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Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL OCTOBER, 1968 (VoL 32, No. 10) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION iI S231 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 13232 01 132 3835 1. -1. *w -V V mw5*WC$ * - ' 'W *'? - '/&. >'.x,i ; `3*1 .1,; v/.&& W? 3&r j ** sT_. ..43 * t U i> 5 */'' . -V' *': .. ,.; . Otwlghaititirolurl foHry"a^itMftiliPiwrnKl n *-- :j%* ' -r^"* r#*P**ibl.llfir--,for* ihsito'otm*iii fn tin<r.t-- ifiitn?nr;affaFi.lm;rfi*tM , /' ^m,*;..*>-t ' *-.. .- ... ' .-. . - mmmtnrrr^^r "rffn~ni,v b r** poSJTSJi^sr ^ - -v .,:> ." .--v^-. - 1 ; , <* - t i. u 'l .-. > ... 01 132 3836 . ,-, . . v. - FOUNDATION FACTS NW_MEN1BRS^ IHF welcomes DL Skin Care Products. Inc. into membership. MEETINGS: The importance of sound scientific management of environmental and occupational health problems was emphasized m papers presented by outstanding speakers in the fields of industrial hygiene, law. rehabilitation, industrial engineering, mental health research and indus trial medicine at the Foundation's 33RD ANNUAL MEETING held October 13*16. l?68 at Chat ham Center. Pittsburgh. Pa. Transactions of the meeting will be published early in 136?. At the ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF MEMBERS October 15. the new Bv- Laws. voted upon and accepted by the Board of Trustees at their May 3 meeting, were ratified by the membership. Consistent with the new By-Laws. Trustees were elected for a one. two or three vear term to effect a Trustee rotation plan. New members elected to the Board are: Walter P. Cartun. Westinghouse Air Brake Division, Westinghouse Air Brake Company: R. Verne Righter General Motors Corporation; and William L. Sutton: M. D. . Eastman Kodak Company. Officers elected at the October 15 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING are:. Chairman: G. Arthur Webb, Ph. D. Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Mellon University Vice Chairmen: Past Chairman: Miles O. Colwell. M. D. E. K. Davison Aluminum Company of America Davison Sand and Gravel Company Andrew Kalmykow Secretary: American Insurance Association H. H. Schrenk. Ph. D. Treasurer: Edward R. Weidlein. Jr. Union Carbide Corporation President: Executive Vice President: Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D. Harry M. Bowman STAFF ACTIVITIES: Dr. deTreville attended the AMA Congress on Occupational Health. September 30-October 1 in New York. Drs. deTreville and B. J. Lambiotte (IHF Resident in Occupational Medicine) completed epidemiological field studies in the Newark plant of OwensCornmg Fiberglas Corporation to which Dr. Jon L. Konsen. Medical Director of OCF. referred in his talk at the 33rd Annual Meeting, and participated in orientation meetings for the Licking County Medical Society. Dr. deTreville and Roger Wolfe ( independent film and television pro ducer in Pittsburgh for Post Graduate Medical Television Teaching Programs) conducted a dialogue on IHF as a presentation before the Oakland Rotary Club on October 31 in preparation for a post graduate closed circuit medical television program. IHF FELLOWSHIP GRANT; A grant of $8. 000 was awarded to the University of California. Berkeley by the Foundation to help support research in the Division of Environmental Health Sciences. School of Public Health, which deals with electron microscopic observations on the behavior of fibrous particles in filter media. IHF ADVISORY FELLOW; Retiring Truata* Dr. James H. Sterner. Chairman of the Depart ment of Environmental Health. School of Public Health. University of Texas, has agreed to serve as an Advisory Felloes to assist IHF programs of biostatistical and epidemiological research. Formerly Medical Director of Eastman Kodak Company. Dr. Sterner was elected to the Founda tion's Board of Trustees in 1966 and his biosketch appeared in the Industrial Hygiene Digest in November 1964. FOREIGN VISITOR; Dr. Francisco Briggs Pecanha Medical Director of Eseo Brasil, an affiliate of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, visited Dr. Paul Gross. Director of IHF Research Laboratory, and Dr. deTreville on October 30. FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR; A highly technical research seminar on the bioeffects of asbestos and certain other fibrous dusts sponsored by IHF and Mellon Institute will be held November ii 01 132 3837at Mellon Institute (see Editorial, p. i. this issue). REPRINTS AVAILABLE: "Symptomatic Alveolar Mural Sclerosis." Paul Gross and Patrick J Clancy. Arch. Environ. Health 16:728-733. May 1968. "Ferruginous Bodies in Human Lungs Prevalence at Random Autopsies. " Michael j^, Utidjian. Paul Gross, and Robert T. P- deTreville Arch. Environ. Health 17:327-333.. Sept/ "Alveolar Proteinosis: Its Experimental Produc tion in Rodents." Paul Gross and Robert T. P. deTreville. Arch. Path. 86:259-261. Sept. i?'.8 PUBLICATIONS: The Third iiunrtorly. Report-- 1968 is attached to this issue of Industrial Hygiene Digest. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FEATURES Short term treatment of acuta burattia of tha ahoulder la diacueaed in Abat. No. 933. Abat. No. 936 raviewa tha natural hi * tory of tubarculoaia in tha human body. Abat. No. 938 ia concarnad with occuparlon, education, and coronary heart diaaaaa. Abat. No. 939 inveatigataa tha effect of licorice on hypartanaion. Cigarette amoking during pregnancy ia diacuaaed in Abat. No. 950. Pulmonary complicationa of tha burn patiant are atudled in Abat. No. 962. Abat. No. 965reporteon nickel earlobe dermatitia. Information on myocardial toxicity from carbon monoxide poiaoning ia given in Abat. No. 968. Tha affect of araanic on inflammation ia daacrlbad in Abat. No. 996. Abat. No. 989 praaanta tha experimen tal production of alveolar protainoala ia rodeata. TABLE OF CONTENTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 912-1020 EDITORIAL Paae 3rd Ftbroua Duat Seminar..................................... Flbroue Duat Seminar Program................................ Thraahold Limit Valuoa for 1968................................ Nawa Itama......................................................................... ................................................................ 1 Coming Eveata..................................................................... ................................................................ 3 Legal Development....................................................... ................................................................ 4 Booka, Pamphleta and Notlcoa..................................... ................................................................ 5 Induetrial Medical Practice.......................................... Chemical Haaarda............................................................ Induetrial Duata ................................................................ ................................................................ Phyaiaal Repeat of tha Enviroamant....................... Environmanlnl Moaauremaata..................................... ................................................................ Preventive Engineering................................................... ................................................................ Community Air Hygiene................................................... ................................................................ Accideate and Prevantiea.............................................. ;> Index ....................................................................................... ................................................................ Addreeaea at Jeuraale Abetaacted . ....................... ................................................................ :* 21 24 25 26 30 33 01 132 3838 Industrial Hrsiene Dieest October. 1968 EDITORIA L 3rd FIBROUS OUST SEMINAR In Che put six years, since coming to the Foundation, no single environmental health problem has consumed as much attention on the part of the Foundation as has the question of adverse health effects of asbestos and certain non-asbestos fibrous dusts. Asbestos shares with silica the ability to produce fibrosis in experimental animals and in man on a similar dose/time exposure basis; but it also has been shown to increase by a factor of about ten times the likelihood of lung cancer in asbestos exposed textile and Insulation workers. In addition pleural mesotheliomas have been reported in individuals whose exposure to asbestos has not been occupational, in whom asbestosls has not been found, and in whom the average exposure time has tended to be longer than that required to produce fibrosis and/or lung cancer in workers exposed to hazardous concentrations. Progress in research planning in Industrial Hygiene Foundation, the United States Public Health Service, and Quebec Asbestos Mining Association was reviewed in the Foundation's Medical Series Bulletin No. 11 in 1967 and in an editorial earlier this year (Industrial Hygiene Digest, May, 1968). Under separate cover official representatives of Foundation members have been advised of the program of file Foundation's 3rd Fibrous Dust Seminar, to be held November ZZ at Mellon Institute. Researchers from the Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Melion University, the Depart ment of Occupational Health of the University of PlttsburghOraduate School of Publtc Health, the Unive r sit y of California at Berkley and theUnited States Public Health Service in conjunction with several invited scientists from other countries, will review preliminary research findings and evaluate their signifi cance la order to be in position to apply what is already known to the best practical advantage and to help direct future research efforts. Significant findings will be presented later in appropriate publications. While only e few Foundation members mine or manufacture asbestos, control of recognized asbestos hazards associated with industrial operations, products and wastes must be of general concern to industry. Those desiring to attend this Industrial Hygiene Foundation meeting should contact their company's official IHF tlaison representative for further Information. (See Fibrous Dust Seminar Program on p. ii, this issue). --R- T. P. del Industrial Hygiene Digest ' FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR October. 19fcg sponsored by INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION / MELLON INSTITUTE November 22. 1968 Conference Room. Mellon Institute 9:00 a.m. WELCOME Robert T. P. deTreviile. M. D.. President. IHF, end G. A. Webb, Ph. D.. Associate Director, M.I.-CMU, Chairmen of the Board. IHF Morning Session: FIBROUS GLASS HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES Moderator: W. Clark Cooper, M.D., School of Public Health, University of California 9:10 a. m. IHF Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers H. Michael D. Utldjian, M. D., Asst. Professor. Dept, of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh 9:35 a. m. NIMA Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Lewis!. Cralley, Ph. D., Scientist Director. Assoc. Chief, Occ. Health Program, Field Studies, U.S. Public Health Service 10:00 a.m. Session Break 10:1$ a. m. Pathological Studies of Respirable Fibrous Glass Dust With and With out Phenol Formaldehyde and Textile Binders Paul Gross. M.D.. Director of IHF Research Lab. 10:45 a. m. Physiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Benjamin J. Lambiotts, M.D., IHF Resident Fellow in Occ. Med. 11:10 a. m. Radiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Jon L. Konsen, M. D.. Medical Director, Owena-Corning Ftberglas Corp. 11:35 a. m. Summarisation - Morning Session W. Clark Cooper, M.D. 12:00 noon LUNCH Afternoon Session: BIOEFFECTS RESEARCH FOR UNITED STATES ASBESTOS INDUSTRY Moderator: Lewis J. Cralley, Ph. D., Scientist Director. Associate Chief, Occupational Health Program* Field Studies. U. S. Public Health Service 1:30 p.m. Asbestos Expoeure in the U.S. Textile Industry--1930 to date Joseph L. Goodman. M.D., Medical Director for Research, Raybestoe-Manhattan. Inc. 1:55 p.m. Statistical Studies of U.S. Asbestos Textile Workers Philip E. Enterliae, Ph.D., Professor of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh 2:20 p. m. Studies of the Pathogenicity of Synthetic aad Natural Asbestos aad Brake Drum Dust: Progress Report Paul Gross, M.D. 3:00 p. m. Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Bodies Methodology H. Michael D. Utldjian. M. D. Instrumentation Martin N. Haller. Fellow, Mellon Institute-CMC Basic Considerations John M. G. Davis, Ph.D.. Dept, of Pathology. University of Cambridge, England Discussion Paul Gross, M. D. - 4:00 p. m. Summarisation - Afternoon Session Lewis J. Cralley. Ph.D. 4:20 p. m. Concluding Remarks * ^ Robert T. P. deTreville, M.D. 4:30 p.m. ADJOURNMENT . 01 132 3840 ' S2s=22S2S2=s3Ss------- 2g -2 m " ___g gl Sa2SSSS22,rt '822 1................ 2 S 1 1 1 -- og i i ^ ^ wv SM 8 St - sss 1 1 w I 4 J a gSRgS aw I gs^ga NA A 2rfS' - 01 as 132 3842 'sagjs******** 1 ,, O tA 8 < j 1 gg1" 1111 * 11 g 11 a*Mctx>j| --t 1 -< **< .i 11*114 Jls!lll siigif s2;*il!-lil-Hs- 2lUiii1si21iii|*ia'2-lrhia:ts9 Snil li. 53 !? 8 1 3 g * n i|i itiiaUf|l imm 8I ? i ? *1 - 5 13 S'S 8 I Sals-3. li|l5" w | | 3 'UiJifl-ilUHiHiii jrii*it|iij| *s*aj2*3j * gi'?ff. S 00 e^ vO 00 > ,X "3 -a* li 3 *S M IS e- s e b> o q | y8 * |I||ljf 8 > -Him i Q ill! !I IlHUil Jil!i!]| S 9 * . - ^ MJfil] !; H iiJiii jllHIil !|2| Mil*? jii. 0S <1 -- uc It w It *3 0 u e < mt It sIt < i J4S* 8 o *w* c' 0 a 8 w a. "O , i a as . 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Jt I j't I< 3 5 t i i J j. rI I t I i i :i f 00 CO co October. 1968 Volume XXXQ No. 10 Industrial Hyglena Foundation 5231 Contra Avanuo Pittsburgh. Pa 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Litaratura and Nawa NEWS ITEMS 912 Aabeatoaia Classified on X-Ray Savarity. To clarify eha "International problam" of asbestosis--a dlaaaaa of tha lunga found in asbestos worksrs--madlcal representatives from a numbar of countrias ara classifying tha ailmant on tha basis of its savarity as aaan on x-rays. Dr. Baajamla Faison, dtractor of tha dapartment of radiology at tha Uaivarsity of Cincinnati Madical Cantor and a mambar of that group, haa rocsntly raturnod from a moating in England with raprosantativas of Croat Britain, Canada. Garmany, Finland, and South Africa. Ha is a consultant in occupational health to eha U. 5. Public Health Service. This is not common disease vtawed in relation to total population, but it is a major occupational hasard for insulation workers such as pipe fitters. Dr. Faison points out. --Air Eng. 1_0, 13 (July. 1968) 913 Generic Drugs. . "Tha Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has in no sense concluded that generic drugs ara lass affective as class than brand-name products. " FDA Commissioner Herbert L. Lay said racantly. "Thera ara fewer than two dosen drugs where therapeutic differences among competing products may be a problem." he added. Dr. Ley's comments were made in responsa to a report recently on the studies of three drugs by Dr. Christopher M. Martin of Georgetown University, which questions the effectiveness of generic versions of drugs. "Data from tha Georgetown work have bean useful to FDA. but it is completely unwarranted to reach any general conclusions about drug equivalency on the basis of these exploratory studies. " Dr. Lay said. Of the three drugs tasted, only chloramphenicol showed a clinically significant difference in blood levels, the FDA commissioner pointed out. --Chem. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 914 Lithium Carbonate. The usefulness of lithium carbonate in treating mania and preventing depression will ba tha subject of e systematic evaluation by a number of institutions under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health. If proven affective, lithium carbonate, an inexpensive white powder, will be an important weapon in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis. This disorder affects many people and is present in a sisable proportion of the nation's 250. 000 suicidas each year. -Cham. Eng. News 46. 57 (Aug. 26. 1968) 915 Dimethyl Sulfoxide. The rood and Drug Administration (FDA) will soon relax its restrictions on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), mainly by loosening the rigid prior approval once required for clinical use of the drug. The IDA banned clinical studies with DMSO la 1965. But in late 1966 the drug agency partially lifted the baa to allow clinical studies with tha pulp-derived drug under guidelines sat up to give patients maximum protection. --Cham. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 916 New_Warnin_on^nifflnj^_ Du Pont is Issuing its second strong warning in less than a year of the danger of Intoxicating oneself by deliberately inhaling the concentrated vapors of aerosols and other products Fourteen deaths have been reported this year as attributable to the practice. The Du Pont warning, issued . -V- * l. 01 132 3850 Industrial Hygiene Digest October, 196g on behalf of U.S. maker* of fluorocarbon propellant* and refrigerant*, i* part of a wide effort to *top *uch miiuit of the product*. The so-called sniffing" started last year with cocktail glass chiller* and ha* spread since to other product*. The specific cause of the deaths that have occurred ha* been difficult to establish. It l* known, however, that sudden death may occur when the lung* are filled with concentrated vapors of solvents or propellants that contain little or no oxygen. The propellant used most in ftuorocarbon-based aerosol spray cans is fluorocarbon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Six companies in the U S. now make the product --Chem. Eng. News 46, 102 (Aug. 2fc. 1988) 917 Sulfur Content of Coal. Restrictions on ths sulfur content of coal have drawn new fir* from industry. The National Coal Policy Conference claims that the use of low-sulfur coal "leads to technical and economic problems which could result only in higher costs for electricity and Impairment of the reliability of electric service." The Conference basee this claim on the findings of a new survey by National Economic Research Associates, which says that many boilers used to produce electricity are designed to burn high-sulfur-content coal. Substituting a different type of coal may cause serious problems with many of them, it says, and rebuilding boilers to accommodate low-sulfur coal is often too expensive. Also, it claims, substituting low-sulfur coal may "diminish the efficiency of various air pollution control device*, such as electrostatic precipitators, that already have been installed by utilities at great cost. " --Chem. Eng. New* 46. 61 (Aug. 26. 196S) 918 Oil Companies to Combat Pollution. Oil companies will spend about $312 million this year to help clean up the nation's air and water ways, according to a new study by the American Petroleum Institute. This will represent a 6. 