Document wDmnow4bpRLaYDOzqnpwGwkmD

FILE NAME: AZW/W DATE: DOC#: A/W OCUMENT DESCRIPTIONd:Z,ZZ ZW VOL. 47. No. 611. DECEMBER. 1975 ~' Table l-Apparent U.5. Consumption of Asbestos, Tons' Year .::: ~, ' ..... "\ ~ - ::"'~ .. ~~.' ':. - .... ~ OUlP.NAL OF PAlNT TECHNOt.oGy " , the {onowing Congressional pUIpose: "To assure so far as po9Smle every Improper interpretation of 'the regulati~ns has create? many miscon EPA Standards Whereas OSHA is responsible for working man and woman .in the na tion safe and healthful working COD- cce~putrioenss anbeoeudtedequtotpm~ernotpearn1dy prouse the protection of the worker, the En- vironmentel.Protection Agency (EPA) en. ditions and to preserve our lluman arbestos. If exposure limtts are not is charged with improving the resources.- The Act established the . en-eeded.there are DO further com- vironment to which the .general public Occupational Safety and Health Ad- p1ian~, requirements except ~ ~-" is exposed. On March .31, 1971, as- ministration (OSHA) within the De- ,i~l ~aminations. Medical...~. ,: t>estos. along wlth ~Di~ .end :',". partment of IAbor, which ~ re- tions ~re. ~u1r~ -Jor an: ~?~, ~ ',' mercury,' was identi&d .... ~d- '., ',' sponsibility lor -admimstrati~ :and ...in ~ny occupation exposed to~~e .~." oOs 'ai~ pollutoant" by tOe. A.mDinistra~ -:- .-: "enforcement. Research and. ~1ated., ','.c:oncen~ti~ of ssbestos.,~~.;.:.~e ::'.~..tor .of the .EPA. :NattiOoa-l Emi9sion., _':! functions are.handled by .the Depart->~.,~ examiua~l>DJ ~ relatively.slmple ua ~.:" .Standards for asbUtos were theD pub--' ':' ment of HeaJt.b, Education aoa ~e1- ":iri:!h~~ ,~~~. ~ ~~.~.tli~<.~::' ]jsbed by.EPA in tbe'_Fedenll &gil-. ". =i~~b!:!go,vm~:;nm;en~U:-~'j.:~~~;~~~~~'~m:ch' ~.as..~tb!~:!~, :~e:S~/'~l~"~ ... ,.ana ... .. pHleoalyth~ (NIOSH). ~Five million .~- and 60 million of ..ne nations . are for required in the ronmuction ~e._,. the sp18Y application of insulation ,}tJearrm~.wweerepreesstcarbilbisebd.e.d:,.-~o"ppertea'vttenngt ~o~r .. . 80 million workers are covered by OSHA. SpeciScally fIl[clurled. from .and nreprooGng materials, and Eor-1he :removal of such materials. This spO- _ .lsiimdeitaiarsfbreosmtosasb~ estos. mi&~! ~~YSou,t-"~.~,.. C!Ovemge ~ t employe-:s and operations wbiah are protectoea ..~clealrpruosteecotironas.ibse-sntoots ruenqleusis ~eqfo>rosauyre oertai.n manu~g .. o;pe2'Iltions, :. .. building demolition,.aDd the spray-on .. under other federal. ~ and safety,. '1!m1ti'Mi exceeded. This is 'also true application of materials lJItlCl:~ iD-":' ,:~ laws, In. news release issued J2Duary Ior' Ot'her ItemJ spedaDy suJate -<lr fireproof equipm~ ~ 4, 1972, OSSA IUlDOUDced ~ Target ~:~ equjppecftOOls, cli&nge ~, elothes machinery. The law.further -req~ .. .-- . ;et Health Hazards Program improving health actors .~ ;,~ ~"}aund~g;:~a...~.~,~ .:::-piratOrl :are 'Dot .a. ftbstilute for. eD: that spray-on mat~ '~ed sulate or fireproof bui1diDgs, ~t~ocm-,:.:.::__. '-.. with working ~. Tbe ;fol1ow- ,~-- ;gioeenni:cntro1s~.but .th~ _~~ -.~ iura,. pjpes,,-and .CODa~..~..con: .