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a ** l v j v , * -'? V /'V1 *' * * ? . '3 #" /'**?" ELECTRIC WORK VEHICLES ea .' >. I- l I- AN ANSWER TO THE NATION'S COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT NEEDS !Mg:e fijjM '`.'>5-?5. *?-"`V ,, .Vc*. :-> L^.s ~ .' ' ..?: LIA13TC3 H> .'4*V-% * *.*r-V- .. V^-C ?:!:,T'% . . ^ _ & DAI i EHY-POWEREP ELECTRIC WCRK VEHICLES: REBIRTH OF A TRANSPORTATION CONCF.P1 ' I VI n ; 11M H ' I L i i . i f c ` < ' n < I ! r 1 ., I /' '. >! lAth. ,| h O'K: M, .< 1 : .. a - ,; < !)' I'rp-M ,;ili Met! li.L, |.< <!: j.,:'. f:.j' < ) 1,-y i ,t'l Ifi'Jo'.lfH*', Av-.<>'' MlnTh ll 'h) to ilMltiuli |l\0 'Many arJvnnlil'J`,S of l*,i!!i*', *.. y */! * r #*rj 1 f ;t<;! )<! v`f j v* Im !* S :!/ .- M*.! II ` > { n < iii hr < I'lfu. Im< ranee Mn* i.iJi* ri;*f! - Ih*M* ,*1 i'fil oi'li'i'i for ini;M* tti.tr, <fi ihr type ' ,:Mr' Pic, C. f IJflMlIc'l ' .'<* } r ) I t I M I ' 1' ' < * , , l"MV -n 'f-A-P mM,P. I., ' i *><'! f.ii'!> L , I m ! 1/ -.M h> ........ . /' 111 -('PM..CC r W- .,-Cc c, P i'm'i.PI im (l-.-J..,, \ 1. \ i.Vcr.i", lit My IMMm .'ib'-w! 1,1.1' Pii-i* :! Me v iTih .!c ,i in OTS N 264.01 BATTERY-POWERED WORK VEHICLE...THE NATION'S FIRST PRODUCTION-LINE el ec t r ic v an This vehicle wtlf bo demons!'an-d during the nox! two years by tho Load Industries Association m major U S nnd Canadian cities. GoUAth will be used to transport p wipe variety of consumer nnd commercial products. SPECIFICATIONS W*igM P>lo*d O*m*n*oo* Ove'*H 0,**tl *u1lH HlyM M Curti wolgHI r'as^n'xif*' Onp``h ' y.nmg LMumwWM Sp*c '<->** Sourr.* Of'.vo 1m>n Co^'oi'o* lOik.'-Q SyUen* V mi'ig*'''! y |1* *We>Q p.n i 1 Hh 31**'0 i uvi <S*ur'j<* IU*ujn f1 tuH <.800 it* (OVYO (J.OOO P>. l.ooo lb* WlM*lb**q 04 V| In 140 In 78 In 97 In 0*>V* **>) onr r*rjr*f I <jptW.K1 fli Pttf* nisi \f)t )*/_> ftfjofs *v*tl*L4f} TO (I 140 . w tl 1 17 v He. luarf ac fH bff*ry IT l'*rVa) 1? v *1 r. ba11ry ?S up OF h don motor tiolnj *`alo tt bUwi DC Chopper *llh Uy p* COfUncUM* U'>y*rmn Aulo Body Work* luMy-enrlotd wulV-ln vaMyp# iM^f h body )if*vy duty h>awiw: *pM y*tam l/iynxmir. braving optional) f)t"C type cn mu i-i TO "Mi'i 4T rrn Or :>0 *Mih 30 mi i`i. 40 mph ?0 nu ot: 10 nipl> t,4/*injaf y cfc/lck- Ot'i' /.'if,.,.. 1 J.Mti li tuOy )t>*uKilui) **! *( 1lt al sybW'Mi iMlth |)fotifC.tod V v>vr** Tn<1j**l motor ttandnel* *(M |>< mol h I tifiuj pi rnanuUr.lufo LIA137G4 ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET - VAST POTENTIAL! Tho many purposes for eturinc delivery vohi< ies have not changed yme (boy w o n # developed more (turn 00 years ago t toi.lnf: work vohu.ies tiu> idea1 Hu bold urban and Intra-city muMHMup. shorf-hnut opoietions Some lypu M rippHcabon;; mr.h/do ftnhv('fy of Mu h iloms as four! deny (noducb !fr<'.<I. pastry and {(O'-eers Qihw uses In< hide j>i< V- up and delivery of dry ('loaning, laundry, mail am! parcels and trauspodinQ radio, television, homo appJmme n.ul olhur service in dustry repairmen, and gas and electric utility service specialists To understand how meekly the oloctric dohv* ory vehicle Industry will expond, bore nro some b/i5ic fnctors that jnfluonco il An electric vehicle survoy comploted by the GtccUlc Vehicle Council (HVC) nnd iho Copper Development Association (COA) determined ihnt 73.0% of fill Irucka in service today are in the Tight (ruck" category ot 10,000 lbs. 01 loss GVW, By using ttio ostimnd'rl )gh! truck popufelion of <r. hmihion trucks by tP7T.a population ot 8H.Q0O <-!*.tnr Pucks by Pint Unu* is projrictnrt Ttu* utility inrtustfy. y/fnr.h purchased ?Qb,57? trucks in 1073. tas ordnind more than 100 batter ypowered vefuctus for use ns work vetuclos in n nationwide program to riotetmirw operating nnd maintenance repuirernonts nnd oloctricol enorgy charnctoHjtica when olor.fitc vehicle* ate In wido* scalo use. GoUAth l Pm first vetilclo in thle pro duction order, iho balance'o( whicty wilt go to 65 utilities who OfO participating in the study protram under the eutpiccs of the Ctectric Vehicle Ciouncil the US Poshil Service n.vi phicrn} an mllml oriHe fo 3!0 eh'f lor v'hu.h*s tor us.