Document vVMx8zXmgz8RdOerm99BXn846

References coned: 43 COOPER UC. (1981) Epidemiologic study of vinyl chloride workers: mortality through December 31, 1972. Environ Rich Persnect. 41, 101-106. CREECH JL 4 JOHNSON MN. (1974) Angiosarcoma of liver la the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. J Occup Med. 16. 150-151. DALDERUP LM, FRENI SC, 3RAS G, BRONCKHURST FB. <1976) Angiosarcoma of the liver. Lancet. 246, DOWNS TD, STALLONES RA, FRANKOWSKI RF, LABARTBE OR. (1977) Vinyl chloride, birth defect*, and fetal waetate: a critical review. Report to the Society of Plastic Induatrlee, Inc. (unpublished) DUCK BW, CARTER JT, COOMBES EJ. (1975) Mortality study of workers in a polyvinylchloride production plant. Lancet. 2, 1197-1199. BLINDER CG, PERSHAGEN G. (1978) Pilot study concerning the mortality in Njurunda Community. Swedish Nature Conservancy Board, (cited by Berr, 1981) ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATES (1986) An update of an epidemiological study of vinyl chloride workers 1942-82. Pinal report to the Chemical * Manufacturere Association. Environmental Health Associates, Oakland, California. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (1975) Standard snooort document and envlronmantal Impact atatemant; emlaalon standard for vinyl chlorlda. EPA 450/2-75-009. Envlronmantal Protactloa Agency, Washington. EQUITABLE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (1978) Epidemlolonlcal study of vinyl chlorlda workars; final raport to Manufacturing Chenlsts Association. Equitable Environmental Health, Rockville, Maryland. FALK H, TELLES NC, ISEAK KB, THOMAS LI, POPPER H. (1979) Epidemiology of thorotraat-laducad hepatic anglosercomas. Environ Rea, 18, 65-73. CMA 009694 References contd: 45 LAPLANCHE A, CLAVEL F, CONTASSOT J-C, LANOUZIERE C. (1987) Exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: report on a cohort study. Instltut Gustavo Rouaay (to be published)* LILIS R, ANDERSON H, MILLER A, SELIKOFF I* (1976) Pulmonary changes among vinyl chloride polymerisecion workers. Chest. 2_ (Suppl.), 299-305. LLOYD MH, GAULD S, COPLAND L, SOUTAR CA. (1985) Epidemiological study of lung function of workers at a factory manufacturing polyvinyl chloride. Brit J Industr Med. 41, 328-333. MacMAHON, B. (1977) Vinyl chloride and tnaan reproduction. Report to Chemical Manufacturers Association, (unpublished) MALTONI C, CILIBERTI A. GIANNI L, CH1ECO P. (1974) Vinyl chloride carcinogenesis: current results and perspectives. Med Lav. 65. 421-444. MALTONI C. & LEFEMINI G. (1975) Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride: current results. Ann NT Acad Scl. 246. 195-218. MALTONI C. LEFEMINE C, CILIBERTI A, GOTTI G, CARRETTI D. (1984) Experimental research on vinyl chloride carcinogenesis. Archives * of Research on Industrial Carclnotenesla. Vol. 2. Eds. Maltonl C. & Mehlman MA. Princeton Scientific Publishers, Princeton. MA&STELLS1 BJ, DCLBAOI NR, HOLLER R, GEDICK P. (1975) Cnusual splenouegalie liver disease as evidenced by peritoneoscopy and guided liver biopsy among polyvinyl chloride production workers. Ann NT Acad Scl. 246. 95-134. MARSTELLER HJ, DELBACH UK, HOLLER , JURE 8, LANGE CE, ROHNER HC, VELTMAN G. (1973) Chroniseh-toxlsehe leberschlden bal Arbeitern in der PVC-Produktlon. Ptoch Had Wochenschr, 98, 2311-2314. CMA 009696 References coned: 47 SARIC M, KULCAR Z, ZORICA M, GELIC J. (1976) Malignant tumors of the liver and lungs In an ares with a PVC industry. Environ Hlch Persoect. 17, 189-92. SQUTAR CA. (1980) Epidemiological study of respiratory diseases In workers exposed to polyvinyl chloride dust. Thorax. 35. 644-652. TABERSHAW IR. & GAFFEY WR. (1974) Mortality study of workers in the manufacture of vinyl chloride and Its polymers. J Occup Med. 16, 509-518. THERIAULT G. 4 ALLARD ? (1981) Cancer mortality of a group of Canadian workers exposed to vinylchlorlde monomer. J Occun Med. 23. 