners and non-miners, and patient! with ail stages of pneumoconiosis) has shown that V6 changes most with in creasing severity of lung disorder. In the most severe groups the R wave of V6 is diminished and the S wave is increased ,n amplitude. A suggestion is made that a lead from the third interspace immediately above V2 may help in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy when it shows an r1 wave of 4 mm. or more in height. Certain effects of respiration on the electrocardio gram are described, particularly the respiratory variation of the chest leads on the right side. This is presumed to be a positional change, but some find ings suggest that the mechanism of respiratory variation should be further investigated in relation to respiratory function. -- Author's summary {Bull. Hyg.) 602 Factors Favoring Phagocytosis by Reticulo-Endothelial Cells Early in Inflammation. Edna H. Tompkins and Mary A. Grillo. Am. J. Pathol. 29, 21 7-231 {March-April 1953). The reticulo-endotheiiai cells of subcutaneous tissues, the so-called resting-wandering cells, represent active defenders in the first 12 hours of inflammation. They become activated in preparation for phagocytosis by con traction, excretion of fluid from the;r "fluid vacuoles, " and changes in the consistency of their cytoplasm. Once activated, they are aided in making con tact with particulate substancesand'are supported in "surface phagocytosis" by the movements of the underlying muscles and of the infiltrating ameboid polymorphonuclear cells. They carry the burden of phagocytosis before arri val of the polymorphonuclear cells; and they alone must phagocytose for about 12 hours the many invading substances that are not phagocytosible by the poly morphonuclear cells. -- Authors' summary 603 Dust Diseases. G. E. Spencer. Bull. Allegheny Co. Med. Soc. 42, 339-391 (April 25, 1953). This brief paper gives advice to family physicians to whom x-ray films from a mass survey have been referred when pneumoconiosis is indi cated. Survey physicians do not attempt to differentiate the dust diseases, merely reporting the findings as "pneumoconiosis." It is the responsibility of the family physician to determine which of these diseases is present, and to decide what should be done. After miliary tuberculosis, carcinomatosis, certain fungus diseases, and siderosis due to organic disease are excluded, the various pneumoconioses must be considered. Anthracosis, silicosis. Hvgi^ne Digest - 33 June, i 0 5 3 *erosis, berylliosis, asbestosis, and the organic dust diseases are dis used briefly in relation to diagnosis. The importance of personal and occu..cna! history is emphasized. The factors to be considered when deciding -.t.-iher a man should he taken from his job arc discussed. Clinical Picture and Pathology of Asbestosis. W. Behrens, Jr. Jr.xallmed. u. Berufkrankh. 4.5. 129-140 (June 15, 1952); 179-189 15, 1952). German. This paper presents an extensive review of literature on asbestosis c.uding distribution and types of asbestos, its mining, treatment, and use, zt hazards, and effects of length of exposure of the dust in different con-ration. Symptomatology, diagnosis, and x-ray findings in the different . res of asbestosis are described. Special mention is made of the association : `.c-bestosis with carcinoma, which is much more frequent than that of sili".s. Post-mortem reports from the literature indicate that in 309 cases . -sbestosis there were 44 lung carcinomas (14.2%), whereas in 2,204 cases Hicosis only 32 carcinomas wer* found (1.4%). The experience of the . -.uciation of tuberculosis and asbestosis varies greatly in different countries. . Gish investigators have recorded a high rate of tuberculous infection in jscos workers, but it is a rare complication in America and the rate is low Germany. The macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the lungs are scribed, and the nature and significance of asbestosis bodies are discussed - in extensive reference list dealing with that controversial subject is given. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. Lur.c Carcinoma Caused by Asbestos Inhalation. Sled. Monatsschr. 7^, 77-31 (1953) German. F. Botmke. The relation between fibrotic changes caused by asbestos deposits '.n the lur.g and carcinoma is discussed. The lower lobe is the site of pre election. Characteristic are the multicentercd developments of flat i.-pi- !i|dutm carcinoma. -- Chem. Absts. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OP THE ENVIRONMENT ,n and Res pi r.'ilo ry R c" ul;. ti> m it Altifu<h-. 1''. G. If.ill. Puy-.ml. o, nil 5-uOb (Aj.nl l Fourteen young rrH'U orpu^cd to a LimuMlecl .iliitudo of 2.1,000 loi `1 *' ' ' i '; i.. nii.ituros, ,y i ll i ry ti i . t r * 11 o i;.. i i * .. r i . 11 [ i i u i . i' In. ` '` 1 11 iv v: t (, [ <-ii .i ;d i. . i'I .. -i 1J v i. .i l v r . 1 . r . i r r r uii r l. i Antimony and thyroxin, effects 355 poisoning in industry 356 Arc welding (see welding-) A rsenic trioxide exposure in industry 809 Arsine poisoning fatal case from algae prevention 39 1041 1042 Artificial respiration (see resuscitation) A sbestos clinical and pathological study 284 lung cancer from 605 Asbestosis case pathology studies, miniature films 79 78,604 496 Atmospheric pollution (see air pollution) Atmospheric turbulence measurement 643 Atomic bomb casualties, treatment 747 effects on blood 619 Aviation toxicology (bk.rev.) 559 Bacteria and odor control problem 102 Bagassosis 501 BAL therapy in lead poisoning 361 therapy in thallium poisoning 148,818,819 vs. curate in lead poisoning 469 Barbers' disease Baritosis, case Beat disorders -- and staphylococcal infection * ? -7*, Benzene and homologues, poisoning blood dyscrasias from factories health of workers metabolism poisoning and erythromyelosis effect on platelets hematology ,: :a 1 1 or *. i. i * Benzene hexachloride and DDT, toxicity ; 8 li poisoning : 0 toxicity 271,485 , ::7>. Benzenemia 32 3'. Berylliosis summary of cases 357 .^5j0 Beryllium determination fluorimetric spectrochemical granuloma treatment cortisone nonsurgical oxide poisoning poisoning, experimental radioisotope distribution and retention tox.city and ACTH 9" 36d' . hit . \ 3 7'J ' 0i Best Years of Your Life r *;4 (bk. rev.) Blood changes in industrial disease j * picture effects of muscle training &