* m pick up and dehvi'ry f.ervire Tin* prder was f)lar ert fol lowing si/r.r.evdui tests ot brtttnry-powered voh W'> durmrj a throe year demonstration program at Cupertino. Cahhama, where rarebit nu oid* tn ili'li'iinmi' 1h*' various fuel, mainfeo,e-. ' and labor savings a< hrevi-d t>y using the 1`m pif.s A'hhhonai tests ot elector ally powered <l.-ii.cry vehicles by the US Postal Service are b-a\y earned out to Santa Ana, California, Altontown and Oethlehom. Ponnsylvamo, nnd n suburb o' Lowell, Massachusetts. II It expoctod that addi tional oidors will lollow aflor completion of thes lajla. The U S, Postal Serviro, an ettenllal service organization, has announced that, providing tests ol electric vehicles (or mBil and parcel delivery continue lo be successful, as many as 5,000 could he ordered annually. (The U.S, Postal Servico owns 112,000 dcllvory vohiclos a id it leases an addilional 100,000.) ELECTRIC VEHICLES: LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION, HIGH PRODUCTIVITY Electric vehicles are efficient, economical, and versatile, without polluting Iho atmosphere with lumos and noise. They are drlvon by an elec tric motor that, unlike Internal combustion pow ered vehicles that require direct consumption of critically short polroleum-based enorgy, derive power from a rochargoable storage battery. Technological advances In the powor units ihemselvos, continuing development of low malnU'rance load acid ballorlos and Improvements In electronic control systems will provido Incroased e'hcioncy. higher speeds, and a greater range than over boforo. Electric vehicles aro cheaper to run than In ternal combustion vehicles. Eloctrlcs ore normally charged on low-cost, oil-peak electricity that Is produced at evening and nlghltlmo hours when electric workloads are loss. Their electric motors have only two motal-to-motol moving parts, so wear is negligible, breakdowns aro low and far between and oaslly romodlod, and malnlonanco b'Hs aro oxtremcly low. And Ihoy Iasi longer--as long as eight limes conventional vehicles. Electric toad vehicles carry goods-ond pas sengers They can collect and dellvor. In tact, no other vohlclo is so idool lor multi-stop operations m house-to-house delivery. And Ihoy con tako ihe.r place Iri normal urban Irotllc How without causing inconvenience since their top spoedsup ro 50 mph-nre above those permitted on all city streets. LIA13705 COMPARING ELECTRIC & INTERNAL COMBUSTION VEHICLES: ELECTRICS WIN HANDILY Bofore deciding to rnnko commitments for an oxtonslvo lleot ot oloctrlc moll delivery vohiclos to repioco conventional powered trucks, the U.S. Postal Service conducted an o*ten?ivo test ot the two typos of vohiclos at Cupeitlno, Calif. A 6,000 GVW vehicle that is tho same typo as GoLlAth was used tor daily mall delivery and on tc onginc vehicle average ter approximately the some run was achieved by averaging tho cost per mile of two ooeps. The results proved beyond doubt olmoM throe electrics could be operated ot tho price of one ic engino poworod vehicle. CAtCUtATKO VEHICLE AVCRAGE*, OJRtATtHO, CAUF. HAnOILT EUCTRIC OCT 1, 1072 to APRIL 14. 107? Cnoiflr OM Cnorgy co1 Coi/^i' Mitr* i Jo*t/day 1 '-} fcwhr/mlla l qulvlenl) 1 AV/Vwttc ?V 111 ?7.7f JltF n o v ?; to/1 to ma r c h ?y. to/? f n*yf u*o T< fp C<?f/fn.lq r un 6 f> fTN(t/yjil (5 1 Mwrhf/mi equivalent) 30 7c/gat. L'ltan/riay Cow/(3 iy 1?.4 09 4< r un a? 7 0aiil/gnL 14 / khr/ml. nquivalont) 30 7</yl !