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ANSI Z8.2-1969 ,, ", . . *' ? . * T ....: v . . ' -C ;i,w */**. '<*. '.,. ' 1 American National Standard ^a ^ \%A7V / This cju\ 15 dmw oea ds ^ puU1service ov 're mem r>ers ot me Indus"-.* Sdt* iv Eou'Dmeni Assoc'aticm me practices for respiratory protection ansi 288.2-1969 American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection Sponsor U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines Approved August 11, 1969 America, National Standards Institnta, Inc '' tK 100376 American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those sub* stantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect predude anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE; This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute, Inc 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018 Copyright 1969 by the American National Standards Institute, Inc No portion of this publication may be quoted or reproduced in any form without tha written permission of the American Nationiai Standards Institute. Printed In USA A5M172/450 100377 Foreword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard Practice* for Respiratory Protection, Z88.2-1969.) This is a revision of the respiratory protection portion of American National Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, Z2.1-1959. The United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, which acted as cosponsor of Z2.1-1959, accepted sponsorship of the proj ect on respiratory protection when it was deemed advisable to separate the portions of that Z2.1 standard. A Z88 Standards Committee was organized and met on September 24, 1963, to review the section of Z2.1-1959 dealing with respiratory protection. The Committee decided to revise and rewrite that section. The fifth draft of the proposed standard was submitted to letter ballot and accepted by the Z88 Committee on May 2, 1969. It was approved as an American National Stan dard on August 11. Since questions may arise from time to time concerning interpretation of this standard, an Inter pretation and Review Committee has been established, to provide for the uniform handling of doubtful cases. Anyone using this standard and desiring an interpretation may communicate with the Standards Institute. The Committee will also review new developments in respiratory protection and determine the need for revision or supplementation of this standard. Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018. The Z8S Standards Committee had the following personnel at the time it approved this standard. Robert H. Schutz, Chairman Francis X. Worden, Secretary Organization Reprtttnted American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist* American Foundrymen's Society............................................. American Gaa Association ....................................................... American Industrial Hygiene Association............................... American Insurance Association............................................. American Mutual Insurance Alliance................................ American Petroleum Institute ........................................... American Society of Mechanical Engineer*.......... American Society of Safety Engineer*.......................... American Welding Society..................................... Association of American Railroad*.......................................... Electronic Industrie* Association................................... General Service* Administration........................... Industrial Medical Association................................. Industrial Safety Equipment Association.... ........ International Association of Fire Chiefs.......................... International Association of Governmental Labor Officials National Safety Council..................................................... Telephone Group................................................................. U- S. Atomic Energy Commission...................................... Name of Repretenlative .........................E. C. Hyatt .........................William B. Huelaen ................ -......T. L. Power* H. W. Becker (Alt) ........................ E. C. Hyett W. H. Revoir (AU) ........................ Robert R. Conroy Victor Bohn (AU) .........................J. A. Houghton Frederick H. Deeg (AU) .........................W. E. Carroll J. F. McKenna (AU) ........................Thomas R. Curran .........................Richard H. Burr Harold Ritchie (AU) .........................A. D. Brandt ........................ D. P. Russell ...................... F. X. Worden James J. Sullivan (AU) ........................ Lane Parsons ........................Ernest M. Dixon ........................ Eugene W. Merry Benjamin Smilg Harley N. Trice Charles N. Sumwait (AU) Howard M. Weiss (AU) ........................ Raymond J. Brady Donald M. O'Brien (AU) ................... ....Martin Slotkia ........................ H. H. Fawcett Julian B. Olishifaki (Alt) ........................ F. X. Worden ........................ Carl G. Welty, Jr Humphery Gilbert (Alt) 100378 Organization Repretented Name of Repretentatiue U. S. Coast Guard ............... ................................................................................................... Norman W. Lemley U. S. Department ol Agriculture...........................................................................................Rolland M. Water* U. S. Department of the Army..............................................................................................Robert A. Duguid Harry H. Ackerman (Alt) U. S. Department of the Interior....... ................................................................................... Robert H. Schutz E. J. Kloo* (Alt) U. S. Department of Labor................ .................................................................................. G. Walker Daubenspeck John O'Neill (AU) U. S. Department of the Navy...............................................................................................Samuel H. Barboo, Jr N. E. Rosenwinkel (Alt) U. S. Public Health Service (Liaiton) ..................................................................................Howard E. Ayer Charles H. Powell (Alt) Individual Member.................................................................................................................William E. Clark The subcommittee which prepared the final draft on this standard had the following personnel. H. H. Ackerman Raymond J. Brady R. H. Butt Carl G. Welty, Jr, Chairman H. H. Fawcett E. C. Hyatt W. H. Revou 100379 Contents SECTION PAGE 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Recommended Requirements for Codes......................................................................................... 9 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards.............................................................................................. 11 5. Classification, Description, and Limitations ofRespirators........................................................... 11 6. Selection of Respirators.................................................... 13 6.1 Approved or Accepted Respirators........................................................................................ 13 6.2 General Considerations .............. 13 6.3 Nature of the Hazard.............................................................................................................. 13 6.4 Extent and Location of Hazard.............................................................................................. 22 6.5 Work Requirements and Conditions.................................................................................... 22 6.6 Employee Acceptance and Face Fit...................................................................................... 23 7. Use of Respirators...................................... 23 7.1 Operating Procedures.............................................................................................................. 23 7.2 Issuance of Respirators.......................................................................................................... 23 7.3 Use in Dangerous Atmospheres................................................................................ 23 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Use................................................................................ 24 7.5 Facepiece Fit Tests and Procedures...................................................................................... 24 8. Maintenance and Care of Respirators............................................................................................ 25 8.1 General .............................................................. 25 8.2 Inspection ................................................................................................................................ 25 8.3 Cleaning and Disinfection ............................................................................ 25 8.4 Repair ...................................................................................................................................... 26 8.5 Storage .................................................... 26 9. Special Problems .............................................................................................................................. 26 9.1 Corrective Lens with Full Facepiece...................................................................................... 26 9.2 Eyewear with Half-Mask Facepiece...................................................................................... 26 9.3 Respirator Use in Low Temperatures.................................................................................... 26 9.4 Respirator Use in High Temperatures .................................................................................. 27 9.5 Communications...................................................................................................................... 27 9.6 Nonconventional Respirators ................................................................................................ 27 10. Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness............................................................................ 27 10.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 27 10.2 Wearer Acceptance.................................................................................................................. 28 10.3 Examination of Respirators in Use...................................................................................... 28 10.4 Evaluation of Protection Afforded........................................................................................ 28 11. References to Other Codes, Standards, and Manuals................................................................... 28 Appendix Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings............................... .................................... 30 Tables Table 1 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Biological Effect................. 10 Table 2 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Propertieswhich Influence Respirator Selection.............................................................................................................. 12 Table 3 Classification and Description of Respirators by Mode of Operation....................... 14-15 Table 4 Capabilities and Limitations of Respirators............................................................... 16-17 Table 5 Color Code for Gas Mask Canisters................................................................................... 18 Table 6 Guide for Selection of Respirators ............... 19 100280 American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection 1. Introduction This standard sets forth accepted practices for respirator users. It provides information and guidance on the proper selection, use, and care of respirators and sets forth recommended re quirements suitable for adoption into regula tions governing their use. 1.1 Scope. The scope of this standard includes safe practices and requirements for using res pirators for protection of the respiratory system from inhalation of particulate matter, noxious gases and vapors, and oxygen deficiency. Ex cluded are 1) underwater protection, 2) highaltitude aircraft oxygen systems, and 3) pro tection against military munitions. Although the standard does not cover engineered protective measures (for example, ventilation), exposure control shall be accomplished as far as is fea sible by accepted engineering methods before considering or instituting use of respirators. 12 Purpose. The standard is intended to pro vide guidance that will assist respirator users in safeguarding health and life through proper selection and use of respirators. Use of respira tors implies that the wearer needs protection from an atmosphere that might threaten his life or health. Therefore, it is imperative that the level of protection needed be determined and provided in both normal and emergency condi tions of use, particularly if exposure to the at mosphere could be immediately dangerous to life or health. Use of respirators in atmospheres that are dangerous to life or health is discussed in 6.3. 1.3 "Shall" and "Should". The provisions of this standard aTe mandatory in nature where the word `'shall" is used and advisory in nature where the word "should" is used. 1.4 Exceptions. Exceptions to the requirements in Section 3, Recommended Requirements for Codes, may be granted by competent authority, provided that an equally acceptable mode and degree of protection is afforded. 2. Definitions abrasive-blasting respirator. See respirator. aerodynamic diameter. The diameter of a unit density sphere having the same settling velocity as the particle in question of whatever shape and density. air-line respirator. See respirator. air-purifying respirator. See respirator. air-regulating valve. An adjustable valve used to regulate airflow to the facepiece, helmet, or hood of an air-line respirator, air-supply device. A hand- or motor-operated blower for the hose mask, or a compressor or other source of respirable air for air-line and abrasive-blasting respirators. approved. Tested and listed as satisfactory by an authority having jurisdiction, such as U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, or U.S. Department of Agriculture. breathing tube. A tube through which air or oxygen flows to the facepiece, helmet, or hood. canister (air-purifying). A container filled with sorbents and catalysts that remove gases and vapors from air drawn through the unit. The canister may also contain an aerosol (particu late) filter to remove solid or liquid particles, canister (oxygen-generating). A container filled with a chemical which generates oxygen by chemical reaction. cartridge. A small container filled with air-puri fying media. catalyst. In respirator use, a substance which converts a toxic gas (or vapor) into a less-toxic gas (or vapor). chemical-cartridge respirator. See respirator. contaminant. A harmful, irritating, or nuisance material that is foreign to the normal atmo sphere. corrective lens. A lens ground to the wearer's individual corrective prescription, detachable coupling. A device by means of which the respirator wearer, without using hand- 7 1003S1 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES tools, may detach the air-supply line from that part of the respirator worn on the person or from the air-supply source, disinfection. The destruction and removal of pathogenic organisms, especially by means of chemical substances. dust. See Table 2. exhalation valve. A device that allows exhaled air to leave a respirator and prevents outside air from entering through the valve. eyepiece. A gastight, transparent window (s) in a full facepiece through which the wearer may a9Cova* facepiece. That portion of a respirator that covers the wearer's nose and mouth in a halfm t it facepiece or nose, mouth, and eyes in a full facepiece. It is designed to make a gas-tight or dust-tight fit with the face and includes the headbands, exhalation valve (a), and connec tions for air-purifying device or respirable-gas source or both. filter respirator. See respirator. filter. A fibrous media (canned or uncanned) used in respirators to remove solid or liquid particles from the airstream entering the res pirator enclosure, fog. See Table 2. full facepiece. See facepiece. fume. See Table 2. gas. An aeriform fluid which is in the gaseous state at ordinary temperature and pressure. gas mask. See respirator, half-mask facepiece. See facepiece. head harness, a device for holding the facepiece securely in place on the wearer's head. helmet. A device that shields the eyes, face, neck, and other parts of the head. hood. A device that completely covers the head, neck, and portions of the shoulders. hose mask. See respirator. immediately dangerous to life or health. In cluded are conditions that pose an immediate threat to life or health and conditions that pose an immediate threat of severe exposure to con taminants such as radioactive materials which are likely to have adverse delayed effects on health. inhalation valve. A device that allows respirable air to enter the facepiece and prevents exhaled air from leaving the facepiece through the intake opening. irrespirable. Unfit for breathing, mist. See Table 2. *.-MPC. Maximum permissible concentration. These concentrations are set by the National Committee on Radiation Protection. They are recommended maximum average concentrations of radionuclides to which a worker may be ex posed, assuming that he works 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, and SO weeks a year. jfgr^tttic audter. A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in air, such as dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, or sprays. Particulate matter sus pended in air is commonly known as an aerosol. (meamoeohioi^roduefiig dust. Dust, which when inhaled, deposited, and retained in the lungs, may produce signs, symptoms and find ings of pulmonary disease. resistance. Opposition to the flow of air, as through a canister, cartridge, particulate filter, or orifice. respirable. Fit to be breathed, respirator. A device designed to protect the wearer from inhalation of harmful atmospheres. See Section 5, Classification, Description, and Limitations of Respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus. See res pirator. sorbent. A material which removes toxic gases and vapors from air inhaled through a canister or cartridge, spray. See Table 2. supplied-air respirator. See respirator. supplied-air suit. A one- or two-piece suit that is impermeable to most particulate and gaseous contaminants and is provided with an adequate supply of respirable air. TfcW TfirfehWd^lfmit value. A table of these values and accompanying precautions is pub lished annually by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Uudr dust. Dust that may be harmful to the respiratory system or to other parts of the body through passing from the respiratory tract into the blood stream. valve (air or oxygen). A device which controls the direction of air or oxygen flow or the rate and pressure at which air or oxygen is delivered, or both. 8 100382 FOE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 vapor. The gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. window indicator. A colorimetric indicator for gas mask canisters which denotes the service life for a particular gas. 3. Recommended Requirements for Codes 3.1 Purpose. This section includes recom mended requirements for authorities consider ing establishment of respirator regulations or codes. The following recommended requirements are supplemented by recommended practices in subsequent sections of this standard. 