Document wD6xz3NymZxvZaDKnwaxR4vbQ

976.931, Coke Oven and Door therefor. 976.932, Car Construction. 976.933, Apparatus for Draining Gas-pipes. 976.934, Coke Oven Discharging Apparatus. 976.93s, Coke Oven and Door therefor. From 1895 up to the present time plants were installed as follows: Testing Materials, Technischer Verein von New York, Verein Deutscher Chemiker, American Association for Advancement of Science, American Chemical Society, National Association of German American Technologists, Deutsche Beleuchtungstechnische Gesellschaft, American Institute of Chemical Engi neers, Inventors'- Guild, Engineers' Club, Chemists' Club, Deutsches Verein, Whitehall Club, Englewood Club, Germanistic Co mp an y ! INSTALLMENTS Lo c at io n Ov en s Cambria Steel Co........................... ........ 1st Cambria Steel Co........................... Cambria Steel Co........................... Johnstown. Pa. Johnstown, Pa. Johnstown. Pa. 60 100 v 100 Cambria Steel Co............................ ........ Pitts. Gas & Coke Co..................... New Bng. G. & C. Co.................... Dominion 1. St S. Co...................... 4th . Johnstown, Pa. Glassport, Pa. Everett, Mass. Sydney, N. S. 112 120 400 400 Dominion I. St S. Co...................... Sydney, N. S. 120 Hamilton Otto C. Co..................... Hamilton Otto C. Co................... Hamilton, Ohio Hamilton. Ohio 50 50 Lackawanna Steel Co.................... Lebanon. Pa. 232 . Lackawanna Steel Co........ ............. Buffalo, N. Y. 564 S. Jersey Gas. EL & Traction Co.. Camden, N. J. 100 S. Jefsey Gas, EL & Traction Co.. Maryland Steel Co.......................... Michigan Alkali Co......................... Michigan Alkali Co....................... Camden, N. J. Sparrow's Pt., Md. Wyandotte, Mich. Wyandotte, Mich. 50 200 15 15 Sharon Coke Co. ...................... Zenith Furfiace Co....................... . . * . . *Citixens Gas Co............................... Northwestern I. Co......................... S. Sharon, Pa. Dnlttth, Mina. ^Indianapolis. Ind* MayviHe, Wia 212 50 50 3d Us b or Co e s Blast Furnace * Blast Furnace Blast Furnace Blast Furnace Blast Sc Domestic Domestic Sc Locomotive Blast Furnace Blast Furnace Foundry & Domestic Foandry & Domestic Blast Furnace Blast Furnace Foundry St Domestic Foundry Jt Domestic Blast Furnace t .h h f yiiwf T.HW glllM Blast Furnace . Blest Furnace Metallurgy A Domestic Blast Furnace Us e o p Su r pl u s Gas Fuel Sc Power Fuel 8c Power Fuel Sc Power Fuel & Power Illuminating Sc Fuel Illuminating Sc Fuel Fuel Fuel Illuminating 8c Power Illuminating & Power Fuel Fuel Iliummating Sc Power Illuminating Sc Power Illuminating Fad Fuel Fuel TUmvtrunting Dr. Schniewind's latest patents bearing upon a large vertical oven had not, at the time of his death, been carried out in actual practice. The important considerations in connection with, this patent are the possibility of coking a larger tonnage of coat at a single charge, and the possible adaptation of this oven for gasifying coals which do not cake, this being accomplished by the bottom discharge.. Dr. Schniewind was a member of the following societies: American Gas Institute, Deutscher Verein fuer Gas tt. Wasserfachmaenner. National Commercial Gas Association, Ulusn^ nadng Engineering Society, Franklin Institute, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Deutsche Chemisette Gesellschaft, Verein Deutscher Eisenhuettenleute, Society of Chemical Industry, Society, American Forestry Association, American Museum of Natural-History, New York Zoological Society, National Geo. graphical Society, Weinliermer Alter Herren Vereinigung, Deutsche Gesellschaft far Stadt New York. To- those whose privilege it was to know him personally. Dr: Schhiewiad's untimely death brings a deep sense of loss. No one could become acquainted with him without learning to ad mire the breadth, generosity and sincere kindliness of his nature. His charities to his less fortunate compatriots were incessant. EQs wbde did much for the progress of the coke and gas indus tries and if spared he would have done much more. He is survived fay a wife and two sons. T. J. Pa r k er . NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE LEAD POISOHIHG Editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry:'. I wish to say a few words regarding the sensational statements t have appeared lately in the press concerning the poisonous ^effects of white lead on workmen. It is very true that lead in jected or absorbed in any form into the system produces plumbism, but the matter ia not as serious as sensational newspaper writer* have made it- All this talk about putty powder poi- men in glass polishing factories is practically untrue, ' putty powder happens to be tin oxide or a mixture of tin : and precipitated barium sulfate. The use of lead comin