Document wKQYMomJLD7JYerz4JnmVnqRB
'! i \\
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, INC.
Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue
\ Aril 14-15, 1966
OO
BARBER v PITTSBURGH CORNING CGRP
by asbestos litigation
Morton Corn, Ph. D.
THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
Robert T. P. deTreville, M. D. Managing Director
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AN ASSOCIATION or INDUSTRIES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT Or HEALTHFUL WORKINO CONDITIONS
.T
TABLE OF CONJ^NTsV
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP.
V %ss
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
1. Introduction II. Recommendations
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III. Threshold Limit Values o^Su
es Measured in this Survey
IV. Description of Sampling and ^balytical Methods
V. Results and Discuss
A. Plant No. 1: 'SLiss Block 1. Noise^l*tesu^;nents 2. HoocfAir Velocities 3. Decorative J'aint Spraying
B. Plant NoNsi-*^brication of Foam Glass 1. /Mould ^Stripping 2. ; Mould ^Filling 3. Grinding Operations 4. Stay-Dry Pipe Cover
C. Plant No. 6: Foamthane 1. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate Concentrations in Air
D. Plant No. 8: Unibestos
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8 8 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 16
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1.
I. Introduction
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING.CORP. ASBESTOS LITIGATION
This survey was undertaken at the request of D)rrN^ee^. Grant, Medical
Director, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. Dr. Gr^nT'lnitis.lly visited the
Port Allegany plant during October 25-28, 1965 anSsSurtpiarized plant areas
requiring further industrial hygiene assessment
December 25, 1965 letter
to Mr. Li. O. Griffith, Plant Manager. The surVy reported below concen trated on the evaluation of operations s4ngl^Nh)it by Dr. Grant, but also
included additional operations. In tju^reppvx all aspects of environmental
assessment investigated at the Post Allekany plant are discussed, with the
exception of assessment of
exposure by analysis of urine or blood samples
obtained from workmen
lead base paints. Dr. Grant will report on
this phase of the survey
Mr. Fred /an Dtfesen', Ceramics Engineer, Port Allegany plant,
accompanied the ao^horduring the entire survey and also assisted with several
measurements. Hi^j assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
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BY PPG INDUSTRIES. INC.
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2.
II. Recommendati ns A. Plant No. 1: Glass Block
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP ASBESTOS LITIGATION
1. Ear protective equipment should be fitted to operators-in the vicinity
of the block forming circle, fire polishing line, block sealing hi^chinery, and
the glass tank. Noise in these zones is excessive.
2. A permanent, rigid, hinged frontpiece shouloS^e installed on the
front of the decorative paint spraying booth to replace the presently us d
makeshift, cardboard frontpiece.
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3. .A stringent personal hygiene program should be instituted for operators in the paint spray booth to enattve tm^ipaint on hands, fingers,
etc. is not ingested.
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B. Plant No. 2: Fabricationo^Joam Glass
1. Louvers on
unpiv hoods above the mould filling
operator should be adjustwSas oqscribed in this report and then locked in position. In this manner, dust from the mould can be prevented from
entering the face^zone of the operator.
Aj
2. Ear protection equipment should be furnished to the mould filling
operator, who is exposed to brief, but regularly spaced sound level peaks
f 106 db and base levels of 98 db. 3. Two overhead 8" diameter air ducts at line 1 mould filling position
should be realigned as described in this report.
4. Ear protection equipment should be furnished to band saw and
grinder operators.
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BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC
I BB 000873 9*7
3.
5. The use of compressed air to clean clothes and work surfaces at the grinding operation site should be discontinued and a suction source
should be substituted. 6. The exhaust line to the knockout bench should he repaii 7. Exhaust ventilation should be installed at the sta^/dry pipe
covering operation where asphalt fumes are genera^^^^^^^ge quantities.
C. Plant No. 6: Foamthane 1. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate concen^at^ms^in air did not exceed
th recommended ceiling value. Howeve^T" tftfe amount of TDI in the air
f this plant can be greatly reduced byerfce^iny a permanent, three-sid d
enclosure for the bun cutting operation., A^resent, a tagged, plastic
J\7
curtain is being used for this purpbqe.^s*.
D. Plant No. 8: Unibestos_
^
1. Asbestos dust ini the vicinity of the feeder operator was excessive
when measured by stanjWrd te&miques. The feeder operator should wear
(s
respiratory protective equipment at all times.