7% increase over the $3S$ million the industry epent last year. A breakdown of the 1968 estimate shows that $223 million will go to water pollution control, the rest to cleaning up the air. --Chem. Eng. News 46. 27 (Aug. 26. 1968) 919 Fire's Tragic Toil. In the United States every day, fire takes tUs tragic, often needles*, toll, according to National Fir* Protection Association research: 33 lives-. 1. 527 homes; 20 schools; 9 churches; 13 hospitals and nursing homes; 130 stores; 123 industrial plants. Last year an estimated 12. 200 lives were lost in fires in ths U.S. About 6, 500 of those deaths resulted from fires in one- and two-family houses. Approximately one-third of the victims of fires are children, and about one of every three children who die in fire is alone when fire breaks out. --Cllpsheet. Natl. Firs Protect. Assn 920 Radiation Victims Ask $9 Million. Ths two most severely "burned" victims la a dramatic and still-unexplained radiation mishao here last fall have sued tho producer of the equipment involved for a total of $9 million. Edmund 1. Cswalga. 40. of Choswlck. Pa., has sued High Voltage Engineering Coro.. a Massachusetts firm, for $6 million .damages in the accident, which, ths suit charges, cost him both hands and on* leg. Jock P. McCendless. 32. of Natrona Heights. Pa., who, ths suit says. suffered -- along with Mr. Cswalga -- "acute radiation syndrome. " is suing for $3 million for the accident Oct. 4. The two. both employes of Gulf Research and Development Co.. Harmarville, Pa., charged in Federal Court that they absorbed damaging doses of gamma rays from a 3-million-volt Van de Graaf particle accelerator while at work. The two charge that the interlocking safety devices of the potentially dangerous machine all failed in some unexolained manner, thus permitting it to give off rays while registering "not operating." The accident received worldwide attention when the two. and a third Gulf employe. William C. Zemla. 31. of Natrona Heights. Pa., -- less seriously injured -- were treated with elaborate orscautions by team of medical men from several states at West Penn Hospital. The suits charge that Mr Cswalga and Mr McCandlsss were rendered sterile and more susceptible to 'euksmia bv their experience. Mr. Cswalga. whe received* dosage that usually proves lethal, was saved 2. 01 132 3851 Industrial Hvsiane Dtgeat October. 1968 partly because hi* temporarily destroyed white-blood-call, dlaaaaa-immunity ayatam waa revitalitad by blood transfusions from an idantical twin brother. Although Mr. Zemla aa out of the hoapital by Nov 9 and back at work by early February, the other two victima fared leaf well -Pittaburgh Praaa. Saot. 25. ' ">68 Editor1 a Note: The following abatract of an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine 27b. '14 (Sept, 26. 1968) will be of interest to Industrial Hygiene Digest readers: "Radiation must be accepted aa tumorigenic agent in man. Skin cancer, which followed radiation-induced dermatiti* and ulceration, made martyra of early roentgenologiata. Oateoaarcomaa and carcinoma of the paranaaal ainuaea reaulted from ingeation of meaothorium by many radium watch-dial oatnten. Hundreda of theae workera ara atill being atudied to aacertain other late effecta from thia unique radiation expoaure. Thyroid tumora, including cancer, have been found in people expoaed to fallout and atomic-bomb radiation. Furth and Furth. 1 in 1936 demonatratad a high incidence of leukemia in mice after expoaure to radiation. Accordingly, a ayatematic aearch waa made for leukemia in the Japaneae atomic-bomb victima. and indeed it waa found -- the incidence being proportional to the doae of radiation above 100 rada. Sevaral atudiaa in mice and rata have ahown that radiation producea dtverae mammary tumora after aingle doaea and protracted expoaure. The reaponae in rata la linear between 25 and 400 rada. * Tha yield of tumora waa auppreaaed by ovariectomy. Irradiation of mammary tiaaue alone or in vitro with autotranaplantation waa sufficient to induca tumora. * MacKenxle* auggeated that the incidence of mammary tumor waa increaaed by extenaive fluoroscopy. Mettler et al. * have retroepectlvely followed women who had received radiotherapy to a aingle breaat for maatitis. Tumora appeared in higher incidence in the Irradiated than in the nonirradiated breaat. Now, in thia iaaue of the Journal. Waneboetal. ^ report that the incidence of tumora In the breaata of the femalea exooaed to atomic-bomb radiation at Hiroahima and Nagasaki la Increased and. In contrast to nonaxooeed women, occurs in the premenopausal period. The association between radiation expoaure and breast tumora in women has now been suggested in three studies. Though still tenuous , this association demands continuing critical study...." Those interested should also see "Acute Radiation Syndrome " a now IHF Medical Bulletin No. 14-68 --R. T. P. deT. 1. Furth. J. , and Furth. O. B. Neoplastic diseaaes produced in mice by general irradiation withx-raya. Am. J. Cancer 28. 54-65.1936, 2. Bond. V. P., Cronkite, E. P.. Lippincott, S. W.. and Shellabarger. C. J. Studies on radiation-induced mammary gland neoplasia in rat. Ql. Relation of neoplastic response to doae of total-body radiation. Radiation Research 12. 276-285. I960. 3. Shellabarger. C. J.. and Schmidt. R. W. Mammary neoplasia following in vitro x-irrad iation of mammary tissue. Nature (London) 218. 192, 1968. 4. MacKensie. I. Breast cancer following multiple fluoroscopies. Brit. J. Cancer J_9 1-8. 1965. 5. Mettle r. F. A.. Jr., et al. Breaat neoplasms in woman treated with x-ray for poat-oartum mastitis: preliminary report. Submitted for publication. 6. Wanebo. C. K.. Johnson, K. G.. Sato, K.. and Thorslued, T. W. Breast Caacer After Exposure to the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. N. Eagl. J. Med. 279. 667-671. Sept.. 1968. I COMING EVENTS 1 921 Now. 1-4 Association of American Medical Colleges. Houston. Tex. Now. 4- 7 American Institute of Ultrasonics in Medicine, New Orleans. La. Now. 6- 8 Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference. 26th Annual. Mellon Institute. Pittsburgh. Pa. Now. 6- 9 Conference on Respiratory Therapy (Annual). Boston. Mass. Now. 7- 8 American Academy of Compensation Medicine. Meeting on Medical and Surgical Proble'ms in Workmen's Compensation. New York, N. Y. Nov. 7- 9 American Society of Cytology. Cleveland, Ohio. Nov. 7-10 Association of Clinical Scientists. Annual Meeting, Washington. D. C. Nov. 10-14 American School Health Association. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 10-15 American Association for Inhalation Therapy. Houston. Tex. Nov. 11-13 American Association for Clinical Immunology and Allergy. Las Vegaa. Nav. Nov. 11.14 Interstate Postgraduate Medical Association of North America. Pittsburgh. Pa Nov. 11-15 American Association of Public Health Physicians. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 11.15 American College of Preventive Medicine. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 11.15 American Public Health Association. Detroit. Mich. 01 132 3852 3. 'V .>v ^ !' ' Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 Nov. 13*15 Parenteral Drug.Aeeoeiation. Annual Convention. New York. N. Y. Nov. 15*18 American Spsschand Hearing A*aoctation. Denver. Gold:' .1 .' Nov. 18*20 American Petroleum Institute.' Annual Masting. Chicago; 111. - ... 5 ' - ' Nov. 18*20 National Fire Protection A.s..s..o...c..i.a...t.i.o...n..... Fail Conference Milwaukee. Via Nov. 18*21 Conference on Engineering In Medifcine aivi Biblogy (21 it Annual). Houaton. Tex. Nov. 18*21 > 14th Conference onMegnetismendMagneticMaterieli. Nw York. N. Y ' Nov. I8*21v Symposium on Baeic Mechanisms of the Epiiepaiea. Colorado Springe. Colo. ' Nov. 19 Air.Pollution ControlConference, UniveraityofMieaouri. Columbia. Mo Nov. 19-20 'Coimcil^on AtlirioocJ.eroaipUAmeriean/Heart';Aa8nV)v-Bal'.Harbour., F1*-- Nov. 20*22 'Aluminum AaaoeiitioW;1fFall^5ieietinf/j:New^y,prk.' N,^;,Y'.''. y' ` ' / -` Nov. 20*22 National Societyfor the Preyantionfof Bii^heaW Inc^ (Annual Conference). .. 'New Nov. 21*26 American.Hea^^aaoctatioite;^BiiUiHM)^r;Vijla.:-%:^^,\.;. _ ' Nov. 22 Induatrial Hygiane Foundation. Fibrouo OuatSeminar. .'Melloninatitute,' Pittsburgh. Pa. Nov. 26 *Maau^'tuHaf^Ckemiati'A'eaoeiAtien;.MmUanualMeeting. .New.York.' N Y. : ; Nov. 30 AMA National Conference 'on Community HealthPlanning, 'Miami Beach. Fla. ' '' ' I ,'.L G A L D E VELOPM'Ey.T S 'vl... J"y. \ '''' ' . 922 Safety and Health Regulations for Shtp Ropairing. Shipbuilding, and Shipbreaking, , ; - . Notice of propoaed''rule ^RvakingHlA.nr^W'puraiut'Bt^to'Seciipn.'.'dlj'df.the'Longa.horemen'a. and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33U.S CZ;94^tyamtad M Cr!l^ Parta lSOl. 1302. and 1 30?. \ ' -The changesare propoaed in view of the need to delineate the Information s be obtained by the employer in order to meet the rapuirernenta of theee pairta. Written data. viewe. or argument ' regarding the proposal may be filed by mail .with the Director. Bureau of Labor Standards. U. S. Department of: Labor. 4OO Flrst Street N. W. . Washington. D. C. 20210. within 60 daya after thie document is published in theFederal Register. In 29CFR 1501.57. paragraph (d)` would be revised to read as follows: 1501.57" Health aind'sanitation. (d) .-Theinformation which must be ascertained under paragraph (a) of thia sectlon Includes tnformationon all of the items listed below which are applicsbletothe specific product or material: (1) Manufacturer's name, address, and telephone number. (2) Chemical name aad synonyms. trade name, chemical ' family, formula, ..and geseral deacriptipa di; alngle chamical. mixture of chemicals, - or basic ' structural or process nM^rial. (3) Chemical names of Ingredients, suck ae but apt limited to those of mixtures, such as paiats and preservatives. of alloys. filler metals, and welding rods, of platings, and of abrasive blasting materials. (4) Physical data, including Boiling Point, in . degress Fahrenheit; Vapor Preaaure. in millimeters of mercury; Bold Vapor Pressure, In : : "pounds per square iackiabeoluto; Vapor Density'.of jgaa orvaporfair-1); Freesing point, `in ' ' degrees FahreaheltVSdlubility lie water; Inpercent by welght; Speciflc Gravity of liquid (Water* l); Percentage Volatile, Syvolume ;and EvaporationRate',:fpr liquids (ethor.l). (5) Tire and 1 explosion hasard data. includlag Flash Poiat. in degrees Fahrenheit; Autoignition Temperature, in degrees Fahrenkdlt; Flammable Limits. in perceat by volume in air: Suitable extinguishing ' media or agents; Special fire fighting procedures; and Unusual fire hasards. (6) Health hasard data, including. Threshold Limit Yalaos. In mUlions of particles per cubic fddt of air for dust, in milligrams of particulate par. cubic meter of air fqrfumee, and in parts per million parts of air by volume forgaaes and vapors; OdorThreshoidLin parts permilUonpartsofair by volume; Toxic characteristics; Signs of poiaoning; Short Exposure Tolerance. in parts per . . million parts of air by volumai aad Firat aid exposure procedures. (7) Reactivity data, including Stability; CompataMlity; Decomposition products; and Polymerisation rate. (8) Spill or leak , procedures and precautions. (9) Special precautions rscommsnded, including respiratory protection; ventilation, such as local exhattet,mechnnleal,apecial. or other; personal protective equipment, including protective gloves, aye protectioa, and protective clothing. (10) Handling and storage precautions-. The required iaformation ahall be entared on U.S. Department of Labor Form LSB OOS-4, "Hasardous Material Data Sheet. " or on an essentially similar form accepted by the Bursau of Labor Standards. Tha completed form ahall be kept on file, available for ins pection. 'for apariodof at laast3 months fromthedateof thecompletion of the'job; Similar changes are noted for Paragraphs 1502. 57 and 1503. 57. (F:,R. Doc. 68-10156: Filed. Aug. 22, 1968; 8:45 a; m.) \ ' ^ . ..Federal Rectster, 33. No. 165. Aus. 23. 1968. Editor's Note: At the suggestion of the Foundation's Chemical-Toxicological and Legal Com . mitteea and with the approval of the Foundation's Board of-Trustees at its October 14,meeting.. request has been made hy Industrial Hggie^^Fouadatloh to appear and offer technical; advice if hearings are held. 4. i* - --ft. T. P. dT. i, \s Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 923 Labor Secretary Proposes Stronger Health and Safety Standard* Under Walsh-Healey Act. Sec ratary of Labor Willard Wirtz today propoaed revision! which would strengthen the safety and health standards of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. This Act sets basic labor standards for work done on United States contracts over SIO. 000 in value. The proposed safety and health revisions would: (1) Limit the level of occupational noise to 8S decibels, establishing the first Federal occupational noise regulation. (2) Make acceptable under the Act safety and health standards developed under the consensus principle by nationally recognized standard-setting agencies, such as the United States of America Standards Institute. (31 Adoot radiation standards developed by the Atomic Energy Commission. (4) Adopt certain safety and health standards developed by the Compressed Gas Association, the National Committee on Traffic Safety, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 15) Establish threshold limits for exposure to toxic materials. If adopted, the proposed standards will revise those issued in December, 1960. These standards codified safety and health requirements under the Walsh-Healey Act for the first time. The proposed revisions incor porate recommendations offered at public hearings and at meetings with industry and labor. Complete text of the proposed revisions will be published in the Federal Register on September 20. and a public hearing on the proposals will be held at the Labor Department in Washington beginning November 6. --U.S. Dept, of Labor News Release. Sept. 20, 1968 Editor's Note: Regarding the above news release, the following information contained in a letter from George D. Clayton, Executive Secretary, American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). dated October 3, 1968, will be of interest: Dr. Van Atta called today and pointed out two omissions in the regulations proposed by the Bureau of Labor, as printed in the Federal Register dated September 20, 1968. These are: (1) Words underlined were omitted in the following statement: The proposed noise level is 85 decibels on the A Scale slow response. (2) Entire statement should be added to the tail end of Paragraph A. 'If the noise levels cannot be restricted within the maximum professional level by such methods, employees' hearing shall be safeguarded by adequate, professional, protective equipment.' " Reportedly, the National Safety Council and the AIHA are prepared to offer testimony at the November 6 hearings. The complete text of the above reference is on file at IHF headquarters and may be made available to IHF members on request. --R. T. P. deT BOOKS. PAMPHLETS. AND NOTICES 924 Publications From East Germany. A rbeitshygienische Information Bauwesen, Vol. 4. Noe. 1. 2 and 3 (1968). Arbeitshygtenische Information, No. 5 (1966) and No. 8 (1967). Arbeitshygieno uad Arbeitsschutx im Bauwesen (1966). Ergonomle Afbeits-uad Gesundheitsschutz Bau, No. 1 (1967). Jahresberlcht (1967). All periodicals available from VEB Verlag fur Bauwesen. 108 Berlin. Franzosische Strasse. DDR. Germany. Subjects covered in the above listed publications includs: occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, occupational physiology, occupational psychology, construction hygiene, prophylaxis and rehabilitation, geriatrics, noise problems in industry, lighting problems, and first aid. Reports from the surgical and accident, women's, dermatitis, throat-nose-ear. eye, stomatology, x-ray and physiotherapy divisions are included, as well as material on legal aspects, publications, lectures, etc. --J- Metschl Editor's Note: The above publications have been received from H. G. Haublein, M.D.. who is in charge of occupational medicine in East Germany. His annual report for 1967 was enclosed in correspondence, which is translated as follows (translated by J. Metschl). dated August 6. 1968: "We note with interest the recent publication of your 'Industrial Hygiene Highlights' and request a free copy in order to bring this work to the attention of our readers concerned with industrial hygiene in the construction industry. We would like to receive further material in the field of occupational health and safety. We enclose some of our material related to the 5. 01 1 Industrial Hyaline Direst October,-! 968 abovafields. With greatest respect, (signed) Direktor: OMR Dr. H. G. Httbli>u 'Deutsche Domokratische Republik. 102 Berlin. Maga*instrasse;6-7, Germany." These, publications. ; which are written entirely in Garman (without multillnguai aummary), apparently arestraight forward and notpolltiealin nature: Digest;readeirsinterested ininduatrial hygiene practical in East Germany may find in such-publications a source of useful information not otherwise'' > easily available. IHF review copies wilL be 'retained temporarilyto determine If there should be interest on the part of the'F"bundatiph's?tnembprs^ip'"in industrlalhygiene practices and' problems in East-Germany. ' - X ' 1 ' ^ ;;.ip[.',T.','p."`. deT ' n" JV 1 ^ 925' INDUST RIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE ' ' " - ?,v - t' Vy/' 'V* ,. ; . ' >V' "i. r,4i/. -^1 " .f * Crisis in Our Time. E. G. Dimond. Arch. Internal Med. 21, 171.178 (Aug.,1968). The physician deals with individuals one at a time. Itisnatural f.or Mw to consider group plans or undertakings as'alien td''hi#'AW^KiS3^itent,h,;welfare^i4'5yetVmediciha|, is a public service >. /. function and the1 present eocMi^revdlunon -is InvolvingmedlcineT whether dr not this, physician.'>/ desires it. Recent medicalorganixational end legialative events relate to concepts of compre- henaive medicine,and the pe raonal physician. Health arguments based on substantial differences are shaping the future af physicians"and^prSctice!l ''ClUi- "! v.'M.. - --J. Am; Med. Assn. References a Reviews 926 To Meet the Nation's Health Needs. (1969 Shattuck Lecture to the Massachusetts Medical Society. Boston). R. Q. Marston. - New Ensl. J. Med. 279. 520-524 (Sept. 5. 