32 Permissible Practice. In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breath ing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the- primary objective shall be to prevent atmo spheric contamination. This shall be accom plished as far as feasible by accepted engineer ing control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less toxic mate rials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following requirements. 3.3 Employer Responsibility 33.1 Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee. 332 The employer shall provide the respira tors which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. 333 The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which shall include the gen eral requirements outlined in 3.5. 3.4 Employee Responsibility 3.4.1 The employee shall use the provided res piratory protection in accordance with instruc tions and training received. 3.4.2 The employee shall guard against dam age to the respirator. 3.4.3 The employee shall report any malfunc tion of the respirator to the responsible person. 3.5 Minimal Acceptable Program 3.5.1 Written standard operating procedures governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established. 35.2 Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. See Section 4, Classification of Respiratory Hazards. 353 The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limita tions. See 7.4 and 7.5. 3.5.4 Where practicable, the respirators should be assigned to individual workers for their ex clusive use. 355 Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Those issued for the exclusive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's use, or more often if necessary. Those used by more than one worker shall be thor oughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. See 8.3. 35.6 Respirators shall be stored in a con venient, clean, and sanitary location. See 8.5. 35.7 Respirators used routinely shall be in spected during cleaning. Wom or deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Respirators for emer gency use such as self-contained devices shall be thoroughly inspected at least once a month and after each use. See 8.2. 355. Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress shall be maintained. See 6.3.4 and 10.4. 355 There shall be regular inspection and evaluation to determine the continued effec tiveness of the program. See Section 8, Mainte nance and Care of Respirators, and Section 10, Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness. 36 Program Administration. The plant or company industrial hygiene, health physics, safety engineering, or fire department shall ad minister the program in close liaison with the plant medical department. Responsibility for the program shall be vested in one individual. In small plants having no formal industrial hy giene, health physics, safety, fire, or medical department, the respirator program shall be administered by an upper-level superintendent, foreman, or other qualified individual respon sible to the principal manager. The administra tor shall have sufficient knowledge of the subject to properly supervise the program. - * r_ MV V. 4 9 100383 Tabic 1 Clusl6cation of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Biological Effect Oxygen Deficiency Occurrence! Confined or unventilated cellara, wella, minea, (hip holdi, tanka, banting building!, and endoeurea containing inert atmoapheraa. (8ee Note 1.) Atmospheric Or content (percent by volume) veraua expected cooditiooii 20.9 percent: Oxygen content of normal air. IS percent: Flame of aafety lamp or ordinary combustibles extinguiahed, and symptoms of anoxia begin to appear In human*. Cas and Vapor Contaminant! Particulate Contaminant! (Dutt, fog, fume, mitt, tmake, and tprayt) Aiphyxiantn Interfere with utilisation of O2 in the body. Simple asphyxiants: Physiologically inert sub stance* that dilute Oj in the air (for example, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, methane). See Oxygen Deficiency, Column 1. Chemical asphyxiants: Low concentrations in terfere with supply or utilisation of Or in the body (for example, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen and nitriles). Irritantsi Corrosive in action. May cause irritation and inflammation of parts of the respiratory system (also skin and eyes) and pulmonary edema (for example, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, form aldehyde, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, osone, nitro gen dioxide, phosgene, and arsenic trichloride). Aneithetici: Cause toes of feeling and sensation with unconsciousness and death possible (for example, nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons and ethers). Some anesthetic* injure body organa; for example, carbon tetrachloride (liver and kidneys), chloro form (liver and heart), benxene (bone marrow), and carbon disulfide (nervous system). Systemic poisomi Damage organs and systems in the body; for example, mercury (nervous system and various organs), phosphorous (bone), hydro gen sulfide (respiratory paralysis), and arsine (red blood cells and liver). Kelatively inert! May cause discomfort and minor irritation, but generally without injury at reason able concentrations (for example, marble, gyp sum). Pulmonary fibrosis-producing: Produce nodulation and fibrosis in the lung, possibly leading to com plications (for example, quartz, cristobalite, trxdymite, asbestos). Cancer-producing: Produce cancer in some indi viduals after "latent*' period of 20-40 years (for example, asbestos, chromates, radioactive particu lates). Chemical irritants: Produce irritation, inflammation, ulceration, and so forth, in upper respiratory tract (for example, acid mists, alkalis). Systemic poisons: Produce pathologic reactions in various systems of the body (for example, lead, manganese, cadmium). Allergy-producing: Produce reactions such as itch ing, sneezing and asthma (for example, pollens, isocyanates, gums, spices). Febrile reaction-producing; Produce chills followed by fever (for example, fumes of zinc and copper). Combinations of Cas, Vapor, and Particulate Contaminants Combinations of contaminants may occur simultaneously in the atmosphere. Contaminants may be entire ly different substance* (dusts and gates from blasting) or the particulate and vapor forms of the same substance Synergistic effects (joint action of two or more agents that results in an effect which is greater than the sum of their individual effects) may occur. Such effects may require extraordinary protective to NOTE 1: The adverse effects of oxygen deficiency increase with decreasing atmospheric pressure or increased altitude. NOTE 2: Condition* Immediately Dangeroue to Life or Health (see Section 2, Definitions) may result from most of the above hazards with the probable exception of nuisance or low toxicity duata. Such conditions constitute atmospheres that would rapidly lead to death or to injury that would eventually impair health. For example, a ten-minute exposure to. 120 parts per million (ppm) of phosgene may be fatal, and exposure to very high concentrations of a radio active material such as plutonium 239 could present a danger to health from delayed effects of radiation damage to body tissues. AM ERICAN N A TIO N A L STANDARD PRACTICES 100384 t FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 3.7 Medical Limitations. Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. The local physician shall deter mine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status should be reviewed periodically (for instance, annually). 3J1 Approval. Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available (see Sec tion 6, Selection of Respirators). The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard for which it is designed in accordance with stan dards established by competent authorities. The U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture are recognized as such authorities. (See Ap pendix, Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings.) Although respirators listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture continue to be ac ceptable for protection against specified pesti cides, the U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is the agency now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards 4.1 Introduction. The purpose of this section is to list and briefly describe various categories of respiratory hazards that might be encountered and which may require use of respirators. The information provides a general background for relating the guidance in subsequent sections to the type of hazard encountered. Management, however, will find it necessary to consult refer ences on industrial hygiene and toxicology and perhaps expert individuals to develop the nec essary comprehensive information on specific airborne contaminants. Respiratory hazards for the purpose of this standard, are classified as follows: (1) oxygen deficiency (2) gas and vapor contaminants (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (3) particulate contaminants (dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, and spray) (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (4) combination of gas, vapor, and particu late contaminants (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health Respirators may afford some protection against high temperature atmospheres. See 9.4. Further information on the hazards of and use of respirators in high temperatures is presented in a National Fire Protection Association pub lication, Breathing Apparatus for The Fire Service, published in 1966. 4.2 Classification and Description of Respira tory Hazards. The basic respiratory hazards listed in 4.1 are classified in Table 1 according to expected biological effects of the contami nants. Many respirators, particularly air-puri fying respirators, are designed and selected on the basis of chemical and physical properties of the air contaminants. Therefore, gas, vapor, and particulate contaminants are also presented in Table 2 according to their physical and chemical properties. Particle size distribution and solubility are important parameters for particulate contami nants. Particles smaller than 5 microns in aero dynamic diameter more readily reach the lungs and are more readily dissolved and absorbed into the bloodstream or deposited on lung tissue. The solubility of the material usually deter mines whether the resulting toxic effect, if any, is in the lungs or other organs. Particles larger than 5 microns aerodynamic diameter are gen erally trapped in the upper respiratory tract, cleared, and swallowed with possible subsequent absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, de pending on their solubility. 5. Classification, Description, and Limitations of Respirators 5.1 Introduction. The purpose of this section is to provide a description of the various types of respirators, their limitations, and capabilities, as a background for subsequent sections which discuss their selection, use, and maintenance. Respirators fall into the following general classifications, according to mode of operation: (1) atmosphere-supplying respirators (a) self-contained (b) hose-mask (c) air-line (d) combination self-contained and hosemask or air-line u loors* Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (2) air-purifying respirators (a) gas and vapor (gas mask and chemical cartridge) (b) particulate (dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, and sprays) (c) combination gas, vapor, and particu late (3) combination atmosphere-supplying and air-purifying respirators 5.2 Classification, Description and Limita tions of Respirators. This information is pre sented in two tables. Table 3 covers the classi fication and description of respirators according to the general classifications in 5.1. Table 4 covers capabilities and limitations of respirators arranged to correspond to the subject headings in Table 3. More detailed information on specific types of respirators can be obtained from respirator manufacturers and from the Respiratory Protec tive Devices Manual published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the Ameri can Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in 1963. The canister color codei table from American National Standard Identification of Gas Mask Canisters, K13.1-1967, is provided in Table 5. The code indicates the colors assigned to canis ters to identify the types of atmospheric con taminants against which they will protect. 53 Respirable Air and Oxygen for Self-Con tained Breathing Apparatus and Hose-Type Respirators. Compressed air, compressed oxy gen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for res- Table 2 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Properties which Influence Respirator Selection Cw and Vapor Contaminant* Particulate Contaminants Inert; They do not react with other substances under moot conditions and create a respiratory hazard by displacing air and producing oxygen deficiency (for example, helium, neon, argon). Acidic: Substances that are acids or that react with water to produce an acid. In water they produce posi tively charged hydrogen ions. They taste sour and many are corrosive to tissues (for example, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, fluorine, nitrogen dioxide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide). Alkaline; Substances that are alkalies or that react with water to produce an alkali. When in water solu tions, they result in the production of negstively charged hydroxyl ions (OH'). They taste bitter, and many are corrosive to tissues (for example, ammonia, amines, phosphine, arsine, and stibine). Organic: These are the compounds of carbon. Examples are saturated hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, butane), unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, acetylene), alco hols (methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol), ethers (methyl ether, ethyl ether), aldehydes (formaldehyde), ketones (dimethyl ketone), organic adds (formic add, acetic acid), halides (chloroform. carbon tetrachloride), amides (formamide. acetamide), nitrilea (acetonitrile), isocyanates (toluene diisocyanate), amines (methylamine), epoxies (epoxyethane, propylene oxide), and aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene). Organometallic: Compounds in which metals are chemi cally bonded to organic groups (for example, ethyl silicate, tetraethyl lead, and organic phosphates). Hydrides: Compounds in which hydrogen is chemically bonded, to metals and certain other elements (for example, diborane and lithium hydride). Particles are produced by mechanical means by the disintegration processes of grinding, crushing, drilling, blasting, and spraying; or by the physiochemical re actions such as combustion, vaporization, distillation, sublimation, calcination, and condensation. Particles are classified as follows: Dust: A solid mechanically produced particle with sizes varying from aubmicroscopic to visible or macroscopic. Spray: A liquid mechanically produced particle with sizes generally in the visible or macroscopic range. Fume: A solid condensation particle of extremely small particle size, generally leas than one micron in diam eter. Mist: A liquid condensation particle with sizes ranging from submicroscopic to visible or macroscopic. Fog: A mist of sufficient concentrate to perceptibly obscure vision- Smoke. A system which includes the products of incom plete combustion of organic substances in the form of solid and liquid particles and gaseous products in air. Smoke is usually of sufficient concentration to percep tibly obscure vision. 100386 12 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION piration shall be of high purity. Oxygen shall meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia for medical or breathing oxygen. Breathing air shall meet at least the require ments of the specification for Grade D breathing air as described in Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification G-7.1-1966. Compressed oxygen shall not be used in supplied-air respirators or in open-circuit selfcontained breathing apparatus that have pre viously used compressed air. Compressed air might contain low concentrations of oil. When high-pressure oxygen passes through an oil- or grease-coated orifice, an explosion or fire may occur. Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinders or air compressors. Cylinders shall be tested and maintained in accordance with applicable Department of Transportation or Interstate Commerce Commission Specifica tions for shipping containers. Compressors shall be constructed and situated so as to avoid entry of contaminated air into the system and suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters installed to further assure breathing air quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer to escape from a contaminated atmosphere in event of compressor failure, and alarms to indicate compressor failure and over heating shall be installed in the system (see 6.3.2). Air-line couplings shall be incompatible with outlets for other gas systems to prevent inadvertent servicing of air-line respirators with nonrespirable gases or oxygen. Breathing-gas containers shall be marked in accordance with American National Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained, Z48.1-1954; Federal Specification BB-A-I034a, June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for Breathing Purposes; or Interim Federal Specification GGB-00675b, April 27,1965, Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained- Further details on sources of compressed air and its safe use will be found in Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet G-71968. 