>?f 14 4 74.91 TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES: ELECTRIC VERSUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION 11-Passonger Personnel Corrlor Opornllng In Allnnllc Clly, N J. Tolnl Slops per routo--one way ........................ 32 Total Miles por routu--ono way ........................4.2 Total Mlloa por clay ...........................................100 COST OP OPERATION IC/VEHICU Co*l Of Vehicle............ Go*1 ol fuel.......................... Co*I of Main! (labor, part*) . . . YEARLY COST Coat of Vehicle (depredation) 7*yr life--per yr................................................ Coil of Fuel ,06 500 ml/w x 67 ................... ............... Cotl of Maintenance .12 * 500 ml/w x 6? Tola! Coil................. ............. ELECTRIC VEHICLE Coal cf Vehicle Coat o* fuel Gallery (depreciation) 5-yr. iifo--por yr................ ............... Charger (depreciation) 14.yr life--per yr.............................................. Clec. UlMily Coil............................................. Coil of Main!, (labor, parla) YEARLY COST Vehicle Iravell 100 ml, par day, 600 ml/w * 57 Co*t of Vehicle (depredation) 14-yr lift--por yr................ ......... Coil of fuel Galtary ,03 * 600 ml/w x 67 . Charger 007 r 600 ml/w a 57 . Electric 014 % 500 ml/w a 6? Cot of Maintenance .048 a 500 ml/w a ,? Total Col................ ............... . ............... COMPARISON TOTAL COSTS if/Vehicle .............................................................. t metric Vehicle ...................................................... line. Vehicle Saving, Per Yr, . ......................... >7.500 00 .06 p/mile .12 p/mlle . . 11,071.30 .. 1,600.00 3,120,00 . . 16,761-30 612,15100 .03 p/mile .002 p/mlle .014 p/mile .046 p/mlle J 666.00 1,246 00 >3,312.00 >5.761.30 3.312.00 >7,439.30 LIA13706 COMMERCIAL VEHICLE: DIMINISHING LOAD DELIVERY UTILIZING A BAKERY MERCHANDISING VAN TOTAL STOPS--158 TOTAL MILES--35 COST OP OPERATION IC/VEWCLE Coei of Vahid* Coal of fuel COM Ol Vain' (labor. part*} >5.300 00 .06 p/mlle .06 p/mile YEARLY COST Vehicle travals 35 mi per day, 175 mi p/ww Coei of Vehicle (deprecialion) 6-yr. Ill#--per yr. ................... Coet of Fuel .06 a 175 ml/w x 62................................................. Co m of Maintenance m x t78m;/w* 67............................ foul Coet 726 00 11,936.60 ELECTRIC VEHICLE Co*4 of Vehicle............ ............................ Coat of fuel Gallery (deprecialion) 5 >r llle--per yr Charger (depreciation) 16-yr life--per yr.................... Elec. Utility Coal Cott of Melnt (labor, part*) ........................ 19.600 00 03 p/mtle .003 p/mlla .014 p/mlle .032 p/mlle YEARLY COST Vehicle travel* 36 ml. par day. 176 ml. p/wtak Coet of Vehicle (depreciation) 1$-yr life--per yr.................... CoM of fuel Senary .03 x 176 m/w a 52 ... Charter . .003 x 176 m/w x 62 . ............................... j#cf'*c .014 r 175 m/w x 52 Coat of Maintenance 032 x 175 m/w * 57 . Total Co*1 COMPARISON TOTAL COSTS iC/Vehicle Electric Vehlcla........................................................... flee Vahicle Saving. Per Yr.................. 693.79 791.20 >1.31? 60 $1,936 60 1,312.69 t 623.61 (Cotta Oo nol include improvement needed In AC power evpplr and tnatahaUon ol charpar) LIA13707 CAPITAL AND OPERATINQ COST COMPARISON FOR OAIRY PRODUCTS DELIVERY IN ENGLAND INitANAL COMBUSTION C'-4f imtifAnf- t>*p*c*a!lon |f> ft* ) no Miies p c w c c k c o s t s *. coals f bol rO mpg Ma<'Vnar.co citcrmc CP**al Cos) COST PEW Milt; 14,t< lr>syf ancp f)* Deviation ' IJ> yii vehlrl*) ftf b.iilpfyl MO Mlltft PC* WICK COSTS. ihniye lt*cf"oiy COST PEA MILE; |.5< f *6 -VT** L IA1370 8 WHAT ABOUT ELECTRICS AND ENERGY CONSERVATION? The possibility of a proliferation of electric ve hicles ha? raised the question About Iho effect of these electrics