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ROBERT P. CARTER PITTSBURGH OFFICE TO / December 23, 1971 RE: EMERGENCY STANDARD FOR EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS DUST In the Federal Register of Tuesday, December 7, 1971, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, published a notice of the issuance, effective immediately, of an emergency standard for exposure to asbestos dust. A copy is enclosed for those who have not yet seen it. This emergency standard, which will be effective until further notice, establishes lower permissible employee exposure levels than those which had been made effective with the notification in the Federal Register of Friday, August 13, 1971* We are, therefore, notifying all of our operating locations of this emergency standard so that they may take appropriate cognizance of this with respect to any of their operations involving the handling, cutting, fabricating or other work involving the use of asbestos or asbestos-containing products such as the Marinite which is used extensively in our ingot casting operations. Where there is any question about the present levels of worker exposure meeting these emergency standards, the use of appropriate respirators should be instituted. Shown on the attachment are all the respirators which have been approved as of February 1, 1971, by the U.S. Bureau of Mines under their Schedule 21B which is the required type protection as defined in Part 1910.93a, paragraph (c) (2) and (3). A list of approved equipment under Bureau of Mines Schedule 19B as specified in paragraph (4) is also attached. Your attention is also called to paragraph (c) subparagraphs (5) and (6) which require the establishment of a respirator maintenance program and the proper inspection, cleaning, repairing and storing of respirators. It should also be noted that under paragraph (d) cutting or machining operations such as those which are used at many works for the cutting of Marinite or other asbestos products must be provided with local exhaust ventilation and dust collectors in accordance with American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2 - 1971, and also that employees whose exposure results from the spraying of asbestos or the demolition .of pipes, structures or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos shall be provided with respirators of the type C positive pressure supplied-air category approved under Bureau of Mines Schedule 19B. Paragraphs (e), (f) and (g) deal with the mixing of asbestos mortar, grout and plaster, the disposal of asbestos waste, and the cleanup of asbestos dust. For your further information, we are attaching a copy of Volume 3, No. 4, Winter, 1971, of the leaflet "Insulations Hygiene Progress Reports" which contain some very helpful recommendations for minimizing and preventing asbestos dust from becoming airborne in various types of industrial operations. Additional copies of this leaflet may be obtained by contacting directly the source of this publication. l 'c % ?\JV 412259 0205 Industrial Hygienists December 23, 1971 Page 2 If you have any questions concerning this important matter, please do not hesitate to contact us. ROBERT P. CARTER' RPC:lei ' 'I TO: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS cc: T. M. Brown, Pittsburgh - 2 E. C. Collins, Pittsburgh - 21 J. W. DeValt", Pittsburgh - 2 #-= W. B. Garyotis, Pittsburgh - 2 ' H. J. Goodyear, Pittsburgh - 7 O.P. R. D. Pulver, Pittsburgh - 21 V. W. Rieke, Pittsburgh - 2 H. F. Robey, Jr., Pittsburgh - 21 H. C. Sperry, Pittsburgh - 21 G. H. Farrah, EHL, ATC cc (letter only): Safety Directors (d) 3" -v- 412259 0206 RULES AND REGULATIONS 23207 To be a valid assay, the percent column recovery should be 1002 percent. 16) Identity. Proceed as directed In 1141.521 of this chapter, using a 0.5 percent potassium bromide disc prepared as described in paragraph (b) (1) of that requisite to providing for its certification have been compiled with and since not delaying in so providing Is In the public Interest, notice and public procedure anl delayed effective date are not prerequi sites to this promulgation. Signed at Washington, D.C,, this 2d day of December 1971. O. C. Ouenther, Assistant Secretary of labor. [Fit Doc.71--17836 Filed 12-8-71;8:47amj section. <7) Crystallinity. Proceed as directed Effective date. This order shall be ef fective upon publication In the Federal Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety In 1 141.604(a) of this chapter. Reoistee (12-7-71). and Health Administration, De (150g.ll Minocycline liydrocldoride (Bee. E07. 69 Stst. 463, as amended; 31 UJ3.C. partment of Labor capsules. 367) PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY (a) Requirements tor certification-- Dated: November 21,1971. (ll Standards of identify, strength, AND HEALTH STANDARDS quality, and purify. Minocycline hydro chloride capsules are composed of mino H. E. Simmons. Director, Bureau of Drugs. Emergency Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust cycline hydrochloride and one or more [FR Doc.71-17773 Piled 13-S-71;8:46 am) suitable and harmless lubricants and dil uents enclosed In a gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains minocycline hydro chloride equivalent to 100 milligrams of ' minocycline. Its potency is satisfactory if it is not less than 90 percent and not more than 116 percent of the number of milligrams of minocycline that it Is rep resented to contain. Its moisture content is not more than 12 percent. The mino cycline hydrochloride used conforms to the standards prescribed by I lSOg.l(a) (1). (2) Labeling. It shall be labeled In ac cordance with the requirements of J 148.3 of this chapter. (3) Requests for certification; sam- ' pies. In addition to complying with the requirements of 1148J of this chapter, ' each such request shall contain: (1) Results of tests and assays on: (a) The minocycline hydrochloride used In making the batch for potency, safety, moisture, pH, minocycline con tent, identity, and crystallinity. <b> The batch for potency and moisture. Title 29--LABOR Chapter XIII--Bureau of Labor Standards, Department of labor PART 151S--SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust Pursuant to section 4(b) (2) of the Wllllams-Stelger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1692. 29 U.S.C. 653), 11818.65 of Title 29. Code of Federal Regulations, is hereby amended in the manner indicated be low In order to prescribe a new stand ard limiting the exposure of workers to asbestos dust The new standard limit ing the exposure of employees to asbes tos dust Is that adopted under section 6(c) of the Wlliiams-Stcfgvr Occupa tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 and published in the Federal Recxstxb Pursuant to section 6(c) of the Wllliams-Stelger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1598. 29 tJJS.C. 655), Part 1910 of Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (38 FJR. 10468, May 29,1971) is hereby amended in the manner Indicated below In order to pro vide an emergency standard dealing with - the exposure of employees to asbestos'' dust. In light of Increasing Information on the results of exposure of employees to airborne asbestos dust, including recent studies by the National Institute for Oc cupational Safety and Health and others, and recommendations by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACQIH), it is hereby deter mined that (1) exposure under the pres ent standard for asbestos dust in Table 0-3, f 191043, of 12 fibers per milliliter greater than 6 microns in length or 3 million particles per cubic foot of air, which Is derived from an established Fed eral standard promulgated under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act on May 20.1969, constitutes a grave danger to employees exposed to this 8-hour (11) Samples required: on this date. The standard Is hereby de time-weighted average concentration: 1 (a) The minocycline hydrochloride termined to be more effective than that and that (2) an emergency standard Is used In making the batch: 10 packages, presently provided under 11518.55 to necessary to protect employees from this each containing approximately 300 the extent that It prescribes minimum excessive exposure. The National Insti milligrams. levels of exposure to asbestos dust. tute lor Occupational Safety and Health (b) The batch: A minimum of 30 capsules. (b)Tests and methods of assay--(1) Potency. Proceed as directed in 1141.111 of this chapter, preparing the sample tor assay as follows: Place a representa tive number of capsules into a high-speed glass blender jar with sufficient O.lJf hydrochloric add to give a stock solution of convenient concentration containing not less than 160 micrograms of mino cycline per milliliter (estimated). Blend Therefore, by operation of Ecctlon 4(b) concurs that the' proposed change in the (2) of the Act the new standard Issued under section 6(c) supersedes the con asbestos dust standard recommended by the American Conference of Oovemmcn- struction safety standard relating to ex- tal Industrial Hygienists should be the posure to asbestos dust -r. ^ substantial base for the emergency Section 151645 la hereby-smende _ standard. adding a new paragraph (e) thereto: , Action concerning the standard will be amended 11518.56 reads as follows^ commenced,^undeft^>ectlott.'8(b).Jo..thg (1518.55 Cases, vapors, fumes^Wusts, and mists. At. - lmmedlate ftiturn- Anyv-potfor of pro-* posedmlayaklng under section 8(b) wflf give notigeryf the emergency standout ,* * . * . ; '<4 - -^as a proposed role and also, of any Mes (c) Paragraphs (a) and (bT.of.thlaaeoRjtnronrlatosuhiddlar-r proposals which man, for 3 to 6 minutes. Remove an aliquot and-further dilute with O.llf potassium phosphate buffer, pH 44 (solution 4), to the reference concentration of 0.100 microgram of minocycline per milliliter (estimated). tlon do not apply to ^ ?xpostM'ofaggbe requiredmider subparagraphs (6) an? ployees to airborne asbestos dust. WhaSi <7) ot section 6(b) relating to the *- ever any employee.!