19681. .. Physicians tend to have trouble wlth this widespread public clamor abbot thb host medical care for all. On the one, hand, many believe it lmplies undue criticism of the medical profession itself.' because each doctor as an individual has accepted the best in card as a personal mandate throughput his career. * SecdWly^ It is seen as a promise that cannot be fulfilled, not only : .. because of the limitations; of resources and mechanisms" but also; because, the consumer himself has a dominant role in defining "the best ol medical care" -- a role'we cannot and perhaps should not control. Thomas Jefferspa^ih juaei 1776, in drafting the Oeciaratioa of Independence. : . emphasised that hit was givingsxpression to widely held views whea he wrote: "We hold these , truths to be self-evident,.It is also self-evident thatthe medical profession is deeply committed to meeting the health needs nf the nation and that although we face a tlme of unpar- alls led challenge we also face atime of unparalleled opportunity. This.' if you will, la a kind of declaration of interdependence. There are high hopes; throughout the world that we in this country can demonstrate 'the same' types of accomplishments in hoai&carai that we have ; demonstrated in other areas. such as biomedical research. These hopes and the expectations : , of our own society are so high indeed that wp. must face reallstieally the possibility that the/ many challenges may exoeed our combined abiltty to meet all of' them as.we should like to. ' ' . . . There has never been a greater opportunity for all toworktogetherfor the achievement of ,: truly important hialtitgoals. - pjr`^ ' >Cond:'-;fr.om`-]tet. ,t; > ; 927 Characteristics of Prua Abusers Admitted to a Psychlatric Hosoital. L. J. Heklmiaaaad S. Gershon. J. Am. Ued. Assn. 20S. 125.130 (Julv 15. 1968). /;*; . One hundred and twelye drug abusers admitted tp Belleyue PsycUhtric Hoapltai ware studied . from a social.ymotivatlonal, psychiatric, and pharmacblogtcal yiew. Hsroin users were ^' usually sociopathic and were costlag tbe city SlO milllon a day la erlmea to support their;'. / habit. Emotionally dlsturbed but younger groups tanded to use marihuana, amphetamines. and 'hallucinogens. ,.Fifty'percent, of this grs before taking ; drugsand 37% required state' hospitalisation/ .^Thus, protracted psychotic states "thought to be r' due to drug ingestion may be due to preexisting nMntal disturbances. A desire for euphoria, ..possibly stemming from undarly^g daprssslon. ;was most frsqMntly the rsason given for drug abuse. Influences`.'hy, friends,- s.iea^romrtni,was;toe;sebbndsmost frequent' reason..' - Almost/ ' - all patlsnts .had'experiences with drugs other than the one whlch.caused admission to the hospital. -There are 14 rafsreaceip..- ,, ~`"h` ,i.0J':, L..'4:1^'` . ..-Authors'.abSt. ... ... ... ' .V;-' . . - - . Editor's Note: Or. Marston (Abstract No.' 926)ysw haad of Nati6nal'Institutes for Health, will find the Industrial Hygiene FouadaMbh!>^Mbiitalylsalth S^y of interest. Utilisation of existing : health resources in industry, recently aatimated to coat !1V3 blUion doltars per year. to. improve health support of employees will benaflt the entire community. --R. T. P. deT. 6. Oil 132 3855 nt- Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1 9fe8 928 Annual Review: The Lent and Vitreous. H. M. rrttmio. Arch. Ophthalmol. 80, 132-144 (July, 1968). Approximately 400 article* pertaining to the lena and vitreoua were reviewed. Publication* dealing with biochemistry and physiology of the lens will be dealt with in the annual review of "Biochemistry and Physiology of the Eye. " During the past year, there hae bean an awakening of clinical interest in the vitreous. Improvements in instrumentation and techniques of exam ination of the vitreous cavity have led to a more accurate interpretation of vitreoua findings and have accelerated developments in the promising field of vitreous surgery. Therefore, a relative emphasis has been placed on the vitreous in this annual review. - -J Am. Med. Assn. References b Reviews 929 Reading Aids for the Partially Sighted. L. L. Sloan. Arch. Ophthalmol. 0. 35-38 (July. 1968). A successful reading aid is defined as one which the patient uses to read books, magasines or newspapers for at least 15 minutes at a time. The aid ie considered a partial succesa if the reading time is less or if only larger print can be read. A low incidence of failure was found in 513 unselected patients. Occasional failures were associated with a changing level of visual impairment or a very small usable field of vision. The most important factor is the degree of magnification required for easy reading. Thie determines the power and type of aid that is acceptable. Age is also important because it affects motivation and ability to learn a new way of reading. Even in patients with the worst prognosis, i. e., those over 70 who required high magnification, 48% were helped by a reading aid. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References h Reviews 930 Chronic Nonspecific Respiratory Disease in a Movie Projectionists Union. Boston. 1963-1964. B. C. Ferris, Jr.. W. A- Burgess, and Jane Worcester. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 886-891 (June, 1968). (See also Industrial Hygiene Digest Abstract No. 955 for October. 1967). A survey of 166 members (96% of those available) of a movie projectionists union in the Boston area did not reveal significant differences in respiratory symptoms of pulmonary function between those who had entered the union prior to 1940 and those who had entered the union after 1940. Measurements Included responses to a standard questionnaire, and simple tests of pulmonary function. Cigarette-smoking habits were taken into account. Aerometric measure ments were made in the booths and were much lower than those reported la the literature prior to 1940. As a result of this morbidity survey we do not believe that these movie projectionists have had significant exposures at work. There are 7 references. --Authors' abst 931 Oxygen Concentration in Tents and Incubators in Paediatric Practice. H. Simpson and D. J. Russell. Brit. Med. J-. No. 5573. 201-204 (Oct. 28. 1967). The oxygen concentrations attained in tents and incubators during routine pediatric use are reported. An oxygen concentration of 10 to 60 per cent is most readily attained in the Oxygen- alre Humldatre Tent, the most efficient of the teats tested. Accurately controlled oxygen therapy la the range of 24 to 35 per cent is attainable in the Venturi Head Tent, which may find a place in pediatric oxygen therapy. Incubators in neonatal use generally fulfill their manufac turers1 specifications. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 932 Demineralisation of the Dorsum Sellae Associated With Alcoholism. M. Albert and M. L-eMay Brit. J. Radiol. 41, 331 (1968). Five normotenslve patients were found with striking localised demineralisation of the dorsum sella*. Their ages ranged from 35 to 51 years. The changes were indistinguishable from those seen with Increased intracranial pressure. All five patients were chronic alcoholic* and none had evidence of raised Intracranial pressure. The authors postulate that this finding may reflect early nutritional osteoporosis. --Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts ; v* 7. 01 132 3856 Industrial Hrrten* Dll*t October. 1968 933 Short Term Treatment of Acuta Buraiti* of the Should*f. a Doubt*-Blind Study of the U** of Indomathacin and Placebo. A. Cohan and R. W. Cohan. Penna. Mad. 71 66-70 (Sapt., 1968). Thirty-six man and woman with modarata to vary aavara burattla of tha ahouldar wara traatad for one weak with either indomathacin or placebo (25 mg. capaulea q. 6h.) in a double-blind trial. Raaponae of tha nineteen patient* who took indomathacin wai Fair to Good (3. 8 on a 5-point acale). Reapona* of the aavantaan who took placebo waa Nona to Fair (2. 9 on tha acala). The difference in reaponaa between tha two group* waa atatiatically aignificant. Side effect* occurred in two patient*, via., diarrhea of ahort duration in on* who took indomathacin and nauaea controlled with antacid in ona who took placebo. Thar* are 5 reference*. Author*' aummary 934 Brucella abortua in Fraah Cream and Cream Product*. G. I. Barrow, at al. Brit. Mad. J. 596-600 (June 8, 1968). Brucella abortua waa iaolatad in two aaparat* apiaodea from whipped cream from four of aavan fraah cream cake*. The aubaaquant inveatigationa at the bakariaa and dairiaa concerned 19 iaolation* of B abortua from varioua aamplaa of cream. Both of thaa* apiaodea war* due to inaufficiant heat treatment of tha cream at the dairiaa. In tha aurvay B abortua waa alao iaolatad by direct culture from five of 916 aamplaa of clotted cream. Thia waa praaumably dua to either aurvival of thaa* organiama during heat treatment, or to contamination after heat treatment. Cloaer attention ahould be paid to cream aa a hasard to public health, and the need for the introduction of minimum bacteriological atandarda for cream ia emphaaixed. --J. Am. Med A**n. Reference* fc Review* 935 Cytoplasmic Activity in Type I Pulmonary Epithelial Celia Induced by Macroaaareaated Albumin. Edith J. Hank* and H. J. Pederson. Science 161. 580-582 (Aua. 2,1968). After the intravanoua injection of radioaibumin macroaggregata, largo number* of cytoplaamic incluaion bodtea wara obaarvad in tha lung tiaaua of rata. Tha incluaiona wara located mainly in tha cytoplaara of type I alveolar lining call*, appeared 40 minute* after the injection, and laated up to 2 day*. Thaa* obaervationa auggeat that tha type I alveolar lining cell* participate ia the clearing mechaniam of tha lung tiaaua, a function that thua far haa not been attributed to thia type of cell. There are 3 reference*. --Author*' abat. 936 Natural Hlatory of Tuberculoala in Human Body. J. A. Myers, J. E. Bearman. and A. C. Botkina. Diaeaaea of Cheat 52* 687-699 (June, 1968). Of 3.192 graduate* of threo private hospital achoola of nuraing, 91.9% were traced. Tha 68 who died for non-tuberculous condition* and tha 289 who ware not located were followed medically for 1. 374 and 8, 734 persoa-yeara respectively before death or at the time of last contact. Whan prophylactic measures ware well under way (Including tuberculin testing) only eight converters were found in all three schools. Among the 1.323 students who reacted to tuberculin on admis sion. or converted while ia school or after graduation. 35 (2.8%) subsequently developed clinical pulmonary lesions, one had renal disease, and tea pleurisy with effusion. No student developed tuberculous meningitis of miliary dissemination. Among tha 14 who converted while ia school. 11 did so before 1938, two in 1943, and one la 1944. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References li Reviews 937 Pulmonary Complication* and Water Retention in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. A. Sladen, M. B. Laver, and H. Pontoppidan. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 448-453 (Aug. 29. 1968). In a retrospective study of 100 patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, water retention without evidence of cardiac failure developed ia 19. Thia was associated with radio logic evidence of pulmonary edama and with the following aignificant changes: a mean gain in weight of 2. 6 kg; a mean increase in the alveolar-art*rial oxygen tension gradient of 127 mm of mercury; a decrease in vital capacity of 29 peccant; a reduction in estimated compliance 8. 01 132 3857 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 of 31 per cant; a fall In hamatocrlt of 13 par cant; and a dacraaaa in aarum sodium of 5. 90 mEq par litar. Thasa changes wars reversed after the institution of a negative water balance by restriction of water intake and by diuretic therapy. Radiologic improvement was usually prompt. The appearance of pulmonary edema may be related to a relative water overload, a rise in antidiuretic hormone production or subclinical cardiac failure. There are 24 references. -Authors' abst. 938 Occupation. Education, and Coronary Heart Disease. L. E. Hinkle. Jr., et al. Science 161. 238-246 (July 19, 1968). A 5-year prospective survey of the relation between occupation, education, and coronary heart disease has been carried out among the 270, 000 men employed by the Bell System throughout the continental United States. The findings indicate that men who attain the highest levels of management as a group do not have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who remain at lower levels. The findings provide no evidence that men who have high levels of responsi bility, or who have been promoted rapidly, frequently, or recently, or men who are transferred to new departments or to new companies, have any added risk of coronary heart disease. On .the other hand, men who enter the organization with a college degree have a lower attack rate, death rate, and disability rate for coronary heart disease at every age. in every part of the country, and in all departments of the organization. The difference in risk appears to exist at the time the men are hired and apparently is not greatly changed by any of the subsequent experiences of the men. We have discussed some of the reasons for believing that this differ ence in risk is not a result of the educational process itself, but is the result of biological differences between the college and no-college men which are related to, but not necessarily the result of. the differences in social and economic backgrounds from which they originated; some of these differences seem to take the form of habits of eating and smoking, which are formed in childhood and youth and persist during adult life. There are 30 references. --Authors' summary 939 Licorice and Hypertension. R. E. LeFebvre and J. Mare-Aurele. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99, 230-231 (Aug. 3, 1968). This case concerns a 34-year-old woman. In April, 1966, she was hospitalized for a dilatation and curettage following a spontaneous abortion. On admission, her blood pressure was noted to be 170/100. Because the blood pressure remained elevated, a full renal and hypertensive investigation was undertaken. All investigated parameters were found to be normal. About one week after her admission the blood pressure spontaneously returned to normal and she was discharged. Convinced that her symptoms and hypertension were emotional in origin, the patient returned to her occupation of nursing. While working in a postoperative recovery room, she would have her blood pressure taken regularly and noted It to be consistently elevated between 200/100 and 240/140. Disturbed by this persistent high blood pressure she consulted the authors. During questioning, the patient volunteered the information that she had developed a peculiar habit -- that it was net unusual for her to eat at least two pounds of frssh licorice a week. Physical examination at this time revealed only an elevated blood pressure of 220/11 5, and there were no signs of neuromuscular disturbance. In ensuing days, the patient on her own accord decided to stop eating licorice. Shs continued to have her blood pressure taken regularly at worh and within a week it had dropped to 140/90. Since giving up the habit her blood pressure has remained within normal limits between 110/70 and 140/90. The patient admitted that while la the hoepital in April. 1.966, the had not eaten any licorice. The effect of the crude extract of the root of glycyrrMsaglabra. better known as licorice, upon the human system is discus fed in detail. There are 10 references. --Cond. from text 940 Licorice-Induced Pseudoaldosteronism. Hypertension. Hypokalemia. Aldosteronopenla. and Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity. J. W. Conn, D. R. Rovner, and E. L. Cohen. J. Am. Mad. Assn. 208, 492-496 (Aug. 12, 1968). Hypertension, Initially normokalsmic, was eventually associatad with hypokalemia, alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity, and aldosteronopenla in a 58-year-old man who had ingested two to three 36-gm licorice candy bars daily for she ysars t : balance 9. Industrial Hygiene Digest October, n^a studies recorded complete recovery upon cessation of licorice ingestion. The eyadrome wee reproduced experimentelly by orel edminietretion of emmonium glycyrrhisats, the compound in licorice reeponsible for (odium retention. In categorising mechanieme. of hypertension. it ia important to aaaeaa the functional atate of the renin-aldosterone ayatem by measuring both factors. When both yield low values it is likely that a potent sodium-retaining substance, other than aldosterone, either of endogenous or of exogenous origin, is at work. Licorice-induced hypertension serves e model of hypertensive disease developing as the result of ingestion of a foodstuff possessing sodium retaining activity. There are IS references. --Authors' abst. 941 Coronary Atherosclerosis in Persons Dying Violently. B. Viel. S. Donoso. and D. Salcedo. Arch. Internal Med. 21_. 97-103 (Aug.. 1968). Autopsies on 1. 150 men and 290 women following violent death were analysed to clarify etiology of atherosclerotic lesions. Soft lesions were noted in coronary arteries ia persons less than ten years of age and increasingly to age 30. without significant differences between senes. Hard lesions with more accelerated growth appeared later in life; women between ages 20 and 45 had a significantly lesser amount than men. The left anterior descending coronary artery was most affected by atherosclerosis among men over age 35. High socioeconomic status, obesity, and intellectual work showed a significant association with hard atherosclerotic lesions. Neither alcohol nor smoking seemed related to atherosclerosis. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 942 Diabetes Msllitus in Old Age. A. Harth. Geriatrics 23, 138-145 (June. 1968). In a follow-up study of 70 elderly diabetic patients residing in an Israeli geriatric home during a three-year period there were no serious cases of acidosis, and the classic complications of diabetes were not prevalent. There was no direct relationship between damage to the blood vessels, nerves, or retinas and the severity of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. Most of the patients in this group reacted positively to chlorpropamide treatment, without any side effect. The author feels that strict diet for elderly patients is not important and the outlook for aged diabetic patients appears to be quite favorable. Perhaps the present criteria used in diagnosis of diabetes ia old age should be revised. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 943 Glycosuria and Diabetes Msllitus in Canadian Esldmos. O. Schaefer. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99, 201-206 (Aug. 3. 1968). Of 3, 716 Canadian Eskimos screened ia recent surveys, 4.7% showed glycosuria, the incidence varying from 2.4% ia coastal Eastern Aretic Esldmoe to 10.7% ia the Caribou Esldmos of the Central Arctic. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between glycosuria and levels of blood sugar, the latter being generally low. Males had a markedly higher incidence of glycosuria than females, and there was a consistent decline of the male to female ratio from the Eastern to the Central Aretic. A higher incidence among relatives appeared at least partly independent of diet. In contrast to the relatively high incidence of glycosuria, diabetes msllitus is still very rarely found ia Canadian Eskimos. A review of the 15 patients in whom a diagnosis of diabetes had been made in the last 10 years rsvoalsd that the diagnosis had been correct ia only two (one of these being secondary to acromegaly) and questionable ia two others of a total of approximately 13, 000 Esldmos. There are 23 references. --Author's summary 944 Circulatory Effects of Nicotine Aerosol Inhalations and Cigarette Smoking in Man. A. Herxheimer, st al. Lancet Z, 754-755 (Oct. 7, 1967). Five healthy volunteers, four men and one woman, took part ia the present study. All subjects had been smoking 5 to 15 cigarettes per day for three years, and all inhaled. The subjects refrained from smoking during the two hours preceding the experiment. Experiments were separated by at least one day. A comparison was made between tbs effect of smoking a commer cially available filter-tip cigarette and afllter-tlp cigarette made from cursd lettuce leaves that contained no nicotine and the effect of inhaling an aerosol containing S3 mg of nicotine per metered 10. 01 132 3859 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 puff from * specially prepared "Medihaler" and 4 control aerosol containing only the propellant. Inhalation of amok* from the filtar-ttp cigarette and of nicotine aaroaol in approximately equivalent amounta produced a aimilar increaae in pulaa rata and blood praaaura. Inhalation from the nicotine-free cigarattea and from tha aaroaol propallant alona had no effact on the circulation. -Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Abets. 945 Lung Cancer and Bronchitia in Relation lo Cigaratta Smoking and Fuel Conaumotion in Twenty Countriea. P. Stocka. Brit. J. Prav. Soc. Med. 1. 181-185 (Oct., 1967). Mala death rataa from lung cancer and bronchitia in relation to conaumption of cigarattea per adult older than 15 yeara and of aolid and liquid fual par capita ware atudied in 20 countries. The reauita auggaat that although cigaratta smoking ia tha most important factor in determining national death rates from lung cancar in man younger than 45, air pollution by coal smoke is as important as cigarette smoking in determining tha death rataa in those older than 55, and the two factors are sufficient to account for the rata variation in 17 countries: in the remaining three countries --Finland, Austria, and the Netherlands--additional unknown factors appear to ba operating. --Am. Rev. Reap. Ois. Abate. 946 Tha Role of Nicotine as a Determinant of Cigaratta Smoking Frequency in Man With Obaervationa of Certain Cardiovascular Effects Associated With the Tobacco Alkaloid. B. R. Luecheei, C. R. Schuster, and G. S. Emlay. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. i, 789-796 (Nov. -Dec.. 1967). Tha affect of intravenously administered nicotine on smoking behavior was studied in smokers who were unaware of the nature of the administered drug and the true purpose of the study. Smoking behavior was not altered significantly when nicotine was administered in a dose of 1 mg per hour for six hours. A significant decrease in smoking frequency was obtained when nicotine was administered at the rate of 2 to 4 mg per hour. Recordings of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic findings indicate that the physiologic alterations in these parameters produced by smoking can be reproduced by parenteral nicotine. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 947 Mouth Absorption of Various Compounds in Cigarette Smoke. T. Oalhamn, M-L. Edfors. and R. Rylander. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 831-835 (June, 1968). The absorption in the mouth of volatile and aerosol components ia cigarette smoke was studied in humans. Determinations were made of acetaldehyde, isoprene. acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, and particulate matter using gaschromatography and fluorometric methods. The amount of the various compounds ia smoke coming directly from the cigarette and smoke which had stayed in the mouth for two seconds were determined. The results were expressed as percent absorption. The absorption was higher for water-soluble compounds (around 60%) than for noa-water-soluble compounds (around 20%). No correlation was found between boiling point and absorption. Sixteen percent of the particulate matter was rstained ia the mouth. A lower absorption was found among heavy smokers for isoprene, acetaldehyde, and aceton itrile. There are 9 references. ~ --Authors' abac. 948 Habits of Men Employed in Industry, and Mortality. C. Z. Brett and B. Benjamin. Brit. Med. J. 3, 82-85 (July 13. 1968). Ia a prospective study the smoking habits of 54. 460 mala industrial workers aged 40 years and over were related to the deaths that had occurred in this population over a period of three years. Of 37, 448 cigarette smokers, 14. 4% retained the eigarette ia the mouth between puffs ("drooping cigarette"); drooping increases in frequency with the amount smoked. The annual mortality rate from lung cancer was 0. 3/1, 000 for both aonsmokers and exsmokers and 1.2/1, 000 for cigarette smokers, a ratio of 1:4. The highest mortality from lung cancer was observed in heavy smokers (2.4/1, 000) and particularly in heavy smokers addicted to the drooping cigarette (4.1 /l, 000). There was an overall as well as an age-specific gradient of lung cancer mortality with amounts smoked. The mortality from coronary thrombosis in smokers was nearly three times that tn nonsmokers. A mortality gradient with rising consumption of cigarettes was clearly defined. No correlation between smoking and mortality was found ia other cardiovas cular disease and cerebrovascular disngpes. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References h Reviews 3860 11. Industrial Hygisns Digest Octobsr, 1968 949 Value of Lam Cancsr Detection by Six-Monthly Chsit Radiographs. C. Z Brsik. ' ' , Thor** (London) 2^, 414-420 (July, 1968), ' | \ `P-' Remit* ere reported of a controlled prospective study carried out by the niui radiography ervice of the NW Metropolitan Region which evaluates early lung cancer detection by aix- i monthly x-ray examination*. The lung cancer experience of a teat group of. 29', 723 men aged 40 and over who were offered six-monthly survey* .during,three years, is compared with a similarly constituted control group of 25. 311 men who were'x-rayed only, at the beginning and the end of the study. Nearly 99% were followed up; The.ahhuaTdetection rate'pf lung cancsr ' by six-monthly surveys was 0,9 per thousand, 6>%iof itWse^cases were' resected:'-* In the test group as a whole, 43. 6% of lung cancer was operabia comparsd with 29% in the control, the difference (P * 0.03) being statistically significant.' The annual mortality, rate from lung cancer was 0.7 per thousand in the teat and 0.8 in the control. * --V 'rv ..'; i';' `, .. . --J. Am. Msd. Assn. Reference* t Review, 950 Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy: The Effect Upon the Hematocrit and Acid-Base Balance of the Newborn Infant. M. K. Younossai, A. Kacic, and J. C. . Haworth. : . Can. Med. Assn. J. 99, 197-200 (Aug. 3. 1968). i , ^ . Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for the first 48 hours of life in 16 infants whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes or more a day throughout their pregnancies and were compared with the findings in 16 infant* whose mothers were non-smokers. Both group's of infants were born at full term and were clinically healthy. The. mean carbon monoxide *aturation of homo- globin in the venous blood of the cigarette-smoking mothers at the time.of deUvery was 8.3% and in the noa-smoldng mothers 1.2%. The corresponding mean umbilical cord vsin blood levels were 7.3% and 0.7%. The blood pH. Pcoj, bicarbonate and lactate values in both groups of infants were within the normal rang* for newborn infants. The infants of the. cigarette smoking mothers, however, showed a higher mean capillary blood hematocrit and a mild metabolic acidosis. Although these minor abnormalities did not appear to be of clinical . ignificancs in the group of infants studied, further investigation of infants of women who smoke during pregnancy might determine the cause of the incrsassd Incidence of low birth weight tn these infants. There are 30 references. "i V ; --Authors1 summary 951 Infiltrative Lung Diseases. P. P. VanArsdel. Jr., and R. Thune. , Yale J. Biol. Med. 40. 501-506 (April-June, 1968). 1 , "\ ', An increasing number of patients with Infiltrative lung dieeaee were found to be hypereeneitive to organic dusts. The best known groups are farmers exposed to thermophilic molds, pigeon and parakeet fanciers, and sugar cane workers. This patients studied are pigeoa.-faacters whose symptoms and pulmonary Auction abnormalities warsraproduced by inhalation of dilute pigeon serum. The sera of these patients contalned precipitating antibodles to pigeon serum. ' and skin reactions were charactaristic of the Arthus -pbanomenon. There are as yet no good animal models; the various possibilities are reviewedwith two main objectlvss in mind. The first is the ideatlflcatloa of a similar disease produced by antigen lnhalation. either naturally acquired or experimentally produced. The secCadvis an, attempt to produce disease by. passive edministratloa of human antibody followed by antigea challehgs. This would test the hypothesis that this diagnostically Important precipitating antibody is directly Utyolved In the production of lung tissue damage. --J. Am. Msd, Assn. References I* Reviews . i . v :"* > V:. /*' . 952 Nasal Cancer in Woodworkers in rurnjture Industry. E. O.Acheson.etal. Brit. Med. J. 2. 587-595 (June 8. 1968). ' -- ' . The material reported shows beyond reasonable doubt that cabinetmakers, chairmakera, and wood machinists in the furniture Industry in the southern part of the Oxford^Hospital region , are at special risk in respect to adsnocarcinoma of tlie nasal cavity and! sinuses, especially the ethmoid. The risk also extends to a significant but lesser extent to persons employed in other trades exposed to dust in the furniture industry:. Carpenters and joiners never employed in the furniture industry either hays no increased risk;, or un increase in risk .which is not detectable in a population of this sis*. Ths best estimates of tlui latent, period of th* tumor is 39 years, but tumors may develop afteaas ^ftlt as'five*years'exposure in persons who have- 0112. 132 3861 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 left the Industry. a constituent of wood duet which is inhaled and is present in such commonly used hardwoods as beech and oak is etiologicalty related to the development of these tumors. Polishes, lacquers, and varnishes are unlikely to be incriminated. The factor concerned was present as early as 1920 and at Least as recently as 1940. It is likely that further cases will occur. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References fc Reviews 953 A Survey of Trichinosis Among Black Bears in Vermont. F. L. Babbott. Jr., and B. W. Day. Jr Arch. Environmental Health j_6. 900-902 (June, 1968). Following the 1964 and 1965 hunting seasons, diaphragm and loin or rump specimens from 35 black bears shot in Vermont were examined for evidence of trichinosis. Laboratory studies included direct microscopy as well as digestion and concentration techniques. No larvae of Trichinella spiralis were found in this 11% sample of the annual bear kill. There are 12 references. --Authors' abst. 954 Mite Infestations of Man Contracted From Dobs and Cats. L. R. Thomsett. Brit. Med. J. 3. 93-95 (July 13, 1968). Acarine infestations of the dog and cat and their transmissibility to man are discussed. The relationship between age incidence in the host, duration of disease, and circumstances under which the animal is kept are stated. Of 65 human contacts at risk to 42 Infected dogs and cats, 50 exhibited lesions of mite infestation. Of these lesions, 48% were confined to the arms and torso. Considering animal mite infestation in the differential diagnoeis of human prurttir and papular skin disease is important. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References fc Reviews 955 Human Plague in the United States. 1900-1966. J. L. Caten and L. Kartman. J. Am. Med. Assn. 205, 333-336 (Aug. 5, 1968). One or two cases of human plague occur on the average in the United States each year. The occurrence of seven cases in 1965 and five in 1966 led to this review of the available records. A total of 547 cases of human plague with 349 deaths was reported in the continental United States from 1900 to 1966. Epidemics, following episootics in urban rats, account for 432 of the cases with 284 deaths, all prior to 1925. From 1908 to 1966, contact with wild-rodent sources caused an additional 115 caees with 65 deaths. There are 14 references. --Authors' abst. 956 Toxicology in the Emergency Room. S. Schots. Penna. Med. 7U 51-52 (Sept., 1968). The treatment of the poisoning victim regardless of the mode involves four disciplines. It is important that these disciplines be taken up in the following order: (1) The care of the res piratory and circulatory systems. (2) The possible evaluation of poisons which may still be lodged in the stomach. (3) Measures for hastening the elimination of the"poisons. (4) Measures for neutralising the effect of the poisons already absorbed--if this is practical. In any case of serious proportions, a plastic needle or catheter should be rapidly inserted into the saost readily accessible vein and kept open with a suitable intravenous solution. This acts as an avenue for administering whatever is needed in fluid therapy as well as corrective drug therapy. An endotracheal tube with an inflatable cuff inserted prior to passing the stomach tube may be necessary to protect the patient from vomiting and aspirating stomach contents. Substances such as central nervous system depressants which exert their effect in proportion to their concentration in the blood can be removed by vigorous diuresis. As much as 600 cc of fluid may be given per hour as long as the urine volume is within l, 200 cc of the intravenous intake per day. Substances such ae acetylsalicylic acid which in overdose can produce severe acidosis have to be treated by the giving of suitable amounts of a buffering alkali. The only adequate method of handling is the frequent analysis of the arterial blood to assess the patient's needs. Such determinations on anaerobically drawn arterial blood are much preferable to the more commonly performed carbon dioxide combining power. --Coad. from text 13. 132 3882 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 957 pulmonary Emphysema and Cigarette Smoke. Experimental Induction and Use of Broncho- dilators in Rata. H. Ito and D. M. Aviado. | ' *'C ` ' Arch.. Environmental Health _^6, 865-870 (June, 1968). >' :. Rats exposed to cigaracta imoka daily for tan weeks did not develop signs of pulmonary emphysama. Tha rats subjected to experimental ligation of the trachea and intratracheal injection of papain developed signs of pulmonary emphysema'but exposure to cigarette smoke did not uniformly influence the various sign*. Functional residual capacity was not markedly elevated although histological examination showed a higher percentage of air spaces in emphy sematous rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke caused an increase in pulmonary resistance only in the rata with experimental emphysema. The increase in resistance is Interpreted to mean an increase in broncho-motor tone. Isoproterenol injection induces bronchodilatation, more intensely in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. There are 11 references. -- - --Authors' summary 958 Densitometric Analysis of Normal and Emphysematous Lung Tissue. S. C. Clauser and Elinor M. Glauser. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 862-864 (June, 1968). As emphysema is a disease entity which is characterized by overlnflated alveoli and thin fragmented alveolar walls undergoing destructive; change! it was decided to test the postulate that emphysematous lung tissue prepared by normal histological techniques is less optically dense than normal lung tissue. Slides of thin sections of lung tissue were placed on the stage of a photoelectric densitometer. This stage was driven at a constant rate so that the entire width of lung tissue was scanned and the optical density and integrated optical density recorded. Average optical density for normal piglet lung sections was found to be 3.87. while average optical density for emphysematous piglet lung, sections was found to be 2. 94. This differencs is statistically significant. Hence photoelectric densitometry of lung sections will distinguish between normal and emphysematous lung sections. There are 10 references. . --Authors' abst. 959 Annual Cycle in Ventilatory Capacity of Men With Pneumoconiosis and of Normal Subjects. C. B. McKerrow and C. E. Rossltsr. Thorax (London) 23. 340-349 (July. 1968). The forced expiratory volume over 0.75 second (FEV07.)was measured monthly for three " years in 28 working ex-miners with pneumoconiosis and for one yev.- ta 17 normal laboratory workers. A significant annual variation of 0. 044-liter amplitude waks? found in the ex-miners with minimum and maximum values on February 2nd and August 3rd. .respectively, and in normal subjects of about 0.10 liter. Atmospheric dry bvlb tempercfj^s bid a cyclical pattern in phase with that of the ventilatory capacity of the ex-miners but was no strong correla tion between the deviations from these cyclical components. No relation was found with relative and absolute humidify and barometric pressure. Fourteen of the ex-miners had attacks of purulent sputum but thee# attacks did not acutely lower the ventilatory capacity although they . were associated with a (renter snrxial decline in it. .T-hOcyclical Variation,inventilatory capacity may represent an intrinsic biological rhythm. perhaps modified by environmental temperature. --J. Am.. Med. Assn. References k Reviews 960 A Cooperative Study of Certain Measurements of Emphysema. Am. Rev. Rsee. Die. .98. 21.7-228 (Am., 1968). M. Thurlbeck, etal. Forty paper-mounted whole lung sections were examined by 9 observers expert la the pathology of emphysema. There was uride variation Inlnterprotation of the presence or absence of emphysema, the type of emphysema, and the extant and severity of the' disease. This was attributed, in part, to the different techniques used to measure emphysema and the nature of material studied. The major difference was attributed to interobserver variation, particularly of 2 observers who saw large amounts of panlobular emphysema. There was generally a similarity in ordinal ranking. At the present time, similar experiences may be described differently because of differences in interpretation! However, an agreed visual grading system may obviate many of these differences. Two references are given. --Authors' summary - s' : 14 01 132 3863 i Industrial Hvslsns Dtlt __________ ; October. 1968 961 Cellular Effects of Laaar Radiation. Lieht Mlcroacoplc Studio on Injury of tha Mouaa Liver. i G. C. Faith, at al. Arch. Pathol. 