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FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB) DATE: 1941 DOC#: CHAB021 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1940 by Teleky 3731 Chemical Abstracts 3732 Vol. 35 13--CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS (plastics, resinoids, insulators, adhesives, etc.) H E R M A N .A. BRUSON Mines safety and accident prevention. X. Sugges tical basis for the development of lung cancer from pneu tions for reducing accidents. Robert Boone. Mines moconiosis in general or silicosis in particular. It is highly Mag. (Colo. School of Mines) 31, 122, 134, 136, 141 . probably, however, that asbestosis predisposes to the de- (1941); cf. C. A. 35, 30927.--Descriptive. L. S. 2 vclopment of cancer (6 cases of lung carcinoma in 39 pub Adequate medical facilities for control of lead absorp lished autopsies on asbestosis). The irritant action of tion. Elston L. Belknap. Natl. Battery Mfrs. Assoc., asbestos dust may be purely mech. in contrast to the chem. Rept. Ind. Hyg. Sessions 15, P t.2, 65-70(1939); cf. C. A. action of quartz dust. Chromate dust also appears to 35,821'.--Potentially dangerous industrial exposure to lead stimulate the development of cancer of the lungs and per develops when inhalation of finely divided lead^ compds. haps also of other organs. The inhalation of producer occurs in excess of 1.5 to 3 mg. of lead per 10 cu. m. of gas (contains 0.7% tar vapor) has caused several cases of air. The commonest signs of lead absorption are a lead lung cancer in Japan. The no. of observations is yet too line, stippled cells in the blood and lead in the urine (0.1 3 small to permit any conclusions. Skin cancer is frequently 0.2 mg. per liter). Very frequent medical examination of 3 found in workers exposed to tar dust, pitch dust and tar lead workers is recommended. A. L. Elder vapors, but no lung carcinoma has yet been found in such Growths in the respiratory tract. (Preliminary notice.) workers. Exhaust gases from motor vehicles contain no A. J. Amor. Ber. 8 intern. Kongr. Unfallmed. u. Berufs- substance which has yet been shown to favor the develop krankh. 2, 941(1939); Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Unfallverhiit. ment of cancer. Isolated observations on lung cancer in 27, 33(1940).--Five regions of the respiratory tract are the As, Ni and Fe oxide industries stimulate further work especially sensitive to the action of inhaled vapors and, but do not yet permit any conclusions. However, the can- dust: (1) the anterior end of the middle turbinated bone, cerogenic action of radioactive substances, especially the (2) the portion of the septum opposite (1), (3) the naso 4 Ra emanation (Schneeberg, Joachimsthal) is certain. pharynx, (4) the larynx and (5) the carina and the en This injurious action requires years, usually decades, trance to the principal bronchi. The mucous membrane before lung cancer occurs; the cancer often does not de of the respiratory tract is frequently irritated by dust, velop until years after removal of the harmful action. A Cl and SOj, which cause an epithelial metaplasia. The true cancer always develops. Ruth Berggren harmful action of chromic acid and As and Cu salts on the Lung cancer and occupation. Koelsch. Acta Unio nose causes chronic inflammatory changes, and ulcerations Intern, contra Cancrum (Paris) 3,243(1938); Zentr. Gewer and perforations of the septum. The perforations usually behyg. Unfallverhiit. 27, 32-3(1940).--Practically, dust in appear in region (2). Each of these substances is an halation alone cannot be recognized as a significant cause etiological factor in the development of growths of the 5 of lung carcinoma, in spite of the assumed anatomical respiratory tract. Two types of occupational cancer of the possibility. The acute and chronic action of irritants (acid lungs are described in the literature: (a) The Schneeberg industry) and war gases might in very rare cases cause miners, who suffer from tumors, work with ores contg. Ag, bronchial cancer. The occurrence of lung cancer in as Ni, Co, Bi, As and Ra, which renders the air highly radio bestos workers (12 cases to date) must be studied further. active; As is a known cancerigenic agent and Ra is often Chromate workers are in specific danger of lung cancer. considered one. Carcinoma can be produced experimen The question of the harmful effects of tar and the action of tally with K arsenide. (6) Those who work with chro tobacco smoke has not yet been fully investigated. In mates, especially with their purification, are also subject 6 England 14 cases of lung cancer and 16 of cancer of the ac to malignant growths of the lungs. The tumors particu cessory nasal cavities have been observed among workers larly considered in this work are those found in workers on Ni ores. The action of Ra emanation is the cause of engaged in the prepn. of CuSO, and in Ni refining. The lung cancer in the miners of Joachimsthal and Schneeberg. ore contains Cu, Ni, Co, S and noble metals of the Pt Prophylactic measures are briefly discussed. Ruth Berggren group. TheC uisextd. with HsSO<contg. As. The metal lic residues which contain Cu and up to 4% As are ground Chromate lung cancer. \V. Alwens and W. Jonas. and calcined. The dust contains Cu arsenide which is Ada Unio Intern, contra Cancrum (Paris) 3, 103(1938); continuously inhaled. The air also contains definite amts, Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Unfallverhiit. 27, 32(1940).--A report of SOi and SOi. The tumors in these workers were ail in 7 on recently established cases of lung cancer in chromate the ethmoid region. Only 1 case of carcinoma of the naso workers, most of whom had long since left the industry. pharynx and none of the larynx were found. The age of The latency period was very long (about 30 years). Chem. the patients, the period of exposure to the danger and the investigation revealed a distinct storage of chromates in av. age at death were similar to those in the Schneeberg the lung tissue. The chronic injury of the nasopharynx lung carcinoma and in cancer of the bladder in workers on (almost all had perforations of the septum) through the aniline dyes. Suitable changes with the elimination of As continuous irritation of the chromates and other industrial were undertaken; it is assumed that these diseases will products was a particularly marked factor. The hilus disappear in the future. Ruth Berggren 8 glands were always enlarged. Prophylaxis is of prime im Occupational lung cancer. L. Teleky. Acta Unio portance in the control of chromate lung cancer. j Intern, contra Cancrum (Paris) 3, 253(1938); Zentr. Gewer- Ruth Berggren j behyg. Unfallverhiit. 27, 33(1940).--A very detailed and Chemistry in national defense. Edward R. Weidlein. : crit. work on occupational injuries which can lead to lung News Ed. (Am. Chem. Soc.) 19, 453-6(1941).--National j carcinoma. Diagnosis has changed during the last dec problems and the program of the Chemicals, Drugs and i ades: silicosis is found today where formerly pulmonary Allied Products Section of the Office of Production Man tuberculosis would have been the diagnosis; approx, agement are presented. Defense calls for trained men in three-fourths of the miners in Joachimsthal now die of lung the chem. industries and in universities, so they should cancer where earlier, the existence of lung cancer was de 9 not be withdrawn from their present positions except when nied. Scepticism is urged concerning the assertion that such action is necessary for chem. work in the military lung cancer is increasing. A crit. evaluation of numerous service. Civilian as well as military needs are given con studies on silicosis and cancer reveals no frequent coinci sideration, but the latter take precedence. Problems con dence of lung cancer and severe pneumoconiosis; i. e., fronting us now are minor as compared with conditions in there is no evidence that pneumoconiosis predisposes to 1917. Cooperation with the Army and Navy Munitions lung cancer. Although it is theoretically possible that Boards, Council of National Defense, the Office of Admin cancer can develop from the scar produced by dust indura istrator of Export Control and the Office of Production tion in the bronchial mucous membrane, there is no prnc- Management is stressed. As illustrations of the work done