6. Selection of Respirators 6.1 Approved or Accepted Respirators. When ever possible, approved or accepted respirators shall be used. Respirator approval and accept ance tests and listings and selection of other than approved or accepted respirators are dis cussed in the Appendix. Z88.2 6.2 General Considerations. The multiplicity of hazards that may exist in a given operation requires careful and intelligent respirator selec tion. This selection is made even more complex by the many types of respirators available. Each type has its limitations, areas of application, and operational and maintenance requirements. The selection of a proper respirator for any given situation requires consideration of the following factors: 1) nature of the hazard (see Section 4); 2) extent of the hazard; 3) work re quirements and conditions; and 4) characteris tics and limitations of available respirators (see Section 5). Table 6 is a quick reference guide for the selection of respiratory protection appropriate to the type and degree of hazard. The Table provides minimal guidance, however, and shall be used along with other information, such as that given in this standard and in directions provided by respirator manufacturers. When there is doubt about the concentration of oxygen or hazardous material present in the atmosphere, only those respirators listed as suitable for respiratory protection against oxy gen deficiency shall be used. Any erring in the selection of respirators shall be on the safe side. 6.3 Nature of the Hazard. The chemical and physical properties, toxicity, and concentration of the hazardous material shall be considered in respirator selection (see Section 4 for classifica tions and discussion of respiratory hazards). 6.3.1 Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres. Only respirators that provide an independent, respira ble atmosphere shall be used in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Normally, a self-contained breath ing apparatus, hose mask with blower, or air line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply is used for this purpose. Air-line respira tors without auxiliary air supply shall be used only with the precautions outlined in 6.3.2. An attendant shall be standing by at the entrance to the oxygen-deficient atmosphere at all times with proper communications and res cue equipment in case of an emergency. See 7.3 for use of respirators in oxygen-deficient atmo spheres. 633 immediately Dangerous Atmosphere. If it is probable that atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health may occur, then both the normally expected inward leakage (see 6.3.3) and the reliability of the respirator shall 100387 Tables Classification and Inscription of Respirators by Mode of Operation AM ERICAN N A TIO N A L STANDARD PRACTICES 100388 A respirable atmosphere independent of the ambient air i? supplied to the wearer. .. [SaU-Ceotalnad 1nathftgt? *cJ Air-Line f Unmiim. <8CBA) ! (II Hoae Mask Supply oi ajr! oxygen, or oxygen- generating material carried by wearer. Normally equipped with full facepiece, but acme with a mouthpiece for eecape purpose*. f Equipped with full facepiece, non kinking breathing tube, nigged safety hameee and a large diameter heavyduty nonkinking air supply bcee. The breathing tube and hoee are (I) Oeaed-Circuit SCBA (oxygen securely attached to the harness. A omy; check valve allows airflow only (a) Compressed or liquid oxygen toward the facepiece. The facepiece type. High-pressure Or from a gaa ( is fitted with an exhalation valve. cylinder paeeea through a high- The harness has provision for attach preeeure reducing valve and, in ing a safety tine. tome deeigne, through a low- (a) Hose mask with blower. Air is presaure admission valve to a supplied by a motor-driven or hand- breathing bag or container Liquid oxygen is converted to a tow- preeeure geseoua oxygen and deliv ered to the breathing bag. The i ' operated blower. The wearer can con tinue to inhale through the hoae if the blower fails. Up to 300 feet of hoae length ia permissible. wearer inhaler from the bag through a corrugated tube con nected to a mouthpiece or facepiece and a one-way check valve. Exhaled air paaeea through another check valve and tube into a container of carbon dioxide removing chemical and reenter* the breathing bag. Make up O* enter* the bag con- f ( (b) Hose mask without blower. The wearer provides motivating force to pull air through the hoee. The hoae inlet ia anchored and fitted with a funnel or like object covered with a fine mesh screen to prevent entrance of coarse particulate matter. Up to 75 feat of hose length is permissible. tinuously or aa the hag deflate* (8) Alt-Line Respirator sufficiently to actuate an admiaaion Respirable air is supplied through valve. A preeeure relief ayatem la a small-diameter air-line from a com provided and a manual bypaaa pressor or compressed air cylinders. ayatem and aaliva trap may be pro The airline is attached to the wearer vided depending upon the design. by belt and can be detached rapidly <b) Oxygen-generating type. Water in an emergency. A flow-control valve vapor in the exhaled breath react* { or orifice ia provided to govern the with chemical in the canister to rate of airflow to the wearer. Exhaled release Oj to the breathing bag. The air passes to the ambient atmosphere wearer inhale* from the bag through a valve (a) or opening in the through a corrugated tube and one- / enclosure (facepiece, hood, suit). Up way check valve at the facepiece. ' to 250 feet of air-line is permissible. Half-mask, full facepiece, or mouthpiece respirator equipped with air-purify ing units to remove gases, vapors, and particulate matter from the ambient air prior to its inhalation. f)cibt air-purifying respirators are biower-operatod -and provide respirable air to the facepiece (or hoodj^unjy a slight positive pressure. S> * ^ jpss^and Vapor-Rejagytogjjwptrator^ 1 Partleulsta-Betaortni Respirators^ Packed sorbent beds (cartridge Filter media in pads, cartridges, or or canister) remove single gases or caniaters remove dust, fog, fume, vapors (for example, chlorine gas), mist, smoke or spray particles. Fitters a single class of gases or vapors (for are designed to remove a single type axample, organic vapors) or a com I of particle (silica dust) or classes of bination of two or more classes of particles (dusts and fumes). Filters gases and vapors (for example, acid may be replaceable or a permanent /gases, organic vapors, ammonia, and carbon monoxide) by absorption, part of the respirator. Some filters can be used only once; others are adsorption, chemical reaction or l reusable and should be cleaned ac catalysis or a combination of these cording to the manufacturer's in method*. ^ _ ______ t) structions. (1) Full Facepiece Respirator (Cat (1) Full Facepiece Respirator Msst)---------- ---------- -------------- i Normally equipped with a high- Equipped with a single large chin canister or harness mounted canis ter with breathing tube and inhala tion and exhalation valves. Cania- efficiency filter canister designed to protect against hazardous particu lates. Equipped with inhalation and , exhalation valves. ten coma in the "super" size, "in (if Half-Mask Respirator dustrial" size (regular), and chin style. The service life is approxi mately proportional to the canister size for a given type of canister. Normally equipped with one or two dust, mist or fume filters designed to protect against nuisance and tow to moderate toxicity dust*, fumes, and Canisters for protecting against miats, an exhalation valve, end (nor- CO have an indicator or timer that t malty) inhalation valves. A knitted ahowa when the canister shall be fabric cover ia sometimes worn on changed. Canisters are marked in dust respirators to decrease discom bold letters with the contaminant fort. against which they protect and are color coded for quick identification according to the American National Standard Identification of Gas Mask Canisters, K 13.1-1967 (see Table 6). The maximum concentra (3) Mouthpiece Respirator Infrequently used as a particulate t respirator. (See Mouthpiece Respir ator, Gas- and Vapor-Removing, in column 3.) tion in which the canister can be safely used ia indicated on the label. ( I 9Jt\ FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 100389 Exhaled air passes through a second check valve breathing tube aaeembty into the canister. The Qj release rate la governed by the volume of exhaled air. CO* is re moved by the canister Ail. (?) OpenOfY* srKA/"gTir*T`|l au, AMI|Mum oxygen, Uquld air, or liquid oxygen) C.)o (a) Demand typo.* The demand valve permits oxygen or air flow only during inhalation. Exhaled breath peases to ambient atmo sphere through a valve (t) in the facepiece. A bypass system is pro vided in case of regulator failure except on escape-type unite. (S^Wiswra dsaiinliype, BduIpptidiav^hrftfU igcapiqpa ontyy ,,^Positive pressure fa maintained in the facepiece at all times. The ,, wearer usually has the option of selecting the demand or prestureO! demand mode of operation. (a) Continuous-flow dess. Equipped with a half-mask or full facepiece, or a helmet (abrasive Meeting) or hood covering the wearer's head and neck. *i |^t tour cubic feet of air. per minute to tight-fitting facepieces and six cubic feet per minute to loaeefitting hoods and helmets shall be a half maek or full facepiece. The demand valve permits flow of air only during inhalation. ^ (c) Pressure-demand type.f ^ Equipped with a half-B At facepiece. A positive pressure maintained in the facepiece at all times. A form of continuous air-line respirator (see air-line respirator above). Hie suit is one or two piece end of teak-resistant material. Air is supplied to the suit through a system of internal tubes to the head, trunk, and extremities. Air exhausts through valves locatsd in appropriate parte of the suit l^MJhjfRaapIratora*^ Normally a demand or pressure-demand typa air-tine respirator with full or half-mask facepiece, together with a small compressed-air cylinder to provide air If the normal supply fails. Wearer immediately returns to a respirable atmoephere if the normal air supply fails. (2f Half-Mask Besoirstor ^ChemicalCartridge Respirator) Equipped with one or more cart ridge and exhalation and inhalation valves. (3) Mouthpiece Bespjrajor.. A compact device designed for quick application when the atmo sphere unexpectedly is contami nated with a hazardous material. Normally consists of a housing with a mouthpiece and a single cartridge, a now damp, exhalation and Inha lation valves, and a neckband. yTSamMaatiUU Casj'Vspor; sod PsttiOBliadKsmerle? Mjpfratms) Some canisters and cartridge* contain both filters end sorbents to provide protection against contaminants. Some filters are designed to be attached to a sorbent cartridge aa a pre-filter (for example, for paint spray operation). Igharttiiiitiad Ahnatphtti^Upplrlng' sad Alr-Farlfrist: , These provide the wearer the option of using either of two differentmode* o! opersilort. They msy tW M'AlHine respirator with an air-purifying attachment to provide protection in the event the air supply fails or an air-purifying respirator with a small air cylinder in caw the atmosphere unexpectedly exceeds safe conditions for use of an air-purifying rwpirator. *Equipped with e demand valve that is activated on Initiation of inhalation and permits the flow of breathing atmoephere to the facepiece. On exhalation, pres sure in the facepiece becomes positive and the demand valve is deactivated. tA small positive pressure is maintained at all times in the facepiece by a spring-loaded or balanced regulator and exhalation valve. Table 4 Capabilities and Limitations of Respirators Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator* (See 5.3 (or apecificationa on respirable atmospheres.) Atmosphere-supplying respirators provide protection against oxygen defi ciency and most toxic almotpherei. The breathing atmosphere is indepen dent of ambient atmospheric conditions. Cenera! Limitations! Except for the aupplied-air suit, no protection is provided against akin irritation by materials such as Ammonia and HCl, or against sorption of materials such as HCN, tritium, or organic phosphate pesticides through the skin. See 6.3.5.1. Facepieces present special problem* to indi viduals required to wear prescription lenses (see 9.t and 9.2). Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 8 The wearer carries his own breath ing atmosphere. Use is permissible in atmospheres immediately dan CO gerous to life or health. (0 Limitations: The period over which a the device will provide protection is limited by the amount of air or oxygen in the apparatus, the am bient atmospheric pressure (service life is cut in half by a doubling of the atmospheric pressure), and work load. A warning device shall be provided to indicate to the wearer when the service life baa been reduced to a low level. Soane SCBA devices have a short service life (few minutes) and are suitable only for escape (seif-reecue) from an irrespiraMe atmosphere. Chief limitationa of SCBA device* an their weight or bulk or both, limited service life, and the training re quired for their maintenance and safe use. (1) Closed-circuit SCBA The closed circuit operation con serves oxygen and permits longer service life. Hot* Mark or Alr-Une Respirator The respirable air supply is not limited to the quantity the individual can carry, and-the devices are light weight and simple. Limitations: The wearer is restricted in movement by the hose or air-line and must return to a respirable atmosphere by retracing hie route of entry. The hose or air-lino is subject to being severed or pinched off. (1) Hose Mask (a) Hose mask with blower. If the blower fails, the unit still provides protection, although a negative pres sure exists in the facepiece during inhalation. Uae is permissible in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. (b) Hose mask without Mower. Limited to use in atmospheres from which the wearer can escape un harmed without aid of the respirator. (2) Air-Line Respirators (ContinuousFlow, Demand and Pressure-Demand Type*) The demand type produce* a nega tive pressure in the facepiece on inhalation whereas continuous flow and pressure-demand types maintain Air-Purifying Respirator* General Limitations! Air-purifying respirators do not protect against oxygendeficient atmospheres nor against skin irritation by, or aorption through the akin of, airborne contaminants. See 6.3.1. and 6.3.5.I. The maximum contaminant concentration against which an air purifying respirator wilt protect is determined by the designed efficiency and capacity of the cartridge, canister, or filter. For gases and vapors and (or particles having a TLV of less than 0.1 mj/m1, the maximum concentration for which the air purifying unit is designed is specified on the label. Respirators without a blower to maintain a constant positive pressure within the facepiece will not provide the maximum design protection specified unless the facepiece is care fully fitted to the wearer's face to prevent inward leakage. See 7.5. The time period over which protection is provided is dependent on canister, cartridge, or Alter type, concentration of contaminant, and the wearer's respiratory rate. The proper type of canister, cartridge, or filter shall be selected for the particular atmosphere and conditions. Air-purifying respirators generally cause discomfort and objectionable resistance to breathing although these problems are minimized in blower-operated units. Respirator facepieces pre sent special problems to individuals required to wear prescription lenses. (See 9.1 and 9.2.) These devices do have the advantage of being small, light, and simple in operation. Css- and Vapor-Removing Respirators Additional Limitations: No protec tion is provided against particulate contaminanta, unleas specified on canister or cartridge label. A rise in canister or cartridge temperature indicates that a gas or vapor is being removed from the inspired air. This is not a reliable indicator of canister performance. An uncomfortaMy high temperature indicate* a high concentration of gas or vapor and requires an immediate return to fresh air. (1) Full Facepiece Respirator (Css Mask) Should avoid use in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health if the contaminant (a) lacks sufficient warning properties (that is, odor or irritation). Particulate-Removing Respirators Additional Limitationa: Protect against non-volstile particles only. No protection against gases and vapors. The filter shell be replaced or cleaned when breathing becomes difficult due to plugging by retained particle*. These respirators shall not be used during shot and sand blasting opera tions. Abrasive-biasting respirator* shall be used. (1) Full Facepiece Respirator Should avoid use in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health if the contaminant (s) lacks sufficient warning properties (that is, odor or irritation). > wZ so o> z z > a o z >r > z o> so o *sToJ > 3 wo CO FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (2) Open-circuit SCBA--demand and preuure-dem and The demand type produoee a negative pressure in the facepiece on inhalation whereaa the presauredemand type maintaina a paaitive preaeure in the facepiece and ia ieea apt to permit inward leakage of contamlnanta. a poaitive preaeure in the facepiece at all time* and are leaa apt to permit inward leakage of contaminanta. Limitation!: Air-tine reapiratora are limited to uae in atmoapheres not immediately dangeroua to life or health except under condition spedfied in 6.3.2 and 7.3. Air-line reepirators provide no protection if the air aupply faila. (3)Supplied-Air Suit 171000 auite protect against atmoapheree that affect the akin or mucoue membranea or that may be abeorbed through the unbroken akin. Limitations: Some contaminanta, auch aa tritium, may penetrate the auit material and limit ita effective ness. Other contaminanta, auch aa fluorine, may react chemically with the auit material and damage it See 6.3.5.1. These suits are limited in uae to atmospheres not immediately danger ous to life or health except under the conditions specified in 6.3.2 and 7.3. (2) Half-Mask Respirator (ChemicalCartridge Respirator) Shall not uae in atmospheres im mediately dangerous to life or health and should be limited to low concentrations of gases and vapors. A fabric covering shall not be worn on the facepiece since it will permit gases and vapora to pass. No protaction is provided to the eyes. (3) Mouthpiece Respirator (Chemical Cartridge) Shall not be used in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. Mouth breathing prevents detection of contaminants by odor. The nose clip shall be securely in place to prevent nasal breathing. No protection is provided to the eyes. (4) Sell-Rescue Mouthpiece Respira tor Designed for self-rescue from im mediately dangerous atmospheres of gases and vapors. Mouth breath ing prevents detection of contam inants by odor. The noee dip shall be securely in place to prevent nasal breathing. No protection is provided to the eyes. (2) Half-Mask Respirator Shall not be used in atmoapheres immediately dangerous to life or health. A fabric covering on the facepiece is permissible only in atmo spheres of coarse dusts and miata of low toxidty. No protection ia provided to the eyea. (3) Mouthpiece Respirator (Filter) Shall not be used in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. Mouth breathing prevents detection of contaminants by odor. The nose clip shall be securely In place to prevent nasal breathing. No protection is provided to the eyes from irritating aerosols. (4) Self-Rescue Mouthpiece Respirator (Filter) Designed for self-rescue from atmospheres having immediately dangerous concentrations of toxic particles. Mouth breathing prevents detection of contaminanta by odor. The noee clip shall ba securely in place to prevent nasal breathing. No protection is provided to the eyes from irritating aerosols. Combination Self-Contained and Air-Line Respirators The equipping of an air-line respirator with a small cylinder of compressed air to provide an emergency air supply qualifies the respirator (or use in immediately dangerous atmospheres. See 6.3.2. Combination Particulate and Vapor- and Cas-Removing Respirators The advantages and disadvantages of the component parts of the combination respirator as described above will apply, Combination Atmosphere-Supplying and Air-Purifying Respirators The advantages and disadvantages, expressed above, of the mode of operation being used will govern The mode with the greater limitations (air-purifying mode) will mainly determine the overall capabilities and limitations of the respirator since the wearer may for some reason fail to change the mode of opera tion even though conditions would require such change. C.) ri CJ Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES be given full consideration. In oxygen-deficient atmospheres with no toxic materials, inward leakage is normally not a problem unless the leakage exceeds a few percent, 4t.jr'eaMfttial -that,' in highly-toxk-atmQspberea, inward leakage^if an^y-bejninuteclke 6.