the preparation of wall papers is just as ridiculous as the arsenical poisoning which was supposed to have injured so many operatives who used green pigments for printing wall paper designs. It turned out--of course, afterwards--that the green pigments were chrome pigments, and the percentage of arsenic contained in the aniline dyes was so minute that even if they had dusted off it is a question whether they would have dome any harm, far the pigments which are printed on wall paper are never released from their base. ' The precautions that are taken in the white lead factories fo. the United States are so great that the plumbism which re sults is due to a large extent to the carelessness of the workmen themselves. As far as my personal experience goes, it is the hardest thing in the world for us to educate illiterate workmen that they must wash their hands before they eat, and the State is now distributing circulars printed in various languages noti fying workmen that it is illegal for an employer or an employee to permit food to be consumed where these materials are manu factured. We are well aware that the transportation of high .explosives is exceedingly dangerous. There have been some frightful holocausts resulting from explosions in transit, and yet it is safe to say that any civilized country would go back untold and countless years if laws were enacted prohibiting the trans portation of explosives, for coal, metals and minerals would lie practically untouched in the ground; and the only safeguard is, that, knowing that the materials are necessary for the excava tion of the riches of the earth, due care should be taken in the transportation of explosives. Practically the same is true in the manufacture of any hazardous material, and therefore sen sational and irresponsible statements pertaining to the manu facture of any chemical, whether it be lead or nitroglycerine, are to be decried. . Ma x imil ia n To c h 320 Firm Avs. Ne w Yo r e N40017 :# Jk June, 1913 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY no tendency to go into solution in an electrolyte, and consequently would not rust when placed in contact with air .and water. Since passivity can be produced by widely different substances, he thinks^it notjmprobable that the "electrically equable" j s^rfgye^rodi^aea is not always of the same nature. V/]/1 /TOE USE OF CAST IRON BRIQUETTS IN GERMAN 1 s' FOUNDRIES Hugo Matz (Chem. Ztg., 37, No. 37, 375) considers that the introduction of the use of cast iron briquetts is an innovation which has had a revolutionary effect in the iron industry, since these briquetts have made it possible to produce castings of ' high grade without employing specially expensive pig iron. At first, there was considerable opposition in the trade to their use, but Matz states that this has now been overcome in the German foundries. Those foundries making a specialty of locomotive parts were the first to adopt the use of briquetts; extensive experiments have shown that steam cylinders manufactured by the addition of 15-30 per cent of briquett-chips to the castings, are of the same grade as those made from the special pig irons imported from England and Sweden. One great advantage derived from the use of the briquetts is a material reduction of carbon. According to analyses made in the laboratories of the SfLchsischen Metall-Brikettwerke, the composition of the briquetts is as follows; Silicon, 1.8 to 2.0 per cent; manganese, 0.6 to 0.8 per cent; sulfur, 0.10 to 0.13 per cent; and phosphorus, 0.7 to 0.9 per cent. THE BISULFITE PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF ZOIC The bisulfite process, as practised at the works of the British Metals Extraction Co., Ltd., at Llansamlet, Wales, is described in The Engineering and Mining Journal, 95, 792. The ore, after pulverization, is roasted in mechanical furnaces, the sulfur dioxide being conveyed from the roasting furnaces to the ex traction towers. The roasting is done very slowly,- 24 hours being required to finish a charge. The roasted ore is conveyed to the top of a specially designed tower where a weighed amount is mixed with a weighed amount of water, so as to form a thin pulp. This pulp descends through the tower, meeting the sulfur dioxide coming up. The agitation produced by the interior construction of the tower brings about such an intimate and effective contact of tire pulp with the sulfur dioxide that by the time -the pulp reaches the receiving tanks at the bottom of the tower nearly 90 per cent of the zinc has been extracted. The solution of zinc bisulfite is drawn off into an apparatus, wherein it is heated, precipitating zinc mono sulfite. The latter is calcined, yielding zinc oxide, which goes to spelter furnaces, the Villiers works having been purchased for smelting it. In that works