2. To reduce airborne dust, a general tightening up of "houseke ping"
practices should be instituted in this plant. Several specific suggestions are
included in tide report.
BARBER V. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORPASBESTOS LITIGATION
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THIS. DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
J BB 0003740^1
4.
111. Threshold Limit Values of Substances Measured in Thliiss'sih^y Vt~-.
"The threshold limit values refer to airborne coincentratKions of sub-
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stances and represent conditions under which it is j&elievb^that nearly all
workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after dl
>ut adverse effect.
B cause of wide variation in individual susceptibility, exposure of an occasional
individual at or even below the threshold luniytnay not prevent discomfort,
aggravation of a pre-existing conditioiy^ojrr^'^occuilpattii'ional illness.
"Threshold limits shouild be jnisseelklhjsas ggxu. ides in the control of health hazards
and should not be regarded as fine lines Between safe and dangerous concentrations."
Threshold values for alKsubbt^nces measured in this survey are
presented in Table 1.
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BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP. ASBESTOS LITIGATION
THIS. DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
AA 029
Extracted from the Preface, Threshold Limit Values for 1965. American C nference of Governmental Hygienists, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati 2, Ohio.
\1 5.
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP ASBESTOS LITIGATION
Table 1
V~
Threshold Limit Values For Substances Measured IxKThiV Survey-
Substance
ppm* mg/pi3**SSvMFPCF***
Asbestos (less than 1% crystallix
)
5
Lead Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate
)o/gp
(Ceiling \^bljue)S.
Broad-band (600-4800 cps) Noise
St*** See Industrial Nois^Maihual, 2nd Ed. American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1412^ Prevost, Detroit, Michigan, 1966, Ch. 7.
*** Millions of Pajrrtcles*'Pr Cubic Foot.
** Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air.
* PartB of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25* C and 'e: . 760 mmHg pressure.
+ Based on values adopted in 1965 by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
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---iL00087i*2 7
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
*'
IV. Description f Sampling and Analytical Methods
The air sampling and measurement technique s used to assseess the
environment during this study are described below.
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Asbestos Dust
A midget impinger containing 10 ml. of dMxuneraneed, distilled water
was used to collect dust in air sampled at 0. 1 cfxhs^for ten minutes. Samples
were agitated prior to withdrawing drops of suspension for microscopic exami-
/
nation in a Dunn Cell. Particles less thah^teiymicrons in projected area diameter
"3/
were counted by viewing the sample witlTaiT'objective lens of 0. 65 N. A. (10 X)
and a 15 X Ocular. Approximately ^OO^Oj^articles were counted in two different sample withdrawals. Tb^ countihg standard deviation was estimat d
to be (N),*^where N is the totaI>*nunts<or the sample. A blank count was made
n the distilled water. Dust concentration in the air, expressed as millions of
particles per cubic foot (y(ppcfj\ was calculated from the sample volume, liquid
collection reservoir, and
and blank dust counts. The techniques used
adhered to United States Public Health Service and Asbestos industry recom
mended procedures.
THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF
Lead
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PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED
BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
Lead in air as particulates from paint spraying was sampled at 27 cfm
by using an electrostatic precipitator. * An HA Millipore filter paper was also
us d. Total particulate weight was determined by direct weighing of samples
on a microbalance (+ 0.01 mg). Lead was determined by assuming the airborne
material lead content to be that of the bulk paint (45-51% by weight).
"Method f r Determining Asbestos. Dust Concentration. " Asb stos Textil
Institute, Pompton Lakes, NevHjfer8eyUJP64.
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Del Electronics Corporation, Mt. Vernon, New York.
"j BB 000S74j__
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7.
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate A Unico* TDI Analysis in Air Kit was used. Aiirr'l^dra^n at 0.1 cfm
through 10 ml. of absorber solution in a midget impbger^**'<rhe absorber solu. tion is analyzed in the field by colorimetric mathochs**\nd the resultant color is
compared to a set of permanent color standards.
Sound Intensity
'fg*
A General Radio Company****4^^oouuii^pdl leWl mm eter. Type 1551 C, with
ceramic microphone was used. ATTJheashirements were made on the instrument
C-scale. The instrumesnnt waass^spyac!alHjratfedd in the anechoic chamber at the Graduate School of Public Health , Umvensit^of Pittsburgh.
OO
THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
#** West Concord, Massachusetts 01781.
*| BB 0008744 Jj ----
Marcali, K.: "Microdetermination of TDI in the Atmosphere." Anal. Chem. 29, 552 (1957).
