Document vyLV13wg1mbMaJQdXOpNVzD5w

r ihol and ethyl at 25"C., 760 were published 7 hours/dav, 5 ere were some as 7 exposures, e same authors :d 7 hours/day, tors saw no illlanges observed ler high mortallinca pigs is bedoses as low as . but the animal 7dX fi'/t t//y/ . CHLQfaD-C. aliphatic iiat^ocknatkii m'nnocARnoN- 1303 Skin Irritation. Propylene dichloride on the open skin muse-: nnlv mild irri- hye Irritation. Propylene dieldonde rau>i> muiic p;iin :md irritation when splashed into the eye. It would not he expected to cause sennit or pennnneni injury. It should he washed out immediately with water. 4, Hygienic Standards of Permissible Exposure The threshold limit of propylene diehloride was established hy the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, in April, 1939, at 73 p.p.m. (330 mg./cu. meter.) 5. Flammability The flammable limits of propylene dichloride arc 3.4 to 14.3 per cent in air. The ignition temperature is 337 to 570'0. VINYL CHLORIDE, CB^CHCI (MotiacMoroethentf^f 1. Uses and Industrial Exposures I inyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate primarily as a monomer in plastic manufacture. The fire and explosion hazard is hy far the dominant prob lem in handling vinyl chloride. 2, Physical and Chemical Properties Physical state: gas Molecular weight: 62.5 Specific gravity: 0.9121 (20/4C.) Melting point: --153.71C. Boiling point: --13.8C. Vapor density: 2.15 (air = 1) Vapor pressure: 2580 mm. Hg (20C.) Solubility: slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol and ethyl ether Flashpoint: --78C. (opencup) 1 mg./liter o 391 p.p.m. and 1 p.p.m. 2.56 mg./cu. meter at 23C., 760 mm. Hg 3. Physiological Response Vinyl chloride appears to be a material of relatively low toxicity. The principal response seems to be one of central nervous system depression, which may result in symptoms of dizziness and disorientation that are somewhat similar to the re sponse from ethyl chloride exposure. There is the possibility of some lung irrita tion occurring from chronic exposure as some edema is observed in acute vapor SL 102132 1304 DON D. miSH exposure. Most investigators did not observe kidney or liver damage. One group ft authors indieated some hyperemia of the liver and kidneys from acute ex posure. It is coneluded that tlie material has essentially a narcotic effect, with some lung irritation and a possibility of organ injury. There lias been (piite extensive use nt this material in the chemical industry but no clinical reports of injury. Acute Vapor Exposure, Patty et al.um reported the response of guinea pigs to -ingle exposures to varying concentrations. The maximum time-concentrations :n air mr a single exposure survived by guinea pigs were as follows: 5 to 7 per cent for 1 hour and 2' p> per cent for 8 hours. The maximum time-concentration in air for a single exposure without serious disturbance was l1 - per cent for 1 hour and per cent for 8 hours. It will be noted that it requires a high concentration to eaii'e iloath. The same authors report that a concentration of 2! C per cent of vinyl chloride in the air for a period of 3 minutes will cause dizziness and disorientation in ex posed men. They also observed a faintly pleasant odor at this concentration. Animals that died from acute exposures showed edema of the lungs and hyperemia of the kidneys and liver. Men exposed to vinyl chloride detected a slight odor at 4100 p.p.m. This is the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected. At 6600 p.p.m. for V: hour, they noticed dizziness, sleepiness, and distinct odor. Vinyl chloride has been investigated as a possible material for anesthetic purposes by Peoples and Leake101 and by Oster et al.103 It was concluded that vinyl chloride was unsatisfactory for use as an anesthetic because of its circulatory and cardiac effects. These studies were at 10 to 20 vol. % and are hardly significant for industrial exposure. Chronic Vapor Exposure. Essentially no investigations have been published on the response to chronic vapor exposure. Schaumann83 exposed mice and rats and found that they tolerated a level sufficient for "light narcosis" for periods of 4 hours uailv tor 3 to 8 consecutive days or for 1 hour daily for 4 weeks without -bowing kidney or liver injury. Torkelson et al.w-a I to be published) report repeated exposures of animals for 7 hours day, 5 days/week. At 300 p.p.m., rats showed increased liver weight and mieropathology. At 200 and 100 p.p.m., rats showed increased liver weight, but no changes could be observed in dogs or guinea pigs. All species tolerated 50 p.p.m. lor 6 months. Repeated exposures for l hour/day at 200 or 100 p.p.m, were toler ated without observable effect. "Chemical Safety Data Sheet NO-W. Manufacturing Chemists Assoc., Washington, D. C.. 1954. F. A. Patty, VV. P. Yarn, and C. P. Waite, Public Health Repts. V. S., Reprint No. UOS, 45, No. 34 (Aug., 1930). "" S. A. Peoples and C. D, Leake, J. Phnrmneul. Exptl, Thernp., 48, 284 (1933). R. H. Oster, C. J. Carr, J. O. Frantz, and M. J. Sauenvald, Anesthesiology, 8, 358 (1947). ip X* ne ve ns nt ur ml to ide >x011. ,iia tic hat ary ant bed iml if 4 out for and ; no i.m. ilei- ) C.. \'i. . 3.W aliphatic halooexated HYDROCARBONS Skin, Tile boiling point of vinyl chloride is so low that if the liquid material were spilled on the skin, there is a possibility of severe cooling and possibly frost bite. Absorption, Excretion, and Metabolism. Very little is known of the metabo lism of this compound. It is apparently readily absorbed by the lungs and rapidly excreted by the lungs. The little information that is available would indicate that a large part is excreted by the lungs unchanged. 4. Hygienic Standards of Permittible Exposure The threshold limit of vinyl chloride was established by the American Con ference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, in April, 19.59, at 500 p.p.m. 11300 mg. / cu. meter). Torkelson et al.1"s" suggest 100 p.p.m. 5. FlammabilityTM The explosive limits of vinyl chloride are: lower. V/r and upper, 22(/< (by vol. in air). The autoignition temperature is 472.22C. 6. Odor and Warning Properties Vinyl chloride has a mild, sweetish odor. The odor is not an adequate warning property for excessive exposure. VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, CHj=CCl, (1,1-Dichloroethylene) 1. I'set antklndustrial Exposures Vinylideno chloride is used a.y'a chemical intermediate, particulu monomer in mie production of plastics. 2. Physical anttdjiemical Propertiet Physical state: clear colorless liquid Molecular weight: 96.85 Specific gravity: 1.2i8 (20t/40.) Freezing points -/l22.5C. Boiling point: 'SJ'.7C, Vapor density :/B .34 (air = 1) Vapor pressing: 591 mm. Hg (25C.) Refractive index: \1.427 (20C.) Per cent ill`"saturated" air; 78 Densitjyof ``saturateo,'- air: 2.8 (air = 1) Solubility: insolublein water; soluble in organ! Flash point: -- 15CC. k>pen cup) 1 mg. liter 2.52 p,p.i\. and 1 p.p.m. C= 3 mm. llg T. It. Tui'kel.vju, V. O.u.11, aVl \ K. Itowe. Am. lnd. Ityj. A*--uc. 2.5 7150 22, 331 U%H ii j-M SL 102134