on the energy supply. However, studies mado by i nurnbo' of oloctric utility com panies indicato that Iho oloctric vehicles' demand would come primarily during oM*ponk hours and would not significantly Increase tho capacity re quirements ol utilities. With a projected 1990 market of 38-miifron electric automobiles (Federal bower Commission Survey) If only ono-hatt of that market wert? to develop, the annual consumption o4 eieclnc energy for recharging batteries coutd reach about 62-mdhon megawatt-hours a yoat While this electric load woutd bo oqulvnlen! to about 1% o! the total electric enorgy production m 1990, it would probably have lift! effect upon peak demands because most of the vehicles would be in use during normal punk demand pe riods. and tho battunos would be rochnrged dur ing the night when system power demands are low t rAO INOUtiTniFS a s s o c ia t io n 7V,' MAQISON AVI NUt Nt W VOMK. HI W YOU* 10017 BATTRONIC TRUCK CORP. THIRD AND WALNUT 5TS. BOYERTOVN. PENNSYLVANIA MINIVAN Battronic Battery-Powered Vehicle BODY ---- Mounted on 94-1/2" whealbase chassis. Loadepacs dimensions: 71" long x 69-1/2" wide x 63-3/8" high* Overall dimensions: 145" long, 78" wide, 92" high. 160 cu. ft. STANDARD EQUIPMENT -- High strength Multalloy floor, rear end, body eidea, roof end windshield assembly. All parte ere multi-stage chemically cleaned, treated and coated with rlnc-chromate primer before assembly. Second primer coat applied after assembly. Joints arc sealed with non-hardening sealer to eliminate wetsl to metal contact. Roof con*lacing oi two piece panels with crown. A heater and defroster, with loci tank, ia provided. Unit is equipped to meet Federal Safety Standards In effact at time of manufacture to include lighting requirements, two speed electric windshield wipers, windshield washers, safety plate glass windshield, mlrrors and horn. REAR DOCK ----- -- Aluminum, with lock, 46-1/2" opening single door with continuous type hinge. CAB DOORS ----- Sliding type, left and right sides, with sliding sash windows. DRIVERS SEAT - Pedestal type with fore and aft slide, and height adjustment. MIRRORS ----------- Two, exterior. DOME LIGHT -- In driver's area. WINDOWS ----------- Hear door and one each Hide of body. FINISH------- --- Exterior and interior, Cray /.in< -Chruinate Semi-Close. MINIVAN. Hatt ronlc Hat try-Towered Vehicle c i i a s !s s p e c mc a t io n s AXLE----- ------------------ Froni - 2,900 11) h . rapacity. Tread width 60.88". ----------------------- Ke f, r - 1,100 lbs. 1 l y , semi - f 1 oa 11 n#, Hypoid (J*ar, r .'it Ion 3.07 to 1. Tread width 6 1.V- RKAKKS ------------------- Service--Dual braking type master cylinder. Front - 11H x 2" - 90.24 eq, in. effective area Hear - 11" x 2" - 90.24 gq, in. effective area ?arking--Cablt actuated with Oraeheln lever on rear wheela. bJJMFEKS----------------- Straight channel type, front and rear, CONTROLLER ----------- G, E. Reactance type, solid slate, SCR, D.C. chopper type with by-paaa conructors, fused protection for control circuits. Field weakening smooth acceleration switching and automatic current limiting, MOTOR --------------------- G, E, Series wound D.C. traction with thermal protoctJon. External shunt, open n c If-vunlilated, 112 volt, Class Y insulation. Maximum RFM 6,000. FRAME --------------------- high strength truck type. Pressed steel, 2" flange width. Section Modulus 1.82". INSTRUMENTS--------- Speedometer Including odometer. battery charge Indicator. A_hSOKIi_F^RS - Front and rear, telescopic, double acting. SPRINGS, FRONT -- 2-1/2" wide x 37-3/8", h leaf, V5 Ih./fn. rate. ......... " MM*-" 2-1/2" wide x 37-J/H", 6 leaf, S4 5 lb./In. rate. STEER INC--------------- 24 to 1 ratio. TIRES *--------------------- Four 6.70xlS, C load range. TKANSM1_SSHW------- Two