# exposed to attbdnStf' posureofzemplojeea to toxic substanceaf asbestos dust, the requirements of Part lOjKtlyAmended as follows: 11910.93a of this title shall sgply. L Tnhlff'jyf:'fn11 rnrin ir 11910.03^(36 (2) Moisture. Proceed as directed in 1141402 of this chapter. Data supplied by the manufacturer concerning the subject antfbioUo have Effective Site. This amendment shall by deleting the following: become effecttvMipan publication Federal Regiete*(12-7-71). In tbe^. Asbestos--IS fibers per mllimter 6 mlcrone_A_a_d_e_p_gMi or. gwOTVthqn EWppet (See. 4(b)(3), 84 Stat. IMS. S9 U-SC. esOl `tVemoiltetassayBcU^.. t MppeC.^ SOmg./M' been evaluated. Since the conditions pre Beoretary*a Order No. IS^ri, SS PJL STM) "" -%01O, Katas---- s HDttAl UCISTU, VOL 34, MO. 234--fUpOAV, DtCtMUt 7, lVFt 412259 0207 ' 2.1208 RULES AND REGULATIONS As amended, Table 0-9 reads as be used to meet the exposure limits pre comply with the requirements of these follows: scribed in paragraph (ai of this section. subparagraphs relating to the operations Table O-S--Uimkbal Dust* Where such engineering methods are not Involved. The requirements of this para feasible, or do not otherwise reduce the graph are In addition to those prescribed j Bubiileoce Mppcf Mg/M* concentrations below those prescribed in In paragraph (b) of this section. ' paragraph (a) of this section, respira (2) All hand- or power-operated tools tory protective devices shall be provided which produce asbestos dust such as. but Crystalline: -- Quails (rerplrable)................ and used in accordance with paragraph not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive 203 * tOmg/M* (c) of tliis section. wheels, and drills shall be provided with %8IOt+l %8*0*+t (c)(1) (1) When the limits of ex local exhaust ventilation and dust col ' Quart! (total drat)................. posure to asbestos dust prescribed In lectors In accordance with the American paragraph (a) of this section are ex National Standard Fundamentals Gov Crbfoliollte: Um ]4 the ceeded and when engineering controls erning the Design and Operation of Local Tuiue caIcuIuIaI from Um count or iuuss fanuulae lor niuiU. TtldymUo: Um M the value calculated from the lot* mulee Lit quarts. Amorphous, Including natural dtowuiaccous eurth........... . Silicate* (lees than i% err* ullloe slUca): V Kocpstone.................. Tdc......................................... I'sMll&Jid cement............. flrapMie (lUktUral)............ . Coal dust (rcoiilrdbl* fraction kM li aft *`A, blO>)_______ ... For more than B% SlO*............ required by paragraph (b) of this section Exhaust Systems; ANSI Z9.2--1971. are not feasible or do not otherwise re (3) Employees exposed to the spraying duce the concentration of asbestos dust of asbestos or the demolition of pipes, below those prescribed In paragraph (a) structures, or equipment covered or in 30 30 30 00 Wmc/IP %MO, of tills section, the employer shall re quire the use of respiratory protective devloes. The selection of respiratory protective devices shall be limited to those specified In the remaining subparagraphs of this paragraph (c). (11) The employer shall require that each employee test his respiratory pro sulated with asbestos shall be provided with respiratory protective devices In accordance with paragraph (c)(4) of this section. (e> Asbestos cement, mortar, coatings, grout, and plaster shall be mixed In ' closed bags or other containers. u tective device before each use In order (f) Asbestos waste and scrap shall be to Insure a proper fit according to the collected and disposed of in settled bags or manufacturer's instructions. The em or other containers. ployer shall further provide for effective (g) All cleanup of asbestos dust and Inert or Nuisance Dust: HeapiruM* fraction......... Tolfcl da^t___.............. %SIOH-3 training or supervision of employees In blowing shall be performed by vacuum 16 6mg/M* the testing of respiratory protective de cleaners. No dry sweeping shall be per 60 Umg/M* vices for fit before their use. formed. (2) For an atmosphere containing not 3. Section 1910.12 Is amended by Note: Convention factors-" more than 25 fibers per milliliter greater