&2.1 nad use df-xespiritors^n munediateljc-dangeroas atmoephereo^ 6.&2.1Respirators Recommended for Im mediately Dangerous Atmospheres. The U. S. Bureau of Mines and responsible industrial hy giene and safety organizations recommend the following respirators, listed in decreasing order with regard to the protection they offer the wearer, for use in atmospheres immediately dan gerous to life or health. These atmospheres in clude those which are oxygen deficient or where high concentrations of gases or vapors exist: (1) pressure-demand open-circuit or pres sure-type closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (2) combination pressure-demand air-line res pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply (3) combination constant-flow air-line res pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply Table 5 Color Code for Gas-Mask Canisters (ANSI K13.1-1967) Atmospheric Contaminants to be Protected Against Colon Assigned* Acid gases Hydrocyanic acid gas White White with Vi-inch green stripe completely round the canister nesr the bottom Chlorine gas White with Vi-inch yellow stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Organic vapors Black Ammonia gas Green Acid gases and ammonia gas Carbon monoxide Acid gases and organic vapor* Hydrocyanic acid gas and chloropicrin vapor Green with )finch white stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Bine Yellow Yellow with Vi-inch blue stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Acid gases, organic vapors, and ammonia gases Brown Radioactive materials, except ing tritium and noble gases Purple (Magenta) Particulates (dusts, fumes, mists, fogs, or smokes) in combination with any of the above gases or vapors All of the above atmospheric contaminants "~t_ ~rr -rr?1 /t:t t.'::1" Canister color for contaminant, as designated above, with Vi-inch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top Red with Vi-inch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top NOTK: jhll be used a complete body, or atrip* color to represent gate* not included in thin table. The uvr will need to refer to the eanialer label to determine the degree of protection the ranirter will afford. 18 100392 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (4) demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (where there may be a negative pressure in the breathing system at any time) (5) combination demand-flow air-line res pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply (6) hose mask with blower When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blowers are used in atmo spheres immediately dangerous to life or health, standby men must be present with suitable res cue equipment 6&Z2 Other Respirators Which May Be Used under Certain Conditions in Atmospheres Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health.$& nr-wmm. TOeddMTOr<'ns4?4^!iWfiiahttelyiJangerou8atgiO^ifaWt l^AiiaafcnoTesptnitory^protection is ptofftft*!"air^Sttpptjr fdfl* However, it Z88.2 routine protection or operational designs pre clude use of the recommended types of respira tors which workers should wear, the following air-line respirators may be considered, provided an adequate flow of respirable air is maintained. These are listed in decreasing order with regard to the protection they provide for the wearer. (1) pressure-demand air-line respirator with full facepiece (2) continuous-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece, helmet, hood, or suit (3) demand-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece (4) pressure-demand air-line respirator with half-mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do not cause eye irritation or injury) (5) continuous-flow air-line respirator with half-mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do not cause eye irritation or injury) Table 6 Guide for Selection of Respirators Hazard Respirator (See Note 1.) Oxygen Deficiency Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask with blower. Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply or an air-storage receiver with alarm. Qas and Vapor Contaminants Immediately dangerous to life or health. (See Note 2.) Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask with blower. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with chemical canister (gas mask). Seif-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply or an air-storage receiver with alarm. Not immediately dangerous to Air-tine respirator. life or health. Hose mask without blower. Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with chemical cartridge. Particulate Contaminants Immediately dangerous to life or health. (See Note 2.) Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask with blower. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with appropriate litter. Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply or an air-storage receiver with alarm. Not immediately dangerous to life or health. Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with filter pad or cartridge. Air-line respirator. Air-line abrasive-blasting respirator. Hose mask without blower. Combination gas, vapor, and particulate contaminants Immediately dangerous to life or health. (See Note 2.) Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask with blower. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with chemical canister and appropriate filter (gas mask with titter). Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply or an air-storage receiver with alarm. Not Immediately dangerous to life or health. Air-line respirator. Hose mask without blower. Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with chemical cartridge and appro priate Alter. NOTE 1: For details on descriptions, capabilities, and limitations of respirators, refer to Tables 3 and 4. NOTE 2: For details on use of respirators in hazardous atmospheres, see 6.32 and 7.3. 19 100393 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (6) demand-flow air-line respirator with half mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do not cause eye irritation or injury) Pressure-demand or continuous-flow air-line respirators with full facepiece provide the wearer with a degree of respiratory protection equal to that afforded by a positive pressure self-con tained breathing apparatus as long as an ade quate flow of respirable air is maintained. Also, a demand-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece would be equivalent to a demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus as long as an adequate supply of respirable air is maintained. Persons using air-line respirators in atmo spheres immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped with safety harnesses and safety lines for lifting or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or other and equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons from haz ardous atmospheres shall be used. A .standby man or men with suitable self-contained breath ing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emergency rescue. Before a person is permitted to wear an air line respirator in a hazardous atmosphere, an industrial hygiene, health physics, or safety en gineering department representative or a qual ified industrial hygienist, health physicist, or safety engineer shall be responsible for com pliance with the following: (1) Air-line hose from a compressor or cylin der air supply shall be protected from damage, including cutting, kinking, crushing, or burning. In some cases an armored hose shall be used. Hose couplings shall be prot< :ted against dis connection. Trailing air-line nose shall be ar ranged to minimize tripping and to permit ready escape. (2) The cylinder containing the air supply for an air-line respirator shall be tested for oxy gen concentration and carbon monoxide content and shall be respirable. All air shall meet the minimum specification for Type I, Grade D gaseous air of the Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air, G-7.1-1966. The air supply in the cylinder shall be adequate for completion of the work and escape. Oxygen must never be used with air-line respirators. (3) The compressor for supplying air shall be equipped with necessary safety and standby devices. A breathing air-type compressor shall be used. An air-storage receiver shall also be provided to furnish the wearer with an adequate supply of escape air if the compressor fails to operate A compressor shutoff alarm and nec essary aerosol and vapor and gas filters shall also be incorporated into the system. If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, it shall have a high-temperature or carbon monox ide alarm, or both. If only a high-temperature alarm is used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently tested for carbon monoxide to in sure that it meets the specifications in 6.3.2.2 (2). (4) The wearer shall be properly trained in the use of the air-line respirator and shall be well-informed of the hazard. A standard operat ing procedure shall be prepared for each situa tion for which air-line respirators are employed in atmospheres immediately hazardous to life or health, and air-line respirator users shall be thoroughly familiar with this procedure. (5) Continuous-flow air-line respirators are designed for maximum comfort with a minimum airflow that will adequately protect the wearer in a non-hazardous atmosphere. However, they are capable of providing adequate airflow to protect the wearer in a hazardous atmosphere. This adequate airflow is obtained when the air flow control valve is fully open. The recommended minimum airflows for use of air-line respirators in hazardous atmospheres are five cubic feet per minute to tight fitting facepieces and seven cubic feet per minute to loose fitting hoods or helmets. Persons wearing supplied-air suits shall follow the manufacturer's instructions concerning minimum airflow. For further information on furnishing com pressed air to air-line respirators, refer to Com pressed Gas Association Pamphlet G-7-1968. See 7.3 concerning safe procedures during use of respirators in atmospheres immediately danger ous to life or health. 6A3 Not Immediately Dangerous Atmo spheres. If immediately dangerous atmospheres are not present or will not occur, then the con sequences of respirator failure are lessened and emphasis can be placed on other factors such as long term protection, convenience, cost, com fort, and wearer acceptance. These factors should be weighed one against another since they are not always compatible. However, long term protection should be given priority over all other factors. 20 00394 ifry FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Long term protection is determined primarily by the amount of inward leakage of atmospheric contaminants during normal usage of the res pirator. The various types of respirators are grouped below according to the increasing amount of inward leakage one might expect during their routine use. Group 1 Supplied-air suit Pressure-demand full facepiece open-circuit and air-line devices Pressure-type full facepiece closed-circuit self- contained breathing apparatus Continuous-flow full facepiece air-line respirator Air-line respirator with loose-fitting hood gath ered around the waist Hose-mask with blower and full facepiece mask Group 2 Demand-type full facepiece open-circuit selfcontained breathing apparatus Demand-type full facepiece air-line respirator Pressure-demand half-mask air-line respirator Group 3 Continuous-flow half-mask air-line respirator Demand-type half-mask air-line respirator Air-line respirator with loose-fltting hood gath ered around the neck Group 4 Air-purifying respirator with blower and with full facepiece or hood gathered around the waist Group 5 Air-purifying respirator with blower and with half-mask facepiece or hood gathered around the neck Group 6 Hose mask without blower Air-purifying full facepiece respirator without blower Group 7 Air-purifying half-mask respirator without blower Mouthpiece respirator The negative pressure produced in the face- piece of many respirators (some in Groups 2 and 3 and all in Groups 6 and 7) during inhala tion will cause inward leakage of ambient air if leaks exist. The amount of inward leakage ex pected for various types of respirators is vaguely understood and is related to the facepiece-toface seal and leakage of various components in cluding air-purifying units. For Group I, in ward leakage will normally be infinitesimal or Z88.2 nonexistent. For Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, inward leakage will normally be minute. In Group 6, inward leakage with a good facepiece-to-face seal and with ideal wearing conditions may be as low as 0.1 percent. In practice, however, this low level leakage is usually not attained due to poor facepiece-to-face fit and adverse wearing conditions such as face movements and beard growth. For Group 7, inward leakage with good facepiece-to-face fit and ideal wearing condi tions may be as low as 1 percent. This leakage level, however, is seldom attained for reasons similar to those cited for devices in Group 6. It is, therefore, important (particularly for devices in Groups 6 and 7) that due consideration be given to potential inward leakage in selecting devices. Experience has demonstrated that not all persons can obtain a satisfactory facepiece-toface seal with a single full facepiece or half-mask air-purifying respirator. Therefore, to provide an adequate facepiece-to-face seal on a variety of facial features, it may be necessary that two or more models of full facepiece or half-mask respirators be available. When an individual can be fitted with two or more respirators, he should be permitted to select the most comfortable device. See 7.5 for a discussion of face fit tests and procedures. 6.3.4 Monitoring of Air Contaminants. Eval uation of contaminant concentration to which a person wearing a respirator may be exposed is an integral part of an effective respirator pro gram. Air sampling data are important in the selection of the proper respirator and should include: 1) identification of the contaminant; 2) nature of the hazard; and 3) concentration at the breathing zone. The data are also helpful in estimating the possible levels of exposure that may have occurred during use of respirators. In an air monitoring program, sampling should be carried out over at least one cycle of operation and, preferably, over several cycles when production activity varies. Normally, samples should be collected at the worker's breathing zone. However, where necessary, gen eral air samples should be collected in the vicinity of the operation. The sampling period will be determined by the sensitivity of the analytical method and the acceptable contami nant concentration. It is important that representative samples be obtained. The number of samples to be taken depends on the variation in contaminant 21 100395 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES generation rate during the operation. Sampling data should permit estimation of the worker's time weighted exposure. The peak contaminant concentration should also be estimated to as sure that the respirator selected will provide adequate protection against high transient air concentrations. Breathing zone sampling is important since significant variations in concentrations are noted between general air and the worker's breathing zone. Use of personal or lapel air samplers is encouraged since they have been shown to more closely identify the true exposure. Although it is recognized that in emergency situations air sampling cannot be carried out as outlined above, every reasonable effort shall be made to evaluate conditions of exposure and to provide appropriate respiratory protection. Where a high hazard potential exists, a conserv ative estimate should be made. 6.3.5 Unusual Hazards. Unusual factors can add new dimensions to a hazardous situation and should be anticipated in selecting respira tors. Some examples are provided here. 6X5.1 Absorption through or Irritation of the Skin. Some airborne contaminants are ex tremely irritating to the skin (for example, ammonia and hydrochloric acid) while others are capable of being absorbed through the skin and into the blood stream with serious, possibly fatal, results. Hydrocyanic acid gas and many of the organic phosphate pesticides, such as parathion, malathion, and tetraethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP), will penetrate the unbroken skin. A facepiece or hood respirator will not afford com plete protection against these contaminants. If the concentration is high, or if exposure is pro longed, a full body-covering suit of impermeable material shall be worn with respiratory protec tion. A facepiece may not be required if the suit is leakproof and adequately ventilated. 6X1.2 Radiation of Skin and Whole Body. The respirator may not protect the skin or whole body against radiation from airborne con centrations of certain radionuclides including noble gas radionuclides and other relatively bio logically inert gases. 6.4 Extent and Location of Hazard. The ex tent of the hazard in space and time and its physical location shall be considered in respira tor selection. They include the length of time protection will l>e needed, entry and exit times, accessibility of a fresh air supply, and the ability to use air lines or move about freely while wear ing the respirator. The location of the contaminated area in respect to a possible source of respirable air requires special consideration. In using a hose mask, air-line respirator, or abrasive-blasting respirator, the distance that the wearer can go into a contaminated atmosphere is limited by the length of hose connected to the source of respirable air. Furthermore, the presence of the hose requires that he enter and leave the area by the same route unless the device is equipped with an auxiliary air cylinder, chemical canister or cartridge, or particulate filter appropriate for use in withdrawal. While wearing a self-con tained breathing apparatus or a gas mask, a person may leave the contaminated area by any exit, but he should make certain that the device will afford protection until he reaches respirable air, taking into account possible delays. 