rtpeed , Helical ge/us. 1 (o 1 and 1.96 to 1 ratio. engagement( . -ilLILS------------------- Four, stamped disc, five stud. Constant i* AI 1 i IU ES-POWJ'K - Set ol two Jead-.i< Id type. Hating 112 volt. Variable capacity engi neered to vehicle rcqul t emeut . Ouick change feature. ACCESSORY - 12 volt DC--c Ii.ii ged con t I nuous 1 y I mm main batteriea. I'ATCNT NO. 370U028 JANUARY 1873 In the Interest <>} constant product Improvement, halt runic Truck Corp. renorves the right to change specifications, add, alter or deleter components without notice or Incurring oh ] i ga (. 1 oils . AU0U5T - 1873 BATTRONIC TRUCK CORP. DIVISION OF OOYfRTOVN AUTO BODY WORKS MAXIMUM GRADEAIIILITY 5% grade - low range 27 MPH 20% grade - low range 10 MPH 5% grade - high range 29 MPH 20% grade - high range 10 MPH 31.1% grade - low range 5 MPI! PARKING DRAKE DYNAMIC BRAKING Capable of holding the vehicle in either direction on n 30% slope. Capable of holding the vehicle to 30 MPH on a 10% grade for a minimum of 1/2 mile. DUAL MASTER CYLINDER FUNCTION Front brakes only operable. Stopping distance from 20 MPH was less than 31 feet. Rear brakes only operable, stopping distance from 20 MPH was Ic s b than 38 feet. PANIC STOPS Vehicle was stopped within a 10 foot wide lane. From 20 MPH, in less than 17 feet. From 30 MPH, in less than 41 ft. STEERING Safa, positive steering operation. Steering wheel torque at the hub is 14 lb. - ft. maximum when the vehicle is stationury on a flat smooth concreto surface. No tendency to under or over steer in operation. TURNING DIAMETER AUXILIARY 12 VOLT BATTERY Wall to Wall - Less than 39*5 feet in eithor direction. Capable of producing 25 amperes for a minimum of 2 hours at a 12 volt nominal voltage. AUDIBLE NOISE GROUND CLEARANCE BODY INGRESS AND EGRESS BELGIAN BLOCK TEST Noise level in cab - measured on "A" scale. Maximum at 44 MPH in high range - 76 dB. Maximum at 32 MPH in low range - 77 dB. Minimum ground clearance 7^" at spring U-bolts. No part of vehicle drags or contacts road when driven over a crest with a vertical radius of 13 feet or through a depression with a vertical radius of 22 feet or more. Fully enclosed, ventilated, undercoated, adequate visibility. Side door openings 26" wide by 674" high. Adequate Ingress and egress at both driver and passenger door. Rear door opening is 534" high by 46 3/4" wide. All doors operate freely without obstructing ingrsss or egress and are provided with positive latching mechanisms. All doors can be lockod. Vehicle covered a 10 mile Belgian block type course at speeds of 15 to 20 MPH with no failures of any kind. Numerous other tests have been conducted covering water tightness, bumper deflection, performance at 80% discharged batteries, energy econ omy tost etc. and all results are available. MAXIMUM GRADEAniLITY 5% grade - low range 27 MPH 20% grade - low range 10 MPH 5% grade - high range 29 MPH 20% grade - high range 10 MPH 31.1% grade - low range 5 MPH PARKING BRAKE DYNAMIC BRAKING Capable of holding the vjhlcle in either direction on a 30% slope. Capable of holding the vehicle to 30 MPH on a 10% grade for a minimum of 1/2 mile. DUAL MASTER CYLINDER FUNCTION Front brakes only operable. Stopping distance from 20 MPH was lens than 31 feet. Rear brakes only operable, stopping distance from 20 MPH was leas than 38 feet. PANIC STOPS Vehicle was stopped within a 10 foot wide lane. From 20 MPH, in less than 17 feat. From 30 MPH, in less than 41 ft. STEERING Safe, positive oteering operation. Steering wheel torque at the hub Is 14 lb. - ft. maximum when the vehicle Is stationary on a flat smooth concrete surface. No tendency to under or over steer in operation. TURNING DIAMETER AUXILIARY 12 VOLT BATTERY Wall to Wall - Less than 39S feet in either direction. Capable of producing 25 amperes