Document wDr3mkdRN4dKby1YoapqnQGjQ

452 CHAPTER 31 1960 Guide Toble 6 ... Pipe Fittings 90, 60, 45 A 22H* Standard 90 A 45* Street 90 A 45* Male union 90 A 45* Female union 90 A 45* Butt-welding 90 A 45* Socket-welding 90 A 45 Flanged 90* Side outlet 90* Railing 90* Side outlet railing Base Drop Tees Standard Flanged Female union Flanged base Railing Service Flanged side outlet Female union outlet Butt-welding Side outlet railing Four-way Male union Flanged reducing Socket-welding Drop Couplings Wrought Cast Socket-welding Crosses Screwed Flanged Butt-welding Y-Bends 45* Screwed 45* Flanged 45* Double screwed True flanged Return Bends Butt-welding Reduceas Standard Back outlet Eccentric socketwelding Screwed Union end Flanged paper Flanged ecbut-welding centric Bushings Outside hexagon Eccentric Face Caps Standard Socket-welding Butt-welding Plugs Countersunk Square-head Bar Nipples Cl086 Long Tank Unions Female Male A female Flange Tongue A groove flange BUSHINGS Outside Eccentric Face Caps Standard Socket-welding Butt-welding Plugs Countersunk Square head Bar Nipples Close Unions Female Flanges Blind Floor Long Male A female Flange Screwed Slip-on Tank Tongue A groove flange Welding neck Reducing Allowable pressures for solder-type fittings are given in Table 7. Allowable pressures for ferrous screwed, flanged, and welding fittings according to ASA specifications are given in Table 8. Steel welding (butt or socket type) fittings may be used for the same pressure as the pipe, providing wall thicknes (or schedule number), and also the material, are the same as the pipe on which they are used. Screwed fittings include: couplings, elbows (45* or 90"), return bends (cIo6e and open), tees, crosses, laterals (Ybranches), plugs, caps, lock nuts, flanges, bushings, and re ducing fittings (elbows, tees, and couplings). Reducing fittings and bushings may be eccentrically tapped to permit, drainage of condensate. Sometimes nipples are erroneously called fittings. Actually a nipple is a piece of pipe less than 12 in. long that has been threaded on both ends. Pipe 12 in. or longer is regarded as cut pipe. Nipples are classified as dose or full thread, shoulder, short, and long. A close nipple is about twice the length of Table 7 .... Service Pressure Ratings for Wrought-Copper or Bronze Solder Joint Fittings* TypaofSoUer 50-50 Tin-lead (ASTMJ B32 Alloy Grade 50A) r--ip,, f 100 150 200 250 _Maximum Service Premwe, Prig Water 78 to Hn> 2 In.* 2bvb {AtQ 200 175* 150* 150 125 100* -- 100 90* 75* -- 85 75* 50* 15* 95-5 Tin-antimony or 95-5 Lead-tin (ASTM B32< Alloy Grade 5A) 100 150 200 250 500 400 400 350 300 250 200 175 300 275 200 150 15 Solders with melting point 1100 F or above 350 270 190 155 120 Note: Betiof other then pacified here be need opoa recommesAx- tkn of the mamifaetarer to tha proper solder* that should be used. Extracted from America* Standard fir WrvMfii Copper and Bronee Solder Joint Fittingt, b Standard water tube aim except 1.8 iru, which is id in. OD mni-- copper tubioj for refrigerator service, etc- (ASTM B6S). These premium may be used for cast-brass fittings (ASA B1S.IS-U5Q Its sisee 8 in. and smaller. * Them treasures may be used for east-beam fittings (ASA B16.16-19SQ) (es Siam 8H in. and above. * Also allowahle for ceat-bram fining* (ASA B1S.18-1SS0). the pipe thread since the threads actually meet. A shoulder nipple has a shoulder between the threads and is further classified as short or long. All shoulder nipples are cut to specific lengths and sold in that manner. As a general rule, flanged joints are used when it is ex pected that the tine will be disassembled quite often. There are three types of joints for attaching the flange to the pipe; screwed, welded, or lapped. Types of contact surface will be discussed in the next section. Tables 9 to 15 give data on various types of ferrous fittings. Fittings for copper tubing are available in soldered, flared, or compression types (see Figure 2). Fittings for copper pipe of IPS dimensions are available in screwed or soldered types. Table 16 gives size data for screwed fittings and Tables 17 and 18 give data for solder-type fittings for copper tube and pipe. b *42 m 4 ~b b 432TEE b 4 4>2 Y-BRMtCH 4 ~b 4>4<2>2 CROSS M>2 CROSS 4i]2i|t CROSS Fig. 1 .... Description of Tees and Laterals (ASA B16.3) Pipe, Fittings, Welding Table 8____ASA Specifications and Pressures for Screwed and Ranged Rttings T,p* of fifUag Saturated Speu&otioa Steam Pr****re PsB* Cast Iron--Flanged............................... Cast Iron--Flanged............................... Cast Iron--Flanged............................... Cast Iron--Flanged (refrigeration)... Cast