~ , ing five subctanees were designated to be the focus or initial sua con-' -, their :use .while controls :..aie "'bemg' . implemented,' in'.ipecI&l-:sitUa'tions ' . :wtaeiniglhetsbsatslilsa..n~JSsh.o~uld1)sifgt:o.iSac..adnrtyly- ._.::.' or aosebrteesdtose,ffooortls'tb~y~O~S~B~A,..a_nd~N~I,O:S~Hd: .awdbeeqrUe-a.Cteo, nitnro,e1mS"e.argree.n.DdOet.l~!,,fa8nasdiJbo~,r.Jn..';:,'-r,ece1ruacelp~ ubl~ icm....a:y!bOe,f:l~X~th.e~_~~.y ": ._: . catbon monoxide;:, ........, ':J';.... , ",:,. ,.~uent' .short-tenD. jo'b:assignmeotl. .in 1arge mban areas. :_~,,<::-:~: ;~: :r.', "" . are At thepreseDt time, DeW standards " Caution. labels req~ OD:prOd. ~ ',.:':.,:.: ._the Administmtor (of EPA),;:'~'- have been established only for ubes- '1JCts Wutabu'Dg a&bes~ acept where has detennined that. ~ older to pm- tos, although, of the 8,000 toxic sub- ..the fi.bers lave been modified bY ..8 vide an ample margm of afety _to stances OD 'the NIOSH list, only 500 -bonding' agent or other material to protect ~e public bealth &om ~ are covered by *t1dards and many prevent dusting during any normal hestos. it 15 necessary to eon~ ealls- of thOle Deed updating. 'I1le new subsequent use or handling. BesIdes sions from major man-made sources St&ndMd for Exposure 'to Asbestos naw asbestos abet, prodllCts which of asbestos emissions into the atmos. Dust was published in the Federal require package labeling could in- phere.'but tba~ i~ is_~t ~_:t~ _. ."",,> .' Register. Vol 37. No. 110. OD June ~. elude: dry acoustical sp18Y products prohibit all ~ ;" :-rN-f 1972, The basic ~ standard 15 and joint cements. unsaturated roof-. . "'In t~is ~etel~nu.tion,~ A~m- _ ana an 8-hr time welghted awrage Jog fel.t, textiles, and some,:in- . . istrator ~ 're~~ .on_: ~ Ne.tional . ; (~A) of. five fibers, mlcrometenl, per cubic lo~nmg-e:rtteharn 5 of squulaattitnbginpdreordsu. Tcths em1aadbeel.i\nvg.itobro.autpraodd";-" .....,.:b.:eAsatladse,mwyb"i~cl.'SCC!OleInlCcleusd'e~s.~.I~tbesotnos'~I_S'~,~~"' ';. . --ana. :.. air. The TWA limit is to be reduced uct does lIOt prohibit ,j~ :~e. It .- too important in our ~no1ogy '~. to two fibers per cubic centimeter on .... should be noted here .tbatin .at ~ ODOmy tor its essential use. to be. , J~ly 1, 1978. A peak concentration 901 of the products contaiDing ~ stopped. 'But, because ('If the ~ of 10 Sbers per cubic centimel:er is bestos the libels are solidly loolced serious effects of uneontrol1ed inha- not to he exceeded at any time. Al1 into ..the product thereby presenting lation of asbesto~ minerals in mdus- of the fiber eoneentrlltions are those to which an employee may .:be exposed without prdtective clothing ~nd eqoipment. The fim baste reqmre- little danger of dust genm:ation dur-. try. and uncertamty as to tbe shape ing 1IOnnal use and handlin~ of ~ ~ ~racter, of t~e d'~~e:~se proauct.~! :..,...:.:. '.' ...' .. ">~ '.:' '. ':;':";' .. curve ID rotn, It w?~ld m. highly un- .;, __ . .. .'