changing paragraph (a) In order to apply million purtfatal per cubic meter purticks per c.o. than 5 microns in length over at) 8-hour the emergency standard prescribed In the average, or more than 50 flberajjer mllll- new 11910.93a. which Is published In this MUIIons of particles per eabto loot of sir, booed on Impingor Nimpbtf counted by light-field technics. * The purct uhLge of crystalUna dike In the formula Is the amount determined from air-borne samples, ex* ccpt In thou InsUucu* In which other methods have been shown to be applicable. i As deteruilood by the membrane filter method at 430><nhaiie contrast magulfleatkMi. Both couceiitruUon and percent quarts tor the appli cation of this limit ure to be determined from the fraction liter over any period of 15 minutes, a document, to construction work' which Is reusable or single-use filter type respira subject to the Act. The amendment Is tor, operating with negative pressure necessary in light of the rule of regula during the Inhalation phase of breathing, tory construction set forth In 11910.5(c). approved by the UJ3. -Bureau of Mines .As amended, 11910.12 reads as follows: under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B), or a g 1910.12 Construction work. passing e sUc-seloclor with Ihe following characteristics: valvcless respirator providing equivalent (a)(1) Adoption and extension of es protection, shall be used. - tablished safety and health standards (3) For an atmosphere containing not for construction. The standards pre Aerodynamic diameter (unit duuslly sphere) f 4 `2 2.5 r.'. 3.6 Percent passing selector 90 76 60 more than 250 fibers per.mlllllter greater than 5 microns In length over an 8-hour average, or more than 500 fibers per milliliter over any period of 15 minutes, a powered filter positive pressure res scribed by Part 1618 of this title and In effect on April 28, 1971, are adopted as occupational safety or health standards under section 6(a) of the Act and shall apply, according to the provisions f <0 10 26 0 pirator approved by the UJ3. Bureau of thereof, to every employment and place Mines under the provisions of 30 CFR of employment of every employee en *H>e measurements uodor this note refer to the use of an AKC liuiiufii4iL If the respirable (rootkm of eoel Part 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B) chall be used. gaged In construction work. Each em ployer shall protect the employment and dust If d.UrMlmft wIUibMKB theAgurvcorresponding L, (Lai o/ 2.4 M-J.W Iti tbt tablo far *6*1 dust it 4i Mg/M, (4) For an atmosphere containing more than 250 fibers per milliliter places of employment of each of his employees engaged In construction work 2. A new { 1910.93a Is added to Part greater than 5 microns In length over by complying with the appropriate '910. The new i 1910.93a reads as - an 8-hour average a type C positive pres- . standards preecritMd Lff thls paragraph. i cibows: l-._. sure supplied-alr respirator approved by (21--Jhe^sta^Whfi" prescribed In ]910.93u A^Lntofldust. (a) The 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentration of asbestos dust to which employees are exposed shall not exceed S fibers per milliliter greater than S microns in length, as de termined by the membrane* filter method at 400-450 X magnification (4 the U.S. Bureau of Mines under the pro-, of this title shall apply In visions of 30 CFR Part 12 (Bureau of" the 'ease of the exposure, of any em- Mines Schedule 19B) shall be used. . ployee In construction work to airborne (5) Hie employer shall establish a asbestos dust. respirator program in accordance with the requirements of American National * Standard Practice for Respiratory Pro Effective date. These amendments tection Z88.2--1969. shall become effective Immediately upon (6) The respirators provided each em publication In the Fedbuu. Rxaxsm millimeter objective) phase contrast ployee shall be properly Inspecte^^f " Illumination. Concentrations above 6 fibeis per milliliter but, not to exceed 10 libers per milliliter, may be permitted up to a total of 15 minutes in an,hour for up to 5 hours In an 8-hour day. (b) Engineering methods, such as but not limited to, enclosure, vacuum sweep cleaned, repaired and stored. (Ma ______ , PB.O. 66S; 8o (d) (1) When an employer has cm* neams) ployces who are exposed to asbestos dust 6fgne?iiwashlngtant D.C., this 3d exceeding the graph (a) of posure results scribed In the limits prescribed In para this section and the ex- - from the operations de-j, remaining subparagraph* da- y " oy*f December 1OTL ' G.C.Guxnthis, Assistant Secretary of Labor. ing, and local exhaust ventilation, shall of this paragraph (d>, the employer shall fraboc.'rl-iTass vud a-s-tus-.st m| .FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 36, NO. 234--TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7 1*71 412259 0208 RESPIRATORS APPROVED BY THE U.S. BUREAU OF MINES UNDER SCHEDULE 2LB AO R8100 with RlOO filter R8156 with R156 filter R5056 and R6056 with R56 filters Safeline 5550 with 5950 filter 5556 with 5956 filter vft.Vl 5Q71 MSA .ter 10-86431 With Type S filter V/,06' rc RESPIRATORS APPROVED BY THE U.S. BUREAU OF MINES UNDER SCHEDULE 19B Willson GA2H, GAHS, GAHW, TAHW, GA2, GAOy GAF and GAFW Acme 4615t1, 46l6-l, 4654,. 