* Union Industrial Equipment Company', 150 Cove Str et, Fall River, Mass.
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8.
V. Results and Discussion A. Plant No. 2: Glass Block Production 1. Noise Measurements Table 2 is a summary of results of sound intMenissiityymeeaassurements per
formed in the vicinity of block forming and sprayum&eooppeePrXations. The results indicate that noise levels are very high and are bfeeyyoond t1 he threshold of damage risk, even when the polishing operation is Olffj^^. A S?rriingent criterion for sound
4/Tintensity is 85 db when sound is measure^on i. broad band basis (C-scale), as
it was in this survey. An industry-wijiCTty^el 95 db, which is less stringent. The levels measured in the vicinity^oilf^'Valps-sss/ybblock operations exceeded even the less stringent criterion. Therefore- e2a protection must be furnished to operators in the Glass Block plant if thes'jJa^sitSLliitty of hearing damage is to be eliminated. At present the risk is grea ^ in the vicinity of block forming.
G
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP ASBESTOS LITIGATION
THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES. INC.
033
OQ 08 745~J
Sample' Number
BARBER V. PITTSBURGH CORNINg-CORP
Table 2
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
Summary of Sound Levels in the Vicinity of Select d Glass Block Plant Operations*.!.
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V N77,
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Location of Measurement
ound Intensity, Decibels
1 Two feet from Forming Circle on linfe between Operator Room and polishings$tage (Polishing Operation OFF)
99
Same as (1), but Cooling Air
Polishing Gas ON
^
' .
103-105
3
Between lines 3 and 4 (Polisfi&fflOniferation OFF)
100
/^\V
4 Same as (3), but Coolijrc Air ON and Flame
Polishing Gas ON
/
102
Midway between N^. 3,amS4 lines near Forming Circle (Fb^yhing Operation OFF)
101
Same as (5), but Comjng Air and Flame Polishing Ga"<QN^
102-103
ApproxingiCtelyXft from Operator near No. 3 li
8 Adjo^fing belt exit. No. 3 line
104 103
9 NeaVplass'Tank wall (background)
98
'10 Between lines 2 and 3 at Sealing Operation, at Operator's side
99
11 Entry to storage room at end of belt No. 4
near Sealing Area (Polishing Operation OFF)
98
12 Vinyl Spraying of Block Edges 2 feet from No. 3
line operation, next to operator
92
_Lj^0003746~| All measurements made on April 14, 1966 between 8:00 and 8:30 a.m.
iDry bulb temperature * 88 *F.; Wet bulb temperature * 77*F.; Relative
humidity =61%.
TOJ
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CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED
BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
Barber v. Pittsburgh corning corp.
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
10.
2. Hood Air Velocities, Vinyl Edge Spraying
Air velocities in the No. 3 line operation varied from 150 to 1,000 fpm
from side entry to rear hood entry, indicating satisfactory ventilation control f vapors in this operation. Large particles cannot be'exhaj^ed and protection
of the eyes was accomplished by the use of safety go^Ws. This operation does
not require any modification to afford further oner^to^Jp^otection.
3. Decorative Paint Spraying-
........
Air velocities at the makeshift hoodfraifitinfcce (cardboard) were
measured and air samples for particulates in aS* were obtained. The men had fabricated a 13" x 18" cut-out in a flat sectiqnV/4f cWCakardUUbUo6a41rdU uUsBeCdU tolU cLUoVvCeTr tLhUeC
hood face. The cardboard did a goojfjob oAcontrol: air velocities at the open
ing were 500-600 fpm. A rigid hingfe^^dotST faceplate, rather than the cardboard tl^h^sp
now in use, should be attached t&^h/ spray booth.
Particulate concentration msjhe breathing zone of the operator, based
on a Millipore filter sample an&t^n electrostatic precipitator sample, was 0.3 - 0.4 mg/m^. The enamel ujsed contained 45 - 51 % lead oxide so that the
lead in the air was notjp
of the threshold limit value of 0.2 mg/m^.
It appeared .to me that a more serious problem in this operation is the
extensive paint contamination on hands and clothing which results from cleaning
spray guns (which plug every 4-5 blocks) and extending hands into the box.
Without a very rigid personal hygiene program, the operator could easily ingest
a large quantity of lead picked up by contamination.