for a minimum of 2 hours at a 12 volt nominal voltage. AUDIBLE NOISE GROUND CLEARANCE BODY INGRESS AND EGRESS BEI.GIAN BLOCK TEST Noise level in cab - measured on "A" scale. Maximum at 44 MPH in high range - 76 dB. Maximum at 32 MPH in low range - 77 dB. Minimum ground clearance 7>|" at spring U-bolts. No part of vehicle drags or contacts road when driven over a crest with a vertical radius of 13 feet or through a depression with a vertical radiua of 22 feet or more. Fully enclosed, ventilated, undercoated, adequate visibility. Side door openings 20" wide by 67lj" high. Adequate ingress and egress at both driver and passenger door. Rear door opening is 53V" high by 46 3/4" wide. All doors operate freely without obstructing ingress or egress and are provided with positive latching mechanisms. All doors can bs locked. Vehicle covered a 10 mile Belgian block type course at speeds of 15 to 20 MPH with no failures of any kind. Numerous other test* have been conducted covering water tightness, bumper deflection, performance at 00% diacharged batteries, energy econ omy test etc. and all results are available. -2- Lty. da L IA13714 ENERGY MARKETING Electrics get key Post Office tests Results to date indicate that electric vehicles can handle the mail One California town moves to fleet testing as Postal Service funds testing programs in other sections of the country I he more than 100.000 US Potlal Scrvice mail-delivery truck* powered by in* ternal-comhustion engine* may even* dually he replaced by fleet* or electric*, at a rate of 5,000 Vvhidet per year. I hal t what could happen if (CM* now f*eing conducted in California. Pcnniyltinu. and Ma*achu*e(li prove that leadand-battery-powered vehicle* can deliver the mail* more cjuietlv, eliKiently. and with far le** energy con sumption titan internal-tombutuon *< liu le* One PiHtal Service official estimate* \\\*\ The initial vehicle-replacement pmgram would begin with about J.)00 t-iditnc vehicle* per year, and then, a* (finJiKtion facilitic* expand-and pro viding the electric vehicle* continue proving them*elvc*~lhe replacement rale could mae*< to aloui 5.000 per year. A* an indication of the Pmlal Ser vice'* veriou* Interest in evaluating the electric-pmial-dclivcry-van concept, it it funding tetb of *uch vehicle* in Cu pertino. near San J*c, in nonhcrn Cali fornia <|:W. Dec 15, 1972. p 7.1); in Santa Ana. iiear Ux Angrlc*. in *outh- ern ('aliform*. in Allentown and Me*H- lehem, f'cnncvlvama. and h i Drwcll. Mauachuiclt* Die toll are aheadv under at ( upcMino, Santa Ana, and Allentown, and they are dated to begin *honl* ai Bethlehem and I,,owcll Die ftvc-ci(> project i* dcogned to te*t variou* type* of vehicle* under vaftou* condition*, and to determine the ability of manu facturer* to produce electric-powered vehicle* (hat will meet the Pmtal Ser vice'* need* li i* cipectrd dial. In lime, a ttandard Pmlal Service electric mail truck will he developed from data gained in the*c (c*t* Alfantown tnt A* pan of the te*t* m Allentown, mail-earner f rank Wrlherhofd i* pilot ing a new. all-eleclnc, iead-actd-hal- Vahfcia* undar taat try f*u*1at Saevna irvlixte flattroevK 1tu<* at AUwntown and (fcHhMtwn. Pa (top tail) th# Ob* |t*ftr*r fVbvwry Vfw I* (torrrMrfly Watr<>ait*H) at Santa Ana (>M (twltwn tall), 1tw> |!#*1ri< IrM/Hartxll ftactrK Vh 1* ( i) mtxU* at Cui*ar1mf>. CaM (top oghtj. ar*! ttva tla<tioiTv>t*or> tr: vafctct# at lowatt. Matt (bnttomriQlit) 1 sp a'.jtanH^n .... .'