. . .. ' '.. .,,.. _ , ...... "._ . . ' .... ". _" _ .. , _, ment of the new standard is monitor- =s!a~~ : :~ ing to detennioe whether or not fiber , pliers provide a monitoring service to customers. and a similar s~ce may be obtained f;om state health departmertt officials. insurance carriers. or private consultants. The law requires ethssaatry.mtoorrietonrsinugrebtehartepeematpeldoyeaess naeree- nOl: exposed to 1eYels in aoes5.of the exposure ~ts.. ..' '., JJmi~ :C'MVERS. Ma~age~ 'f~~ \~ cali~ria ': ,: ,:..._';. .... . ..... '.. ~.: ~'; "r~: .':: .' '.":~' ,_ ..' '. . _ Marketing Asbestos Group in Union Carbide s Metals Dlv. receIved his 8.S. Degree in Chemical Engin~ring from Purdue University in 1951. Joining Union carbide that same year. ha ..rllod In the Nueleer Division until 1968. when he be- came a Research Engineer In the asbestos group. He was promoted to his present position in .1970.:,. ,': ,: , .~~ ~ ';' ..,~. ", ...,:,,':!':.'!, ;',.~:~~ '.:, ...~~.'.l.~..,..:"~~;';c~ '. :..:;. ;;'--W',.. _ . .! ".,_.. '.~ "~, ,._,.f. . .!~~_:,~.,' . _ .:-". >_~ ,,_' " VOL 47. No. 611. DECEMBESl 1975 '. ! prudent to pennit additional con- Table 4-Typical Air Sampling Dust-Control Measures tamination of the public environment Results' Asbe t d d with asbestos, Continued use llt m i n - , Ceiling . ,sos pro ~rs an users are ima} risle to the public requires that Type:Plant : Concentration, ~ending a cooS1derabl.e amount of th e maJor. ~ur~ f 0 mad' man- e as- Or Operation Asbeltos Flbe,.l .' , . . ,ttirmalemaenadsumreosn. eCyoonnvevnatnioonuisl.mduesat-u<slOtno- <.: . nee! .... ..' ." bt.e.stdosfLeemdISSIodn IDl'o the atmosphere Floor .dIe.";.~.~'..:1.!';~:~.l;.:.::~{' J:.' 1 - ' j .; -, .....,!..~'.. . ,. 'I'l.cIr.u!eve mm smum d ust ILCV.G..!'O-i ~ '--u ' de: .'. gc; eWl an contro 'I'1,;'.:~~~~,;:: - . '. '1;-" ..~..~ 'POlyes~~'l~;i';~,i(~::;'...;.~ '.1-'; ~ ~ ;;r..' ~Y' .~..!'T,.#" .. , J.::~-:':, ~ .. J.... . filtered . ven~ation UI .-~"-"J'ioAUinI pro'cess': . ',~: .' .. , , . P'l.t ~;.~.;. .... : ~,O:'''":-(' i~,..,l?,I~. j<!.'1..... i:,'.,..... ~.;:.t; . . i'f'1 ." ::.: .Phenollc C.:_O.. JDjIOumUng;;~~-5 ~'~""''';;'~f; \{<'~quipment,"Iocal -ventilation .."""~ncilingpbenoUC.. ~h...;. " '~lr \:.,,;:(~ :"1_""'" '-for'Saws '~'''.' -._ .. ' ~: _ . .:.- What is'lndustry Doing?!"')'i. ,~,.,.......... ~ ,.<,. ..(sN;'t~-, < J: ::-,,..;aniH.siirinar:"tooa;';CODvers'iOll'J.:to;:,;;aY,:.-.: : ' ua; Tbe . . -- ~ . Asbestos - ' . , _I." .. -=-.,.. .'" .' llUotDIaDon " .. !~.-; . ""1:', .:'>-! Assocna- : ;.;~: .. -':.-CG'Na.u\.:l.k7s::a;na;dim.sJe'\-a'\l~a~"n'~t~s~~'~x''.,:~'.;~.f~.}~~"o"",.'IiI.I.gl~'~:~~;''};::.''';~:'"~~""'.'~;...'11t~"'i':.''Ca'g~mwegMe,.aao 'v',"~:;ouperma~... ",it. :i:o1ne."a~nl.-~eu.up.!~n-miooorfe-a~u~ea..m~ - c' . '. ..... .. ;, ' tion/North America reports that, dur-. -' '1'~'''''-' I ... ,~.1 ~.I '..." . bag dISPosal and other asbestos waste . ~zl_Ig tbepA_'". 30 y~, theasbestos'ln v':-.' .. :' mo(na\ilo'Srolnu,rcerc:poUt1nLionA~Cr.a..r.b. ide Carp~.:.;.1:r"G'-ai:;'a:i-r . 'bandling,.an'd automat.ic'h, ag'qp'e"oers:-.,-:-'. '. dustry has spent mJJUons of dollars to 1Jnusual innovations lnClude\ : pel-:' . _' 'improve mining, milling, and manufaCl- ' '.,~.,.; ... ' . "o:"'''~ "'. ..,'.:.,:..:..."":~:. . 1etized asbestos, special packaging,' ..','. . luring methods.' nte estabUshment of " l' -.~" t .. <P',' .. '. ~...... '," '. '~.~.:..~:~~ ~.~. ' and treated l'rodocts.,:~~q.~ ~v}f~.,,__1f~~.~~:t~.~ safer working conditions has been a ~':'.' ':' -" ': ..... ; '" ?