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BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
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B. Plant No. 2: Fabrication of Foam Glass
BARBER v. hiTSBURGH CORhi^u
1. Mould Stripping
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
11,
<
The mould stripping operation has been a source of minor eye injuries.
The flow of air from overhead hoods downward over^v^ope^itor appeared to
re-entrain dust upward from the mould to the operfRoir^-Aye. It is believed
that the reason for variations in severity of incMgnceW these injuries at
different stations is related to the adjustmensof^ir louvers on the overhead
hoods. Thusf at Station No. 1 air velocities \^e^e 4560 - 6000 fpm at the face
of the slotted 3 ft. x 1 l/Z ft. hood. At Stktimts 2-4, air velocities at the face were 1500 -4000 fpm. No. 2 Stataqr/hadf lowest hood face air velocities.
The reason for these variations isrthat use resistances of the ventilation lines
are varied by the men as they attj^swhir louvers. The remedy to this situation
/\
is to lock the louvers in posi^ony&fter adjustment by engineering personnel.
At Station 1 the louverbsjwere adjusted in a series of test positions to
see if air could be directeUsboth downward at the operator's back and forward
towards the oven anl<q over me roller table. These cursory studies were made
in the presence
Dusen. It appeared that by proper adjustment of
louvers, with s^rnc setjperpendicular to the floor and some at approximately
45* to the floor, the air could be effectively used to keep dust from the opera
tor's face.
- BB 0003748 |
The only alternative I can suggest to the above simple solution, is the
installation of suction sources below the knockout table. I believe the present
situation can be remedied by simple louver adjustment without recourse t
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BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP.
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
12.
major engineering of the facility. If simple louver adjustment and redirection
of air results in too little air reaching the operator's back, there is sufficient
air at each hood to extend the hood to face dimension^ of 2 l/2 ft. x 3 ft.
2. Mould Filling
Sound intensity levels at the filling operation ^wer^ yo - 106 db, which are
excessive. The 106 db level was intermittent, ocfb^ring^only during the filling
/^
cycle (approximately 1 second), but ear protecno^qhotouuld be utilized by the
operator.
Two overhead 8" diameter air ducts af'iijje 1 filling position are
poorly located. Air is directed at the flo&x/witfe the resulting upward flow
of dust. The jet should be lowered asm aligned parallel to the floor.
3. Grinding Operations
'S-
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Hood air velocities at theuryfders for 5" block face and side cuts were
greater than 1000 fpm,, indicatin^excellent control. An exhaust duct under
the knockout bench at the grinds^ig site was not operative because of a connection
break on the floor. This/is a p^or location for the duct. It should be relocated
(overhead entry) or somLeeoonn>>lfio\uld be responsible for checking the connection in the present site.. '^^HHoowweevv^jrr,, dust was well under control at this location.
Installation of exhaust cohtrol on the band saw would further improve the operation.
Sound intensity level at the band saw was 92 db: at the grinder it was
94 db. In my opinion, continuous exposure to levels in excess of 85 db is an
unnecessary risk. These men should wear a form of ear protector.
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AA f]07 by PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
1 BB 0003749 J
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13.
In this area the men used compressed air to "dust-off" surfaces and
themselves. An air jet is an excellent dust disperser and housekeeping would N,
be improved if an industrial vacuum cleaner, rather than an air jet, was used
for this purpose. 4. Stay-Dry Pipe Cover
V/
In this operation a synthetic asphalt, ftb^de^230, is rolled on the foam glass pipe sections. A condensed liq^Mtat^me rises from the hot, wet
rollers and is often in the breathing zone of tfen^pperator. An air sample (Millipore filter) obtained at the breatiun^K^ne of the operator indicated a concentration of 5.1 mg/m^. Unforttaa^ftelyC the ingredients in Kendex 4230 could not be determined and it is^iot possible to assess the health hazard of this exposure. The fume from he'o^ayaattiion also impairs visibility in the shop. It is recommended thl^itt sii/dflee--slot suction ventilation be utilized at this site. The slot air velocity'vfrH^deferease to 10% of its value one diameter
from the face so the tar ^Stfh^el^and exhaust slot must be in close proximity.
The saturated/vapork from this operation will condense on any cold
surface, including ansq&^tfst slot. Frequent cleaning of a hood exhausting
asphalt fumes is ^the only way to ensure good performance .
V)
5. Accoustlc Tile Spraying
Mood face air velocities at this operation were 150 -250 fpro and
control was satisfactory.