Iron--Screwed............................... Malleable Iron--Screwed...................... Malleable Iron--Screwed...................... Brass or Bronze--Screwed................... Brass or Bronze--Screwed.................. Steel--Flanged....................................... B16.1 Bl6b B16bl B16.16 B16.4 B16.3 B16.19 B16.15 B16.17 BI6.5 125 250 800 300 125 and 150 150 300 125 250 2500 Premure mxy reduce with eiam. This premure is the minimum allowed in tha specification foeeatqnted sterna. Hither premures mxy beallowed with lower temperature*. The compression-type fitting is generally limited to small sizes of tube, while the flared and soldered types are used in both large and small sizes. An American Standard, ASA A40.2 (1936), has been prepared to standardize dimensions of brass fittings for flared copper tube. Flared tube fittings are widely used in refrigeration work where SAE dimensions and a 45-deg flare render most fittings interchangeable, al though for refrigeration use, thread fits and tolerances on thread gages must be maintained within close limits. Brass fittings with SAE dimensions are not interchangeable with the American Standard fittings for water tube. .. FLANGE FACINGS AND GASKETS There are many types of flange facings. The amplest, and the one most commonly used, is the plain face. This type of face is used with fittings shown in Table 10. Other facings, with varying complexity, are used for higher pressures. They include: male and female face (an insert type face), tongueand-groove (an adaptation of the male and female type), lapped pipe to flange, lapped pipe to pipe, and ring and groove using neck flanges. As it is too expensive to machine flange faces sufficiently to provide watertight joints, a gasket is usually inserted be- aXOflHIVE RTTHG KFiaGOtUMTWC RJWED-TU83C fITTWQS fig. 2 .... Copper or Brass Tube fittings 453 Table 9 .... Dimensions of Screwed Cast-Iron 90and 45-Deg Elbows, Tees, and Crosses (Class 125) {Straight Siie) Nom inal Pip* six* Center to End, Ebowj, Ctoom Center 45-to End, Oeg Rbowi length of A C8 Intide Promoter ofWidth of fitting ; Metal Thick- Ovtride Xumeter Mn E Max Min G H H 0.81 H 0.95 M 1.12 X 1 1.31 1 1.50 Xm 1.75 1.94 0.73 0.32 0.38 0.584 0.540 0.110 0.93 0.80 0.36 0.44 0.719 0.675 0.120 1.12 0.88 0.43 0.50 0.897 0.840 0.130 1.34 0.98 1.12 1.29 1.43 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.70 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.75 1.107 1.050 0.155 1.385 1.315 0.170 1.730 1.660 0.185 1.970 1.900 0.200 1.63 1.95 2.39 2.68 2 2.25 2H 2.70 3 3.08 3.42 1.68 1.95 2.17 2.39 0.75 0.92 0.98 1.03 0.84 0.94 1.00 1.06 2.445 2.375 0.220 2.975 2.875 0.240 3.600 3.500 0.260 4.100 4.000 0.280 3-28 3.86 4.62 5.20 4 3-79 2.61 1.08 1.12 4.600 4.500 0.310 5.79 5 4.50 3.05 1.18 1.18j 5.665 5.563 0.38C 7.05 6 5.13 3.46 1.28 1.28 6.725 6.625 0.430 8-28 8 0.56 4.28 1.47 1.47 8.725 8.625 0.550 1063 10 8.08* 5.16 1.6S 1.68 10.850 10.750 0.690 13-12 12 9.50* 5.97 1.88 1.88 12.850 12.750 0.800 15.47 From American Standard Dimentione of Caet-lron Screwed FitHnf*, dee* 115, ASA B 16.4-1949. All dimeaskme live* in ioctn*. * Tha xpplie* to elbow* end Ceee only. tween the contact faces of the flanges. The flange bolts then draw the faces up so tight that the gasket deforms into the face imperfections and thereby provides a tight joint. Gaskets are made of numerous materials, such as cork, paper, fiber, asbestos, metal (iron, steel, copper, etc.), and combinations of metal and some soft material. The proper gasket material to use depends upon the service of the pipe. The material should not be detrimentally affected by the chprnical and thermal conditions of the fluid being carried. VALVES Valves are made with the same end connections as fittings. A brief description of each type follows. 1. Flanged Ends: Made in sizes from 14 in. up. Used when ever line fittings are flanged and if frequent removal is con templated. Flanged valves facilitate installation when large niA<i are used. 2. Screwed finds: Most common-type end. Can be used for oil pressures. Usually confined to smaller size because of diffi culty in making large screwed joints. 3. Welding Ends: Available in steel only. Generally employed for high-temperature, high-pressure work. Difficult to disassem ble in a welded line. This type includes butt-welding or socketwelding. See Tables 11 and 14 for size of fittings available in ach class. The valves are made in the same range. 4. Brazing finds: These ends are available.on brass valves. The ends have a special shape to facilitate use of brazing alloys. These valves are used for higher temperatures than solder end valves.