Document w1BVOKwd7woE8BaxxKaM71oD

FILE NAME: Flooring Defense Exhibits (FLDX) DATE: 1970 Apr DOC#: FLDX002 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article by Dr. Selikoff - Partnership for Prevention - The Insulation Industry Hygiene Research Program Notice.. ^ y copyinh* fav may Oitf, v *-'^ .ode) 162 OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE Partn jrship for Prevention- The Ins ilation Industry Hygiene Research Program Irving J. S' ikoff, M.D. * The nation's first cooperative effort by an international labor union, industry, medical science and government to conduct a preventive hygiene research program for insulation workers has been in productive operation for a year and a half. In the development of specific techniques and equipment to control and prevent exposure to dusts, as well as in the experience of cooperative support, the program will have application far beyond the insulation industry. It is an applied chievement of modern medical methods and ndustrial hygiene practices that it has been possible it the course of a relatively few years, to detect the long erm effects on workers of an important occupatio al health hazard, to identify major sources of this haz: d, and to take positive steps toward its reduction ind, we hope, eventual elimination. That th ; required the combined efforts of clinical and epidemio' gical medicine, the cooperation of an internatic al union and its 18,000 members, and the direct im lvement of a major industrial concern and its facilities r applied research should not be surprising. The Ins lation Industry Hygiene Research Program has three ma r goals: the prevention of dust formation; the control a d limitation of dusts that are unavoidable, and preventin inhalation of dust by those exposed to it. The avenues f approach toward these goals involve both human t ements -- changing work practices of the insulatini workmen - and technological elements - changing nethods of manufacturing and application of insulating materials. The pr gram has been functioning for somewhat over a year, a d it appears that the threshold of control has been crc sed. For example, we have developed a new type of aspirator intended specifically for use where Program ratory, f of New ' tThe Ad> Director School ( Hammoi New Y' Intemat AsbestoJohns-M sack, V Manville M.D. I Qevelan hrector, and Director, Environmental Sciences Labo mnt Sinai School of Medicine of the Q ty University >rk. ory Council membership is: Irving J. Selikoff, M.D., Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Mount Sinai Medicine (UHRP Director and Chairman); E. Cuyler t, Sc.D., Vice President, .American Cancer Society, k, N. Y.; Albert Hutchinson, General President, nal Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Workers, Washington, D.C; J.B. Jobe, Vice President, iville Corporation, New York, N.Y.; Fred L. Punde President, Research and Development, Johns'orporation. New York, N.Y., and George W. Wright, rector of Medical Research, St. Luke's Hospital, , Ohio. fibrous dust generation cannot be avoided. New types of containers for mixing asbestos cements are being used; insulating materials are being coated with a spray that keeps particles from shaking loose during transportation and handling. Prefabricated fittings have been developed that will preclude working with loose materials in tight places. New control methods are being tried for application of sprayed insulation materials on major construction projects. Better methods for collecting and disposing of dust-generating wastes are being tested. Prototype ventilating systems for power saws used in cutting insulating products are proving remarkably effective in preventing production of respirable dusis. JOINT PROGRAM BEGUN IN 1968 This joint enterprise enlisted the support of the Johns-Manville Corporation, a major producer of insulating materials; the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers, the Environmental Sciences Laboratory at Mount Sinai School of Medicine; and the Bureau of Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Public Health Service. Subsequently, the Sprayed Mineral Fiber Manufacrarers Association, Inc. added their participation. The cooperation of insulating contractors throughout the country and regional