Document w2eKOMj7xDpyz3mqvjq83MK3

Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1939 Since the enthalpy is nearly constant along a wet-bulb temperature line in any air-water vapor mixture, it may be found, approximately, when the wet-bulb temperature is known by using the temperature in Table 6 as wet-bulb temperatures and reading the corresponding enthalpy from the last column, provided the barometric pressure is 29.92 in Hg. ENERGY EQUATION . An energy equation can be written that applies, in general, to various air conditioning processes, and this equation can be used to determine the quantity of heat transferred during such processes. In the most general form, this equation may be explained with the aid of Fig. 1 as follows: lb. Water Vapor 1 lb. Dry Air Fig. 1. Diagram Illustrating Energy Equation 15 The rectangle may represent any apparatus, e.g., a drier, humidifier, dehumidifier, cooling tower, or the like, by proper choice of the direction of the arrows. In general, a mixture of air and water vapor, such as atmospheric air, enters the apparatus at 1 and leaves at 3. Water is supplied at some temperature, 1*. For the flow of 1 lb of dry air (with accompanying vapor) through the apparatus, provided there is no appreciable change in the elevation or velocity of the fluids and no mechanical energy delivered to or by the apparatus, hi + Eh +, (W, - Wi) h, = h, + Rc or Eh - Rc = h, - hi - (IF, - Wi) hi (15) where \ Eh = the quantity of heat supplied per pound of dry air, Btu. Rc = the quantity of heat lost externally by heat transfer from the apparatus, Btu per pound of dry air. Wi = the weight of water vapor entering, per pound of dry. air. Wi = the weight of water vapor leaving, per pound of dry air. A, = the enthalpy of the water supplied at h, Btu per pound. ht -- hi = the increase in the enthalpy of the air-water vapor mixture in passing through the apparatus, Btu per pound of dry air = 0.24 (t, - /,) + W, (1059.2 + 0.45 h) - W, (1059.2 + 0.451,) The net quantity of heat added to or removed from air-water vapor mixtures in air conditioning work is'frequently approximated by taking the differences in total heat at exit and entrance. 24 Chapter 1. Air, Water and Steam For example, in Fig. 1, an approximate result is: Eh -- Rc K 2* -- 2, (16) From the definitions of total heat and enthalpy, it may be demon strated that Equation 16 is exactly equivalent to Equation 15, when, and only when, t't = t\ -- k; i.e., when the initial and final wet-bulb tempera tures and the temperature of the water supplied are equal. The one pro cess that meets these conditions is adiabatic saturation, and either equation will give a result of zero; for other conditions, Equation 16 is approximate but satisfactory for many calculations. The following problems illustrate the application of these principles: Example 6. Healing (data from Example 2). Assuming the water to be supplied at 50 F, the net quantity of heat supplied is, from Equation 15, From Equation 15, Eh -- Rc = hi -- hi -- (W, - Wi) (50 - 32) h, = (0.24 X 70) + [0.00618 (1059.2 + 0.45 X 70)] = 23.54 Btu per pound leaving dry air hi = (0.24 X 0) + [0.000548 (1059.2 + 0.45 X 0)] = 0.58 Btu per pound entering dry air Eh - Rc = 23.54 - 0.58 - [0.005632 (50 - 32)] = 22.86 Btu per pound dry air, net heat supplied Example 7. Cooling (data from Example 3). If the condensate is removed at 54 F the quantity of heat removed is found from Equation 15, by proper regard to the arrow direction in Fig. 1, From Equation 15, Eh + Rc = hi -- hi -- {Wi -- Wi) (54 - 32) hi = (0.24 X 84) + [0.01248 (1059.2 + 0.45 X 84)] = 33.85 Btu per pound entering dry air h3 = (0.24 X 54) + [0.00887 (1059.2 + 0.45 X 54)] = 22.57 Btu per pound leaving dry air Eh + Rc = 33.85 - 22.57 - [(0.00361 (54 - 32)] = 11.20 Btu per pound dry air, net heat removed Using Table 6, the initial enthalpy of the air-vapor mixture, since the wet-bulb temperature is 70 F, is 33.96 Btu per pound of dry air. The final enthalpy is, from Table 6, since the exit air is saturated, 22.55 Btu per pound. Hence, using Equation 16, the quantity of heat removed is, approximately, (33.96 -- 22.55) or 11.41 Btu per pound of dry air. The degree of approximation to the correct result is evident in this example. PSYCHROMETRIC CHART Many types of charts which give graphical solutions of the psychrometric equations and other useful data have been devised. One of these, the revised Bulkeley Psychrometric Chart6, will be found attached to the inside back cover. It shows graphically the relationship expressed in Equations 9a and 9b. It also gives the grains of moisture per pound of dry air for saturation, the grains of moisture per cubic foot of saturated air, the total heat in Btu per pound of dry air saturated with moisture, and the weight of the dp' air in pounds per cubic foot. Fig. 2 shows the procedure to follow in using the Bulkeley Chart. The directrix curves above the saturation line are as follows: Actions, Volke32yi920CDrO163>riCSi;'^r^f3 ,toth? Spart* in 1926. (See A.S.H.V.E. Trans- , ivzo, p. Single copy of the chart can be furnished at a cost of $ .25. 25