4800, 48l6~and 4860 {Mrd) Q /> MSA "Lead-Foe," "Floici Fltr," and "Hyperflo" A Pulmosan HA-99 &nd AL--180 AO R6099 . . Scott 638ODP Firewel U.S. Divers SurvivAir 90H-02 412259 0209 RESPIRATORS APPROVED BY THE U.S. BUREAU OF MINES UNDER SCHEDULE 2LB AO R8100 with RlOO filter R8156 with RI56 filter R5056 and R6056 with R56 filters Safeline 5550 with 5950 filter 5556 with 5956 filter 5241 with 5971 filter MSA 96000 with 96402 filter 10-864-31 with Type S filter RESPIRATORS APPROVED BY THE U.S. BUREAU OF MINES UNDER SCHEDULE 19B Willson GA2H, GAHS, GAHW, TAHW, GA2, GA8, GAF and GAFW Acme 4615-1, 46l6-l, 4654, 4800, 4810 and 4860 MSA "Lead-Foe," "Flexi-Flo," and "Hyperflo" Palmosan HA-99 and. AL-180 AO R6099 Scott . .638ODP Firewel U.S. Divers SurvivAir 9011-02 02^ Environmental Sciences Laboratory y*NT% 0% of The City University of New York INSULATION HYGIENE PROGRESS REPORTS FROM THE INSULATION INDUSTRY HYGIENE RESEARCH PROGRAM Irving i. MHtoff, M.D., Program Director VoL 3, No. 4 Winter 1971 Dust produced by use of an unventi lated band saw. Without the back.light ing used here, much of the dust would not be visible. Cutting pipe with band saw equipped with high-velocity, low-volume exhaust system. Compare absence of any air borne dust with that shown in uncon trolled cutting (picture left) --Shipyard Procedures Guide- Helps All Insulation Men The Winter 1970 issue of Insulation Hygiene Progress Re ports announced a joint effort by the Insulation Industry Hygiene Research Program, the U.S. Navy, the Department of Labor, and insulation manufacturers and contractors to control shipyard asbestos dust exposures. As part of that effort, Duncan A. Holaday and William B. Reitze of the IIHRP prepared a procedures guide lor shipyard ina~utation application and removal. Because of its relevance to all insulation work, portions of it are given in this issue of Insulation Hygiene Progress Reports. A complete report was presented by the authors at the Inter national Symposium on Safety and Health in Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing^ at Helsinki, Finland, on August 30, 1971. by Duncan A. Holaday and William B. Reitze The general goal in all insulation work should be to maintain a clean environment Measurements of concentrations of asbestos fibers ("dust counts") in the atmosphere can be used to identify sources of contamination and to point out deficiencies in control methods. Primary reliance for control of ex posures, however, must be placed on faithful observance of operating rules. Control of Asbestos-Containing Dusts by Use of Substitute Materials Substitution of materials contain ing reduced proportions of asbestos or no asbestos at all, is becoming more common in ship construction. Before a material is substituted for asbestos, however, two questions must be carefully considered: a. Has the substitute material been tested? If not, it 'may turn out to be of the same or greater hazard than the material of known haz ard. This sort of thing has hap- Here Are Some of Many Ways to Reduce Dust pened in other environmental situations. b. Does the new material meet engi neering specifications and will it perform adequately under condi tions of use? Materials containing reduced amounts of asbestos have been used in the fol lowing applications: a. Blanket and pad filling Substitution of the proper types of other pad fillers not only?reduces asbestos dust during fabri cation and installation but also tends to lessen the problems dur ing subsequent "rip-out". Addi tionally, asbestos cloth which has been treated with a dust suppres sant is available and its use should also be encouraged. There are re ports that much less dust will be produced. b. Pipe covering and block Serious consideration should be given to those products contain ing lower amounts of asbestos fiber. Several British firms have introduced asbestos-free calcium silicate block and pipe covering. To date, however, this material has not been adequately evaluated in the United States to determine how it will perform in use. Reduction of Dust by Changes in Work Methods a. Mixing Asbestos Mortar This operation has usually been done at the job site. While the time spent in mixing is quite short, considerable dust is pro duced. A tested method of control is to mix - the mortar dockside under controlled conditions and package the mixed mortar in sev eral containers for transportation to the job site. Mortar is also available packaged (Continued on second page) 412259 0211 Insulation Hygiene Progress Reports .Vo4. 