. W.kl.ahlfrtv- ELECTRIC WORK VEHICLES (U.S.) AVAILABLE AS OF JANUARY 1, 1974 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY (ELECTROMOTION) P.O. BOX 323 BEDFORD, MA 01730 (MR CHARLES MYERS) ELECTRIC VEHICLES, INC. (HARBILT) 150 HARBOR WAY SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94060 (MR. CLIVE ALLEN) OTIS 1601 EAST CHARTER WAY STOCKTON, CA 95204 (MR. JAMES MUNN) b a t t r o n :c --b o y e r t o w n AUTO b o d y BOYERTOWN, PA 19512 (MR. HARRY YODER) L1^137l7 r LIA/'*7 FOR: L-rad Industrie*! Association, Inc. Contact Lcvio E. Gage Phone: (2IP) 679-6020 JiOIJ: FOR RELEASE 10 o xj A . M. Wednesday, January ]0, ] 0Yij FROM: Lieberjnan-Ha rrl r.un, l rr . 880 Third Avenue New York, U, Y. ]0022 Contact: Fred W. Doby Phone: C'V) 751-2820 LEAD ImIaA-* j nl EL ALLv/J xATlOff 1U J)K?40N!i VRATE AI)VAJtTAGEO OF ELECTRIC DELIVERY VEHICLES KHW YORK, H. Y. - Jun. lC, 197** -- A battery-powered vehicle that la the first production model of a modem, multi-etop electrically propelled delivery von to bo made In America, vao Introduced by the I>ead Industrie*! Association (LJA) here thin morning during ceremonies at the Pima Hotel. The van, which fuwi been named GoLIAth by LIA to ctxnmemoratc the fact that iuo electrical power lo supplied by lead acid batteries, will be ucd for an extensive, multi-city program to demorvntrnte the effectiveness of battery-powered deliver vnnu for n wide variety of multiple ntop, uhort-range &ervl*e/>. GoI.lAth van produced by JUittronio Truck Corporatlon, Hoyertovn, Pn. , one of f ou r rltrMdc vrh'o '.< inniiu fur Lure ns producing lead acid baLLory-pervored varn t>e!ng touted for wall pick-up mid delivery by the U. 8. Postal Service in five cl tiro. The flrut of these tenth, which began more than two yearn ago, have proven iu mcceonful that the U. o. Fur.t.u.l Service han announced an order for ' * "f * h c m 1.4 e ry-pove red vehicles. Mr. Loan Crane, Director of Fleet Knh.'tr.r-'vr, * , 0. 0. Fonta] !>rvlce, and principal njxjakur for the OuLIAth Jnt Mclu- t. i rn, tmyu that, providing the '/`O vehicles now on order and thorn* currently undergoing additional tenth continue to prove * herns a 1 v<? i>, " Oif next purchase could be sizable Indeed ... perhapo ) ,00C thlu year am! mm many an 5,000 In 177\*-m He nloo added that the U. 8. Postal Service alone repre sents a potential market for 93/W>0 additional electric vehicles. MA/1`7 -2- In rpeaklng of LIA*s involvement In the GoLIAth project, Philip K. Robinson, Executive Vice President of the Association, tail, "Our goal is to further demonstrate the economic, environmental and energy conservation advantages of load acid battery-powered vans for a vide variety of uses. Lead acid battery- powered vehicles are more economical to operate than vehicles powered by other flcurceo; they use no energy while standing or waiting at traffic signals, and they significantly reduce nolso levels in city streets." Mr. Robinson added that such vehicle!) also have the advantage of being recharged during off-peak or nighttime hours when electric energy demand Is at its lowest. The GoLIAth program Is being supervised by Mr. Connel A. Baker, a nationally recognized authority on the operation of electric industrial vehicles, who has been with LJA since 1963* he reports that the lead acid battery-powered vehicle will first be used for pay telephone coin pick-up serv)**? by Hew York Bell Telephone beginning In late January. The vehicle will then bo used for a variety of pick-up arc! delivery acrvicofl in the New fork metropol 1 tan area by the Linger Cumj>any. After demonstration programs are completed in the New York metropolitan area, pJunG are to engage the GoLIAth vehicle in extensive programs in the Chicago area. The electric van will then be demonstrated at trade shows and used for various short-haul transportation projects in Canada as well aa major cities in the Louth and Eastern U. G. GoLIAth 1 the first of u series of productlon-J Inc electric work vehicle** Uattronlc Truck Corporation !o producing for use In a nationwide battery vehicle demonstration program. Sponsored by the Electric Vehicle