groups of contractors who are directly involved in all aspects of applying insulating materials, was freely given and appreciated. For coordination of the program and to assure continuing input of new concepts and new techniques, we established an Advisory Council with representatives of medicine, labor and industry --the elements directly concerned with the application of preventive measures and with their widespread adoption throughout the insulating and related industries.! While today we can check off the progress already made toward solving some of the occupational health INDUS R IA L MEDICINE, VOL. 39, NO. 4, A P R IL 1970 21 163 programs and :an look ahead with confidence that further strides 'ill be made, it is instructive to review the events lead g to the identification of the hazard and to consider wh recognition and corrective action was taken only rect tly. The lessons learned may be applied to other indust: al situations. It is too eas} to indulge in what might be called the demonological leory of industrial hygiene history. One version woulc place the responsibility for early identification risk and its correction upon industry and then indie it for trading human health for profits. Similarly, the ( her side of this counterfeit coin puts the blame on or mized labor for having been more interested in p miium pay for hazardous work than in liminating kn wn hazards. Both conclusions are too convenient am are essentially erroneous. It is much nearer the tru t to say that both industry and labor shared in ignoi nee and neglect of the problem. Science and medicine ire also at fault here for inadequate attention to en ronmental and occupational health. In retrospec however, it is possible to see why recognition wa so long in coming. We now know that it may take 20 t( 50 or more years from onset of exposure before the efi cts of this particular hazard begin to manifest them Ives in the morbidity and mortality of the workers. In the asbes >s mining and manufacturing industry, the risk of hea / exposure to the occupational dusts had been recogniz 1 for some years. And this primary industry has u derstood the need to install ventilation systems and c ter dust control devices to reduce the hazard. Experi ice had indicated that reduction of dust IRVING J. S E L IK O F F levels and exposures could result in greatly improved health experience among asbestos factory workers. But the extrapolation of that experience to another classification of workers -- specifically those who fabricate and install insulating materials --was a more sophisticated task for clinical medicine and epidemiology. An immediate problem is that the insulating workers are not a centralized homogeneous group that can be studied at once, but are composed of units of small numbers that do not immediately exhibit conspicous definable trends or patterns of health. For example, the 18,000 unionized insulation workers in this country are dispersed among some 850 employers --an average of 17 workers per employer, with only one-sixth having more than 20 employees regularly. The unions are organized by locals and only two of these locals have as many as 700 members each. Further difficulties were imposed by the fact that 30 or 40 years after an insulation worker had been first exposed, he frequently was retired and no longer easily traceable. With the full cooperation of the New York area locals of the Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers Union, my associates and I set up in 1962 a program to compile the work history and health records of the 632 men who were members of the union on January 1, 1943. Each of these men was traced through 1962. Among these men with exposure of at least 20 years to asbestos and other insulating dusts, there were 255 deaths, 52 more than the expected number based on comparable U.S. mortality figures. Analysis of causes of death revealed 12 due to asbestosis, 42 deaths attributed FIGURE 1. Members of the Advisory Council of the Insulation Industry Hygiene Research Program joined a team of industrial hygienists on a construction site field trip to observe environmental conditions of insulation workers. From right. Dr. Irving J. Selikoff, Program Director, Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond, Vice President, American Cancer Society, Dr. Fred L. Pundsack, Vice President, Research and Development, Johns-Manville Corporation. 