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CHAPTER 27
1956 Guide
of manufacture. Note that the joint factor, c, is not included for plain
end non-ferrous pipe as listed in Table 2.
In addition to IPS copper pipe, several varieties of copper tubing are in
use: with either flared or compression couplings or soldered joints. Dimen
sions-of copper water
for plumbing, underground water
service, fuel-oil lines, gas lines, etc., have been standardized by the U. S.
Government and the American Society for Testing Materials.
Nominal
Size*
X X ...... 44 H:
IH 2 2X
3H.
------- -6
12 14 16
20
Table 4. Thbeading Data fob Pipe
Standard Weight
Iextra and Double Extra Strong
Pipe
0. D.
Threads per Inch
Coupling
O. D.
Coupling Length
Threads per Inch
Coupling
O. D.
Coupling Length
0.405 0/540 0.676 0.340 : 1.050
1.316 1.660 1.990 2.375 2.875
3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625
8.625 10.750 12.750 . 14.000 16.000
18.000 20.000'
27 18 18 14 ` 14
11H 1154 1154 1154
8'
8. 8 8 8 8
_
___
=
___
0.563 0.719 0.875 1.063 1.313
1.576 1.900 2.200 2.750 3.250
4.000 4.625 5.000 6.296 7.390
--
-
"'
* 154 IMs 1M ix
2 2M 2H 2X 3H
3M 3X 3V4 3H 4
_
--
-
--
--
27 18 18 14 14
UH 1154 11H 11H
8
8 8 8 8 8
8 8 8 8 8
8 8
0.663 0.719 0.875 1.063 1.313
1.576 2.054 2.200 2.875 3.375
1M m 1H
m
254
m
' 2H 254 254 454
4.000 4.625 5.200 6.298 7.390
4M 454' 454
454
m
9.625 11.750 14.000 15.000 17.000
5M 554 654 654 654
19.000 * 21.000
7X 75*
a All dimensions in b Taper of threads is H in. per ft on diameter on all sizes of pipe, and in couplings of 254 in. and over. Couplings 2 in. and smaller are straight tapped. 6 5.562 for copper and red brass pipe. Note:.The wall thickness and inside diameter shown in Table 1 do not apply to copper and red brass pipe*
Copper tube is classified in accordance with the wall thickness as follows.
. Type K--Heavy Wall. Type L--Medium Wall. Type M--Light Wall. Type DWV--Light Wall--for drainage, waste, and vent service.
In general. Type K is used for underground services and for general plumbing service where corrosion conditions are severe. Type L is used
for general plumbing and heating service where conditions may be con sidered normal. Type M is used for sanitary drainage and other non1 pressure applications, for heating, and sometimes for other services less severe than those for which Types K or L are recommended. Type DWV
Pipe, Fittings, Welding
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is of lighter weight than Type M, and is used for sanitary drainage and other non-pressure applications. Type DWV tube may be used for all types of fill except cinders, where Type L is recommended. Where flexi bility is essential as in hidden replacement work, or where as few joints as passible are desired as in fuel-oil lines, the soft temper is commonly used. In new or exposed work copper tube of a hard temper is generally used. All three types are extensively used with soldered fittings.
Standard dimensions, weights, and diameter and wall-thickness toler ances for these classes of copper tube are obtainable from Table 2. Copper pipe is also available with dimensions of steel pipe.
In refrigeration lines, used in connection with air conditioning equip ment, copper tube is used extensively. For refrigeration use where tube absolutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper tube that has been cleaned, dehydrated and sealed is used. This tube is available in a variety of sizes and wall thicknesses.
Table 5. Normal Engagement of Tight-Fit Male and. Female Pipe Thbeads
For American Standard and API Pipe Threads
Pipe Size
Engaged Length*
In.
Pipe Sizes
Engaged Length*
In.
Pipe Sizes
Engaged Length*
In.
XX
IX Me
4 IX
M 54
IH Me
5 IX
Xx
2 .X
6 15ie
H 54
254 *5U
8 1 Me
H Me 3 1
10 IX
1
>Me
354 IMe
12
IX
* Dimension shown is the normal tight-fit thread engagement from the leading edge of the female thread back to the leading edge of the male thread. No allowance has been made for threading variations.
THREADING PRACTICE
In all threaded pipe for heating and ventilating installations the American Standard taper pipe thread, ASA B2.1-1942 is used. This thread is cut with a taper of 1 in 16 measured on the diameter of the pipe so as to secure a tight joint. The number of threads per inch varies with the pipe size. Threads for fittings are the same, except that it is regular practice to furnish straight tapped couplings for Schedule 40 pipe 2 in. and smaller. For steam pressures in excess of 25 psi, it is recommended that taper-tapped couplings be used to obtain a tight joint. These may be secured by order ing line pipe2 which is used for oil piping, the couplings of which are provided with taper-tapped threads and may be used with regular mill-threaded standard weight pipe. Thread lengths should be in accordance with ASA B2.1. Right-hand threads are used unless otherwise ordered. To facilitate drainage, some elbows have the thread tapped at an angle to
provide a pitch of the connecting pipe of in. to the foot. These elbows are known to the trade as pitch elbows and are commercially available. All threaded pipe joints should be made up with a thread paste suitable for the service for which the pipe is to be used.
Table 4 contains pertinent threading data for standard weight, extra strong and double extra strong steel, and wrought-iron pipe. The normal engagement of pipe threads is given in Table 5.