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP. ASBESTOS LITIGATION
THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF
me '^STRIES- INC- D'D NOT COME FROM
AQO !LS F
AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED
AAH (jj8 BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
bb 0008750 _j_
C. Plant No. 6: Foamthane
MRBa^.C0SNWGC0RP.
ASBESTOS UTIGAml
1. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) Concentrations in Air
Table 3 is a summary of TDI concentrations based oh air sampling in
this plant. All measured air concentrations ofxTDI were less than the ceiling value recommended by the American ConferenciTof'toa^ernmental Industrial
Hygienists (0.02 ppm). The operation which requires furtWteT^&ii^rol is hot wire cutting. At
present the men have erected a flexible^nlasti^curtain enclosure for the
operation. This enclosure should In1 n I'igiil mu enclosing three sides of the
/Swork bench from hood rim to floor/ Thisre commendation is based on measured
air velocities at this site. Fivvee feet iSsun the ground, in front of the work bench, velocities were 50 -75 t4opmm, w}lich iss comparable to room air veloci ties. Seven feet from the gro^uSrSWrd^l^OioOo ffpj m velocities were found. These
velocities are low and are^psxj^roaabhly due to air leakage into the plastic enclosure
at ground level in the real Qfce work bench.
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,r ATED
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15.
BARBER V. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP
Table 3
ASBESTOS LITIGATION
Concentrations of Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate in Air, Plant No. 6*
Sample
5 6 7
Location
X TIJDJJ1 Concentration ppm
X7
Breathing zone of operator
<0.01
(foam formation)
Breathing zone of opezhtorrSNjjBBun cutting at end of belt/v&*n sidfe)
0.01
Breathing zone of operator 2; Bun cutting (center oD^ji`koeurii jsfrBftiee )
<0.01
Breathing zon^ of oppeeirator; Hot
wire cutting
/
0.01
Breathing^one a operator; Band saw
XJ
Repeat Shaammppilfecs^r, wire cutting
/ /x
Bacl^joynd sample
<0.01 0.01
<0.01
* Sampling performed o:
, 1966, 1:30 -3:00 p.m.
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AA 040
J7 SB 0008752
D. Plant No. 8; Unibestos
BARBER v. PITTSBURGH CORNING CORP.*6' ASBESTOS LITIGATION
Dust in this plant was sampled and assessed using the midget impinger
*
techniques which are still standard practice in the United States. It should
be stressed that these techniques are undergoing transiticSn^and^pave much
be be desired, but they have been used for many year^3lt& still the basis
for recommended threshold limit values. Table 4 iVa summary of the results
of three air samples obtained in the plant. The conb^ntration of dust in the
breathing zone of the feeder is excessive. The feeder wore a respirator and
this practice, if voluntary, should be cornfmlsdxy.
X/
Concentrations of Asbestdbvin Air of Unibestos Plant*
Sample
1
, #
2"
3
^--
------------------------------------------------------------
^I*ocation
s:
`'Breathing zone of Sawyer
(\^ r
Breathing zone of Feeder
background Dust in Vicinity of Feeding Operations
MPPCF** 1.40.1
li.s^o.e
2.30.4
** Millions of PartifcWs Per Cubic Foot * Sampling performed on April 14, 1966, 4:00 -5:30 p.m.
TH1S DOCUMENT VMS NOT A RECORD^ Si "ScANNO? BE AUTHENTICATED
AA 041
1 BB 0008753 |
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17.
Housekeeping procedures in this plant should be greatly improved for
they undoubtedly contribute to the airborne dust. Some of the observed pro
cedures, which should be modified or discontinued, are listed below. 1. Shoveling scrap material from stora'gc^uy^to feed bins.
2. Feed bin conveyor belt returns (lSmes^ 1 !nd 2) are not enclosed
and material drops to the floor, thus creatfaur du^t.
3. JLine 1 cyclone hopper at ent/ytei*|he conveyor belt leaks.
4. Material drops from the fan ejStvy^feed line conveyor belt to a
55 Gal. drum, dispersing dust as it fafts.^
Air velocities at the feed
varied from 50 - 90 fpm in the
Dll bin to 130 - 170 fpm in the a^rapbin. These velocities are too low for
effective control of dust at this sitOs^/
Air velocities above Ahe cutting saw bed were 150 -200 fpm and
appeared to be effectively'controlling generated dust.
BARBER Y PITTSBURGH CORNING CGRP. ASBESTOS LITIGATION
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AA '042
I BB 0008754 |