22 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. V O L. 39. NO. 4. A PRIL 197C pa rt; ersh ip fo r pr ev en tio n 164 to lung incer, and four from mesothelioma, a malignant tumor i rely reported among the general population.1 S UDY SHOWS HIGH RISK OF DISEASE Here e had, then, the first solid evidence that these insulati i workers were experiencing exposures to dust inhalati rr in the basic asbestos industry. Our continuing study c the work and health records of this group of union i embers confirms the higher risk of respiratory disease nd cancer for the insulating workers than exists among ie general population. * There were 632 members of the New York area locals of the sbestos insulating workers' union on Dec. 31, 1942. by Dec. 31, 1968, 300 were dead from various causes, including 30 from asbestosis, 72 from lung cancer, nd 22 from mesothelioma.2 Apan from the occupational hazard, a most significant relatior hip between lung cancer and the combination of cigarett smoking and insulating work has been revealed. This p. ticular phase of the study started in January 1963 v en 370 men of the original 632 were still alive. By No ember 1, 1969, 36 cases of lung cancer had develo] d. The group of 283 cigarette smokers contrifc ted all but one of the lung cancer cases. This finding suggests that among these workers who smoke cigareti s, the risk of dying of bronchogenic carcinoma is 92 ti es that of men who neither smoke cigarettes nor work i the insulating industry.3 Here obviously is a preven /e problem involving the personal habits rather than th work habits of a large group of workmen. Conf >nted with the evidence of job exposure to asbestc and other dust hazards, the first urgent task was to seek to identify the sources of exposure. It is known that a rge proportion --something over 50% --of the asbestc used in this country for the past 40 years has gone i to the construction industry in one form or anothe It is fortunate that the greatest part of this has been ii products in which the asbestos is "locked in" - that is it is bound with cement or plastics or other binder o that there is no release, certainly no significant FIGUR 2. Insulating workers, members of the Asbestos Worker Union, test prototype dust masks for efficiency and comfoi on Illinois job site. Each of these masks incorporates slight d sign differences. FIGURE 3. A proposed method to eliminate a major source of dust at construction sites has been the development of a plastic mixing bag for asbestos cement. Bags are partly filled with dry cement at the factory. Water is added on the job through a valve at the top of the bag which accomodates the nozzle of a hose, and the result is mixed up in the bag. release, of asbestos fiber in either working areas or general air. Such products as floor tiles, roofing felts, asbestos cement products, siding material, and the like contain the locked-in fibers. Attention therefore was turned to those insulating products which were capable of generating dusts on the job -- through handling, sawing, fabricating, applying, mixing, as with loose asbestos cement, spraying, and waste disposal. Examination of these activities, where there was obviously generation of dusts, quickly taught us :hat we were to be concerned with what happens at three levels of exposure: first, the insulating worker who is most directly and intimately subject to dust exposure; secondly, other construction workers who may be working in the vicinity of dust generation or who may be called upon from time to time to come into intimate contact with insulating materials: and third, the nearby ambient air which, under many circumstances, will certainly receive the drift of dusts and fibers from insulating activities. Our primary concern, of course, is with the insulation worker, not only because we have established the risk for him but because if his exposure is brought under control, then the other problems will be resolved automatically. There is some evidence of increased respiratory disease risk for other construction workers, although we do not know its extent or whether this is because of direct contact with the material