1 No. 4 Wlnt 1971 Procedures Used at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard from the Insulation Industry Hygiene Re search Program Editor: W. J. Nicholson, Ph.D., Published at the Environmental Sciences Laboratory (Irving J. Selikoff, M.D., Director), Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City Uni versity of New York, New York, N.Y. 10029 Advisory Council of IIHRP Irving J. Selikoff, M.D. Program Director and Chairman E. Cuyler Hammond, Sc.D., Vice President, American Cancer Society, New York, N.Y. Albert Hutchinson, General President, International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers, Washington, D.C. Fred L. Pundsack, Ph.D. Vice Presi dent, Research and Development, Johns-Manville Corporation, New York, N.Y. PURPOSES OF THE INSULATION INDUSTRY HYGIENE RESEARCH PROGRAM (Continued from first pageJ in several sizes of plastic bags which have a spout through which water is introduced. Sufficient wa ter is added to moisten the mor tar; after premixing, the bag is opened and the remaining water added. The carton in which the bag is packaged may serve as a mixing box and waste container. b. Pre-cutting pipe covering and block in the fabrication shop Hand-cutting of pipe covering and block should be kept to an absolute minimum. Bend sections, pipe cover lengths, and blocks, should be cut in the fabrication shop on exhaust-ventilated equip ment. How the Navy Does It At the Puget Sound Naval Ship yard, cut sections are dipped in water and then packed in plastic bags which are labeled to identify the location where they are to be used. The cut sections are still damp and relatively dust-free when they are applied and the plastic bags are available for use in collecting wastes. c. Pre-scoring blocks Insulation blocks should not be scored at the job site. Blocks which have been pre-scored by the manufacturer can be pur chased, or standard blocks can be scored in the fabrication shop by using an exhaust-ventilated ga/ig saw. d. Insulating pipe assemblies in the shop Some pipe assemblies are quite intricate and are troublesome to lag while in place. A satisfactory method of doing these jobs, par ticularly during ship repair, which is employed by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, is to re move the assembly in conveniently sized sections and transport them to the shop. Here the old insula tion is removed, any necessary repair of the pipes performed, and the assembled section re lagged. Relag in the Shop Not only is dust dispersion re duced, but it is much more con venient to re-lag the section in the shop than when it is in place shipboard. Any insulation which is damaged during transport and fitting is repaired after the sec tions are in place. e. Hand-cutting at job sites Some hand-cutting at job sites is unavoidable. However, dispersion of dusts by these operations can be minimized. A portable downdraft table is used by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This table has folding legs so that it can be carried down companionways and set up conveniently to the work. A small industrial vacuum cleaner is the source of exhaust. Scrap is dropped into a plastic bag and a (Continued on third page) 1. To develop, improved methods for minimizing ex posure of insulation workers to dusts and fumes encoun tered in their work. 2. To disseminate knowl edge of these improved methods of dust control wherever they may be ap plied advantageously and to offer cooperation, advice and assistance toward their universal adoption. . High temperature mortar packed in plastic bag. Water is added to bag through spout and mortar moistened before opening. The moistened mortar is removed . as required and mixing completed in shipping container. All wastes are placed In container and sent to disposal at end of shift Procedure used at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for handling bend sections. Sections are cut in fabrication shop, dipped In water and placed in plastic bag. The bag' is then labelled with the job-site description. 