6.5 Work Requirements and Conditions 6.5.1 Work Time. Work time usually deter mines the length of time for which respiratory protection is needed, including the time neces sary to enter and leave a contaminated area. A self-contained breathing apparatus, gas mask, or chemical-cartridge respirator provide respira tory protection for relatively short periods, whereas the hose mask with blower, air-line respirator, and abrasive-blasting respirator pro vide protection for as long as the facepiece is supplied with adequate respirable air. Particu late-filter respirators can provide protection for long periods, without need for filter replacement, only if the atmospheric particulate loading is low. Therefore, for protracted periods of use, the hose mask with blower and air-line respira tors offer definite advantages. They also cause less discomfort than air-purifying respirators. Some respirators have a means for indicating the remaining service life. Some type of warning is available for all self-contained breathing ap paratus and some gas masks. This may be a pressure gage, timer, audible or physical alarm, or window indicator in the canister. The user should understand the operation and limitations of each type of warning device. Most other gas masks and chemical-cartridge respirators have no indicator of remaining service life. Canisters and cartridges should be changed according to the manufacturer's directions. 6.5.2 Activity of Wearer. The work area to be covered, work rate, and mobility required of 22 100396 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 the wearer in carrying out hia work should be considered in respirator selection. Air-purifying respirators present minimal in terference with the wearer's movement. Supplied-air respirators with trailing hoses severely restrict the area the wearer can cover and pre sent a potential hazard where the trailing hose can come in contact with machinery. Self-con tained breathing apparatus present a size and weight penalty which may restrict climbing and movement in tight places. The wearer's work rate determines his res piratory minute volume, maximum inspiratory flow rate, and inhalation and exhalation breath ing resistance. The respiratory minute volume is of great significance in self-contained and air line respirators operated from cylinders since it determines their operating life. Useful life under moderate work conditions may be one-third that under rest conditions. Peak airflow rate is important in the use of constant-flow air-line equipment. Hie air-supply rate should always be greater than the peak inspiratory flow rate to maintain the respiratory enclosure under positive pressure. High breathing resistance of air-purifying respirators under conditions of heavy work can result in distressed breathing. 644 Vision. All facepieces will restrict, to some degree, the wearer's vision. This may in crease accident potential. Other problems in clude wearing of prescription glasses and fogging of the respirator lens (see 9.1,9.2, and 9.3). 644 Communications. Effective speech com munication may be required in jobs for which the respirator is being selected. Section 9.5 pro vides information in this subject. 64.5 Temperature Extremes* The ability to cope with stress caused by temperature ex tremes is especially important in emergency situations when only immediately available res pirators can be used. See 94 and 9.4 for further details on use of respirators in temperature ex tremes. 644 Eye Protection. Where required, fullfacepiece respirator eyepieces and eye protection worn with half-mask facepieces shall meet the pertinent requirements of American National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educa tional Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968. 64 Employee Acceptance and Face Fit. These factors are of prime importance in respirator selection. The wearer's acceptance of a particu lar respirator depends on the lack of facepiece discomfort, interference with vision, weight of the device, breathing resistance, and individual physical condition and psychological factors. The ability to form a good facepiece-to-face seal depends on respirator design and facial features, and is usually the most important factor in obtaining proper protection with an air-puri fying respirator, particularly of the half-mask type. See 7.5 for a discussion of face-fit tests and procedures. 7. Use of Respirators 7.1 Operating Procedures. Standard proced ures shall be developed for respirator use. These should include all information and guidance necessary for their proper selection, use, and care. Possible emergency and routine uses of respirators should be anticipated and planned for. 74 Issuance of Respirators. The correct res pirator shall be specified for each job. The res pirator type is usually specified in the work pro cedures by a qualified individual supervising the respiratory protective program. The individual issuing them shall be adequately instructed to insure that the correct respirator is issued. Each respirator permanently assigned to an individual should be durably marked to indicate to whom it was assigned. This mark shall not affect the respirator performance in any way. The date of issuance should be recorded. 74 Use in Dangerous Atmospheres. Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres that might be encountered in normal operations or in emergencies. Personnel shall be familiar with these procedures and the available respirators. In areas where the wearer, with failure of the respirator, could be overcome by a toxic or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, at least one addi tional man ahall be present Communications (visual, voice, or signal line) shall be maintained between both or all individuals present. Plan ning shall be such that one individual will be unaffected by any likely incident and have the proper rescue equipment to be able to assist the other(s) in case of emergency. See 64.1 and 64.2 for guidance on selection of respirators for use in dangerous atmospheres. 23 100"S7 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Use. For safe use of any respirator, it is essential that the user be properly instructed in its selection, use, and maintenance. Both supervisors and workers shall be so instructed by competent persons. Minimum training shall include the following: (1) Instruction in the nature of the hazard, whether acute, chronic, or both, and an honest appraisal of what may happen if the respirator is not used. (2) Explanation of why more positive con trol is not immediately feasible. This shall in clude recognition that every reasonable effort is being made to reduce or eliminate the need for respirators. (3) A discussion of why this is the proper type of respirator for the particular purpose. (4) A discussion of the respirator's capabil ities and limitations. (5) Instruction and training in actual use of the respirator (especially a respirator for emergency use) and close and frequent super vision to assure that it continues to be properly used. (6) Classroom and field training to recog nize and cope with emergency situations. (7) Other special training as needed for spe cial use. Training shall provide the men an oppor tunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, test its facepiece-to-face seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and, finally, to wear it in a test atmosphere. 7.5 Facepiece Fit Testa and Procedures. Every respirator wearer shall receive fitting in structions including demonstrations and prac tice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if it fits properly. Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal. Such con ditions may be a growth of beard, sideburns, a skull cap that projects under the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece. The worker's diligence in ob serving these factors shall be evaluated by periodic checks. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he puts on the respirator. This may be done by following the manufacturer's facepiece-fitting instructions such as these two simple field tests: (1) Positive Pressure Test. Close the exhala tion valve and exhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit is considered satisfactory if a slight positive pressure can be built up inside the facepiece without any evidence of outward leakage of air at the seal. For most respirators, this method of leak testing requires that the wearer first remove the exhalation valve cover and then carefully replace it after the test. (2) Negative Pressure Test. Close off the inlet opening of the canister or cartridge(s) by covering with the palm of the hand(s) or by replacing the seal(s), inhale gently so that the facepiece collapses slightly, and hold the breath for ten seconds. If the facepiece remains in its slightly collapsed condition and no inward leakage of air is detected, the tightness of the respirator is probably satisfactory. Potential users of respirators should also be required to test their facepiece fit by wearing the respirator under realistic test conditions. A concentration of 100 parts per million isoamyl acetate vapor (obtained by vaporizing 17.3 milli liters of isoamyl acetate for each 1,000 cubic feet of room volume) may be prepared in a special chamber, a small plastic enclosure, or in a vacant room. If the person wearing the respirator can enter and remain in this test atmosphere without detecting the odor of isamyl acetate, he has a good fit. If he detects the odor, he should retreat to fresh air, readjust the facepiece, and repeat the test. If leakage is still noted, it can be concluded that this particular respirator will not protect the wearer. The wearer should not continue to tighten the headband straps until they are un comfortably tight, simply to achieve a gas-tight face fit. If fitted too tightly, the wearer will not wear the respirator or will wear it fitting com fortably loose and will not have a gas-tight seal. Particulate-filter respirators can frequently be adapted for use with chemical cartridges and may also be tested for face fit in isoamyl acetate. To check the fit of a respirator equipped with a high-efficiency particulate filter, an irritant smoke tube (glass tube 12 centimeters long by 1 centimeter diameter, filled with stannic chlor ide-impregnated pumice) produces a very irritating smoke when air is blown through it. The smoke is directed at the facepiece seal and leakage is indicated by irritation of the throat and lungs. (When testing half-mask facepieces, 24 100398 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 do not direct the smoke into th eyes and in struct the wearer to keep his eyes dosed during the test.) Freshly produced smoke particles from this tube range from less than 0.1 to 3 mi crons in diameter. The glass tube is scored at each end for easy breaking. A squeeze bulb with a short rubber tube aspirates air through the tube; visible smoke is immediately formed by contact with moisture in the air. The irritant is hydrochloric acid absorbed on the particulate. A similar smoke is produced with a sulfur trioxide or titanium tetrachloride tube. Several methods of determining facepiece fit are described in detail in the Respiratory Pro tective Devices Manual, published by the Amer ican Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists in 1963. 8. Maintenance and Care of Respirators 8.1 General. A program for maintenance and care of respirators shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working conditions, and hazards in volved, and shall include the following basic services: (1) inspection for defects (including a leak check) (2) cleaning and disinfecting (3) repair (4) storage Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. 8.2 Inspection. All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used but is kept ready for emergency use shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure that it is in satis factory working condition. Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manu facturer's instructions. It shall be determined that the regulator and warning devices function properly. Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer parts shall be inspected for pliability and signs of de terioration. Stretching and manipulating rubber or elastomer parts with a massaging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. A record shall be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emer gency use. 8.3 Cleaning and Disinfection. Routinely used respirators shall be collected, cleaned, and dis infected as frequently as necessary to insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Each worker should be briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured that he will always receive a clean and disinfected respira tor. Such assurances are of greatest significance when respirators are not individually assigned to workers. Respirators maintained for emer gency use shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use. The following procedure is recommended for cleaning and disinfecting respirators: (1) Remove any filters, cartridges, or canis ters. (2) Wash facepiece and breathing tube in cleaner-disinfectant or detergent solution (see following paragraphs). Use a hand brush to fa cilitate removal of dirt. (3) Rinse completely in clean, warm water. (4) Air dry in a clean area. (5) Clean other respirator parts as recom mended by manufacturer. (6) Inspect valves, headstraps, and other parts; replace with new parts if defective. (7) Insert new filters, cartridges, or canis ters; make sure seal is tight. (8) Place in plastic bag or container for stor age. Cleaner-disinfectant solutions are available that effectively clean the respirator and contain a bactericidal agent. The bactericidal agent is generally a quaternary ammonium compound. The respirator may be immersed in the solution, rinsed in clean, warm water, and air dried. Alternatively, respirators may be washed in a liquid detergent solution, then immersed in: 1) a hypochlorite solution (50 parts per mil lion of chlorine) for 2 minutes; 2) an aqueous iodine solution (50 parts per million of iodine) for 2 minutes; or 3) a quaternary ammonium solution (200 parts per million of quarternary ammonium compounds in water with less than 500 parts per million total hardness). 25 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES Different concentrations of quaternary am* monium salts are required to achieve a disin fecting solution with waters of varying hardness. Also, dermatitis may occur if the quaternary ammonium compounds are not completely rinsed from the respirator. The hypochlorite and iodine solutions are not stable; they age rubber parts, and are corrosive to metallic parts. There fore, immersion times should not be extended and the disinfectants shall be thoroughly rinsed from the respirator parts. Strong cleaning and disinfecting agents can damage respirator parts. Temperatures above 185 degrees Fahrenheit and vigorous mechanical agitation should not be used. Solvents which affect elastomer or rubber parts should be used with caution. Respirators may be contaminated with toxic materials (that is, organic phosphate pecticides and radionuclides). If the contamination is light, normal cleaning procedures should provide satisfactory decontamination; if heavy, a sepa rate decontamination step may be required be fore cleaning. For complete decontamination against phos phate pesticides, the respirator should be washed with alkaline soap and rinsed with 50 percent alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl). Respirators used to protect against radioac tive contaminants should be decontaminated to levels not exceeding 100 disintegrations per min ute per 100 square centimeters fixed alpha and 0.2 millirad per hour of beta-gamma above background at contact. There should be no detectable removable activity using standard swipe techniques. 8.4 Repair. Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respirator. No attempt shall he made to replace components or to make ad justment or repairs beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Reducing or admission valves or regulators shall be returned to the manufac turer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. 8.5 Storage. After inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be stored in compart ments built for the purpose, be quickly acces sible at all times, and be clearly marked. Rou tinely used respirators, such as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons. Respirators should be packed or stored so that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in a normal position and function will not be impaired by the elastomer setting in an ab normal position. Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators, such as gas masks and self-contained breathing apparatus, are found in "use and care" instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. 9. Special Problems 9.1 Corrective Lens with Full Facepiece. Pro viding respiratory protection for individuals wearing corrective glasses is a serious problem. A proper seal cannot be established if the temple bars of eye glasses extend through the sealing edge of the full facepiece. As a temporary mea sure, glasses with short temple bars or without temple bars may be taped to the wearer's head. Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated at mospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed. Systems have been developed for mounting corrective lenses inside full facepieces. When a workman must wear corrective lenses as part of the facepiece, the facepiece and lenses shall be fitted by qualified individuals to provide good vision, comfort, and a gas-tight seal. 9.2 Eyewear with Half-Mask Facepiece. If corrective spectacles or goggles are required, they shall be wom so as not to affect the fit of the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment will minimize or avoid this problem. 