86. 262-278 (Sept.. 196?). ^ Burata of ruby laser energy from 23 to 135 joules/eq cmwira di roetad at tha exposed livara of anesthetized mice. Immediately, light gray Lesions appeared that extended hamiapharically ' Into tha paranchyma. At high energies, there was cavitation and extrusion of tissue. Portions! of tha lesions ware fixed, embedded in paraffin or epoxy resin, and examined microscopically.' Calls were distorted, intercellular spaces widened, and staining properties altered. Nuclso- ! plasmic constituents became aggregated, and cytoplasmic components were .often markedly : disarranged. Within the perspective of the literature on photic, thermal, and laser injury, it ; is concluded that a reasonable concept of the pathogenesis of laser-induced necrosis is ons of ; . haat-madiatad denaturation and coagulation of cell proteins, and vaporisation of tissue water, > creating multiple intercellular and intracellular spaces. There are 73 references. ' , --Authors' abst. , I SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS~""1 962 Pulmonary Complications of Burn Patient. C. O. Shook, B. G. MacMillan, and W. A. Altemeier. ' Arch. Surg. 97. 215-224 (Aug., 1968). " '" .' 1 i Pulmonary complications are being seen with increasing frequency as a contributing cause of j death in fatally burned patients. Thirteen burn patients who required continuous positive i pressure ventilation for more than 48 hours were studied. A special mixture was used in the ]. nebuilzatloa fluid in several patients and consisted of heparin, hydrocortisone, and gentamicin. Twelve of the patients disd (92% mortality rate). Lesions found in the lung at autopsy included pneumonia, pulmonary edema, septic infarcts, tracheobronchitis, and atelectasis, Atelectasis , was a frequent finding and was probably due primarily to continuous ventilation with a constant 1 tidal volume without frequent hyperinflation. Hyalin membranes were obeerved microscopically in some patients and were attributed to prolonged use of high oxygen tension in the inspired air.. The recommended therapeutic program for respiratory embarrassment in the burn patient ; includes aseptic management of adequate airway, frequent monitoring of arterial blood gas ; studies; x-rays, and sputum cultures, adequate humidiAcation, nebulisatioa mixture including : heparin, hydrocortisone and gentamicin, and prevention of atelectasis by hyperexpansion of the ; lungs at frequent intervals. . --J. Am. Med. Assn. References fc Reviews i 963 Pseudomonas Vaccine and Hrnorlmmhho Plasma for Burned Patients. I. Feller and C. Pierson: Arch. Surg. 97, 225-229 (Aug., 1968). 1' A Pseudomonas vaccine and human hyperimmune plasma have been prepared and used in 100 severely burned patients with a marked reduction in the Incidence of and mortality from Psoudomona/sopticomia. ' J : --J. Am. Med. Assn. References ! Reviewa '. t -. , *' ' ! ' ; i 964 Jean Henri Fahre and the Patch Tsst. A. Rostenbert, Jr., and L. M. Solomon. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 188-190 (Aug., 1968). . a j : Jean Henri Fabre was a 19th century French entomologist who studied the effects of cater- pillars on *"--* skin. Living in almost total isolation in tha French countryside, unaware of the dermatologist Jadassohn's simultaneous endeavors in a similar area. Fahre independently evolved aa excellent system of epicutaneous patch testing. In his ten-volume treatise. "Las Souvenirs Eatomologiques, "Fabre carefully outlined Us patch test method and described urticarial and lecsematoua contact dermatitis: This paper reviews the largely ignored contri butions to cutaneous allergy made by this ingenious French entomologist 11 years before the concept of allergy was promulgated by von Pirquet. . - --J. Ann. Med. Assn. Raferencss ( Review* ! ; ! 1 ' j , j - 'i 01 132 3861 i i Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 965 Nickel Earlobe Dermatitis. T. L. Watt and R. R. Vaumann. Arch. Dermatol. 98, 1 55-1 58 (Aug.. 1968). Seventeen young women who became allergic to nickel following earlobe piercing procedure* were observed during a 12-month period. All of the women developed drainage, eczematous, pierced lobes after wearing implanted earrings two to four weeks. Ten of them subsequently developed more widespread reactions. Fifteen of the women had signs or symptoms of the atopic diathesis. The nickel earlobe dermatitis is frequently mistaken for a chronic infection of the earlobes. - - J. Am. Med. Assn. References lc Reviews 966 Leprosy in the Toronto Area. A. L. Hudson. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99. 176-179 (July 27, 1968). Leprosy can occur anywhere, and must be considered in the differential diagnoses of chronic skin disorders, to avoid failure to recognize it. A punch biopsy is a simple diagnostic measure and. provided that the pathologist is informed that Hansen's disease is a possibility, is a sine qua non in diagnosis. The treatment period is long and may be accompanied by pussling complications. For this reason it is suggested that the management of leprosy should be in the hands of a physician who has had some experience with the disease. Both the physician and the public should be more aware of the existence of leprosy in areas other than the tropics, and especially in individuals who have lived in areas where the disease is endemic. The stigma attached to the word leprosy might well be avoided if the disease were referred to in all publications as Hansen's disease. There are 6 references. --Author's conclusions 967 Benzoyl Peroxide-Sulfur Lotions. P. Vasarlnsh. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 183-187 (Aug.. 1968). Benzoyl peroxide and sulfur lotions were applied to normal and acne sldn and serial biopsies were studied. Bensoyl peroxide causes dilatation of upper dermal vessels sad perivascular infiltrate, with only minimal epidermal edema. Addition of sulfur increases the epidermal reaction. Despite clinical improvement, no changes of comedones or sebaceous glands were found. The response to a primary irritant is predominantly dermal, la the absence of classical epidermal changes of primary irritant dermatitis, the exfoliation caused by bensoyl peroxide is probably secondary to a variety of dermal and epidermal processes, eg, vasodilatation, increased mitotic rate, defatting of stratum corneum. and the effects of oxidants on disulfide bonds of intercellular bridges or the cement substance. Relief of follicular obstruction is not obtained by direct action on the comedonic plug. The histologically observable effect of benzoyl peroxide and sulfur is maximal at the dermal level, closer to the original site of acne patho genesis. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References k Reviews I CHEMICAL HAZARDS ft I 968 Myocardial Toxicity From Carbon Monoxide Polsonini. R. F. Anderson. D. C. Allensworth. and W. J. deCroot. Ann. Internal Med. 87. 1172-1182 (Dec., 1967). Seven cases are described in two families, emphasising the individual susceptibility to CO and the seriousness ci the resulting myocardial lesion. A family of four was discovered unconscious is their tightly closed bonne; ons unvested natural gas boater and a pilot light were burning. The infant was dead on arrival; COHb saturation of his venous blood was 85%. The father was admitted unconscious but. after oxygen therapy, regained consciousness. Five days later, however, he complained of sudden, severe, substersal pain; ventricular fibrillation ensued, followed by death. Autopsy revealed a mural thrombus In ths left ventricle with coronary embolism. In another family, three women were poisoned while being transported by ambulance for about 6 hr. The cases and their therapy are discussed. Patients poisoned with CO should be observed with serial electrocardiograms. EKG abnormalities are frequent and may occur promptly or after the acute episode has subsided. --A PCA Absts. * 16. Industrial Hvsisne Digest October. 1968 969 Neurological Complications of Carbon Monoxide P6iani| h. Garland and J. Pearce. Quart. J. Mad. 36, 445 (1968). Pour patients suffering from severe accidental carbon monoxide poisoning ara described. Attention ia drawn to the gross and diffuse cortical damage which occurs and to the parietal lobe disturbances, with particular reference to their clinical presentation. In general, the prognosis is favourable, but occasional examples of permanent brain damage are known to occur. The pathology and physiology of CO poisoning are discussed and some of the appro priate literature ia reviewed. '} - ` ' --Can. Med. Assn. J. Abate. | ; i : ! 970 Determination of Fluoride in Bone With the Fluoride Electrode. L. Singer and W. D. Armstrong. Anal. Chem. 40. 613-614 (March. 1968). | Electrodes made from single-crystal sections of rare earth fluoride have been developed to measure fluoride ion activity in solutions. A simple direct method for determination of fluoride . in bone with the .use' of a fluoride ion electrode and a conventional, potassium chloride electrode ! is rapid and accurate. Factors such as pH. ionic strength, temperature, and some other ions must be rigorously controlled in both standard and unknown solutions to obtain meaningful \ , results. The method is applicable also to fluoride in the ash of other normal and pathological , calcifications. - v ; ^; ' --APCA Absts. 971 Hasards of Hydrogen Sulfide. P. D. Halley. 1 Med. Bull. (Std. Oil N.J.) 27. 219-236 (Nov.. 1967). .I The physical properties and physiological effects of HjSare reviewed. Its disagreeable odor <, occurs at low concentrations; at higher levels (500-1000 ppm). It becomes sweet-smelling. : HjS acts as an Irritant to lung tissue in high concentrations, as an irritant to the eyes in low- , level, repeated exposures or In short exposures to, high concentrations, and also produces , respiratory paralysis at levels,of 500-700 ppm> or more. Skin contact is not considered ' significant, although a perforated ear drum can be a route of eignificant exposure. A table ` is provided with representative physiological responses to various levels of Hfi. Immediate j unconsciousness with respiratory arrest and death in a few minutes follows exposure to 1000 5000 ppm. Maximum exposure level for 1 hr. without serious consequences is 170-300 ppm. Sources, concentrations, and actual cases of HjS poisoning la the petroleum industry are cited. It is emphasised that negligence In carrying out safety precautions (use of respiratory protective ! equipment) is not limited to new employees. --APCA Absts. 972 Luns Function Followine Exposure To, and Recovery From. Nltrosen Dioxide. J. T. Davidson. . et al. Israel J. Med. Set. i. 470-474 (May-June. 1967). .* Albino rabbits (6 months to 1 yr. old) were exposed continuously to approximately 8-12 ppm of NO and,tested for pulmonary function after 3-4 months' exposure. During the first 12 weeks of exposure. 50-40% of the test animals died.' Autopsies revealed extensive pulmonary congestion, edema, and bronchial pneumonia. In the 13 survivors, the over-all picture was . 'one of severe airway obstruction with marked hyperinflation and arterial oxygen desaturation (decraosiag significantly to 65 mm Kg). A significant increase in noaelastic resistance of the luags was the most consistent and marked abnormality recorded. Mean resistance inersassd to 1ST cm HfO/1 sec, compared with 37 ia the controls. Static lung compliance was not ,, significantly different, four animals, removed to breathe normal air after respiratory physio logical disturbances were well established (3-4 months), improved or recovered; the main residual abnormality was nonelastic resistance. . . --APCA Absts. 973 The Penal Tubule in Lead Poisoning. I. Mitochondrial Swelling and Aminoaciduria. R. A. Coyer. Lab. Invest. 19. 71-77.(July, 1968).. Rats fed a diet containing lead acetate develop an excessive aminoaciduria within 3.weeks. Electron microscopy of kidneys shows two distinct histologic features, intranuclear inclusions and swelling of mitochondria. These changes are confined to cello of proximal convoluted tubules. The number of inclusloqp lejjjhases with time of ingestion of the lead-containing dijt . .. 17. ,, '. . 01 132 3866 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 Mitochondrial lesions appear maximal after ingeation of the experimental lead diet for approx, imately 10 weeka. [ncreaae in kidney weight, thought to be due to increase in fluid content of cella or "cloudy swelling. " ia poaitlvely correlated with the degree of aminoaciduria auggeating a tranaport defect for water and cationa ae well aa amino acida. Electron microacopy ahowa that the usual elongated, rod-shaped mitochondria of the proximal renal tubule have become oval or rounded and have increased in volume. Cristas may be vesicular, but more often swelling is confined to the inner compartment and the cristas are shortened and marginal. Metrical granules become leas homogeneous and tend to clump. It Is concluded that the severe alterations observed In the mitochondria of proximal tubular lining cella of lead-intoxicated rata reflect an impairment of energy metabolism and are, therefore, an Important factor in the pathogenesis of the observed renal tubular dysfunction. There are 23 references. Author's abst. 974 Pulmonary Surface Tension After Sulfur Dioxide Exposure. L. M. Kahana and M. Aronovitch. Am. Rev. Reap. Ols. 98. 311 -314 (Aug., 1968). The surface tension of lung extracts has been measured with the modified Wilhelmy balance after short, high level exposure of rats to sulfur dioxide. The findings were interpreted aa demonstrating an increase of surfactant activity that might suggest that this increase in sur factant activity has been caused either by increased production of surface-active substance or by some qualitative change in it. Results of an earlier study Is associated with a decrease in lung elastic recoil, and the possibility was conaidsred that such changes might be related to the pathogenesis of emphysema. There are 26 references. --Authors' summary l 975 Adverse Effect of Oxygen on Tracheal Mucus Flow. G. A. Laurenzl, S. Yin, and J. J. Guarneri. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 333-339 (Aug. 15. 1968). The effect of oxygen on tracheal mucus flow was measured in young cats by a particle-transport technic. Any deviation from ambient oxygen tension in the inspired air. high or low, had an adverse effect on mucus flow; 100 per cent oxygen produced marked Impairment. Basal mucus flow was improved, and the adverse oxygen effects were prevented and reversed by epinephrine compounds and adenosine triphosphate. These results, which are interpreted in terms of Inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism by oxygen and the positive effect of catecholamines on this function, suggest a subtle, but potentially dangerous, form of oxygen toxicity. There are 23 references. --Authors' abst. 976 The Effect of Arsenic on Inflammation. O. J. Stone and Carolyn J. Willis. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 801-804 (June, 1968). There is clinical and experimental evidence that aa amount of arsanicais which will not produce lesions on normal slda will markedly increase the severity of a quantitated, induced, bacterial infection. It Is also known that suppression of early inflammation increases the severity of bacterial infections. Aa experimental model is presented ia which arsenic ia. shown to prevent one type of early It is proposed that arsenic damages ensymes of inflammation which are active before the cellular phase occurs. There are IS references. --Authors' abst. 977 Severe Occupational Poisoning With Cadmium Vapors and Subsequent Broncho-Pulmonary Symptoms. F. Heully, at el. Arch. Maladies Profess. 27, 21S-220 (Jan.-Feb.. 1966). French. A case report Is given of a 55-year-old male showing acute pulmonary edema, dypsnea. cyanosis, raised temperature and pulse, and arterial hypotension. Clinical and radiological details are Included. Two days previously he had been cutting steel for an electric furnace, using a propane blowtorch. A study determined that the electric furnace had been used to recover nickel from Nl-Fe electrodes, and that occasionally stray Cd-Fe electrodes were inadvertently Included. In fact, while cutting the steel with his blowtorch, the worker had noted the sheet metal had taken on a sulfur-yellow color and that it produced intense, light yellow flames. It is believed that cadmium was volatilised, although the presence of these other metals is mentioned: iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic. Manganese, known to produce similar symptoms, was presumed to be present in very low quantities. While working, this subject had noted, at firotr ^Tensation of constriction of his throat, then, of his chest, as well as a "salty mouth. " Recovery followed treatment with antibiotics and cardio vascular analeptics. --APCA Absts. 18. 0* 132 3867 Industrial Hvslsne Diqe*t October. 1968 978 Upper Rsspiratorv Tract L*lon* From Chromic Acid Aerosol. l. Hansliaa. et al. Praeovni Lekarstvi l_9, 294-298 (Sept.. 1967). Czech. ! ; Otolaryngological examination of 77 persona exposed to chromic add aaroaol during chroma plating ravaalad: nasal mucosa irritation (47. 75%). atrophy (34.8%), perforation of the septum, (19.3%), atrophy of the nasal skeleton (9.0%), rhinitis sicca anterior (34.8%), and lesions of the sensory epithelium (23.1%). Papillomas of the oral cavity and the larymc were found in 14 persons. They contained 9. 25 ug of chromium and were probably caused by the prolonged ; exposure (6. 6 years average) to high chromium (4 ug/l). Histochemical examinations of , the excised tumors confirmed the diagnosis of papillomas; no marked signs of atypical growth i or malignant degeneration were present. . : --APCA Absts. 979 Thyroid Changes in Cases of Quebec Beer Drinkers' Myocardosis. P. E. Roy, J. L. Bonenfsnt, and L. Turcot. Am. J. Clin,. Pathol. 50 234-239 (Aug., 1968). . J Thyroid changes were found associated with the myocardial lesions in the Quebec epidemic of beer drinkers1 cardiomyopathy. Colloid depletion of the thyroid was the most constant and important finding. The quantity of colloid in the tissue sections was evaluated using a turnerical scanner that measured the density of the staining reaction with Schiff's solution. The cobalt salts added to the beer during the brewing process' and absorbed by the patients in significant amounts may constitute the main etiological factor. Cobalt has been shown in the past to produce similar changes in the thyroid gland., --J. Am. Med. Assn. Referencee It Reviews : ' . : < 1 ' ! 980 Food Poisoning Due to Copper in Morning Tea. P. O. Nicholas. Lancet . 40-42 (July 6, 1968). ' ' J An unusual form of acute food poisoning due to copper sulphate in the water of an unserviced gas hot-water geyser is described. The morning tea brewed with the water caused acute vomiting and diarrhea in 20 workmen. Unless care is tahsa to prevent copper corrosion in water heaters, the amount of copper in drinking water could be raised. Though this contamin ation may not cause symptoms initially, copper ions could be built up in the human body over a long period and be a source of ill health. --J. Am. Med. 