or indirect INDI TRIAL MEDICINE, VOL. 39, NO. 4, A P R IL 1970 23 165 IRVING J. S E L IK O F F FIGURE 4. Spri for fire-proofing mineral dust in behind tarpaulin Center building i ing of girders and spandrels with mineral fibers can be conducted with reduced release of > the air through containing the operation overs, as shown here on the new World Trade New York City. exposure in tl vicinity of insulating work. And while there is at pret nt no evidence of community risk from asbestos fibers in the ambient air, it is only prudent, especially witl our concern for reducing general air pollution, th; job-generated dusts and fibers be prevented fron drifting into the community air. Much of tl technology for dust prevention and control was c veloped and used in many mines and plants; the tec nique for adapting these to the particular jobs and job- tes of insulation workers continues to present challe i;es. We are currently required to work toward these related goals simultaneously -- the prevention of lust inhalation by workers who are now exposed, the imitation of dusts that are presently unavoidable, id ultimately, the prevention of dust formation. SAFE 1 EACTICES BEING DEVELOPED Immediate rotection against dust inhalation was among the n >re urgent problems. Although various respirators am dust masks had long been provided for those working in heavy concentrations of asbestos and other dusts, ' e found in actual practice only 4% of FIGURE 5. An inside view of the spraying of ceiling joists with mineral fiber al the World Trade Center Building. The spray area is sealed from other work areas at the elevator shafts as well as at the windows. The operator wears a respirator. union members surveyed said they always used a mask on a dusty job and almost 30% said they never used such protection. We immediately turned our efforts toward developing a new type of respirator --one that would not only be effective against the fibers and dusts generated in insulating work but, more importantly, one that would meet the workers' requirements of comfort, convenience, and good vision. We have not yet achieved our goal, but we are perfecting a new type disposable mask that is specifically designed to meet the requirements of those who will wear it. The first field use tests in the spring of 1969 revealed some shortcomings that sent us back to the design laboratory. We are confident that the result will be a respirator that will be more acceptable to insulating workers and that may be adapted for many other occupations where breathing masks are required --but too seldom worn. As our colleague, Dr. Cuyler Hammond, has said, it is far better to have a mask that is 100% used, even if not fully effective, than one that is fully effective but never used! We are developing a mask that will be both effective and worn. What we aim to achieve is a working environment in FIGURE 6. A ewly-developed portable suction attachment for portable pow saws on construction site is nearly 100% effective in colie ing dust In the picture on the 1<ft, a section of asbestos pipe cot ing is being cut with the use f the suction attachment. The picture on the right shows the > st which would be released int< the air if the attachment was ot used. 24 IND USTRIAL MEDICINE, V O L . 39, NO. 4, A PR IL 1973 PARTNEF 3HIP FOR PREVENTION 166 which dusts ire so fully controlled that respirators may never be net ssary. One stumbling block has been that in installing in llation it is necessary to mix some asbestos cement on le job site. This is spread and applied to seal joints and t fill in comers where pre-fabricated material is not prac cal. Previous and present practices call for mixing this ombination of asbestos and cement or other binding ma rials in open troughs or mixing bins. Almost every step a this process generates some dusts --from the emptyi g of bags to the mixing of the material with water. At i esent, we are testing two different methods of packing in asbestos-cement mixture so that the water can be poi ed into the container and wetted down into the so-calli I "mud" without generating dust. We know that this rill work, and it is merely a matter of determinin practical sizes of containers, the best material ft the bags, and the most convenient means of applying