9.3 Respirator Use in Low Temperatures. Ma jor problems in the use of full facepieces at low temperatures are poor visibility and freezing of exhalation valves. All full facepieces are de signed so that the incoming fresh air sweeps over the inside of the lens to reduce fogging. Otherwise, it would be impossible to wear a full facepiece in ordinary room temperatures with out severe fogging. Antifog compounds can be used to coat the inside of the lens to prevent fogging at room temperatures and down to tem peratures approaching 32 degrees Fahrenheit. However, below zero degrees Fahrenheit, anti fog compounds will not prevent severe fogging. i0O400 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 Full facepieces are available with nose cups that direct moist exhaled air through the ex halation valve. A properly fitted nose cup should provide satisfactory or adequate visibility at temperatures down to --30 degrees Fahrenheit. At very low temperatures, the exhalation valve may collect moisture and freeze open, al lowing the wearer to breathe contaminated air, or freeze closed, preventing normal exhalation. The Bureau of Mines has published two pam phlets on this subject: Performance of OpenCircuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus at --25 F, R.I. 7077 (1966), and Low-Tempera ture Performance of Compressed-Oxygen Closed-Circuit Breathing Apparatus, R.I. 7192 (1966). Dry respirable air shall be used with self-contained breathing apparatus or air-line respirators at low temperatures. The dewpoint of the breathing gas shall be appropriate to the ambient temperature. High-pressure connections on self-contained breathing apparatus may leak because of metal contraction at low temperatures. The connec tions should not be overtightened since they may break when the temperature returns to normal. 9.4 Respirator Use in High Temperatures. A man working in areas of high ambient or radiant temperature is under stress. Any additional stress resulting from use of respirators should, therefore, be minimized. This can be done by se lecting and using respirators having minimum weight and breathing resistance. Supplied-air respirators and hoods and suits having an ade quate supply of cool breathing air are recom mended. Further information on use of respira tors in high temperatures may be found in Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Service, pub lished by the National Fire Protection Associa tion in 1966. 9.5 Communications. Although conventional respirators distort the human voice to some extent, the respirator exhalation valve usually provides a pathway for some speech transmis sion over short distances in relatively quiet areas. Talking can induce facepiece or compo nent leakage and therefore should be limited while wearing a respirator, especially those with half-mask facepieces. Mechanical speech transmission devices called speaking diaphragms are available as an inte gral part of some respirators. These consist of a resonant cavity and diaphragm which amplify sound in the frequency range most important to speech intelligibility. The diaphragm acts as a barrier to the ambient atmosphere. It should be carefully handled and protected by a cover to prevent puncture. Various methods of electronically transmit ting s|>eech from the respirator are available. These utilize a microphone connected, to a tele phone or radio transmitter. Usually the micro phone is mounted in the facepiece, while the amplifier, power pack, and loudspeaker or trans mitter are attached to the exterior of the mask, carried on the body, or are remotely located. Respirators with electric or electronic speech transmission devices having an integral or bodyattached battery power supply should be used with caution in explosive atmospheres. Sealed power sources should be checked for integrity of seals. Connecting cables from microphones inside the facepiece shall have gas-tight seals where they emerge from the facepiece. When the loudspeaker diaphragm is part of the barrier between the respirator wearer and the ambient atmosphere, it shall be frequently inspected for leakage and should be adequately protected from puncture or rupture. The assembly of an electronic or electrical speech transmission de vice into a respirator shall be avoided if it re sults in a center of gravity and moment of iner tia such that the mask may be dislodged from the face during wearer activity in a toxic en vironment Removal of speech transmission de vices may allow contaminant leakage into the facepiece. 9.6 Nonconventional Respirators. Special res pirator designs, such as "neck respirators" for persons having a tracheotomy, may present problems not commonly encountered with con ventional respirators. Therefore, the manufac turer should be consulted for special guidance or precautions. 10. Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness 10.1 General. Feedback on how a respirator program is functioning is necessary if manage ment is to maintain effective respiratory pro tection. Program improvements and elimination of deficiencies cannot be effected unless the pro gram is monitored and evaluated on a continu ing basis. The following techniques are used in evaluating the effectiveness of respirator pro grams. 27 100401 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES 10.2 Wearer Acceptance. The effectiveness of a respirator program can be largely determined by the degree of worker acceptance. Numerous factors affect the worker's acceptance of respira tors. These include comfort, ability to breathe without objectionable effort, adequate visibility under all conditions, provisions for wearing pre scription glasses if necessary, ability to commu nicate, ability to perform all tasks without un due interference, and confidence in the facepiece fit. Failure to consider these factors is likely to reduce cooperation of the wearers in promoting a satisfactory program. How well these problems have been overcome can be determined by ob serving wearers during normal activities and by soliciting their comments. 10.3 Examination of Respirators in Use. Res piratory protection is no better than the respira tor in use, even though it is worn conscien tiously. Frequent random inspections shall be conducted by a qualified individual to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned, and maintained. 10.4 Evaluation of Protection Afforded. When respirators are worn in toxic atmospheres, the individual should be provided appropriate peri odic laboratory tests. These may include urine, blood, or fecal analyses and other techniques to determine the intake and excretion of toxic sub stances. The findings of these tests, when corre lated with other exposure data (especially air sampling data, as described in 6.3.4) for wearers of such equipment, can serve as an indication of the effectiveness of the program. Positive evi dence of exposure shall be followed up to deter mine any relationship to inadequate respiratory protection and need for additional engineering controls. Nasal or facepiece interior smears, or both, usually will detect any significant penetration of radioactive contaminants into the facepiece. 11. References to Other Codes, Standards and Manuals 11.1 American National Standards Institute. When any of the following American National Standards is superseded by a revision approved by the Standards Institute, the revision shall apply. 11.1.1 American National Standard Identifi cation of Gas Mask Canisters, K13.1-1967 11.1.2 American National Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Contain ers To Identify the Material Contained, Z48.11954 11.1.3 American National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968 11.1.4 American National Standard Safety Guide for Respiratory Protection against Radon Daughters, Z88.1-1969 11.2 Compressed Gas Association 11.2.1 Commodity Specification for Air, Spe cification G-7.1,1966 11^2 Compressed Air for Human Respira tion, Pamphlet G-7, 1968 113 Interstate Commerce Commission; U.S. Department of Transportation 11.3.1 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Parts 71-90, Rules and Regulations for the Transportation of Explosives and Other Dan gerous Articles 11.4 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. See A2.1 in the Appendix to this Standard. 11.4.1 Schedule 13E, Self-Contained Breath ing Apparatus, Code of Federal Regulations, Part II, Subchapter B, Chapter 1 of Title 30. 11.4.2 Schedule 14F, Gas Masks, Code of Fed eral Regulations, Part 13, Subchapter B, Chap ter 1 of Title 30. 11.4.3 Schedule 19B and Amendments to Schedule 19B, Supplied-Air Respirators, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 12, Subchapter B, Chapter 1 of Title 30. 11.4.4 Schedule 21B, Filter-Type Dust, Fume, and Mist Respirators, Code of Federal Regula tions, Part 14, Subchapter B, Chapter 1 of Title 30. 11.4.5 Schedule 23B, Nonemergency Gas Res pirators (Chemical-Cartridge Respirators In cluding Paint-Spray Respirators), Code of Fed eral Regulations, Part 14a, Subchapter B, Chap ter 1 of Title 30. 11.4.6 Performance of Open-Circuit Self-Con tained Breathing Apparatus at --25 F. R.I. 7077, 1966. 11.4.7 Low-Temperature Performance of Com pressed-Oxygen Closed-Circuit Breathing Ap paratus. R.I. 7192, 1968. 28 100402 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 11.4.8 Information Circular 8281 (October 1, 1965 and annual supplements). Respiratory Protective Devices approved by the U.S. Bu reau of Mines. 11.5 U.S. Department of Agriculture 11J5.1 Respiratory Devices for Protection Against Certain Pesticides, ARS-33-76-2. Feb ruary 1966 (addendum March 1, 1966). 11.6 General Services Administration 11.6.1 Federal Specification BB-A-1034a (June 21, 1968). Air, Compressed for Breath ing Purposes. 11.6.2 Interim Federal Specification GG-B00675b (April 27, 1965). Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained. Z88.2 11.7 American Industrial Hygiene Associa tion and American Conference of Govern mental Industrial Hygienists. 11.7.1 Respiratory Protective Devices Man ual, 1963. 11.8 National Fire Protection Association 11.8.1 Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Serv ice, 1966, 11.9 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 11.9.1 Threshold Limit Value of Air-Borne Contaminants for 1968, Recommended and In dexed Values. (1968 or latest revision.) 11.9.2 Documentation of Threshold Limit Values, 1962. (1962 or latest revision.) 29 100403 Appendix Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings (Thu Appendix ia not part of American National Standard Practice# for Respiratory Protection, Z88.2-1969, but is included for information purposes only.) Al. Approved or Listed Respirators The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the Department of Agriculture pub lish frequently revised lists of respirators. Sam ples of these have been tested and found to pro vide satisfactory respiratory protection against specific hazards or contaminants. Al.l Respirators Approved by the Depart ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. A list of respirators approved by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. A1.2 Respirators on Lists Published by the Department of Agriculture. A list of respira tors for respiratory protection against certain pesticides may be obtained from the Depart ment of Agriculture, Pesticide Chemicals Re search Branch, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. A2. Requirements for and Tests of Respirators Requirements and testing procedures for res pirators have been established and published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the Department of Agriculture. A2.1 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Requirements and Testa. Requirements for approval of most types of respirators used have been established. These requirements are published as the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, schedules. A current list of these schedules appears in Section 11, Refer ences. These schedules are frequently revised and each subsequent revision is assigned a suc ceeding terminal letter (for example, schedule 19B is a revision of schedule 19A). Copies of the most recent schedules may be obtained from the Publications Distribution Section, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Penn sylvania 15213. The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, approval on a respirator continues in ef fect even though the schedule under which the respirator was approved has been revised one or more times. If the user wishes to check the minimum performance he may expect from an approved respirator, he should consult the schedule which was in effect when the approval was granted. Certain respirators are upgraded by the manufacturer to meet the requirements of more recent schedules. In general, each sched ule revision makes the requirements more se vere. A complete list of schedules and their effective dates, and a list of schedules under which each respirator has been approved, will be found in the Bureau's list of approved res pirators. Responsibility for testing and approval of pesticide respirators has been transferred to the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. A22, Department of Agriculture Require ments and Tests. The Department of Agricul ture previously established requirements and tests for respirators intended to provide respira tory protection during the application and han dling of pesticides. The requirements and tests are described in a publication of tests and re quirements for respirators designed to provide respiratory protection against pesticides. The publication may be obtained from the Depart ment of Agriculture, Pesticide Chemicals Re search Branch, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. In the Department of Agriculture's tests, pes ticides were dispersed as water sprays, oil sprays, or dry dusts to simulate formulations used in field applications. Chemical cartridges were tested for one hour and gas mask canisters for four hours. Insect bioassay methods were used to determine the efficiency of canisters and cartridges. The Department of Agriculture did not eval uate facepiece fit of chemical-cartridge respira tors or gas masks. It did not test respirators for protection against rodenticides, herbicides, and fungicides. 1004ol APPENDIX A3. Selection, of Other Than Approved or Listed Respirators For special purposes the user may need to select a respirator which has not been submitted to the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, or to the Department of Agriculture for testing, or cannot be tested by these agencies because it is outside their approval or testing authority. Among these are special-purpose res* pirators for which user demand does not warrant submitting the devices for testing or approval. Z88.2 The user should compare unapproved respira tors with similar approved or listed devices to evaluate the facepiece and other parts to assure himself that the manufacturer, or other reliable organization, has tested the filters, cartridges, or canisters, that they are adequate for the re quired service, and that quality control during manufacture can be expected. He should make or have made suitable tests of the respirators' effectiveness which, as far as feasible, simulate tests made by the official testing agencies. 100405 31 I American National Standards The standard in this booklet is one of nearly 4,000 standards approved to date by the American National Standards Institute, formerly the USA Standards In stitute. The Standards Institute provides the machinery for creating voluntary stan dards. It serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and to weld con flicting standards into single, nationally accepted standards under the designa tion "American National Standards." Each standard represents general agreement among maker, seller, and user groups as to the best current practice with regard to some specific problem. Thus the completed standards cut across the whole fabric of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. American National Standards, by reason of Institute procedures, reflect a national consensus of manufacturers, consumers, and scientific, technical, and professional organizations, and governmental agen cies. The completed standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often by municipal, state, and federal governments. The Standards Institute, under whose auspices this work is being done, is the United States, clearinghouse and coordinating body for standards activity on the national level. It is a federation of trade associations, technical societies, profes sional groups, and consumer organizations. Some 1,000 companies are affiliated with the Institute as company members. The American National Standards Institute is the United States member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electro technical Commission (IEC), and the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT). Through these channels American industry makes its position felt on the international level. American National Standards are on file in the libraries of the national standards bodies of more than 50 countries. For a free list of all American National Standards, write: American National Standards Institute, Inc 1430 Broadway New York, N. Y. 10018 100406 1 jcl.___. >v'^? jLf__ / / 10040$ f*. 32___ > !> 'A//a <"/ t<,* -s' / One OSHAeection stipulates that "approved or i-J- accepted respirators shall be used... The U.S. ' Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines is indicated in this section as the agency responsi ble for approving respirators--an tion wnich is historically correct since the Bureau has long been active in this area. More recently, however, approval for respirators has been delegated to two new agencies -- NIOSH and MESA.. s' NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safe?' ty & Health), which comes under the auspices of tej-tna 4J.S.."Department of Health. Education & sS;]Welfare, was created by the OSHA Act its U primary, responsibility is to provide technical support "ana. develop critical documents for hf. OSH/C-$lncevj972, however, NIOSH has | innd C-4 wRN^6eT%tteHor,'! Department's MESA (Mining It. EnforcementSafety Administration) in approving JU --'^ ^^1oinNl<5w/MESA' approval on a respiratory , > "device can beisfcogqized in two ways: ,, . K^!%4ratoad of tfwtrider,'sinJe Bureau of Mines K1 :sj'.seal on the approval plate, both NIOSH and > ^`^MEJJAsealsare now present . ' ^Xhp iweciflc approval"number assigned to ^-<an Individual device," formerly, prefixed by vbm? .(lor"Bureab of Mines) Is now traded. by^TC*1 (Tested and i NIOSH/MESA)' i Whfiethe Bureau of Mtneilsnd IprljaerinvoNed In' granting respiratory device: approvals,', SMr' approved devices purchased before. Jund>1975 ! - are still considered legal "and.valid: AfterIthat `"t?: date:, only,. NIOSH/MESA-^approved equipment t ^.should b*^phased.-."^s^:li5>rf''Mmfc trttshwjldoe.ienjembered that BM-approved de* eefi^mlknlteduee life,whlfe NlOSftfME: : devices.# tfetabie&for BM- ! r device#oar fae&fronvif reput___ ^ Sierof SHAr ` it^^|pwyou^55:a^ Ifcjl i? ' < P^ r*'r u s OmmmCermategri thv**C*haewaCstmfWa*me win NIOSH fis Oeavwanamadvt SHot^ittiyurNndMe** s-.vfct; United Ilt<n Beeerlmeet < Hit Inter*' .po4io! September 29, 1975 Building -2 Supervision Subject: Air Mask fcMty Air GO Alarm : ~tepiib--fcbeiai 1 nets'll sdta. monitor the oaoesntratioakof CO (earbon monoxide) in the air mask air. These Instructions should be followed: Normal Operation 1. Never tun the top selector switch to purge. 2. Check the white plastic cup once per rfeek for water level. The cup should be kept 3/4*8 full of city water. 