'Assn. References It Reviews < , 981 ` Copper. Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Human Blood From 19 Locations in the United States. J. Kubota. V. A. Laser, and F. Loses. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 788-793 (June. 1968). ; ' . " . i Copper (Cu). sine (Zn). cadmium (Cd). and lead (Pb) wore determined in 243 blood samples of male residents of 19 cities in'the continental I United States. The mean Cu and Zn concentrations: of all samples agreed closely with values reported by other Investigators. The means among the 19 locations. however, differed by threefold in Cu and fivefold in Zn. The levels of Cu and l Zn in blood in 17 locations were normally distributed about their means -except in two location*. Unlike Cu and Zn. the concentrations of Cd and Pb varied widely among samples from a given location. There are 20 references. . --Authors'abst. 982 , * Mercury in die Blood and the Excretion in Urine After Exposure to Different Mercury Compounds. K. D. Lungren. A. Swensson, and U. Ulfvarson. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 20. 164-166 (Nov. , 1967). Using neutron activation analysis, the mercury concentration in blood of 7 nonexposed control persons was 6-12 ngm/gm. In a group of persons exposed to methyl mercury vapors.. the mercury content in whole blood was 70-180 ngm/gm. in plasma 3-10 ngm/gm. A group of persons exposed . to metallic mercury vapors had a mercury concentration in whole blood of 12-90 ngm/gm. in : plasma 5-74 ngm/gm. The mercury concentration in urine was hardly increased In the alkyl mercury group but there was a fair increase in tbs metallic mercury group. It is evident that the distribution of mercury la blood is quite different after exposure to different mercurial* j and so is the rate of excretion in urine. The distribution-excretion pattern may be used for diagnostic purposes, but excretion of mercury cannot be used to evaluate exposure to alkyl ; mercury salts. 4 * --APCA Ab*t. ; 19. 01 132 3868 Industrial Hraisn* Digest October. 1968 983 Relationship Bitwtw Environmental Exposure to Mercury and Clinical Observation. P. C. Rentos and E. J. Sellgman. Arch. Environmental Health 16, 794*800 (June. 1968). The problem* of refining metallic mercury a* they relate to the health of the worker are described. The reliability of several methods for assessing the work environment is shown and a relationship between high mercury environment, increased body load of mercury (as evidenced by urinary excretion), and symptoms of mercuriallsm in exposed mill workers is demonstrated. Because of the poor reliability of urine mercury levels In determining impending or early mercury poisoning, several biochemical analyses on blood of mill workers were performed. Support is given to the current threshold limit value (TLV) for mercury. However, the data show that this level contains no more than a safety factor of 2. There are Preferences. --Authors' abst. 984 Gas Chromatography of Nickel Carbonyl in Blood and Breath. F. W. 5undarman, Jr., N. O. Roscel, and R. J. Clark. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 836-843 (June, 1968). A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the detection of nickel carbonyl In blood and breath. Nickel carbonyl has been identified in blood following exposure of rats to nickel carbonyl by inhalation. Nickel carbonyl has also been Identified In breath following administration of nickel carbonyl to rats by intravenous injection. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that nickel carbonyl can pass across the pulmonary alveolus in either direction, without degradation or metabolic alteration. The gas chromatographic method is suggested as a technique for monitoring the concentrations of nickel carbonyl in industrial atmospheres and in the blood of workmen who are accidentally exposed to inhalation of nickel carbonyl. There are 17 references. --Authors' abst. 985 Twenty-Four Cases of Lead Poisoning. Ten Years Later. A. B. Rakow and J. Lisbon. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 785-787 (June, 1968). In this follow-up survey of 24 individuals whose conditions had been diagnosed as lead poisoning ten years ago, it was learned that eight are still working in the same Industry. Two of these are working In an industry with low lead exposure because of their frequent symptoms. Three additional men had returned to their jobs but only stayed a short period. Thirteen have, on advice of their physicians, never returned to their previous occupations and are now working indifferent ones. There are 4 references. --Authors' abst. 986 Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxiclty. IV. Liver and Serum Enayme Activity Durtm the Acute Damaie Phase, B. O. Diaman and I. A. Bernstein. ' Arch. Environmental Health 16. 770-776 (June, 1968). The general impression obtained from review of literature concerning CCI4-lnduced~hepatotaxicity suggests that oao should find a reciprocal relationship between serum ensymes and liver activity. This especially would apply if hepatocytes passively lost ensymes as a result of altered permeability or actual cellular disruption. Hepatocytes damaged by CCI4 may produce ensymo la response to injury. Whether such evolution could arise from de novo synthesis, activation of nascent easyme, overloading of protein degradation pathways, or CC^-induced steric rearrangements cannot be clearly determined. Regardless of the precise mechanism of ensyndc elaboration, an increase in these cellular and serum catalysts could represent a homeostatic rather than retrograde response; glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)- and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)-Induced gluconeogenesis may be a compensatory response to glycogen depletion. Possible compensatory ends met by other cellular enayme increaees are not apparent at this time. There are 18 references. Authors' abst. Industrial Hyrlene October . 1968 987 Acute' Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity. V. Enavmatic Activity and Structural Concomit"a During the Regenerative Phase. B. D. Dinman and I. A. Bernstein. , Arch. Environmental Health U. 777-784 (June, 1968). ,j Serum and hepatic enxyme activity were atudied during the regenerative phase following CCI4- ; Induced liver damage. The structural changes seen in the 36th through 72nd hour postexposure i period were consistent with previous^descriptions of the response. Other investigators have | also noted biochemical concomitants of regeneration during ttts period, ie. increased protein synthesis and mitotic activity! Serum enxymes were found to increase in association with j these regenerative changes. The; increase of serum enxyme was distinctly separable from I prior elevations associated with acute tissue damage. Smaller doses (and possibly lesser i degrees of damage) caused this regenerative peak to appear earlier than with larger CCI4 j. doses. The levels of hepatic glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (COT) and glutamic pyruvic : transaminase (GPT) increased prior to the elevation of serum enxymes at the low CCI4 dose, j but paralleled the serum increase at the higher dose level. There are 9 references. ' '* ' ` " : .. . --Authors1 sbst. ' 988 The Effect of Aerially Applied Malathion on an Urban Population. A. L. Gardner and R. E. Iverson. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 823-826 (June, 1968)1 -; ; During the St. Louis encephalitis epMemic in Corpus Christ!. Tex. , in the fall of 1966. ; malathion was; applied by aerial spraying over the city and outskirts to control the vector , mosquito. A group of119 volunteers who. recsived varying degrees of exposure to this spray ! was studied. This involved comparing prespray and postspray cholinesterase activities and ; compiling histories of exposure and symptoms. A 5% incidence of mild and transient symptoms . such as headache, nausea, and weakness was nbtsd in the exposed volunteers, but thsre were no pathognomonic signs. Thsre was no correlation of symptom frequency or severity with enxyme activity anil no statistically or clinically significant change in enxyme activity related to tims of spraying. It was,concluded that there is negligible risk to human health involved in > ..riU.wlteMn.M Ul.aira. Th". " 1 I IWDPSTaiAL DUSTS I _ i 989 Alveolar Proteinosis. Its Experimental Production in Rodents. P. Gross and R. T. p. deTreville. Areh. Pathol. 86. 255-261 (Sept.. 1968). ` 1 Reprints avallabTe from Industrial Hygiene Foundation. 5231 Centre Ave.. Pittsburgh. Pa 15232.j Rats exposed to very Ugh concentrations of quarts dust developed alveolar proteinosis. This i was associated in some regions with foci of desquamative pneumonitis. In the proteinaceous material, there was much aggregate* silica. Guinea pigs and hamsters exposed in the same chamber slmnltaneoualy with this rats had extensive, desquamative pneumonitis associated with 1 relatively little alveolar proteinosis. With thelapse of time, the proteinaceous material in the I air spaces tended to shrink and become friable and fragmented. Many air spaces became part- j tally emptied of the proteinaceous material, and the regions of Involvement became smaller. | Alveolar proteinosis is considered to consist basically of two simultaneously occurring distur- ; baacest failure of the alveolar clearance mechanism, and excessive production of alveolar macrophages. Perhaps a deficiency or lack of autelytie enxymes in the macrophages may also be involved. There are 9 references. --Authors'abst. j 990 An Unusual Course of Pneumoconiosis in a Welder With Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax (Polish). J. DobrowlaU. at al. Pol. Tyg. Lek. 22. 1814-1815 (Nov. 20. 1967). j | A case of an unusual course of iron pneumoconiosis Is presented. Despite removal of the patient from his work in welding Amies, the disease progressed, leading to almost simultan- sous appearance of spontaneous bilateral, pnaiumothorax. Re-expansion of the left lung was . initiated early. The right lung was collapsed after three weeks of treatment. Right-sided thoracotomy was performed and emphysematous bullae were resected. Histopathologic exam- 1nation of the specimen revealed a fibrous nodule containing numerous dsposits of pigment that gave a positive reaction for Iron. ' -Am. Rev. Reap. Dis. Absts. : j ; j | ! ; 21. 01 132 3870 Irdmtrial Hyslene Dieest October. 1968 991 Wet v. Dry Gee Cleaning in the Steel Industry. H. C. Henechen. J. Air Poll. Control Aeon. _l_8, 338*342 (May. 1968). Deciding whether the gee ehould be cleaned by e "dry" eystern or a "wet" oyatem require* a full consideration of all factors of which the capital cost is only one. Anticipating the various problems which might be expected and designing adequate measures for each calls for major engineering effort, but only then can a best choice be made. The principles which govern the above are illustrated by a typical selection of gas cleaning equipment to be used as part of a BOF steel making installation. Two entirely different gas cleaning systems are presently in BOF service in North America. Both will do an excellent job if properly designed. Either system will cost in excess of $2, 000. 000 and will require careful control and large amounts of electrical power. One system, the dry electrostatic precipitator, requires humidification of the gas; protection against explosions; elaborate electrical controls. Insulators, etc.; and a rugged handling system for the bone dry dust collected. The other system, wet washing with water, is easier to control but uses large quantities of water and electric power. As in the case of the "dry" system, handling the dirt collected is a difficult problem requiring careful study and choice of equipment. In either case the dust may be discarded or reused, but it must be handled with care lest it become an air or stream pollution problem all over again. ` --Author's abst. 992 Submicron Air Pollution and the Use of High Efficiency Filters. D. G. Carly. Heating Ventilating Engr. J. Air Conditioning (London) 41. 219-222 (Nov., 1967). Filter properties of submicron particle filters are discussed, after a description and graphic representation of the particle sises of airborne impurities. The filter structure should permit the accumulation of large dust quantities without excess rise in pressure loss. Since the course of small particles (less than 0. 3 n) across the filter will not be rectilinear, thin increases the probability of their hitting a filter fiber and being retained. Adhesion can be Improved by moistened filter fibers as well as those having electrostatic properties. Controlled acceler ation of the airflow over the normal air velocity range of the filter also increases its efficiency. Capacity and exchange intervals are considerations in the selection of a filter. Exchange inter vals mainly depend on the relationship between filter surface area, air volume, dust particle else, and dust concentration. For a given end resistance the life time of a submicron install ation of the disposable paper cell variety can be nearly squared by doubling its total surface. All submicron filters should be protected by relatively cheap coarse filters to extend their life expectancy. The sodium flame test, developed by the British Standards Institute, is standard for testing high-efficiency filters. It provides a quick and accurate teat basis for comparing the dust removal efficiency of the various makes and types of filters. --APCA Absta. 993 Environmental Control la the Treatment of Allergic Individuals. L. S. Nelson. Lancet 86. (5). 221-225 (May, 1966). Roughing and electrostatic filter types are discussed and several described. ' Electrostatic precipitators can step more than 90% of the microscopic solids afloat in the air. Including bits as small as 0.001*. Dry roughing filters arc 30-95% efficient on particles larger than 5 u. but are costly and most be replaced when loaded with dirt. Efficiency studies on particle removal are of throe typos: the weight method, the dust spot staining method, or the particle count method, evaluation procedures for ultrahigh-efficieney filters and electrostatic precipitators are fairly good, but there are no standards at present for the evaluation of roughing filters, nor is there any agreed standard for the evaluation of pollen or virus efficiencies of filters. Standardisation of air cleaning devices is urgently needed. --APCA Absts. 994 The Prevalence of Coal Workers* Pneumoconiosis. W. K. C. Morgan. Am. Rev. Rssp. Pis. 98. 306-310 (Aug., 1968). A retrospective analysis was made of seven surveys of the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Appalachia. An attempt was made to relate the rank of the coal mined in a particular region to the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the same region. It was concluded that the hypothesis of Hart and Aslett holds true in Appalachia in that the higher the rank of coal mined, the greater tha^chap^s of the disease developing. * ` '*"* * --Author's summary 22. a4 415 38^1 Industrial Hvsione Direst October 1968 995 Asbestosis in Wsstsrn Australia. J. L. Eldar. Mad. 3. Australia 2. 579-583 (Sapt. 23. 1967). 1 '' '. . ,j Thirty-one patianta with asbestosis or asbestosis with allicoala have baan studied at Sir Charles Galrdner Hospital ovar a five-year period. Twenty-eight patianta workad at Wittenoom Gorge and 3 patianta, at an aebaatoa cement worka. Tha diagnosis of aabaatoala waa mado on tha 1 baaia of a hiatory of exposure, results of pulmonary function tasta eharactsristic of the diffusa interstitial fibroses, and compatible roantganographlc changes. From a study of these patients, tha following points emerged. (1) Under work conditions at Wittenoom Gorge in tha 1950's, aj pariod of one and one-half to 12 years' axpoaura was sufficient to produce appreciable disabil-! ity and dsath in 7 patianta whereas at tha cement works, prior to 1956, a pariod of 17 to 27 j years waa necessary to produce disability, with death in only one patient.. (2) Asbestosis j often progresses after cessation of axpoaura. and pulmonary Infection appears to accelerate I this progress. (3), Once roantganographlc changes are obvious, the disease is well advanced i and. as a corollary, a diagnosis of asbestosis on roantganographlc examination of the chest inj early cases is extremely difficult and there is much observer variation, even among experts. (4) la an asbestos worker, a change in vital capacity la some Instances may indicate asbestosis before there is a definite change on the cheat film. As a prophylactic measure, estimation of i the vital capacity before employment and at yearly intervals thsreaftar, in addition to the yearly examination of the chest film, may indicate which workers should move to a less hasardous , industry. (5) Steroids do not appear to play any part la arresting the progress of the disease:: in faet, as infection tends to accelerate fibrosis in the experimental animal, and clinically in j man. steroids are best avoided. In none of the 31 patients studied did calcified pleural plaques or mesothelioma develop, and bronchial carcinoma occurred la only one patient; but these ! . complications would not be expected in the patients at Wittenoom Gorge for another 10 to 20 years. ______ . --Am. Rev. Resp. Dls. Abate.; Editor's Note; See also Abstract No. 912, this issue.. Readers concerned about asbestos j bioeffects will be interested la the program of the Foundation's 3rd Fibrous Oust Seminar j (see Editorial, this issue). ' --R. T._P. deT. ; 996 Dus*aii ini the VlcW^y foment Plants With Respect to Possible Disabilities. Part g. H. J. Eiabrodt. et al. Arch. Hyg. Bakterloi. 151. 211-229 (Aug., 1967). German. j [ Air-borne dust levels in the environment of cement works were measured and their chemical i and miaeraloglcal composition examined. Values of SiOj and AljOj ranged, respectively, ! from 14. 57 and 3.97% at 400 m to 17.29 and 4.20% at 1000 m. Fibrous changes in tha lungs j of the neighboring population are not expected, owing to the very lew quarts content. Prelim- ; Inary examination showed that there was no tacrease in bronchitis in females dwelling near : cement works, compared with those la other living areas. --A PCA Abate. ' r PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1 j 997 Heatstroke Caused by Dehydration ahi* phy^l Effort. E. Sohar. et at. Arch. Internal Mad. 21. 