t) ; water and mixing within the bags. Many in .llation fittings are manufactured at a plant, packed an shipped in containers that are opened at the job site. 1 was found that these fittings were shedding during th> handling, so that the containers themselves were emit ing dusts and the fittings continued to shed during 1 mdling. Industry research laboratories developed a method of spraying these fittings with a wax-like substance before packaging. This dust-supp rssing spray method, developed at the Johns-Ma rille Research and Engineering Center, prevents te dust from shaking loose and has, therefore, provided another means by which we prevent the generatio of dust --our ultimate objective. Althou i shaping and fabricating of insulating materials s sometimes done in shops that are fitted with special d st-collecting devices, there continues to be much in vidual sawing on the job site -- either with hand or >wer saws, which have not had dust collectors. We pose this problem to makers of portable power saws. Nt v there are pilot models of power saws with suction tachments that are nearly 100% efficient in dust pre' ntion. Even as these positive and constructive steps are being developed, we discover that new and difficult questions arise. Monitoring for dust counts still needs refinement -- and we do not actually know what the minimum necessary level is. Therefore, we seek to achieve as near zero generation as possible. Attention has been turned to the collection, transportation and disposal of construction wastes --which in New York City alone amounts to some 2,000 tons a day. The manufacturis and applicators of sprayed insulating materials are developing new methods and work practices to contain the dusts involved in this operation. Shipyards pose special problems that our technical people are studying. And there is still the practical problem of making sure that the new methods and techniques are adopted by employers and workers and applied to their daily procedures. Fortunately, we are getting excellent response from contractors and contracting groups, and the participation of union members is assured. Each union member contributed $10 to help support the program (it is thus his program!). A quarterly report of progress is published, and is sent to each union member, to contractors, other union groups, industrial hygienists, educators, physicians and other scientists, and government officials involved in occupational health activities. This partnership for research into prevention of the occupational health hazards of the insulating industry forged by labor, industry, science and government --has proved useful. It is possible that it will provide a key to similar partnerships in other industries where occupational health problems exist. REFERENCES 1 Selikoff 1J, Churg J, Hammond EC: Asbestos exposure and neoplasia. JAMA 188:22-26, 1964 2 Selikoff U, Hammond EC, Churg J: Mortality experiences of asbestos insulation workers. Proc I n ti Conf Pneumoconiosis, Johannesburg, 1969. In press 3 Selikoff U, Hammond EC, Churg J: .Asbestos exposure, smoking and neoplasia. JAMA 204(2): 106-112, 1968 Reprint requests: Industrial Medicine and Surgery, P.O. 3ox 546, Miami, Fla. 33156 1970 I.M.P.C., loe. IND: T R IA L MEDICINE, VOL. 39, NO. 4, A P R IL 1970 25 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY Subject Index Volume 39 Numbers 1-12 1970 abstra- ; Ed ation in Occupational Medicine in England; March, page 64 Sc nth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology; July, pa* 32. alcohc >m Re -urces for Helping the Problem Drinker; July, page 17. anesth da Ini tvenous Regional Anesthesia for Outpatient Operations on te Upper Extremity. William P. Graham III. XI.D.; May, pa* 37. annou Th by 1m An Su Lii Me 75 emenls shold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants Adopted CG1H for 1969; March, page 70. striai Disease Screening Workshop; March, page 78. ual Meeting Program - American Association of Railway ;ons; March, page 79. letter to Speak; August, page 69. cal Malpractice Seminar; October, page 19. Anniversary of X-Rays; October, page 16. an tibia ics Op mal Antibiotic Therapy in Cholera. C. K. Wallace et al. Ma h. page 42. behavi Psv En De Est Pn pai ral problems hiatric Rejects from Military Service and Their loyability in Civilian Life, Anita Stevens. XI.D. ; mber. page 46. blishing a Preventive Program to Identify Behavioral terns in Industry. W. Wayne Stewart. XI.D.: December, 41. cancet Th Prt Sn Ca Fe Ae Wc Wc Ra III Id Ch Wc Ra III Wc Ra C. Brt J. ( Impact of Modern Cytology upon Cancer Detection and intion in Industry. J. Ernest Ayre. XI.D.. Albert J. 1er, XI.D. and Helmut E. Fegerl, AID. : January, page 57. er and Exposure to Mineral Oils. H. G. Parkes. At.B.