3 c During nc. ^ration let the lower seleotor switch be tuned toward alarm. the alarm jounl: 1. Silence the alarm. 2. Open air supply to the temporary purifier cartridge next to the alarm. Open valves to allow this unit to come "on stream". 3. Close off the normal air supply line coming from N-2 building purifying system. 4. The alarm monitors only the air in the N-2 purification system so the light will stay lit, until the purifying cartridge "BA-9" has been changed. 5. Write a Repair Order to replace the "BA-9" cartridge In the N-2 building purifying system. Also request -h'.t the alarm be calibrated with 20 ppm. Please date the order. Should any questions arise, contact P. E. Miller, Ext. 56. t Uh---ttam*alaxm_a--dsvj^spm^or more oC. CO present in the breathing, air. At this point the hazard to man is minimal but : ^vertheless the cartridge should be changed. Fifty (50) ppm is ths current maximum allowable 8-hour exposure for CO according to recent 0$H/. regulations e FEM/gno oo M. Trowbridge, A. Hewitt R. H. Evans J. M. Gilmore File (2) Post (2) P. E,, Miller Staff Engineer 100411 To: Mr. S,, H. Kernaghan Technical Superintendent June 9, 1975 / co: JM Gilmore / J? Blickley H Trowbridge DJ Snyder RH Evans WC Toner Subject: Breathing Air Quality, June 4, 1975c Compound Oxygen Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Hydrocarbons Sulfur Dioxide Vinyl Chloride Dew Point -XS&. Orsat MSA #91229 MSA #85976 MSA #93ON MSA #92623 0,5.H.A* Standard Analytical -3SS2&L 20$ None Detected None Detected None Detected Nona Detected Nona Detected - 15C Detection 0,5$ 10, ppa 10, ppm 5, ppn 1. ppa 0,05 ppm -- Max, Spec, CGA Type D 19,5 - 23,5 20 ppn 1*000 pot 5 ppm -- -- -- Submitted for approval 6/4/75* RFMnnw Chief Chemist 100412 -is <>. To i Mr. S. H. Karnaghan Technical Superintendent May 7, 1975 / cc* JM Gilmore / JF Blickley M Trowbridge BJ Snyder RH Grans W Toner Subject* Breathing Air Quality May 2, 1975* for Air Masks, Compounds Oxygen Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Hydrocarbons Sulfur Dioxide Vinyl Chloride Dev Pointy c Test Applied Qrsat Standard MSA #91229 MSA #85976 MSA #93074 MSA #92623 O.S.H.A., E.P.A. Standard 0*0^ Result of 21* N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. =8C Detection -- 10, PPm 10. ppm 5. PPn 1, ppm 0,05 ppm 19.5-23,555 20 ppm 1,000 ppm 5 ppm ND, = None Detected, Sample - 225 Liter Bag Sample - W, Toner, RJW:BAWsnw aTfTlStcK^ Chief Chemist D. A. Webb Senior lab Technician 100413 D- 1 458 < 1 C-59' '< AJTiO Q)~U^ 3 CO-_____ K-^n-o^5 /v * -^g\ / {'Ib^ "y\oQ^yl e-6js~h&*- -- C- _^2_ bd --i^-- &V > l^---Orv. ^-'^ Xj, K*w JgJ* Hr**- ^ _^*c SF P^psSq o^E/vdyo Xffc/------------|_u_)_|__J_ 1O^11/^ Or**^ W? <=* kjrurs jgy Aaq^ ,j^ LS^h; ^ r^rrr1^ 10041? HSHT ATI) tu \ i >-*> s--xi cy^^0. ie$* 20 November 1974 The following is a revision of the respplratofy protective devices as} outlined in 29CFR 1910.939 as submitted by the Three Re^jriigtory Groups of the^SEA)as requested by OSHA. Unknown, or above 3600 ppm ((K\) Self-contained breathing apparatus positive pressure with full facepiece. Not over 3600 ppm $1 4re> (iii) ~Not over luu ppm (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator, pressure demand, with full facepiece and > auxiliaiy self-contained air supply. t "aAjJ Type C supplied air respirator, pressur ^^ demand type with full facepiece. nBY) Type C supplied air respiratory LUC flow type with full facepiece Zl> '2 facepiec helmet, hood or suat. m Type C supplied air respirator, demand type with full facepiece, with or without auxiliary self-contained air supply. CD) Type A or Type B hose mask with full facepiece. Open circuit self-contained breathing apparatus, demand type, with a full facepiece. Closed circuit self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. (A) Conhination Type C supplied air respirator, any class, with a chemical canister with a full facepiece which provides a minimum service life of 1 hour. CB) Powered air-purifying respirator with a hood helmet.^full or half facepiece and a canister which provides a minimum service life of 1 hour. 100415 SCOTT AVIATION, A Dlvl*n of A-T-O Inc. LANCASTER, N. Y. 14086 TEL: 716 683-SIOO TELEX: 91-394 (v) Not over 25 ppm (vi) Not over 10 ppm (A) Powered air-purifying respirator with hood, helmet, full or half facepiece and a canister which provides a minimum service life of 4 hours. (B) Gas mask, front or back mounted canister, full facepiece, which provides a minimun service life of at least 4 hours. A)J Type C supplied air respirator, demand type with half facepiece. (B) Combination Type C supplied air respirator with ha^_ facepiece and a canister which provi3es a minimum service life of 1 hour. (A) Any diemical cartridge respirator which provides a minimum service life of 1 hour. 7U 11 & m j/l Sr&. -P^ 100416 SCOTT ini October 28,1974 TO: Alt Air Supplied Respiratory Distributors VINYL CHLORIDE The Federal Register, Volume 39, Number 194, part 11, dated Friday, October 4,1974, c ntains the Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride. I have copied the following portions of that standard for your edification and use: (e) Permitrlble exporare thrift. (1) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo ride at concentration* treater than 1 ppm averaged over any S-hoor period, tad (3) No employee may bo exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations treater than S ppm aveiaced over any period not exceeding IS minuted (3) No employee may be espueed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (g) Reeptratory protection. Where respiratory protection Is required under this Mctkm: (l) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirement* of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until December 31,1979, wearing of respirators shall be at the discretion of each employee for exposures not In ex cess of 35 ppm, measured over any 15mlnute period. Until December 31, 1975, each employee who chooeee not to wear an appropriate reeplrator shall be In formed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory devices. (3) Respirators shall be selected from among thorn Jointly approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin istration. Department of the Interior, and the National institute for Occupa tional Safety and Health under the pro vision* of 30 CFR Part 11. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 11910.134 shall be established and meintsiri--i (4) Selection of respirator* for vinyl chloride shall be as. follows: Atmospheric oosc--frstloa of MyieMerWe 1/' BeqetroA kpperetut (I) Onkaown. or these 3J00 aem-^Bbon-cliomt. ootf-eoatsiaod leeethlna spporatus. i ^^jae a*m*iu1 type, with fun fampleco. (U) MsiwIgMppa.^^--.. B Oombtastioa type O supplied Mr rmphatcr. gf sum *----* type, with fun or half fee* and suxilisry self-euataliisd sir supply: or (>) Type O, supplied sir respirator oeatmuom type, with full or hslf faoopiom, end suxilisry (IS) Hot MU-ooDtelnod sir supply. . /h OomMnstion type O suppHod sir mphmtor ds* ^ assnd typo, with tun fsespleoa sad suxilisry MllsMntAtMd Air pipplj; or (5)^ Open-circuit aslf-ooatsiasd br*sthing sppsrstus (v) Note gOpryps o supplied sir respirator, demsnd type, with full feoeplso*. , (A) A poeered slr-purlfytag nmhstor with hood, tisimrt full or hslf faooptsos. sad s osalsttr which provide* e sswlo* Ufs of st least 4 hours for ooaosnratlous of vinyl cblcrldo up to as ppm, or (B) Os* mask. treat- or baek-mountsd osnistsr which provides s oorvtos Ufo of st isaet 4 hours fur ^ eoDcsntrstiona of vinyl chloride up to 38 ppm. . AX) Comhlnstlon type O supplied-sir respirator, dsmsad type, with hslf fsosplso*. sad suxilisry - iilf nnntilnBl Air fupply; or ((B&Tvps a supplied-air raspirstor. demand typo, with half fsooptoo*: or (O) Any ohsmloal oarttldgs respirator with aa orgsaio vapor oartridge which provide* s service life of st least 1 hour for oonesnWstloas of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. owe. wru **-*% SCOTT AVIATION, A Division Of A-T-O. Inc, LANCASTER, N. V. 14086 TEL: 716 6P3A100 TELEX: 091-39* 100417 (5) (1) Entry into unkown concentra tions or concentration* greater than 38,000 ppm (lower explosive Umlt) may be made only for purpose! of life rescue; and (11) Entry Into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for purposes of life rescue, firefighting, or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where alr-purlfytng respirators are used: (1) Air-purifying cannlsters or car* bridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shift in which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (11) A continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable concen trations far the devices In use. Such sys tem shall be used to alert employees when vinyl chloride concentration* exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices in use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. To date, the following classes of equipment have been approved by NIOSH which can be used to satisfy the requirements: Atmosphere Concentration of VC NIOSH approvals (i) Unknown or above 3,600 ppm Pressure Demand SCBA (ii) Not over 3,600 (a) Pressure Demand Ska-Pak* (b) - Onstent Flow w/SCBA (iii) Not over 100 fsb (a) Ska-Pak Demand - Full Facepiece ScMtt Air-Pak* (c) Demand Airline - Full Facepiece (iv) Not over 25 ppm (a) Powered Air Purifying ^ IMfln<iciT1j (v) Not over 10 AQj (a) Ska-Pak Demand, 1/2 Facepiece Demand Airline, 1/2 Facepiece --tel COhecmiciaal OCai Lli iduge ResupiiatioerrlAT*^ yes yes yes yes yes yes 'Equipment is being prepared for submission to NIOSH. I will keep you posted. Ronald C. Voisard Manager, Distributor Development and Technical Services 100418 ~~*10 r* h < -iw - 1 gy - --"2- cut - C.' 1> - * ** K ^- o%^oui.*<dr T -- --- fP""rwi -------------- ^UTIOKmAw. * --" jvL<r>Xa<4? ------------------ -fii*Zdr -------------- y*** -----------` 4 10041? Sd-crCf Paho 3 _ 7l6uS ar-o o-l^Loac Jb " ^<rt e^A.O /?< 0^>*</) .A4L+Z? SfcVf. ~> ar< *'** H> FjSjOUJ- _ r'u^JU C /3 dL*s\ Sia^>.'sU\t*^ * -- d&H~oest 0<jUXO ~~ ^Jlg. ^ 3.^ -- U*)a*dt jfcb cn. dLp-'U ____ */#s A//OSM f vq^ Z^y 100420 SOLD TO /, *' llGjCEIPEKiCS / Work Order PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SUPPLY CO, INC. 1243 MILITARY ROAD P.0. BOX 19G BUFFALO. N. Y. 14217 AC/716 874-4700 SHIP TO CL * 7Ay NO NO. j '7VT7 V; ""of 1 OUST. NO. j 0lh,rSHIP V,A Slivry UPS 0C*INTION INVOICE DATE QUANTITY AC* OMO`9. SHIMCOQUANTITY I_______________________________________________ : 1 1 'b/^/Cyuub;. Azc^Li `tLz ' 44 *-'/ aft*, -Vx /*'/ a* DATE RSQAO. DATE HIPPO. TERMS F. O. U UNIT PRICE 3r/c'/ 'M AMOUNT 4 A _ rfe^ {SWfl ^r*' * i .."/ ""....... \';1 1l i ,,/'-4t .J f . 4c4-<s*i/~asC_l.L'/tLi--`/CI*.;Hi' yt^cUuu- / "*A^'i~ */WC; / v^-/ 1p va* Tajk.*- & yf /6-^ -A?TM f ^">M1-4/f //&>/ tC*-'-/ /-0-cl /j /7 /-/ - >sL't yZ- `i jfloxdU, 7&ua. &Au. / --1 l TM--.... JU i 7 TOTAL 100421------------------- Form No. P29-72 Protective Equipment Supply PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SUPPLY CO.. INC. 1243 MILITARY ROAD P.O. BOX 190 BUFFALO. N. Y. 142T7 AC/716 8744700 May 9, 1974 Mr. M. Trowbridge Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. 5408 Baker St. Niagara Palls, New York 14300 Dear Mr. Trowbridge: I would like to re-cap a portion of conversations we have had in the last few weeks regarding respiratory equipment to meet breathing requirements in areas where Vinyl Chloride is present. Due to the fact that certain areas are still not quite clear with regard to interpretations, may 1 suggest you consider the use of the Zephyair Mask (literature attached), which most certainly meets the requirements. There has been a lack of consistency in the recommendations, which has created some confusion. Thank you for your interest. Very truly yours, Protective equipment supply co., inc JAM/eb Enc. 100422 30 To determine volume ICFMI of air delivered to the facepiece, use this chart. From the regulator gauge reading as shown on the bottom line, follow this line upward until you reach the curve showing the length of air hose being used. The intersection of these two lines can then be read in CFM from the vertical figures at the left margin. These figures are based on "ZEPHYRAIR" masks Ideal for use in atmospheres where full face The full face model offer* maximum protec having NO manual control vafre or on masks protection it not required or when gogglea or tion and comfort. when the manual control valve is in the full gloat must be worn. U.S. Bureau of Minas approved. open position. . ^U.S. Bureau of Mines approved. ACME PA TENTED "ZEPHYRAIR" MASKS OFFER TWO BASIC FACEPIECE MODELS THEY PROVIDE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AGAINST GASES, VAPORS,DUSTS, FUMES ETC. WITH MAXIMUM COMFORT AND SAFETY. CONSERVATIVE AIR CONSUMPTION. DESCRIPTION ACME "ZEPHYRAIR" masks are designed to provide respira tory protection for long periods of use with utmost comfort to the worker, consistent with safety. The patented "ZEPHYRAIR" feature is accomplished by a unique disc mounted within the facepiece. It prevents sudden air blasts from entering the facepiece: thus assuring a gentle and comfortable flow of air at all times to the user at any pressures. Air pressure within the full facepiece will not exceed l/i inches on a water manometer, .6 inches within the half-mask model. These mask units can be operated from regular plant air sources including ACME Portable Compressed Air Stations, cylinders of compressed air or from ACME'S Portable Air Compressors. Adjust Air Pressures As Follog^^^jJ^Jisif Hose Length 15' to 50 " Pressure At Hose Inlet 8 to 17 PSI 50'to 250' 17 to 30 PSI When regular plant compressed air is used, such air should be filtered to remove oil vapors, odors, moisture and other such impurities. The air should also be FREE of any toxic materials. Appropriate reducing valves, relief valves, etc. should also be provided. fSee illustration this circular.) The filter body shown at the waist end of the corrugated hose can be positioned by a belt clip or permanently attached to a sturdy, adjustable fabric belt. A stainless steel spring inside the corrugated hose prevents kinking. A manual control valve can be provided to enable the wearer to adjust the air flow to the facepiece as desired. ORDERING INFORMATION KEY NOTE: - 1 After Catalog No. indicates the ACME FULL-VISION "ZEPHYRAIR" Facepiece is supplied -3 After Catalog No. indicates the ACME DUO-SEAL "ZEPHYRAIR" Facepiece is supplied Catalog Nos. ( 1 4615-1 4615-3 1 f Complete Mask Unit Belt Clip Model / Less \ VCase/ fCatalog Nos. [4620--1 1 i 4620--3 Complete Mask Unit, Filter Body, Belt Mounted (iffi) Catalog Nos. 1 4616-1 1 14616-3 1 Same as 4615 Except With Manual Control Valve / LessN \Casey OS)Catalog Nos. 4622--1 1 . 4622--3 > Same a* 4620 Except With Manual Control Valve Carrying Casas Available (Specify). See Accessories and.Replacement Parts on the Back of this Circular. Go for safety, first.. .go SCOTT 100423 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : Mr. A1 Reis Occupational Safety and Health Administration, DOL DATE: November 26, 1974 FROM : Acting Director, NIOSH SUBJECT: NIOSH Testing and Certification of Respirators for Protection from;. Exposure to. Vinyl Chloride . This will confirm our telephone conversation this morning regarding the above subject. NIOSH has set up e special room at Its Morgantown, Nest Virginia, facility to handle the gas so that HIOSH personnel will not he exposed. NIOSH personnel who will he involved in testing have undergone or will undergo physical examinations. This has been done In accordance with DHEW pro cedures for handling carcinogenic substances. The system is now in place and ready to function as soon as manufacturers submit their respirators to us. A draft protocol was prepared, and an information copy was delivered to you last Friday. The protocol will be reviewed by the Department of the Interior and DHEW and will be published in the Federal Register. The requirement for an end of service however, the section of the protocol "After June 30, 1975, each canister or cartridge submitted for approval and testing in accordance with Sections 11.202, 11.203, and 11.204 shall be equipped with a canister or cartridge end of service life indicator which shows a satisfactory Indicator change or other obvious warning before 1 ppm vinyl chloride penetration occurs. The indicator shall show such change or afford such taming at 80 +10 percent of the total service life to 1 ppm leakage, as determined by continuing each test described in subparagraphs (b) of each of Sections 11.202, 11.203, and 11.204 of this subpart until a 1 ppm leakage of vinyl chloride occurs. After December 31, 1975, a cartridge or canister without a service life indicator shall not be considered approved for use by employees exposed to vinyl chloride." t r Page 2 - Mr. A1 Reis Also, as you requested we have changed the draft to include testing of canisters for longer than 4-hours. Assuming these canisters will not distort the face piece, which would immediately disqualify them, I want you to know that longer than 4-hour approval testing will delay our out put. We cannot test for all periods of time in the same amount of time available for 4-hour approval tests. Since you asked for this and we ... can acconmodate your request, we want you to know of the ramifications. We had set up our protocol initially on a 4-hour basis, because this was arrived at by you and Dan Boyd during a previous meeting here at Rockville on the subject of respirators for VC. If there's anything further on the subject, please let me know. 100427 ryW-6 Ox^ PcJt' /fs o*>. L-**~) <( f ^/vAoa^,J *?<>> (cG&Ct *< - +~L Ctw\V( ** __( aI "M 'll*. Ltwo SCiT <*. er**^**-'J.-^W ^ 2. cn. ^ "A /I Ltl ^_0-Q i! , ^cA) uJU. ^Oja^r^Qw^a (lj ^ tfcC> fl-drcJ" fiLA/ J,.grwwxci) ^zLo ^ j-JI-J* b AK m m X>n A ~2-Q jUk s/jljZ^L^. jcAqv**. 3lT ^ ou*vv!/i*EiauJwft "Ci <?^OAAO --MU (tO-l) 7^ ^o ,0 6a. /yuj~ A* iiArviA4^Lj , Vo*QAt!& t^*JLAr\ <" /d Q, *I F{_to ajl ^ t (ma^ <^ro>^ <$ Aft AiA^1 ^ S^sX <S>MA , teS. fin-uen. 0/ a->' W - rvU/ J^'PsJSC ,, uSO* gjp-vwAH-^G^g U*. dLAK 3-?' L_na -- ......... l\ a. /%tLLM^ - 15.^0 - 3,* S? fg&&*yA ^ /S> ^g- <W^ A A-OA. o-r^-A-civ Ayl^fa* 3 >--A- HJLomnA ~ya<*- ^aa ftW^ ila-ai oM-), 4S 7W^~ pg-a** i i 4 400429^ <&*-*+-* ^?^tt^o^x^vekZono jLXrjj* i)'**^' i6*** f**** _ ,_A*f _ 7"C. /^oJ___>_i /<- _ ^a-o *c*~r<^7U> oS^iA- ^ ^J^uiJ * M ,1*-- ^ ^ i^dto O qlkj^JL^OJ^ *a Ca-O -|Qjuj >****c. -3^*-*a-i. r *-A %" ? c**J's* * l/\aJj^ jbtp p jLQjt- -___________ j'Jty-i sy-^v L*d-o-- S*~ ^y^Lgt^O ^ 7) "xil**- <^0 Tt Ad Vp J^*^j /v>AA*3~ t| &-r-g ^ (2-^ xa--ygtE-- !> ^ To: All Vinyl Personnel Subject: Willson Cartridge Respirators This is to clarify some questions about your Willson respirators. 1. Icu mast have your respirator with you when you enter a regulated area. xg you use your respirator at any time during the shift, discard the cartridges at the end of that l,, The approved service life for the carbon cartridges ie 1.0 hour breathing in a VCM level of 10 ppm, Fcr esampls, this vcrold be equivalent to 2*0 hours at 5 ?psu Anytime you reach the end of the approved service life, replace your cartridges-.. os JM Gilmore J Polled: RH Evans HJI LeCain 145 Suprv Poet: P-1 P-3 E-2 Me Trowbridge General Foreran Vinyl Products 100432 .'"0 To* PI;-1::*;: fin rv. J'rt.'i=.cy & . * * -`el * ` 4 V7 aicjnci,.. .ixs&:.:?v ,\<t j -. i .' ; u;0;i r;;-." cpp'ti'w'i h; ) . ' r>. TT ttily Ni(.r>!I ft'* nUi1: c-r* y.. ? '.