159-161 (AuS.. 1968). , j 1 Heatstroke developed la a young, well-acclimatised man, who. while dehydrated, participated > la streanbua physical exercise of short duration. The clinical picture included coma, convul- ! itoasi excessive body temperature, disturbances la clotting and other easymatlc mechanisms, and acute renal failure.. Therapeutic measures Included rapid cooling under anesthesia (to i avoid convulsions and shivering), maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, transfusions ! of fresh Mood and plasma, and hemodialysis; Three features of this case--continued sweating, short duration of a severe physical effort, and mild ambient temperature--support ths concept j that heatstroke develops whoa excessive body temperature becomes la itself a noxious agent. i damaging the body's tissues. The steep rise in body temperature is due to the inability of the j heat-dissipating mechanism to dissipate excess body heat, either because the mechanism is i damaged or because of overloading of a normal heat-dissipating mechanism. ; - ' --JT. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews ! 4. * - 23. - 01 132 3872 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 998 Standardization of Methoda for Measurement of Air Pollutants. B. E. Saltzman. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. M3. 326-329 (May. 1968). Currently available compilations of methods of air analysis are listed. Collaborative testing is urgently needed to reconcile differences and to demonstrate the accuracy of these methods. The Analytical Methods Evaluation Service of the National Center for Air Pollution Control conducted a survey of the instruments and manual methods of analysis in use. Responses are tabulated from about 80 laboratories, in 28 states and 3 foreign countries. Sulfur dioxide was the most widely measured pollutant. The first collaborative study organised by the Analytical Methods Evaluation Service is described. The purpose was to evaluate the permeation tube technique as a primary standard method for generating known sulfur dioxide concentrations for instrument calibration and methods testing. Although a good beginning has been made, the testing of methods for measuring air pollutants has barely begun. There are 20 references. --Author's abst. 999 New Procedure Checks Vehicle Exhaust Emissions. Anon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2. 13-16 (Jan.. 1968). The N. J. Department of Health awarded a two-year contract to Scott Research Laboratories to develop a rapid low-cost diagnostic test for exhaust emissions from automobilee. It was this project that led to a new test sequence and equipment that takes l min. to complete at a cost of 30 to 40 cents per test. The test procedure gives information on the composition of automobile exhaust emissions. These data, in turn, provide a basis for determining the proper maintenance program needed to reduce vehicle emissions. The test procedure takes only a minute for a complete analysis and gives data equivalent to those obtained from the lengthier (17 min.) existing federal procedure that was used to set federal emission standards for 1968 automobiles. The Scott system employs a set of inertial rolls with a fixed load that serves as external loading to absorb the power output of the automobile. This fixed loading system is inexpensive and requires minimal skill to operate. Yet, data so obtained correlate well with those from the federal procedure. --APCA Absts. 1000 Field Testing Program for Carbon Monoxide. J. D. Rayfield. J. Med. Assn. State Alabama 36. 1494, 1496, 1498-1499, lS02(June. 1967). Two programs are described which are related to public health and CO poisoning: a home - testing program, and a school bus testing program. The first program, which began Feb. 2, 196$. led to teeting of homes after physician referred of a family or persons with symptoms of CO poisoning. All household appliances which could be a source of CO were tested, including hot water heaters, gas ovens, ranges, and space heaters. To date, 223 appliances have been tested, of which 101 were positive for CO. In a follow-up inspection of defective appliances. 93% of the occupants clalnud either complete recovery or marked Improvement. Case historic are described. The unvested space heater was the primary source of CO poisoning in the home Continuous exposure to very low levels of CO in homes is a very definite health hazard. The second test program was initiated after two children arrived at school unconscious; they had been the first to be loaded on the school bus and had been riding about 4S min. Asa result. 191 school buses were tested and CO found in levels from a trace to 800 ppm in 99 buses. Exhaust systems of school buses should be redesigned to obviate possible exhaust leaks into the bus through the emergency door and the floor board. School buses should be examined frequently for possible CO exposure of occupants. --APCA Absts. 1001 Appraisal and Modification of West-Gaske Method for Sulfur Dioxide Determination. N. M. Trieff. et al. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. .18. 329-331 (May. 1968). Reliable results can be obtained by the West-Gaeke method for the determination of SOt if stock solutions of dye arc made from the same dye batch at the same time. Gum arabic enhances significantly the stability of the SOftetrachloromercurate complex only at high 24. Industrial Hyii*n* Di*t___________ : :^ iI October. 1968 1 concentration* of SO* pg/ml). The rate of color decay 1* greater *< that which has been 1 indicated la the literature. The absorbance of the reagent blank rises with time. Error analysis showed the probable relative error of SOt concentration to be a#. 6%. There are 12 reference*. f ,i Authors1 conclusion* 1002 Measurement of Odorous Air Pollutants. T. Lindvall. Nord. Hyg. Tidskr. 47 (2), 41-71 (1966).. Swedish. ~ ,! ` . t Psychometric methods (or the subjective determination of odorous air pollutants are surveyed, with a discussion of the physiological and psychological bases of smell. Since odors are a i problem of environmental hygiene, they are studied at present by the determination of an odor threshold la a series of diluted air samples. Some of the problems involved la such determina 1 tions are mentioned: individual variation, adaptation, background variables, climate, etc. Psychometric methods used, such as stimulus presentation and Indicator response, and the principles of extrapolating supraliminal Intensities.' are discussed, as wall as the different types of olfactometers. Odor thresholds found lh the literature are rarely similar, due to the Inaccuracy of the physical and chemical analytic methods used and to the varying statis tical and sampling techniques employed. Different odors may also interact so that the threshold to the combined smells may .not be merely additive. Annoyance from odors is beat studied by epidemiological methods where the-exposure dose is known.' _ " - --APCA Absts. I PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING H f- 1003 New Hish-Efflclencr Mist Collector. J. W. CoykendaU. E. T. Spencer, and O. H. York. J. Air PoU. Control Asaa. IS. 313-316 (May, 1966). ! I The recently developed York Type P acld mlst scrubber collects phosphoric acid mists and other very fine liquid particulates with very.high efficiency with moderate pressure drop and high throughput. The collector consists of a single vessel containing two stainless steel wire mesh contactors. The collector converts submicron else acid odist Into larger liquid particles j which are collected end separated from the gas stream before being discharged from the collector.' The first commercial unit started operation in July, 1964, and four additional units have since been installed; Collection efficiency is 99.9+% at a pressure drop of 33-44 in water gauge. The j scrubber is compact and haeno moving parts. Collected acid drains by gravity to a receiving i tank. Experimental development work Is described and design parameters such as efficiency. i gas velocity, and pressure drop are discussed. There are 4 references. --Authors' abet. j 1004 Operating Experience With o Flooded Disc Scrubber - A New Variable Throat Orifice Contactor, j A. B. Walksuand K. If. Hell. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. ^3, 319-323 (May, 1966). , On ths basis of both laboratory tests aider controlled cqnditiona and field tests on a variety of | applications, it has been shown that the performance of the flooded disc scrubber, a new variable | throat orifice contactor. Is equivalent la performance to othsir typos of inertial impaction scrub- j boro - as predicted by both the inertial; Impaction and energy Input theories of particulate scrub- | blag. It is tartbor evident, from tha correlation of pilot and full seals scrubber operations on I given tpfUnttnn-ii that there is littui. if any, scale-up factor required in tha application of pilot { scale data to tall scale design. However, in applications where there is a high degrse of varia- tioa la procese conditions. Care,must be taken to execute pilot plant tests over the entire range of the process variables or under .condittqns closely simulating anticipated full scale conditions. j There are 13 references. .. ..... - V --Authors' summary _1 [ 25. ' ' - 01 132 3874 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 I COMMUNITY AIR HYGXEN E I 1005 Estimates of Air Pollution In Great Britain in 1966. A. Parker. Smokeless Air (London) 38 (144), 114-1 1 5 (Winter. 1967). Estimate*, which will be included in the Clean Air Year Book of 1968-69. are tabulated. The total amounts of pollutants discharged from the commercial and industrial consumption of coal and oil were 0. 96 million tons (m. tons) of smoke. 0.6 m. tons of grit and dust, and 6. 38 m. tons of SO]. Prom the domestic and industrial consumption of coke, 0.97 m. tons of smoke. 0. 6 m. tons of grit and dust, and 4. 26 m. tons of SO] were produced. All this pollution is estimated to have emanated from the combustion of 172.1 m. tons of coal. 12. 6 m. tons of coke, and 59. 0 m. tons of oil. Pollutants from the operation of road vehicles, using 11. 322 m. tons of gasoline and 4. 041 m. tons of diesel fuel, are listed: CO (5. 38 m. tons), hydrocarbons (0. 276 m. tons), aldehydes (0. 013 m. tens), oxides of nitrogen (0. 23 m. tons), and SO] (0. 05 tons). --APCA Absts. 1006 Effects of Air-Fuel Stoichiometry on Air Pollutant Emissions From an Oil-Fired Test Furnace. J. H. Wasser. R. P. Hangebrauck, A. J. Schwarts. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 18. 332-337 (May. 1968). This paper describes an experimental, domestic-sised. oil-fired furnace to be used for evaluation of fuel additives and equipment design modifications in reducing air pollutant emissions. Operating data and emissions of particulate matter, smoke, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur are reported over the range of operable air-fuel ratio. Emission levels are interpreted in terms of key operating para meters and potential areas for reduction of emissions. There are 19 references. --Authors' abst. 1007 Injury by Sulfur Dioxide. Hydrogen Fluoride, and Chlorine as Observed and Reflected on Vegetation in the Field. I. J. Hindawi. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. U), 307-312 (May, 1968). Plants were examined at three different locations in the eastern part of the United States to determine whether damage from air pollution had occurred. This *&per discusses sulfur dioxide damage in the metropolitan New York City area; hydrogen . oride damage near a glass fiber manufacturing plant in the midwest; and hydrochloric ac.td mist and chlorine damage from a manufacturing operation in an eastern state. The symptoms that developed in vegeta tion were often found to be similar. Chemical and microscopical analyses were helpful in diagnosing the toxicants. There are 24 references. --Author's abst. 1008 Ultrastructural Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Cells. R. F. Bils. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. IS, 313-314 (May. 1968). - The lungs of exposed mice taken during 2- to 3-hour heavy smog periods (over 0. 4 ppm total oxidants) showed various degrees of cytoplasmic damage in the alveolar epithelial cells. The extent of damage was markedly age-dependent. Alveolar wall cells taken during heavy smog from 5-month-old animals contained slightly more lamellar inclusion bodies than corresponding animals kept in clean air. The cytoplasm of alveolar cells of 9-month-old animals sacrificed during heavy smog was severely disorganised: however, animals of this age showed a marked recovery 14 hours following the smog peak. In a group of older mice (21 months), similar cytoplasmic damage was obvious, and those sacrificed 24 hours after the heavy smog peak showed even more cellular disruption, suggesting irreversible damage in the older animals. The effect of synthetic photochemical smog showed a pattern of ultrastructural alterations similar to that of the heavy natural smog. Some permanent changes occurred la alveolar cells of 15-month-old mice. Partial recovery of lining cells took place, but few wall cells and phagocytes remained. If older lung tissue has relatively fewer wall cells as is indicated, recovery is decreased to the point of permanent damage. Coupled with extensive disruption of lining membranes, exposures of this nature may well cause the death of older animals. There are 9 references. '. --Author's abst. 26. 01 132 3875 industrial Hrsi.n. Dtssst October. WM i 1009 Biological Efi.cts of Urban Air Pollution. V. a Studr of Effects of Loe AnL.. At^.ph.rv oni-Laboratory Rodanta. L. G. Wayne and L. A. Chambara. ', ,, , -------- --------- B------- Arcb. Environmental Health 16. 871-883(June: 1968). ' '" 1 Rodanta exposed to tha ambiant atmosphere 'of Los Angeles throughout thsir lives hava boon atudlad in comparison with animals maintained In smog-filtered atmoaphoraa. in aging inbrad ] mica of certain atraina. thare war an Increased incidence of pulmonary adenoma. In one strain mortality of males (but not females) during tha first year of life was.lacreased. Savora smog episodes caused lungtissue aiterationa at tha uitrastructural laval. especially in mica oldar than 15 months. Severe.episodes produced transient Incraaaaa la pulmonary raslataaca in old gulnaapiga but no damonstrablachronicor cumulative affects on this parameter. In. guinea pigs aenaitixedby prior stress treatment, urinary excretion of 17-katoganlc steroids was enhanced by ambient atmoaphere exposure. After two or three years of axpoaura, rabbits exhibited reduced activity of glutamic oxalacitlc transaminase in blood serum. Thera are 14 refereacest ' ' * V'1'' ! /H-, /. \ - : ~ ' --Authors' abet. 1010 Acuta Effects* of Air Pollutants on the Lunas. P. M. Aviado and H. Salem. : : Arch. Environmental Health 16. 903-90? (Juno, 1968). ';;;. ,.-v.. "* ., ,, '' The Inhalation of chamlcala initiates responses which can be grouped Into four areas: (1). the airways which raapond by bronchoconstrlctlon to initiate the cough reflex; (2) the bron- * chial blood vassals which undergo changes to| reduce abaorption of tha chemical substances via tha bronchial mucosa: (3)the pulmonary blood vaasals which raapond to reduce absorption of tha toxic irritants via the; alveolar capillaries:, and (4) the heart and systemic ysssals which retard the distribution of the chamicnlsubstancs to the vital organs. There are 38 references. ' , ' '.;V '-''i Vi. i ' - ' i --Authors'abst. 1011 How Wsathar Affacts Alr Pollution--And Vice Versa. D. Lofamaa. Pena. H0alth28.(2).12-I4(3ummor. 19671. V The metaorlogical conditionswhich are important to air pollution are discussed: dispersion (lateral. vsrtlcal). wtad spood. and atabtlity. Wharo the temperature of a layer at atmosphere increases laataadof decreasing with height, an Inversion condition exists, and tha air.is vary - stable* capturing air poUutantsbolowthewarmerlayor. When subsiding layers of air become warmerthaa tha layers of air beneath them, aa Inversion, termed a subsidence lavarsion. is formed. Both kinds of inversions can affect air pollutioa. Air poUsMon may also affect the weather by forming condensation nuclei for raindrops, thas leading to increased rainfall, or. if too manycondensation nuclei form,' .the water vapor eondehses into a mist rather than falling as rain, thus causing some droughts. Air pollution, aside from changing air tempera ture by the shialdiag effect of CO may also decrease the amount of sunshine reaching tha earth's surface. ' "-V:, .V /VV,". ' - : . V. 'V-'~ . --APCA Abets. 1012 Recovery of`Heat and _____ Is Trom Kraft rurnace Flue Gasee. I. SfSbah. Paper Trade J. 132. 4 .47 (March 11. 1968). The res.evsry fumace is the prima source of kraftmlll air pollutioa. The mechanism of tha 1 ' releaep of sodium compounds and sulfurbearing malodorous gases is outlined. For-the ra- . ' coveryjSf beat and chemicals from the flue gas leaving the recovary furaace thsre are three systanae la wide usa la North America: tha cascade precipitator system., -the eyelonc-pre- .. : cipitater system, and the vaaturi.avaporator-scrubber system. The operating characteristics aad the advaatages aad diaadvaatagas of these systems are discussed. .. --APCA Abets'. ^ * W 132 387e 27. Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 1013 Air Pollution Problems at a Proposed Merseyside Chemical Fertilizer Plant; A Case Study. R. S. Scorer. Atm. Environ. . 3S-48 (Jan., 1968). Thi* study was undertaken on behalf of Sheila tar Limited in 1966. who planned to build a fertilizer plant on the south side of the Mersey estuary. The chief problems arose from its closeness to the town of Helsby, some of whose houses are on high ground within a mile of the site. There was also the risk of a haze of ammonium compounds of a kind already experienced on Tees-side. From a study of records selected from suitably chosen meteorological office stations and a knowledge of the topography and the behavior of fog and winds in the Merseyside area it was found that in very stable conditions the air drift was away from Helsby and that although the most common wind was from the site toward Helsby this was normally more unstable and fresher than average. The fogs on Merseyside are of a quite different nature from those on Tees*side and no chemical haze problem is expected. The case illustrates the importance of making the correct correlations of meteorological elements because the prime facie implications of long-term averages of individual elements are quite misleading in this case. None of the important problems in this case were soluble by use of dispersion formulae. During the study it became obvious that although there is often a serioue reduction in visibility in the south Merseyside area from distant pollution, domestic pollution in Helsby is the worst problem there. Other major sources are the BICC works in Helsby, Ince Power Station. Stan- low Refinery, and road and rail traffic. The traffic was also a substantial source of noise. The new plant would not be a source as bad as any of these. --A PCA Abets. 1014 The Double Contact Process For Sulfuric Acid Production. W. Moeller and K. Winkler. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. _18, 324-325 (May, 1968). In the usual contact plants 97-98% of the SOj is oxidised to SOj while the remaining 2-3% nonoxidised SO* are emitted. The stack gas generally contains 0. 