Document wg0rDZzRD3eedrZ8Q1GZL4ka4
FILE NAME Brakes BRK
DATE 1976 Dec
DOC BRK065
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Conference Report - IARC Monograms on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man Asbestos
IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE
EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK OF CHEMICALS TO MAN
Asbestos
Volume 14
This Evaluation
publication represents the views of an IARC Working Group on the
of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to
which met in Lyon
14-17 December 1976
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TT ES TE IT
Biles & Emerson 1968 and Cunningham & Pontefract 1971 also reported the occurrence of asbestos fibres in British Canadian and American beer 1-6.6 million fibres Asbestos fibres were found in various sherries ports vermouths and soft drinks 1.7-12.2 million fibres Cunningham & Pontefract 1971
Pharmaceuticals Chrysotile asbestos has been found in some samples of parenteral drugs range 1-1000 ng Nicholson et al 1972 In the US no containing or other releasing filter may be used in the manufacture processing or packaging of such products unless it is not possible to manufacture that drug product or component without the use of such a filter US Food and Drug Administration 1976
Dental practice and dental school laboratories containing periodontal packs are sometimes used after gingival surgery Infante & Lemen 1976 In dental schools asbestos tape is used to hold gold that is heated and then cast into moulds during dental laboratory procedures This may be a potential problem and has not been evaluated by adequate industrial hygiene monitoring
b Asbestos in the work environment
Asbestos contamination of the air can be caused by spraying of asbestos material either for fire protection or for decorative or acoustical purposes contamination was found to be high during the application of sprayed mineral fibre Nicholson & Pundsack 1973 A comparison of asbestos concentrations in air under different circumstances as measured by electron microscopy is as follows near asbestos
spraying 10-1000 mduring a milling operation 10-5000 m in other occupational exposures 1000- 100,000 mNicholson et al
1975
Fibre concentrations in various asbestos industries in the US prior to 1971 as determinebdy optical and electron microscopy are given in Table 11
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Table 11
:
Concentrations of fibres in various asbestos industries
2
in US before 1971"
;
Industry
:
:
?
3
Textile
Insulation
Range of means fibres > 5 ml
0.1-29.9 0.1-74.4
Range of individual samples fibres > 5 m
0.0-143.9
0.0-208.4
:
Paper packing and asphalt
;
production
Cement shingles millboard and gasket
Friction
Cement pipe
0.2-13.6 0.1-4.4 0.1-14.4 0.2-6.3
0.0-18.9 0.0-16.6 0.1-32.4 0.0-13.4
a From US Department of Health Education & Welfare 1972b
Airborne asbestos sampling programmes do not at present however attempt to discriminate between the various fibrous minerals present in dust samples Table 12 gives a comparison of the length distributions of airborne asbestos fibres as determined by electron miscroscopy in
various industries in the US
:
Table 13 gives the contentosf asbestos fibrebsy products and
fibre type in asbestos products produced in various EEC countries
Occupational exposure in situations other than the traditional asbestos processes mining milling factory production and handling of asbestos products has been shown to be of increasing importance Such exposures occur during product use as among asbestos insulation workers Selikoff et al 1964 among brake repair and brake maintenance workers Lorimer et al 1976 Rohl et al 1976 1977 and as the result of indirect occupational exposures particularly in ship building and ship repair Harries 1968 1976 and in the construction industry Other exposures occur in relation to inspection repair and maintenance work on containing strictures and
Table 12
Lengths of asbestos fibres in air near various US industries -
Operation
Fibre type
Median
length ...m
8 > 5 ...m
Textile
chrysotile
Fibre preparation & carding
Spinning twisting weaving
1.4
4
1.0
12
Friction
Mixing
chrysotile
Finishing
0.9
22
0.8
22
ioe Mixing el,
Asbestos pipe
chrysotile
chrysotile
Finishing
0.9
2
0.7
1
Pipe insulation Pipe forming
<anth
amosite
4.9
51
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From Dement et al
1976
es
caeallan equipment in refineries and chemical plants buildings railway locomotives and wagons shipyards and power plants Increasingly importart exposures can be expected to result from building demolition and waste
disposal US Environmental a considerable problem in
Protection Agency 1975 These view of the very large amount of
could pose asbestos
now in place as the result of the cumulative use of the material during
the past century Exposures may also occur during the wearing of
asbestos safety garments Gibbs 1975 during cleaning operations on
buildings formerly sprayed with asbestos Skidmore & Jones 1975 and
during
of raw
the handling of bags formerly used in the transport
or milled asbestos US Department of Labor 1975 .
and
storage
c Domestic exposure
workmen Domestic exposure of household contacts to asbestos may occur from
dusts brought home on workers
clothes shoes hair equipment etc.
Anderson et al , 1976 Newhouse &
Thompson 1965 Wagner et al
1960
Nicholson et al
1975 found asbestos reels reels tanging frURL
100-500 min the houses of
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