4122S9 o212 Dampening fibrous glass blanket filler before cutting. Note lateral draft hood io-wbich fabrication is done. (Continued from second page) dropcloth is placed on the deck under the equipment. /. Fabrication of Pada and Blan kets Pads for valves and machinery should be fabricated in the shop whenever possible. Amosite has been largely replaced by fibrous glass filling with covers of an asbestos cloth which has been treated with dust suppressants. As an effective means for suppressing dust dispersion and collection, the fibrous glass blanket is unrolled, dampened and rerolled. This pro cedure insures that all the blanket will be dampened. The blanket and asbestos cloth shapes are cut in the lateral draft booth. g. Housekeeping and Clean-up Essential parts of a dust control program are housekeeping and clean-up procedures. Meticujous attention must be given to re stricting the spread of dust and larger wastes. Use of a dropcloth under a work area vividly illus trates how much waste, would be distributed over the general area or to lower decks if one were not used.' Areas should be cleaned up at the lunch break and the end of each shift, using an industrial vacuum cleaner to collect dust and small scrap. In all possible instances, work men should clean up their own areas. Where work rules prohibit this, the clean-up crew should be under the direction and super vision of the insulation foreman to insure that proper attention is given to this important subject. Reduction of Dusts by Use of Local Exhaust Ventilation saws for cutting asbestos cement board are well controlled with these systems. a. Ventilation of Large Pouter Tools----Band Saws Extensive use of band saws both in dockside fabrication.shops and, on board larger ships such as aircraft carriers make emissions from band saws a major source of asbestos dust Control devices for such saws have been known for years and are relatively sim- Sle. Conventional low-velocity, igh-volume systems, using a negative pressure baghouse for air cleaning, are practical in a fixed installation fabrication shop. Because some degree of porta bility is desirable in a temporary shipboard fabrication area, a high-velocity, low-volume dust collection unit is desirable for Control of Number of Workmen Exposed a. Scheduling of Insulation Work Standard industrial hygiene prac tices call for insoladng operations which contaminate the atmosphere with toxic materials. Areas where insulation work is being done under conditions in which dust might be created should be iso lated by non-flammable curtains or other means. Whenever possible, work should be scheduled to minimize the numbers of other tradesmen in the area. Ship con struction operations are more readily scheduled than are ship repair or ship-breaking jobs. However, every effort should be made to keep die number of men exposed at a minimum. In par ticular, rip-out of old insulation should always be isolated and, if necessary, performed on an offshift Trained workmen supplied with proper protective equipment - should always be used for rip-out work and it should be scheduled for rapid completion. Personal Protective Equipment In addition to dust suppression and dust control procedures, personal pro tective equipment is often necessary to reduce exposure and limit the spread of contamination. The equip ment described below is used in con trol programs. Portable down-draft table developed by Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for use shipboard, lightweight industrial vac uum cleaner is used as the air mover. Note plastic bag for scrap and dropcloth oh deck. such use; it may also be suitable for fixed installations. The air mover is an industrial vacuum cleaner which pulls about 50 cubic feet of air per minute past the saw blade at velocity of more than 10,000 feet per minute. This system is a very efficient dust col lector. Units such as this can also be designed to control dusts pro duced by table saws and gang saws. a. Protective Clothing Protective clothing is required to keep contamination confined to the work areas. One method is to issue disposable coveralls which can be removed when leaving the (Continued on fourth page) b. Ventilation of Hand Power Tools High-velocity, low-volume collec tion systems control dust emis sions from most small power tools adequately. Saber saws for cut ting pipe covering and rotary Use of dropcloth to contain wastes and facilitate clean-up. 412259 0213 A smalt industrial vacuum cleaner being used by a Local 62 asbestos worker for clean-up. (Continued from third page) work area or some time prior to entering the locker room and - placed in plastic bags for disposal. Resin Impregnated Paper A satisfactory type of protective clothing consists of resin impreg nated paper coveralls. These are inexpensive and readily disposa ble. They prevent spreading con tamination to laundries and elimi nate pilferage. They are worn for one shift, then removed and placed in plastic bags for disposal with other asbestos-containing wastes. b. Respiratory Protective Equip ment Occasionally some operations gen erate so much dust that it is virtually impossible to maintain satisfactory atmospheric concen trations of asbestos libers and respiratory protection must be provided to the workers. A variety of respiratory protective equip ment is available from which devices suitable for various situa tions can be selected. American National Standard Z88.3-1971, Safety Guide for Respiratory Pro tection Against Asbestos-Contain ing Dusts (obtainable from Amer ican National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New Yorlc^ N.Y. 10018) should - be referred to for detailed.Jiiformation. Invisible Dust It is emphasized that unsatisfac tory amounts of respirable dust can be present in the air even though conditions are not visibly dusty. 