~,.; .. ,.,."."' ' . Only short-&ber chrysotile is ilviai1-:.'::' . prime target and this work continues 'able OSHA 'level is 10 ftbers/ec.In ~. &hie as peDets. but this product wyes' ....,.. uDabated and in close association with most cases, the 1WA exposure.~e] :,-..'... ~fair J'OI'fion oE.the,aSbestos madcet.'- :'i.'" government agencies -and independent 'would be well below OSHA '~5tiiD<::-' 'JleDets .:riot .only ieQuce. dust during -5.: . medical researobers.::~;!lrr.:;,:~"~,:' .. :' dards. Most of the data were'(,o1leCtecPf'-:7conventfonal"'handling'but tbey-..are.':-' .' 'The ultimate goals Of the asbestos, . before "the iDstaDatioii:O!iJiY;'~"j~~:~;.aVai1ablein.bWJc ~ ;:mnnd:::1<:'~ . >: . industry are: Reduction of work-area . aust~Control __SW'eS: 'MonitoriDl'U~~}{unDe ttaDSfeired .and used in totally dust to miDimmn, levels; 'Protection :-:".1en:thows thatObVioUsly::.austY.:COIi--:'f' ..encloSed sYstems. Barring leaks 'm,the ":. ' of workers from' asbestos-related dfs~ -H '-ditionS"ve'~Causea by"-matena1t'btb"~~:::: ;system,.-dust iJi~Or1c:areas ~.virtua1ly: ~,:.,-: cases; Maintenance' of environmental . .. .fhBn .Ubest05."This 'does not preeIude :.: ~'-eliminatea. :V.aecl.:lit~:bU1k; ~-1imesto$.:.~;: .~~. > emissions at levels Jow-enough to pre-' the'1ieed for"-i:ontr01s;'''bu!:::lt r-cirUla .-~ 'pellets ,'alSo' ,n,auce';SbippiDg~ts,: c1utre pubJi<: endangennent: 'c.;;.:'.'!~";;~ ..1:Iwige their tma facilitate COin',;';:. :eliminate ! ~use-;,. storage;ena.~:':', . ~" .zegWatJo.oS. . '; . . ....::'~.."::~ ;"~:;.!"" ~ pliance with goVernment . 'handling, facilitate automation. reduce::;::t~:; .~'r: '. Air Sampllnej':"':l ':-~:~J . Because of "ad press7 ,ubestos ,is "':".c1ean-up, and elimiDate bag !wialing.... ;"'-'. _~. ~.., oraerea .ana '.';.::,-:- '. "'" . frequently out 'Of'tlS~ 'withOut . iIisposal." ne .pellets -(lOntain :no:' .~ ',.. '.~ .. In order to comply with OSHA " regard to -whether ~or 'not~;'ba2ard .<~der..and.are )ria~l(~. ~_~ ~'..'.~':"~j; _. standards and to detennine the need . aetuatly exists ,cue "to air :~tamfnB::' .' ~ersed .in. c1ry,!~..or.in aqueous'~:':"::~. ::-. for dust control measures, air monitor- tion. - If . acc:epblble duSt "-levels ':are ' ... .or -resinous'.systems with:~nventiODll. :~ ~ .,. ~. . ing should be. conducted in areas feasible, ther'e is -no 'Deed to' nplace .. 'high-shear grinding equipment.~;~::..::._:: ." .. where asbestos is regularly bandIed -asbestos at the expense of product ,Several types of special par:lcagblg' .,... . . or usoo, OSHA standards require that quality or economic penalty. Cordon are currently available .and suppliers : ~.~~. " m "all detenninations .aiIborne con Everett of EPA pOints out that 'in- consider customer requesa Or ,:wms- --:.-;. .:.. centrat:ons of. asbestos &hers shaD be formation on the ,biological effects of ual requirements. The floor tile indus- :-.:.~. . then; made by the membrane fiker method asbestos is very limited .nd fLat the try can obtain asbestos in plastic bags """ at 400-450X .