2-0. 3% by volume SOt. Through changing to the Bayer Double Contact process, the conversion can be raised to 99. 5% or higher. The sulfuric acid can be produced at the same coat as with the single contact method, since the additional capital Investment is compensated by higher yield and throughput (this applies to Germany). Based on equilibrium considerations, the rates of conversion obtainable with the contact and double contact processes are shown. The theoretical results are compared with the values obtained In practical operations. The fundamentals of the process are explained and tbs experience so far accumulated Is dlecueeed. The first double contact plant was started up in March, 1964. By the end of 1966 as many as sixteen double contact plants were in operation and a further tea will go into production during 1967. These plants use sulfur, pyrite. zinc sulfide, or sulfates as raw materials. One reference le given. Authors' abet, 1015 The Diesel Engine and Atmospheric Pollution. H. E. Styles, J. Vrebos. and P. J. Lawthsr. World Health Organ. Chroa. (Geneva) 21, 201-206 (May, 1967). According to this review (based on report WHO/AP/67/28), the actual contribution of the diesel engine to air pollution is a relatively minor one and could be controlled with little difficulty and at small cost by appropriate selection of engine power and by the proper calibration, maintenance, and overhaul of fuel pumps and injectors. No excess of lung cancer or chronic bronchitis has boon demonstrated in groups occupationally exposed to high levels of vehicular exhaust. A usual method of investigation le that involving detailed analysie of materials from engine exhausts under controlled, defined operating conditions. This method should be sup plemented by accurate measurements of the levels of specific pollutants in the ambient air. Motor vehicle exhausts are regarded as very minor sources of atmospheric pollution compared with the inefficient combustion of coal. The odor of diesel exhausts is frequently objectionable, but the chemical nature of the offending substances Is unknown. Diesel engines that emit need less amounts of smoke are either underpowered or overloaded, and in either case are being overfueled. --APCA Abets. 132 3877 28 Industrial Hyiisns Difst- ' ._________ October, 1968 i 1016 Htttrdt in Diesel Smoke. B. P. Sinha and S. Pande. J. Indian Mad. Assn. 49. 330-332 (Oct.. 1967). : j , -' ' ' I Four mongrel dogs wars fad standard msala and subjactad for 15 min. daily to tha combustion products (concentration not estimated) of diasal fual in a wooden chamber for 5*8 weeks or until death. Tha diasal fuel previously had bean sprayed and burned in tha air inside tha ex- : posura chamber. After 2 weeks, they developed anorexia, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, ulcerations, generalised wasting, dullness, tonic and clonic convulsions, smphysema. liver ! changes, and pulmonary edema. Three diedl The results are compared with others reported elsewhere. ;. -APCA Abets. , 1017 Influence of Fuel Properties and Effect of Antismoke Additives on Diesel Ehaiut Smoke. G. McConnell, et al. SAE J. 76. 36-46 (March. 1968). Smoke is the predominant characteristic of diesel exhaust. The effect of a change in fuel cetane number or volatility on smoking is unpredictable. Changing either the mode of operation . or the engine design may bo a belter way to improve smoking in the diesel exhaust. Anti-smoke ; additives on the other hand, particularly barium-treated additives, have reduced diesel smoke significantly. -" - ' --APCA Abate. 1018 Benxofalpyrene in Gasoline Partially Persists in Automobile Exhaust, C. R. Begeman and J. M. Colucci. Science 161. 271 (July 19, 1968). On average 36 percent of the beaso(a)pyrene in an automobile's exhaust gas comes from the benso(a)pyrene originally in the gasoline. Between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of the beasbfa)pyrene in the gasoline survives the combustion process and is recovered from tl exhaust; 5 percent accumulates in the crankcase oil. Some of the benso(a)pyrene in the gasoline is converted into other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other more polar compounds. For our experiments we used commercial gasoline containing benso(a)pyrene at 1. 0 part per million to which was added bonso(a)pyreae-8, 9-**C at 1.1 parts per million as a radioactive tracer. . There are 6 references. --Authors' abst. /> I ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION [ 1019 Mesentery and Bowel Injury From Automotive Seat Belts. C. L. Witte. Ann. Suri. 167. 486 (19681. . In reporting five cases of ruptured intestine and/or laceration of intestinal mesentery caused by acuta frontal deceleration against lap seat belts, U Is suggested that further improvements in the design of seat bolts should bo developed. The impact force in a head-on collision Is estimated at about 2000 pounds, and experimental work shows that the sudden application of 8 pounds raises Internal Jojuaal pressure to 300 mm. Kg. the level beyond which small intes tine ruptures. The small bowel characteristically ruptures on the antimesenteric border in a length-wise direction. - Qastrie and colonic perforations are uncommon. The forward acceler ation of do upper torso with a constrained pelvis may also cause the lap seat belt to act as a fulcrum ter acute flsartoa of the trunk. A shoulder harness may prevent this as well as the facial end head lajurlos caused by the head strlUng the dashboard.. The standard seat belt does heap the victim in the ear and thus undoubtedly reduces the severity of the injuries, but there are injuries attributed to its use. Further modification of seat bolt design is needed. ' _. ' --Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 1020 W rinser Injuries in Children. J. E. Allen. A. R. Beck, and T. C. Jewett. Jr. 387 8Arch. Surg. 97,194-197 (Aug., 1968). ' The majority of the patioate with wringer injuries coma from lower economic groups where this typo of washing machine is usually used and where parental supervision may be less rigid. Friction and compression forces cause a variety of tissue damage. With a uniform program of hospital admission, bulky coitipras.slan^ressings, constant elevation, and dose observation.^ 93% of 11S patients had no Larting^ieqRallae from their injuries. Public education on the hazards of a wringer washing machine, better safety features, and closer supervision of the child would help prevent such injuries. ` ' --J. Am. Msd. Assn. References k Reviews Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 INDEX Accident)*) injury)ies) meaantary and bow*l from saat bait* 1019 wringar, in childran 1020 Air pollutanta acuta effect* on lung* 1010 standardization for measurement 998 Air pollution biological affects of urban 1 009 control at Merseyside fertilizer plant 1013 contact sulfuric acid production 1014 recovery of heat and chemicals from kraft flue gases 1012 from diesel engine 1015 measurement) s) emissions from oil-fired test furnace 1006 in Great Britain in 1966 1005 meteorology effect of weather 1011 ultrastructural effects on lung cells 1 008 vegetation damage in the field 100? Alabama field testing program for carbon monoxide Alcoholism 1000 demineralisation of dorsum sellae 932 Allergy)!**) roughing and electrostatic filters for control 993 Alveolar proteinosis experimental production in rodents 989 Analysts, measurement of air pollutants 998 Arsenic, effect on inflammation 976 Asbestosls, in western Australia 995 Atherosclerosis in person dying violently 941 Australia, asbostosis in western 995 B*nzo(a)pyren*. in exhaust gases Benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions treatment of acne Black bears, trichinosis in Vermont Brucella abortus in cream products Burns pulmonary complications in patients treatment pseudomonas vaccine and hyper-. immune plasma Bursitis, short term treatment of acute 1018 96? 953 934 962 963 933 Cadmium in human blood severe occupational poisoning from electrode fumes Canadian Eskimos glycosuria and diabetes in Cancer lung relation to smoking and fuel consumption 981 977 943 ' 9*4*' * 30. Cancer (Continued! value of six-monthly chest radiographs nasal in woodworkers Carbon monoxide field testing program in Alabama poisoning myocardial toxicity neurological complications Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity acute Cement plants dustfall in vicinity and possible lung damage Chlorine injury to vegetation in the field Chromic acid respiratory tract lesions fromplatlng Coal workers prevalence of pneumoconiosis Cobalt thyroid changes in Quebec beer drinkers Copper in human blood poisoning in morning tea Cream products. Brucella abortus in 949 952 1000 968 969 987 986 996 1007 978 994 979 981 980 934 Dermatitis, dermatosis(es) Fabre. Jean Henri and patch test from nickel implanted earrings treatment benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions Diabetes in Canadian Eskimos mellitus, in old age Diesel effect of antismoke additives on exhaust ~ engine air pollution smoke hazards Drug abusers, characteristics of Dust(s) alveolar proteinosis from quarts collector(s) collection wet vs dry gas cleaning in steel industry in vicinity of cement plants and possible lung damage 964 965 967 943 942 1017 1015 1016 927 989 991 996 Electrostatic precipitator)a) control of allergies Emphysema cooperative study of measurements pulmonary densltometric analysis of lung tissue effect of cigarette smoke 99} 960 958 g*7 01 132 3879 Industrial Hygiene Digest Exhaust tasee, automotive ensine* benxo(a)pyrena content dieset(s) *ir pollution from efface of aatismoke additive la hazards ia amok* new procedure for checking Eye annual review: the leaa and vitreoua reading aide for the partially eighted 1018 I 01 $ 1017 1016 999 928 929 Fabre, Jean Henri, and the patch teat 964 Fertilizer plant air pollution control at Mareeyaide 1013 Filter(a) high efficiency for submicron partielea 992 Fluoride(a) determiaatioa ia boae with fluoride electrode . 970 Food(a) Brucella abortua ia cream producta 934 poiaoniag due to copper ia morning tea 980 Great Britain eatimatioa of air pollution in I960 1005 Haaaen'a dlaeaae (toproay) ia Toronto area Health to meet the nation's need. 1968 Shatruck lecture Heart diaeaaa relation to occupation and education Heatatroke cauaed by dehydration and phyaical effort Hydrogen fluoride injury to vegetation ia the field Hydrogen eulfldo, haaarda of Hyportonaloa licorice effect of induced paeudoaldoateroaiam 966 926 938 997 1007 971 939 940 Insecticides effect of serially applied malathioa oa urban population 988 Kraft flue eases recovery of heat and chemicals 1012 Laser(s), hepatic injury Lead in human blood poisoning 24 cases 10 years later effect oa renal tubule Leprosy (Hansen's dlaeaae) In Toronto area 961 981 985 973 966 ;# October. 1968 Licorice effect on hypertension 939 induced paeudoaldostaronism 940 Lung() acute effects of air pollutants 1010 cytoplasmic activity is Type I pulmon ary epithelial cells 93; ultrastructural effects of air pollution 1008 Malathion effect of aerially applied on urban population Medical crisis in our time Mercury distribution ia blood and urine In humans environmental exposure and clinical observation Metals, ia human blood Misery annual cycle ia ventilatory capacity of men with pneumoconiosis Mist collector, for phosphoric add Mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats Movie projectionists chronic nonspecific respiratory disease ia 988 925 982 983 981 959 1003 954 930 Nickel dermatitis from Implanted earrings Nickel carbonyl gas chromatography ia blood and breath Nitrogen dioxide lung function following exposure and recovery 965 984 972 Odorfe) measurement of air pollutants Oil-fired tost furnace measurement of air pollutants from Ophthalmology annual review* the leas and vitreous reading aids for the partially sighted Oxygon adverse effect on tracheal mucus flow concentration ia teats and incubators ia pediatric practice 1002 1006 928 929 97 5 931 Phosphoric acid mist collector Pigeon fanciers infiltrative lung disease Plague human. InU.S.. 1900-1966 Pneumoconiosis annual cycle ia ventilatory capacity ia men la a welder prevalence of coal workers' Psychiatry characteristics of drug abusers 1003 951 955 95=1 "0 994 927 01 132 3880 Industrial Hygiene Dtseet Pulmonary complication* in burn* patient of mechanical ventilation cytoplaemic activity in Typo I epithelial cell* surface tension after sulfur dioxide exposure 962 937 935 974 Quarts dust, alveolar proteinosis from Quebec thyroid changes in beer drinkers 989 979 Scrubber operating experience with flooded disc 1004 Seat belts, mesentery and bowel injury 1019 Smoking during pregnancy 950 effect( s) nicotine cardiovascular associated with 946 circulatory, of aerosol 944 on emphysema 957 habits of men in industry, and mortality 948 mouth absorption of various compounds 947 Steel industry, wet vs dry sas cleaning 991 Sulfur dioxide determination West-Gaeke method 1001 injury to vegetation in the field 1007 pulmonary surface tension after exposure 974 Sulfuric acid pollution control in contact process 1014 Threshold limit values of air-borne contaminants for 1968 Toronto, leprosy (Hansen's disease! Toxicology, in the emergency room Trichinosis, in Vermont blech bears Tuberculosis natural history of in human body p.lii 966 956 953 936 Vermont, trichinosis in black bears 953 Weather, effect on air pollution Welder unusual course of pneumoconiosis West-Gaeke method for sulfur dioxide determination Woodworkers, nasal cancer ' W ringer injuries la children 1011 990 1001 952 1020 Zinc, in human blood Zoonoses human plague in U.S., 1900-1966 mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats pigeon fanciers lung diseases trichinosis in Vermont black bears 981 955 954 951 953 - V * 32. October, 1968 01 132 3881 Industrial Hygiene Dieet October. 1968 ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Air Em. Air Engineering P. O. Box 6000 Birmingham, Mich. 48012 Am. J. Clin. Pathol. American Journal of Clinical Pathology William* It Wilkin* Co. 428 E. Preston St. Baltimore. Md. 21202 Am. Rev. Reap. Dt*. American Review of Respiratory Dtaeaee* 1790 Broadway New York. N. Y. 10019 Anal. Cham. Analytical Chemiatry 1155 Sixteenth St. Washington. D. C. 20036 Ann. Internal Med. Annal* of internal Medicine 4200 Pine St. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104 Ann. Sun. Annal* of Surgery J. B. Lippincott Co. E. Washington Sq. Philadelphia. Pa. 19109 Arch. Dormatoi. Archives of Dermatology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Environmental Health Archives of EnvirotxnentaiTiealth 53S N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Hti. Baktertol. Archiv fur Hygiene oad Bakterieiogie Urban k Scbwarseaberg Pettenkoferatraree IS Munchea IS. Germany Arch. Internal Med. . A rchivea of Internal Medicine 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Maladies Profeaa. Med. T ravail Securite Sociale Madison Editeur Cle 120 Blvd. St. - Germain Paris 6. France &,, '***' 33. Arch. Ophthalmol. Archives of Ophthalmology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Pathol. Archives of Pathology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Sum. Archives of Surgery 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Atmospheric Environ. Atmospheric Environment Pergamon Pr., Inc. 44-01 21st St. Long Island City. N. Y 11101 Brit. J. Prev. Sec. Msd. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine British Medical Association B. M.A. House, Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England Brit. J. Radiol. British Journal of Radiology 32 Wslbeck St. London, W. 1. England Brit. Msd. J. British Medical Journal Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England Can. Med. Assn. J. Canadian Medical Association Journal 150 St. George St. Toronto 5, Canada . . Chom. Eng. News Chsmical k Engineering News 1155 Slxtsenth St.. N.W. Washington, D. C 20036 CUn. Pharmacol. Thor. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics C. V. MosbyCo. 3207 Washington Blvd. St. Louis. Mo. 63103 Diseases of Chest Amsricea Collegeof Chest physicians 113 E. Chestnut St. Chicago, III. 60611 01 *32 388-2 Industrial Hvrin Diget October. 1968 Environ. Sci. Technol. Environmental Science and Technology American Chemical Society 1 1 55 l 6th St.. N. W. Washington, 0. C. 20036 . Geriatrics 84 S. 10th St. Minneapolis, Minn. 55403 Heating and Ventilating Engineer and Journal of Air Conditioning Technitrade Journals Ltd. 11/13 Southampton Row London, W. C. 1. England Penn. Health Pennsylvania's Health, Dept, of Health Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Harrisburg, Pa. 17120 Penna. Med. Pennsylvania Medicine Pennsylvania Medical Society Taylor Bypass and Erford Road Lemoyne, Pa. 17043 Pol. Tyg. Lek. Polski Tygodnik Lekarski UI. Dluga 38-40 Warszawa. Polska (Poland) Israel J. Med. Sci. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences Weizmann Science Press, Jerusalem, Israel J. Air Poll. Control Assn. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. 15213 J. Am. Med. Assn. Journal of the American Medical Association 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. III. 60610 J. Indian Med. Assn, Journal of the Indian Medical Association 23 Samavaya Mansions - Corporation Place Calcutta 13, India J. Med. Assn. State Alabama Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama 19 S. Jackson St. Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Pracovni Lekar. Pracovni Lekarstvi Po.stovni Novinovy U rad Jindrisska 14, Prague 3. Czech. Quart. J. Med. Quarterly Journal of Medicine Oxford University Press Amen House, Warwick Sq. London, E. C. 4, England S.A.E. Journal Society of Automotive Engiaeere 485 Lexington Ave. New York. N. Y. 10017 Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Medislnsk Fysiologisk Forenings Forlag, Medical Dept. A, Rikshospitalet Oslo, Norge Lancet 7 Adam St., Adelphi London, W. C. 1. England Med. Bull. (Std. Oil N.J.) Medical Bulletin (Standard Oil N. Jersey) 30 Rockefeller Plasa New York. N. Y. 10020 Med. J. Australia Medical Journal of Australia Seamer St., Glebe Sidney, N.S.W.. Australia ' ' New Engl. J. Med. New England Journal of Medicine 10 Shattuck St., Boston. Mass. 02115 Nord. Hyg. Tldskr. Nordisk Hygienisk Tidskrift Box 403, Stockholm, Sweden Paper Trade J. Paper Trade Journal . Lockwood Trade Journal Co., Inc. 49 W. 45th St., New York. N. Y. 10036 Science American Aaeociation for Advancement of Science 1515 Maesachusetts Ave.. N.W. Washington. D.C. 20005 Smokeless Air (London) National Society for Clean Air Field House, Breame Building London, E.C. 4, England Thorax British Medical Association B.M. A. House, Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England World Health Organ. Chron. WHO Chronicle World Health Organisation. Sales Section Geneva, Switzerland Yale J. Biol. Med. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine F 333 Cedar St.. New Haven. Conn. 06511 34. 01 132 3883