671-676. TURNER CA, PAYNE AP 6 BUSHRY BR. (1984) Determination of Ambient Levels of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) around Manufacturers In the UK. Part 7. 1984. Warren Spring Laboratory, Department of Trade and Industry, Stevenage. VIOLA PL, BIGOTT1 A, CAFUTO A. (1971) Oneogenle response of rat skin, lungs, and bones to vinyl chloride. Cancer Res. 31. 516-519. WAXWEILER RJ, STRINGER W, WAGONER JR, JONES J, FALE H, CARTER C. (1976) v Neoplastic risk among workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Ann NT Acad Scl. 271, 40-48. CMA 009698 49 Tabic 2 JfUMBERS OF DEATHS FROM VON-MALIGNANT AND ALL CAUSES: FOUR STUDIES Cause of death USA Obs*/Exp UK Obs/Exp Canada Obs/Exp Benign & other unspecified tumours 4/5.08 Cerebrovascular disease 75/91.93 Ischaenle heart disease 521/597.73 Ocher circulatory disease 157/123.55 Bronchitis** 44/22.83 Pneumonia 16/31.941 Other respiratory disease 15/32.84 J Cirrhosis' of liver 37/56.06 Ocher digestive disease 27/39.52 Disease of ganlto*urlnary systea 11/20.41 Ocher diseases 67/115.68 Suicide 49/52.781 Accidents & ocher violence 130/173.19/ -1 276/288 > 105/141 J 36/44 1 40/61 J 5/5 } -J - 43/76 40/50 25/31.67 6/3.21 +4/3.85 2/5.40 2/10.58 All nott-aallgnant causes All causes 1153/1363.54 1536/1705.27 545/665 780/894 39/54.76 59/71.07 Italy Obs/Exp 0/0.5 19/27.4 3/5.0 4/5.2 3/2.7 2/7.0 1/0.9 4/7.7 36/56.4 66/77.5 * See footnote to Tablo 1 `Emphysema In US data +a Includes 2 certified aa cirrhosis of tha Uver which proved to ba angiosarcoma of liver Includes l causs unknown CMA 009700 51 Table 4 MORTALITY FROM VARIOUS CANCERS IN VINYL CHLORIDE WORKERS IN 49 PLANTS IN 4 STUDIES O e o Sc Source of Information Type of cancer 1,2,3,4 1.2,3,4 1,2,3,4 1,2,4 . 1,2,3,4 2.4 1,2,3 2 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 Cancer of mouth and pharynx " " digestive system (other chan liver) " " respiratory system " lung " " genitourinary system Melanoma Cancer of brain " " thyroid H " lymphatic and haemato poietic system Other cancers All cancers ocher than liver deaths Observed Expected SMR IS 16.57 109 123 154.59 81 223 229.36 97 211 214.09 99 70 62.81 111 2 1.94 - 29 19.54 148 2 0.43 - 57 50.87 112 S3 63.24 131 609 599.35 102 1 US Study 2 UK stud? 3 Canadian study 4 Italian tody' CMA 009702 53 Table 6 MORTALITY FROM LUNG CANCER IN THE US AND UK SERIES BY CHARACTERISTICS RELEVANT TO AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD U O o sb Data characteristic deaths in category l *0bs. Exp. 2 Obs. Exp. SMR category 12 Observed 20 yrs or aore after first employment (1), others (2) Eaployed 10 yrs or eore in USA (1), others in USA (2) Eaployed before 1956 in UK (l), others In UK (2) Ever eaployed as autoclave worker in UK (l)t others in UK (2) 114 113.96 85 93.83 100 91 55 52.43 63 63.44 105 99 52 51.39 29 40.50 101 72 16 17.08 65 74.82 94 87 *See foocnote to Table 1 for observed deaths In USA* CMA 009704 35 Tabic 8 MORTALITY FROM CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNC DISEASE* BY CHARACTERISTICS RELEVANT TO AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD Data characteristic No. of deaths in category 12 Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. SMR category l2 Observed 20 yrs or tsore after first eaploynent in USA (1), others la USA (2) Employed 10 years or aore In USA (1), others in USA (2) Eaployed before 1956 in UK (1), others In UK (2) Ever eaployed as autoclave worker In UK (1), others la UK (2) 30 15.8 11 7.0 190 157 16 10.9 25 12.0 147 208 26 30.17 10 13.60 86 74 3 6.55 33 37.22 46 89 `Described as eaphyseaa la US atudy sad bronchitis la UK study. '''Mon svsr eaployed as a beggar or drier, which would haws esusad cha graatast occupational exposure to PVC dust, experienced l death froa 'bronchitis' against 4,98 expected. CMA 009706