(magnification) (4 mil1i- effects of many substitutes have not which <an be added directly~. ~~ :-:-~.c meter objective) with phase contrast been investigated at aD. Before as- crnnpounding operation. Asbestos In',:' illumination....~, The equipment. for. bestns is replaced. it should 'be eet'- bleached paper blgs 'usem})Jed:witb . conecting. v.ir samples .costs leu &an' , "tain that.a ufer a1ternaH\!8 ~. avail-' . ~water-soluble glue.ana printed' .with ';.: '. $4'00 and'is readily available. A'phue :.. able.~~-!~\!!.!:i:~~ei;~~:~'!"~~tr-:!7.f.:':. '/ .w.ater-d!spem'ble ~in1c: Can.i,e....dded:- -. contrast microscope ean be obtainea ' .' Obviously :it.re' 'm~ '..peOple.. :' \-iinH:tly",to papei..Diaking: Juishes'::or. ':' . for as little as $600, or .~ existing exposed to products containing ~~ .' . acoustical tile fonnu1atiODS..'i",~~:i.~.,it '.: ' microscope earl be modified for tos than there'-are to raw abcr.rtvs :": Althougb ....wette~ aJbe"stos is not _ . "counting" the uiJestos fibers in complinnce with NlOSH criteria.1S Air samples have been conected &hers. AB noted previously.. more than. 90S of the asbestos used in this COUDtry is in products in which the asbes genera-Dy' ; aVailable, :most '.mppliers _ are worlcing ~~ eustomers to ~: :.' vide "dustless" products.JVben justi-. ~ and analyzed OD a regular basis by tos is jocked in" 'Or bound with cethe a.~bestos indurtry 'for years. Ex- . ment, plastics, or other binders, so fled .by marleet den'!and, .asbestos caD. be treated witn water. mineral spirits',. cept for a few applicatiom where dust .....that there is no release, or at least no control is an engineering problem, in- significant release, of fibers in work dustry is finding that dust levels are already within accept.lble standards or tlmt minimum ehanges ve nee_Ary to Aeftieve C!OfftJ>liAD!e..Al areas or to the environment. Materials or ~ with looked-in &ben would include: floor tile, polyester resins. pheno1ies. seal....t... ~t:nss, glycol. or other materiab compatible . . with the application or system. ..';.~ '''. ;.-" ~ . ":1" art,. .;: ;t.,,-.~,;:; . . Conclusion ".~;i..i;"':-c.:"..... . ..0 . . ' . , I .. , .:........ ~ . Asbestos Is ";'e' of ;ndustrr-s - 1 tbouldt data on many asbestos/plastic applications are not ayailable, the summary in Table 4 is typical of our measurements of dust levels durinl!; asbestlJS handlinJE in various types of brake linings. friction materials, nib. ber. roofing compounds. 9Ila rein- forced plasticso Since an abrading ac- lion on some of these products could release asbestos flbers, app~te raw materials wbiclt inVOlves a pc>tentfal huard whim not used with reasonable resP8et tmd eUe. Although aD fonns 'of ubestos are recognized as nazardous to health when inhaled ' plants and operations. The dust levels monitoring and/or 'control measures excessively, there is growing evidence reported are ceiling concentrations, should be instituted if it is thought that erocidolite ana amosite are moro and it should bs noted that the anow-. . that Inch action would release fibers.. bazardous than ~ti]e. F~te- "I_..,.....'IIIrJI.... . . _'I:"~ .....".,..... TS",..~_.---., , . ... -" .. . . t' "~ . ~:. , ", . .~ . . ~~:~.; ... . : .~ "; . ',.~ , .. ... -" VOL .7. No. 611. DECEMBElt 1975