`. nary, page 5 1. >logy of Tumours of the Urinary Bladder, Xlargery J. Ph.D. ; February, page 55. d Maps of Cancer Mortality Rates and Frequency os - Part 1. Lucia J. Dunham. XI.D. and John C. Bailor J.D. ; February, page 62. itific a tio n o f B ladder Carcinogens by Paper matography. Souheil Laham, Ph.D. ; March, page 47. d Maps of Cancer Mortality Rates and Frequency os - Part II, Lucia J. Dunham. XI.D. and John C. Bailor if.D.; March, page 53. d Maps of Cancer Mortality Rates and Frequency os - Parts 111 and IV. Lucia J. Dunham, XI.D. and John tilar III, XI.D. : June, page 37. >t Cancer: Roles of Mammography and Thermography, rshon-Cohen. AI D. : August, page 19. cardio Ps\ Fn Di; Se| gy hosocial Factors in Coronary Heart Disease. John R. P. ch. Jr. and Robert D. Caplan : September, page 31. nosis of Coronary Heart Disease. Norman Xlakous. AID. ; ember, page 46. clinical practices The ABC's of Emergency Care of Serious Head Injuries in Industry, Wm. F. Bouzarth. M.D.: January, page 25. Periodic Executive Examinations. Francis .V. l.ohrenz. XI.D. and Frederick J. Wenzel. B.S. : March, page 62. The Use of Nitrofurazone Preparations in Industrial Practice, James Frenkil. AID. and Elliott R. Fishel. XI.D.; June, page 54. diagnosis Common Errors in the Diaenosis of Herniation of the Intervertebral Disk. Joseph .4. Epstein. XI.D.; November, page 47. Investigation of the Relation Between Low Back Pain and Occupation. Alexander Magora. AID. : November, page 31. Investigation of the Relation Between Low Back Pain and Occupation 2. Work History, Alexander Xlagora, AID.; December, page 28. drugs The Drug Problem and Industry, Frederick XI. Garfield; August, page 55. How Many New Employees are Drug Abusers? George P. Bisgeier, AID. ; August, page 58. Drug Abuse Among Union Members, Leo Perlis; September, page 54. Physician's Duty to Patient - to Company, David Joe Smith. AID.: September, page 57. The Determination of Drugs in Biological Specimens as an Employee Screening Procedure. Jack E. Wallace, Ph.D. and Sheldon L. Ladd. Ph.D. ; October, page 23. editorial "T" Sessions. W. Wayne Stewart. AID.: February, page 24. The In te rn a tio n a l Conference on Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis, It'. Wavne Stewart. AID. ; March, page 14. Joseph H. Skom, AID.; August, page 16. environmental health Arctic Tanker Medicine, William R. Clark. Jr.. XI.D. and C. Hunter Xlontgomery, AID. ; March, page 37. environmental medicine Protecting our Internal Environment, Julius XI. Coon. XI.D.; October, page 31. gerontology Unemployment and the Middle-Aged Worker; April, page 40. Canadian Pension Plans no Longer a Major Obstacle to the Employment of Older Workers, H. L. Douse; April, page 45. industrial health Department of Industrial Health. TATA Services Ltd., J*. V. Thacker, M.D. ; December, page 13. international digest CIS International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre; August, page 14. occupational health Cutting Fluids and Skin Disorders. Gerald A. Gellin. M.D.; February, page 38. Cutaneous Hazards of Lubricants. Geoffrey Hodgson, M.B. ; February, page 41. of the June, M.D.; niary, uary. NHO; uary, enth M.D.; v'HO; lions h.D. : mall the 27. D.; ver, Jr.. uid DA and aril, H. urn 11. of L iy. ,,in >y. ne m >. ; n. 1 Di 3rv Protein and Dieldrin Toxicity. G. S. Stoewsand. Ph E. J. Broderick, B.S. and J. B. Bourke. Ph.D.; August, pa : 45. Et cts of Acute and Chronic Exposure to DDT and of DI f-Drug interactions on Experimental Seizure Responses. Dt >thy E. Woolley. Ph.D. ; August, page 50. A leview of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods. Jo Tt Ra Wm. B. Deichmann, Ph.D.. W. E. MacDonald. Ph.D., E. Bit n. M.D.. M. Bevilacqua. M.D.. J. Radomski. M. Keplinger an< SI. Balkus: October, page 37. So ie Effects of Dietary Commercial