spelter assaying 99.85 per cent zinc is produced; this spelter is said to bring about $20.00 per ton more than ordinary spelter. The extraction of zinc in the bisulfite process proper is said to be from 84 to 89 per cent in the case of the better roasted charges. In the treatment of ore containing 28 per cent zinc, the residue, which goes to the lead smelter, contains about 8.5 per cent zinc. THE TOXICITY OF LEAD PAINTS In 1911, Baly ( see Oil and Colour Trades J., May 6, 1911, 1518; Chem. Trade J., May 13, 1911) stated that "a definite volatile lead compound is given off in the drying of white lead paint. It appeared to be peculiar to basic carbonate of lead and to explain the prevalence of lead poisoning among painters." Later, Baly (J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 31, 515) again referred to the toxicity of white lead; he claimed that his experiments established the fact "that a poisonous volatile substance is given off paints made with white lead or red lead." Armstrong and-Klein (Idem, 32, 320), after a full consideration of the subject, conclude: 1. That the. vapors produced during the drying of white lead pastes and paints do not contain lead. 2. That the vapors given off as paints dry consist of turpen tine, for the most part, together with oxidation products of the oil, and that these latter are common to paints generally con taining oil so treated that it will dry. 3. That the oxidation products formed from the oil during drying are harmless under the conditions of practice, as shown by experiments upon animals. 4. That the toxic effects sometimes experienced from drying paints are to be ascribed to turpentine and that due allowance must be made for this in dealing with the hygienic phase of the problem. Their inquiry also shows that in many cases effects have been regarded as due to "lead poisoning" which are attrib utable to other causes, especially to turpentine. 5. The whole available evidence indicates that the dangers attending the use of lead compounds are only the well-known mechanical dangers. 6. There is no foundation for the importation of a new element of danger into the consideration of the question of paintsLead paints are to be objected to only on the ground that they may enter into the system through careless handling or in tineform of dust such as is produced by rubbing down old paint THE POTASH SITUATION IN AUSTRIA While it is hardly to be expected that the Austrian potash deposits, said to be the only ones of apparent importance out side of Germany, will be able to compete with those of the lattes country, either now or in the future, The Chemical Trade Journal, 53, 393, reports that there is every prospect that they will be exploited on an efficient scale in the near future. A combination has been organized for the purpose of working the potash meas ures in the Calicz district and abutting areas, and it is hoped to be able to supply this fertilizer to a large portion of Austria at reasonable prices and at the same time to pay a remunerative dividend. The concession on which the new combination will work is to extend over a period of fifty years, and the interests of the Austrian consumer have been protected by a special clause requiring that certain limits in sale prices shall not be exceeded' for domestic transactions. It is hoped, also, on behalf of the inland consumers, that the Austrian Government may be induced to impose a high export tariff on goods sold outside the country, the object being to reduce the price to consumers to a lower level even than the limit beyond which the exploiters may not invoice their goods. It has required a long time to effect this combination; but considerable political difficulties had to be overcome in respect to the Government's monopoly claim, which extends to the salt deposits of the country, in close association with which the potash deposits are found. This can, it is said, be got over by certain conditions attaching to the sale of the salt produced along with the potash. This will be the first commercial test of the value of the Austrian potash reserves. WASTE SULFITE LIQUOR AS A FERTILIZER The fact that waste sulfite liquor contains a large amount of organic matter and certain chemical compounds of value as plant foods has led, at various times, to experimental investi gations as to its employment in agriculture! According to Paper, May 7, 1913, the subject has recently received full con sideration in Germany. A contributor to Fuhling's landwirthschaftliche Zeitung, 1913, No. 4, found that a cellulose mill of medium capacity, producing 500 cubic meters of waste liquor daily, was discharging 50,000 to 60,000 kilograms of organic matter in a dissolved state into a stream, to its manifest detri ment, particularly in the summer. After giving the matter N40017.01 /