-.r fiatj r- ; *: : C-T * -.pc : i~> r.r 'i >: : _ ^ \;-5 (>, C' t.-'IT 3r".-.'r:to.' E.iCn 7') t ~.nu..' Oitoi'i-, XT ther- -V . c : 7i'. v !"'/ i'. i- c<:.:- . ' .V. , - ' ; ' V ' - ``-'C- ' i'*-*.. .ijim ir .. ix w . * v; of. ur ce; C i- Jciv., K 1 Moovt!' >. R C. Giim -ir j'. i :-rr 100433 April 5, 1974 Tot All Vinyl Personnel The respiretors now being issued are to be turned in to the Shift Foreman''s Office on Friday mornings after your 12-8 shift. The respirator will be washed, disinfected, dried and repairs or replacement made to defective parts. Masks viU be ready far your use when you return for your 4-12 shift. They should be picked up In the Shift Foreman's Office. TZFter cc: JM Gilmore J Pollock T, Fram] Foreman 100434 --A -JV*' A <F>2l di^tzL /*a^~ _ ............................... %* '.5 _____ ___/^4-swr^Q t/\&J^JUj<^<- Cr~* /a\. ^^2-vvfl^i) yO-h*. ________ :#- (JflJkX^ QUa*-^^ JT- ^ c*~-J) IjcCg Cror^- rfxA*** - d&bor^ ^*xn** &k.) ~^J . X^dU^-S^O'-- ------------ 3t y*aLft- f~~lXOQ--czf ~QulJrOj^<^ f^^-6~eghc> ~jjd /VU2-/V1 ---------vt^-srC ~jj-ZbLr U^xk JuL JuJQ /2' 7^ __ ' r PcJ*& Qa*- &S**& (''dn i-f - J'^ foo ----- C^JL 4060 /f* PJtsi A /?> 4tA*^ A/VOSV jfrST ;dU W < t<3tf /ZuL^juZ* ^2 "/*. -- C&4 O&SL it mu-r>.__5c "T iw %eJtt l v*~ ^gJ^? ^ CtX. JIujlJq_ i*^U> g &***&$*& ~JCke*^ h-Gc^s x-ena Tk l>J_g o^jg$Lo^gL<j) 3 fttaevtuA*--PZJt. Zt (pc~&^Qco/^-ooJ) eM-GtZt /O c'-^lae-,________ >c^a*ct J^fa***y <-g /r?$ 100436 /2^-7s ** ---- O^UL^V jo-*% judCLm** Ck^r\ La+*4 /w^otx^s Jl*. A-ervu^a^ti) -b IV "* yw^ m^vu^p r^-;' ^ F--- H - *a-r'L) **- l - L^^T'^o-M^risb) VU *"` ^/vAat\- *-A Sf I* 2-S^ ^ *- ZUU.i g.yfru _ -- 2<U2-.^ I Z "3 J '7 *-/ ^ UJL<Ui C~~li &*?$**- UJV^*Q ^ ~Q yNjgj^CO xkZg> rfar ,L^Jta ^ o>c..>Ja^ ^ niL^-B ^ /k^ ^ pcra~MJ3*) Y Al Lj-rCtiv K end > Cb-r\ l cs^r\{ y T^iSiSL (U^.4 <f^Cfc xi^TI^Z. --jp^s^s--^ tr~ ^ /7 ------------- --I A ^^JkXc^AO eo- 'jka. iu>^ &*------- dU-S. - U--I'-Ao- J>/\* .fc/w**" ''V****'-^'*''-0 f3*~o_r*t&2 (-/U2J2.` O-^eJLQ. ua ^"xJu^Ja- 3 ** AoK ei~J ^JZTUA uJtk "C^ <a^tS^ U' W' ^271-. ^ 100438 D-U58 '1C.; $*xa^Cui^g 4U~S juS2jts? ^y.tuZf ^JUA. *irh-- --------- -------------- f" . & ^c' -X0-AnOn I*aV-- -- S>H * 1 fz jj k T` "" _L-- \ L ;_ C ^ f^r> r-Qir* ^ - ^lo O-A 3^suJ*> f*<3&'< <Lo QI r |-JL^9 *rT r- ^rx >~w ^r-ClC-^ -/**"* f*rX^~ (% *2,000 000 CCPi 4. )jj-*. f '" 0-1438 (1C-53 $LLs\ I - L O'*? ^ -- jL* a*Jl /-o ^a^sJo. <2-0 ^ okl A-o Ocr^g. P-- oK 9... jLMe IA- Ja^St) <^o 100440 V- yt-rf 2.S fr~ ^jlsuj <2--z_o-?y. 4=-*- W'-gM^-cIh k~> j n tp --^ -- ^'hCn. t^/OZht Appur+*A ^s\_ I/CM, f-^uJLH ?<**0 4 A/\_ <r &*jLs&*\ 100441 ^<r .. u *ZJZ Se<& Gu* PeJ*s __ -- j j* tL ,) Ilf s*-**K p,*zX / c ^fr> sJLLck <,*~. he _ nJ' *M y Sc ^fl*kW(i^ai3o^ A*ut` Ail f ^jL. Td .Co^n. <?6?0 6cw> Ok /t -- /o <r <s~-*j+XX ?O So ^?J* ?06 JHuerf Ax /f >ukd&^ ^-*r'"- ~~flas oiw/i 1$ 5<^ad &-VS Pc L~ - .- .ii.Q-aT~ ^Li/i ^tMu/k --fip2. fed. -Jto. 9co<,l(l ~&o --------------------- e-jcj2ju!iLx e^ ^/o aJjX J^PF -<4~ ju^k* -t4 4 o- >* <rlo, 100442 )ZZ --fr __ i2o o V 4 V J-- i i* I /sl-7_- </> *2-0 --t^L jJtsa^o--- 1^ -+- fiLh-^ 100444 A&*c \/oi5#t> jK^y<K, (V7, "fee, ,/fS, MaUaftyT>A. 5c T/ PaA, ______ IWJ - ______ /OO rt P/1*40mssc - rfcw'ifa. *_ /AO>0 Q*s\L i|fiy ^ ^ " Z..OCO L^j A. _j^ZXa cAw>' A*. i^V-X ___ "t'TP Aik Ps^a.I^. fNj.f=* -drw-A-'-A,. CXi> d-g 1 ^ u\- u -4- O^wi Uki*K. ^P1^ *A* 6^rovA 3(^o ^ ^v-- 0Am, Se-<S** Omaa ^CcIn. PJ- v gA&Qj*4 ,A** *An--- ^& * lit. Yyuucr^\ ct>-o. Q^ S4-txa pp*~ ---------- ------- --^*J-- /1^c ^*** Tr \tM^~ ^A,c-Jt / f2***9*** &a**a+~S) %c.5^ &***tju***^ iii____ "WA - -(A) ipc> pp"-- fcp*?-- " ^Tis o^ A.o <.'A* *--& - O') ^- P^- r Aa~--4> - Lua. ^-<X <^l *r?j Py 4ixa iv -vu^ yjr*. ^.S fr~ Cti) V^f' i-L ^Cf\> pttAiTf > &llfl <- /cra^"VO --- er-^j yi-<^ / gO | O pp-- VU ^11'^ ^ * * * `J * yi >l<iq kjy"t Six*** Jnvf- til } ^ ^^t*4*^**^ QC^ ___ 0-^\ ^Xa*Ma ijt\ Q - - ~*~ * - _<*- C< - n P^Sri~^"iti Jld ^ _/<^ Jlfi^P- l Jw* np - ^-^^vvr%A____ ianu PcJ^ ------------------------------ JbUkx------------------ 100446 i j.y*< -- yi4^LAUAAJZ<l X J^r^iLQ /fS/9P. ^U-A /ooo ^-v % ---------- 100447 RESPIRATOR MAXIMUM USE CONCENTRATION SELECTION GUIDE1-, FOR PROTECTION AGAINST SPECIFIC AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS2 &>/ ^Tijir Type Respirator (for non-emergency uae)^ I. Air--Purifying A. Particulates Type, Filter/Facepiece Single Use^s.Dust,'^ Valve less . Facepiece Pressure^ Single Use, Dust, with Valve Dust, quarter or half mask .Fume, quarter or half mask Hi-Eff.,^ half mask Hi-eff., full facepiece Powered Hi-Eff., 1/2, FF, ora *5 Hood Powered, Dust or Fume, All B. Gases and Vapors1**'"** Half masKf acepieoe'" Full facepiece II. Atmosphere-Supplying A* WSuppliedrAir*. Mode. Facepiece Demand* half mask Demand, full face --mIn ft ^p - _ Pressure-Demand, half maskx*5 Pressure-Demand, full facepiece1^ ^Continuous Flow, half mask ^ - f-talir "V6, p-fS- Continuous Flow, full facepiece Continuous Flow, Hood1^, Continuous Flow., Suit1*3 m - m f - m -- + -f + h + -r Maximum Use Cone. Selection Guide Multiples of TWA and Ceiling*3 . .. ... . (ft 5 10 1 10 10 100 100010 X11 100 10 100 1000 2000 1000 2000 2000 2000 100448 .RESPIRATOR MAXIMUM USE CONCENTRATION SELECTION GUIDE1;, FOR PROTECTION AGAINST SPECIFIC AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS^ Type Respirator (for non-emergency use) Facepiece Pressure^ `Maximum Use Cone Selection Guide Multiples of TWA and Ceiling^ . Atmosphere-Supplying B* vSCBA,1^ Mode. Faceniece Open Circuit, Demand, FF Open Circuit, Pressure-Demand, FF Closed Circuit, FF mm Closed Circuit, FF ClUTJtjd Circuit j ^(nioutlipieti^)^ ^ - or f III, Combination Respirator TM ` 100 10,000f 100 10,000 + 10,000 i Any combination of air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying respirstor* MUC for type and mod' of op ration as listed above, fiivc ^ +*** cp <?p ffoeu.'f* cn Fricm. /u K/ocwf) V. Evacuation or Escape Arta concen- trationtMia&t > ^ 2) Combination suppli d air r spirator, pressure-demand- type with auxiliary self-containec air supply. 1) Self-contained breathing ap paratus in demand or pressure demand mode (negative or posi tive pressure). 2)_Jull face gas mask, .front or back mount type with induatri -organic vapoy canist r. 3) Mouthpiece respirator with ^ ^^>*^escape type organic vapor r>n- fmfn****- cA- canister, (ouoapo Ij/pe Tganiiasi soil, To: All Air Supplied Distributors All Air Purifying Distributors Subject: NIOSH Now that the dust has settled, and the air has cleared, it msy be safe to attempt to provide an explanation of what happened, and Is happening, in the field of respiratory equipment relative to NIOSH. Bureau of Mines approved equipment, approved under the following schedules, is considered permissible for continued use if purchased on or before September 30, 1974 until the following: Self-contained approved under 13-13E March 31, 1979 Gas Masks approved under 14F March 31, 1977 Supplied Air Respirators approved under 19B March 31, 1980 Filter Type & Chemical Cartridge Respirators approved under 21B or 23B March 31, 1976 (It is the user's responsibility to maintain the equipment In an approved condition.) After September 30, 1974, manufacturers are restricted from producing equipment, as approved, to apy of the above schedules, UNLESS the Individual manufacturer has a NIOSH approved quality control plan. If he has this approved quality plan, he mpy supply the equipment until March 31, 1975. The same timetable applies as to its discontinuance date. After March 31, 1975, the only approved equipment that can be supplied will have to be approved under 30 CFR Part II, and bear NIOSH approval. We are confident that you will be able to upgrade your self-contained equip ment manufactured under the 13E schedule to the new requirements. Be aware that you do have five years before such an update would be required. As soon as we have more Information as to an upgrading, you will be notified. We will do whatever we can where possible, to upgrade your customer's other respiratory equipment. Cordially yours, df cc: Regional Managers SCOTT AVIATION, A Dlvltlon of A-T-O Ine. -Vb -------------- Ronald C. Volsard Manager, Distributor Development and Technical Services (LANCASTER. N. Y. 14086 TEL: 716 683-61 100450 TELEX: 91-384 mjSj2o.<S) /O -2.^-7 ^ /?<*- ^-A-O +T0& - ft cJ^J* ^C.arUZ ^(dcyt^ CX^r< t*L*-crw s2JS2> ^?(k-\A ^ J^L^Ccj^ fZ***-Q <=L^ -frv^a, -zL^'J) ji* --M**eri* O-T/y. &<+r- Jr^T mJLq. /UxJE-d^ juJ-+**gSA>a*>* * ^Lcus\ A n j2^*pA* su*rc**ct Aadt .1 An+> - ^ee^j ~xA& *~+**ha ^j2T) 'yt&uf ^C-crC? PcJkrz * ftl&OMSL--ftih. 7T /o-/2- juuAls} An$` ` /O G-+s\. Ajlvm /hc4.^o <t.i ><. '7*^ 7-0 /Jma^uQ *^AJQjUmO 6^oiT i //fa l4* <*rt* AAtx5t^ V/OSV C*ppSl*tr*& f ^^ LaJSJLQ <-to L 6^ /o-;2- <yD tf.!s_ >*a5Po ejf ~dU ka^A a/ nJi^ andjyvs jfcr\. d judla*^_ a*JU*,/> 100451 October 28,1974 TO: Ail Air Supplied Respiratory Distributors VINYL CHLORIDE The Federal Register, Volume 39, Number 194, part 11, dated Friday, October 4,1974, con tains the Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride. I have copied the following portions of that standard for your edification and use: (c) Permissible exposure limit. (1) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed tp vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes. (3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (g) Respiratory protection. Where respiratory protection Is required under this section: <1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until December 31,1975, wearing of respirators shall be at tha discretion of each employee for exposures not In ex cess of 25 ppm, measured over any 15mlnute period. Until December 31, 1975, each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator shall be in formed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use. and limitations of respiratory devices. (2) Respirators shall be selected from among those jointly approved by ihe Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin istration, Department of the Interior, and the National Institute-for Occupa tional Safety and Health under the pro visions of 30 CFR Part 11. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of } 1910.13* shall be established and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl chloride shall be as follows: Atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride (1) Unknown, or above 3,600 ppm__ (U) Not over 6,600 ppm...------------ (Ul) Not over 100 ppm.......-- (tv) NMovevlSppsa (v) Not over 10 ppm-TM..----... Acquired apparatus Open-circuit, self-oontawad breathing apparatus, pres sure demand type, with full faoepleoe. (A) Combination type O supplied air respirator, pres sure demand type, with full or half focoplooo, and auxiliary m11-contained air supply; or (B) Type C. supplied air respirator continuous flow typo, with full or half faeeplaoe. and auxiliary self-contained air supply. (A) Combination typo C supplied air respirator de mand type, with full facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece, in demand mode; or (O) Typo O supplied air respirator, demand type, with full facepiece. (A) A powered air-purifying respirator with hood. helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provides a eervloe Ufa of at laaat 4 hours for coneanratlone of vinyl chloride up to 36 ppm. or (B) Oas mask, front- or back-mounted canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concentrations of vinyl Chloride up to 36 ppm. (A) Combination type C suppusd-alr respirator, de mand type, with half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Type C supplled-atr respirator, demand type, with half facepiece; or (O) Any chemical cartridge reapirator with an organlo vapor cartridge which provides a eervlca Ufa of at least 1 hour for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. 100452 SCOTT AVIATl N. A Division of A-T-O, Ine. LANCASTER, N. Y. 14086 TEL: 716 683-6100 TELEX; 091-394 (5) (i) Entry Into unlcown concentra tions or concentrations treater than 36,000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; and (11) Entry Into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm. but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for purposes of life rescue, firefighting, or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where alr-purlfying respirators are used: (1) Alr-purlfying cannlsters or car tridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shift In which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (11) A continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable concen trations for the devices In use. Such sys tem shall be used to alert employees when vinyl chloride concentrations exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices In use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. To date, the following classes of equipment have been approved by NlOSSH which can be us^ed / to satisfy the requirements: _- *4 V*- few* ** Atmosphere Concentration of VC \ NlOSH J^ppr^a1?, (i) Unknown or above 3,600 ppm (ii) Not over 3,600 ppm (a) (b) (iii) Not over 100 ppm No, over 25 dfe**!6**^ (iv) (a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (v) Not over 10 ppm (a) -- (b) i (c) Pressure Demand SC6A \ Pressure Demand Ska-Pak" Constant Flow w/SCBA Ska-Pak Demand * Full Facepiece Air-Pak* Demand Airline - Full Facepiece Powered Air Purifying Gas Mask Ska-Pak Demand, 1/2 Facepiece Demand Airline, 1/2 Facepiece Chemical Cartridge Respirator yes * yes yes yes * yes yes * UMslt `Equipment is being prepared for submission to NlOSH. I will keep you posted. Ronald C. Voisard Manager, Distributor Development and Technical Services 100453 3-2. i- A. f^ts^r __4uT >4 jo Pc?*. LlS*3>yuLA+^ 0 A CWi-aL^.^1 o%-- t ^ X3v- *2-vlO ,^->^1. ./>*-^ ar*-<- xA* , 0-J_J3 J^C^^JiX~ Q-~ fcfl tf-U-4 ^CTl. *-P*-*^- g-<L2S -2-) P- /o #- 6?3 /\c^ ^ 7acw t^uJDu^^M -/cT CS~&3`4**u.c. ^JVtypC caM Jo$ <L^rd , TM PJI+zjz*? Lm ^isd (2) 1-J-rsUS ~/t> A'M-g*-**" C-gypA^iy. Xo ^apA^t~ * __ -72^ ^uo d-D-^-^ ^ calXXXt ^ pnutuj^1 r at. C - S^v-- ^ad-rt^dba .n rw2. . e)'6Ho >-0 ^* .aa-S^ LJ^SZA. .zl. ^*-5- -- -i -- Oi A^Lfi-O or-- IT.jtiagi I^Olo n=sr <uk* ^ (?-i< >> a*^5 <-<=.// 1 006 crT- ^ a**-Xv . c^a>'9 __ X. " * I * 1 bgLCI S' PP~^ Jlnrt^g^y - s? T * ^ ix' ^S\0'3.A-CU oiir^-- a"'*-- * 3^ rT ^ -&* pu*-. `2^ -- /v^<^ cL^oo^Ct jljs^3-* ^crv- ^ * _ 1 rH n <r * - ^g e^^uiy^ -|H> j yr^a a.LK*^a^ -a a JL a , - =~ JU~*a:' 7L- <1. 6u^jLruj.X> i->-S~L-> ____u ^Jr^i >r>_n W2- yj-^-L ^UjuUwMil . ^jCiLC 4, xXfl-a. U-jsi*x~ /^ojue.k zEjlc. Pz> ^oMT C_ Ojoi. /-vfl-Q^oid~ -fa J '" ' J ---- k1 ja. I* ' "" -/V---O ^, >_*J-^LQ TV Cje-M-Jt /AvOu^jjOo *du "" 100454 <3) l4-er^r ^ hv- gw ^-***P - p JjL\fiX*-cn* cA J> -^JT /- /n i wQAO ll*3^L. 'ehz> o^3Co-^JU2h a^--S} . ) 4 gt--> n > .cJLcj^v. k_A^a "tis- ^--t AP S)fiS~x^-Q. JL>^^ X-ju3CX fc ~ -la Jfijlxrcl^ <4u*JC'a_ " ^ j-L-k^c.O. &A~d JT . p4z> ,^/jl A fe -- 3. "2-- ^L/^/vkA^-- <_X_a>--_ 2- *JL*4* ^O ^/vu-^ .X--ti^-- erj j^-'^ * C_JL<X --d ^ CH_ aw _ j^- / 3 ^ ^Jla^X i. -dr k_a**.AQo^> ' <Jl ) ^t3^^-jl^^^3Cccr^ ^<a/vL>uejLao -JCLl 100455 SCOTT 225 ERIE STREET LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086 TEL. 716 683-5100 ATO TELEX 91-394 INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR USE OF SCOTT RESPIRATOR MODEL 800230 AND MODEL 800448 10045? r TABLE 1RESPIRATOR MODEL 800230 (SEE FIGURES 2 AND 3 FOR TYPICAL RESPIRATOR) MODEL PART COMPONENT PART NUMBER NUMBER REGULATOR HOSE ASSY. MASK assy. GASKET STRAP 6t BELT ASSEMBLY PART NO. 800230-00 800230-01 800230-02 800230-03 800230-04 800230-06 800230-06 800227-00 800227-00 800227-00 800227-00 800227-00 800227-00 800227-00 26022-1 1* 26022-3 2* 26022-1 1* 26022-1 1* 26022-6 10* 26022-1 1* 26022-3 2* 801460-40 3* 801460-40 3* 801460-41 4* 801450-42 5* 801450-40 3' 801460-43 5* 801480-41 4* 2827-1 5 2827-15 2827-16 2827-16 2827-15 2827-15 2827-15 26026-1 26025-1 26025-1 26025-1 26026-1 26025-1 26026-1 RESPIRATOR MOOEL 800448 (SEE FIGURE 4 FOR TYPICAL RESPIRATOR) ^800448-00 800448-01 800227-00 26022-1 1* 800379-01 7' 800227-00 26022-3 2* 800379-01 7* 2827-15 2827-16 26026-1 26026-1 SUPPORT EQUIPMENT LOW PRESSURE HOSE IDENTIFICATION CHART ORDERING GUIDE Part NO. Fitting* HOSE LENGTH DETERMINED BY DASH NO. 30000-01 to -99 None 30001 -00 to -99 Non* 30002-00 to -50 Non* 1 ft. to 99 ft. 100 ft. to 199 ft. 200 ft. to 250 ft. 30010-01 to -99 Hirt*an 30011-00 to -99 Hi nun 30012-00 to -50 Hanaan 1 ft. to 99 ft. 100 ft. to 199 ft. 200 ft. to 250 ft. 30020-01 to -99 Schradar 30021-00 to-99 Schradar 30022-00 to -SO Schradar 1 ft. to 99 ft 100 ft. to 199 ft. 200 ft. to 250 ft. 1 * Hose assembly uses coupling, part number 13 (Manufactured by Hansen Mfg. Co. Cleveland, Ohio) 2* Hose assembly uses coupling, part number 2047 (Manufactured by A. Schrader & Son, Brooklyn, N.Y.) 3* Scottoramic mask assembly with 5 strap head harness. 4* Scottoramic mask assembly with tite-seal head gear. 5* Scottoramic mask assembly with tite-seal head gear, and outlet valve and voice transmitter. 6* Scottoramic mask assembly with 5 strap head harness, and outlet valve and voice transmitter. 7* Oro-nasal mask assembly. 8* Hose available in lengths of 1 to 250 feet. Example: 30011 -50 indicates low pressure hose 150 foot length with Hansen fitting. 9* Used in conjunction with a snorkle system, part number 31040 10* Hose assembly uses coupling, pert number 81-K11 (Manufactured by Hansen Mfg. Co. Cleveland, Ohio) NOTE SECTION II OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS /i/frtc act f7 NOTE The following "Operating Instructions" include the strap and belt assembly, and the supply hose (see Table I). 1. Don the strap and belt assembly (refer to Section III). 2. Check the regulator knob (1, figure 1) as adjusted full counterclockwise to its out position (this places the regulator in the demand position). 3. Snap clip (2) into "D" ring (3). 4. Connect supply hose (4) to the respirable air supply and mate hose assembly (5) to supply hose (4) as follows: a. Hansen fitting mating (see figure 5). (1) Line up slight recess (drill point) in socket body "A" with the semi-circular cutout in spring load ed socket "B". (2) Slide spring loaded socket "B" back on supply hose; insert coupling "C" into socket body "A", and release socket "B". (3) Rotate socket "B" locking coupling "C" in place. To uncouple, rotate socket "B" until socket body "A" and socket "B" are lined up (refer to step 1); slide socket "8" back and remove coupling "C". Release socket "B". b. Schrader fitting mating (see figure 6). (1) Insert coupling "C" into socket body "A". NOTE To uncouple, rotate socket "B", remove coupling "C" and release socket "B". 5. Bring mask and hose assembly over shoulder (see figure 1) and secure hose assembly in place with webbing loop (6). 6. Don appropriate mask (refer to Section III). 7. 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