DDT on Ehrlich Ascites Tu or Cells. Ernest M. Walker. Jr.. Ph.D., Richard H. Gadsden. Ph.D.. Loretta M. Atkins. B.A. and Glen R. Gale. Ph.D.: November, page 27. Report on the Seventh Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine; December, page 60. Long Term Studies on Body Reactivity of Workers in a Pesticide Plant, Marcus Wassermann. M.D.: December, page 35. " t" sessions Side Effects and Possible Dangers of Sensitivity Training. Jose J. Llinas. M.D. : February, page 74. Sensitivity Training Programs in Industry, Warren S. Wille. M.D. February, page 76. AUTHOR INDEX Amin Arnol. Atkin Ayre. A tanley E.. Apr.. 70 Louis B.. M.D.. Jan.. JO Loretta M., 8 .A.. Nov., 27 Ernest. M.D.. Jan.. S 7 B Bailar. II. John C., M.D.. Feb.. n2. Mar.. 53; Jui 37 Balkus M.. Oct.. 37 Barbo' s. M., M.D...Wav, AS Bell. A m. M.D.. Sept.. 10 Bevila> |ua, M.. M.D.. Oct., 37 Bilka, ml J., M.D.. Sept.. 50 Bisgeii George P., M.D.. Aug.. 58 Blum. ..O ct.. 37 Bond. I. B.. M.O.. May. 38 Bourk J. B., Ph.D.. Aug.. A5 Bouza h, William F.. M.D.. Jan., 55 Boyd. Idon M.. M.D.. May. 53 Brodei k. E. J.. B.S.. Aug.. AS c Caplar Chaud Clark. Cleary Collen Coon, Cueto, Cunnii Robert D.. Sept.. 31 on. Jacques. M.D.../a.. JO ..William R.. M.D.. Mar.. 37 Villiam M.. Mar.. JA .lorris F.. M.D.. Aug.. 57 ilius M.. M.D.. Oct.. 31 r. Cipriano. Ph.D.. ./a.. 55 ham. R. B., May. 53 D Datta. DeCast Deichn Oct Douse. Duffy. Dunhat Jun R., Ph.D.. Apr.. AO; Apr., 5A . Elvira S., May. 53 nn. William B., Ph.D.. May. AO: 37 ;. L.. Apr.. A5 >hn C..Jan., 35 Lucia J., M.D.. Feb.. 6 5; Mar., 53; 37 Epsteii Joseph A.. M.D..N ov.. A7 F Fazio, Fegerl Fishel. Fox, N Fragiai French Frenki homas. Oct.. Ah lelmut E., M.D.. Jan, 57 Iliotl R.. M.D.. June. 5A ver S.. June. I o kis. E.G., M.B.. .Vov.. A3 Jr.. John R. P.. Sept.. 31 lames. M.D.. June, 5A G Gabliks, Janis, Ph.D.. Aug.. 36 Gadsden, Richard H.. Ph.D.. .Vov. 57 Gale. Glen R., Ph.D.. Nov, 57 Garfield, Frederick M.. Aug.. 55 Gass. Gertrude Zemon. Ph.D.. April, 33 Geeraets. Walter J., M.D.. Oct.. 51 Gellin. Gerald A.. M.D.. Feb.. 38 Gershon-Cohen, J.. M.D.. Aug., 10 Gerstle. Walter J.. M.D.. Feb.. 85 Glover, John R., M.A., Jan., 50 Graham. III. William P.. M.D...Way. 37 Greenberg, Leo .June, 57 H Haessler. Herbert A.. M.D.. Aug., 54 Hale. Wayne K.. B.S.. Aug.. A0 Hanlon. John J.. Feb.. 78 Hartman. Blanche. A.B.. Aug.. AO Hill, E. C.. Feb.. A7 Hine, C. H.. M.D.. .Way, 30 Hodgson. Geoffrey. M.B.. Feb.. At Hoffman. Archie A.. M.D.. .Way, 33 Howard. John W,, Ph.D.. Oct., 46 J Jefferey. J. C.. May. 53 K Keplinger, M.. Oct., 37 N Naftulin. Donald F-, M.D., Apr., 26 Nelson. M. J., M.S.. Apr., 54 Nogueira, Diego Pupo, M.D..Tune. 53 P Parkes. H. G.. M.B.. Feb.. 51 Perlis. Leo, Sept.. 54 Pyle. Howard. Jan., 45 R Radomski. Jack L.. Ph.D.. May, 49: Oct.. 37 Raitcheva. V., M.D.. Aug., 34 Rappolt. Sr.. R. T.. M.D.. Aug., 40 Ryan, Charles S.. M.D.. Apr., 38 S Salmon. Billie May. Aug., 40 Schuster. Benjamin. M.D...Vov., 38 Selikoff. Irving J.. M.D.. Apr.. 51 Sherman. Reuel A.. D.D.S., Apr., 60 Skom. Joseph H.. Aug., 16 Smith. David Joe. M.D., Sept., 5 7 Smith. Thomas H. F., Feb.. 29 Snyder, Albert J.. M.D.. Jan., 57 Spindletop Research, Inc., Mar.. 19 Stanley. Edwin. M.D., Nov., 38 Stevens. Anita. M.D.. Dec.. 46 Stewart. W. Wayne, M.D.. Feb.. 54; Mar., 14; Apr., 38; Dec.. 41 Stoewsand. G. S.. Ph.D., Aug.. 45 Ladd. Sheldon L.. Ph.D.. Oct.. 53 Laham, Souheil, Jan.. 46; Mar., A 7; May 6 1 Lapidus. Paul W.. M.D.. Apr.. 30 La Rocca. Henry, M.D..June, 31 Llinas, Jose J., M.D., Feb., 74 Lohrenz. Francis N., M.D.. Mar.. 62 Lu, John. M.D., Apr.. 70 M Maas, Roger, M.D..Mar.. 29 MacDonald. W. E.. Oct., 37 Macnab, Ian. June. 31 Magora. Alexander, M.D.. Nov.. 31; Dec., rg Makous, Norman. M.D.. Sept.. 46 Maltby-Askari. Ellen. B.S.. Aug.. 36 Mankiker. N. S.. Aug., 30 Mengle. Donald. M.S.. Aug.. AO Montgomery. C. Hunter. M.D.. Mar.. 37 Thacker, P, V., M.D., Dec., 13 W Walker. Jr.. Ernest M., Ph.D.. Nov.. 27 Wallace, C. K., Mar.. 42 Wallace, Jack E., Ph.D., Oct., 23 Wasserberger, Jonathan. Aiay, 49 Wassermann. Marcus, M.D., Dec., 35 Wenzel, Frederick J.. B.S., Mar., 62 Wille. Warren S.. M.D.. Feb., 76 Wise, Robert A.. M.D., Dec.. 21 Wood. Margery. Ph.D., Feb.. 55 Woolley, Dorothy E., Ph.D., Aug., 50 z Ziatarev, O.. M.D., Aug.. 34 Zuidema, H. H.. Ph.D., May, Jo