1. Air-supplied Respirators Extremely dusty jobs, such as ripout of old insulation where dust concentrations are very high, re quire use of air-supplied respi rators which will deliver clean, dust-free air to a facepiece or hood. Two general types are available: air-line and self- Saber saw equipped with high-velocity, low-volume exhaust system. powered. a) Air-line respirators in which air is supplied to a hood, helmet or facepiece give the greatest de gree of protection. Air is fed to the facepiece from a compressed air-line. The air source must be located in an uncontaminated area and if the source is not specifically designed for breathing purposes, a temperature sensing alarm must be installed on the compressor or a carbon mon oxide monitoring device must be installed in the air-line. Disposable Hood Anti-freeze compounds should not be used in the compressor system; water vapor must be removed by dessicant and oil mists removed by a filter. A plastic, disposable hood has been developed, by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for situ ations where a very high degree of protection is required. This hood and other similar ones are available commercially. The air line should be fastened to the hood with a quick-disconnect fitting. Self-powered Respirators b) Air-line respirators connected to a compressed air supply limit movement, and this limitation can be troublesome. Self-powered res pirators do not impose such limi tations, but they do add to the equipment the workman must carry and they also require care ful maintenance. 2. Particulate-filtering Respira tors There are several types of par ticulate-filtering respirators. Those with a half-mask facepiece are considered most suitable for use by insulators. Only those ap proved for protection against as bestos dust by the U. S. Bureau of Mines should be used. These devices are recommended for use in situations where the atmos pheric concentration of asbestos fibers is at relatively low levels. All the recommendations for res pirator-fitting, training of work men and maintenance, detailed in Z88-3-1971 should be followed. a) Reusable particula'e-filter ing respirators A variety of reusable particulate filtering respirators are available. To insure proper fitting, several different makes should be avail able from which the workman can select one. No one model respira tor facepiece will fit all faces. Routine maintenance is absolutely necessary to replace clogged filters and leaking inhalation or exhala tion valves. Unmaintained res pirators produce a false sense of security. Maintenance Troublesome b) Disposable particulate-filter ing respirators Operation of an adequate respira tor maintenance program can be troublesome and, if only a few men are involved, impractical. Disposable respirators are avail able which are designed to be worn for no longer than one shift and then discarded. ; Education and Training No dust control program can be effec tive unless workmen and supervisors understand the hazards associated with the jobs, the sources of the hazards and the reasons for following recommended procedures carefully. Understanding is only obtained by education of personnel and training in correct operating procedures. For an education and training program to be successful, both management and labor must be concerned and partici pate. As with all safety programs, it is essential that first-line supervisors be interested in and cooperate in the work. The harmful effects of neglect of pro cedures for controlling asbestos dust are not apparent for many years. Therefore, it is more difficult to con vince workmen and supervisors of the necessity of following rules for working with insulating materials than if more obvious physical haz ards were involved. Education in hazards associated with use of insulating materials and in struction in correct work practices should be included in apprentice training programs. PHOTO CREDITS: Pg. I, I.I.H.R.P.; pg. 2, Ryder Industries and Puget Sound Naval Shipyards (P.S.N.S.); p. 3, P.S.N.S.; pg. 4, I.LHJLP. and PJS.N.S. 412259 0214