Council and c/j electric utility companies, the project will involve more than 100 battery- LIA13720 UA/hf -3 powered delivery vn. Until the U. G. Fonts] Service announced the order for i'jO of tlie electric vane late lnat year, the electric volilcle purchase by the utility companies wa the biggest sucn order In modern tlmeo. The utilities Will use the electric delivery vane for the same purposes aa their conventionally powered vehicles ----- for meter reading, to transport maintenance end repair crews, and to carry pereonnel and cargo ----- while learning what effect their extensive use can be expected to have on off-peek power requlrsmants. ######### A 8 si*10 i I ill ^ X 88 2 8 v -J* c Ox < uo o*P M f-U) 9 b >* to V> ^ 4) Pi 2 *4 O *1 1 8 !p, *0) k 4^ c t -4 fl p< 53 sJ fc J>3* P H > J H B O W* 4/ 4> ^ ct J <H *> r4-^j t s s 1O pcver v e h ic le * fo r a wide v a rie ty o f short-range NEWS RELEASE KOH: l^end Induuiree Association, Inc. Contact: I/ruin E. Gftfto Phone: (PIP) 679-6<X'0 FHQM: Lieborman-Hnrrltton, Jnr. W'O Third Avenue NVv York, i:. Y. iCXv Contact.: Kr^d V. Doby piiotie: Cm;1) rr.>i-p Iip o KEMAHKE dY PHILIP E. HOlilliLOH AT OoLlAth CEREMONY JAN. 16, 1971*, P1.A7J1 HOTEL, H.Y.C. GoLIAth, *1 ' bu'Vu7-]c:'m! electric '> \ '. r' rj truck w. nn; usvo' 1!or I.r^.iy, VM'J become ml ! iu t ,;, m Hi the Mod':! "T" Unit, fl rut rolled out of Henry Ford'is plant In Dearborn, Mich., on July Pj, I'yOj. 'Dint event marked tin) brrglnniup of thr assembly line produced autixsoblle which had ouch a remarkable effect on Uie American life otyle and economy for nearly V> years. Oc, too, could CnLJArh mark the beginning of a new era In Uie world' u economy nnd life style. Developed for multi-stop, short-range pick up and delivery nervine, OoLlAth repretun't 'lie rebirth of the mnsa-producfIon electric vehicle Industry In thin country. W*. believe that energy conn*:rvu11 on offered by these vehicles will help U,e n. achieve Itn goal of bocmlng self-sufficient In energy. To pive you an Idea of Just how nlgnlf leant. a role the electric vehicle Industry will play In the future American economy, the results of a National Power Survey conducted by the Federal Power Commission last year estimated that }H million electric road vehlclcn will be In service by 1990. It would, of con roe, be absurd to suggest that thousands of electric vehicles powered ly lead acid butteries will appear 'he roads 1 imr*"*1 1 a f 1 y We sy.jiect the electric vehicle will find Initial acoep lance rind appl leal. Ion as a Jlpht van for u wide variety of tasks In fleet-type oj-orutl onu, such as the pick up and delivery of mall. Other fleel-tyj>o use of electrics will likely develop In the utility Industry, where thousands of vsn-lype vehicles are used to Install, maintain and service equipment. Jn addition, vans such as OoLlAth are used for floral, dry cleaning, 1 aundi-y, bakery and dairy deliveries. These are norne of the aervlc*.i, CoMAth will be demons trait law In ma.lor U. b. find Canadian Lead Industries Association, Inc. 202 Madison Avenue. New York, N.Y. 10017 cities this year ao part of our program to Illustrate the specific services electrics can perform. Proof that electrics can perform some of the same short-haul, multiple stop, pick up and delivery tasks now performed by conventional vehicles is demonstrated by the U. S. Postal Service, now In the proccoo of building ltn own fleet of electrics for trail and parcel delivery service. Its fleet of electrics was ordered upon completion of the first of a series of multi-city demonstration programs, and providing the remaining programs also prove successful, It Is expected that e large part of the postal delivery fleet of the future will be electrics. Mr. Donn Crone, Director Fleet Management Services, U. 8, Postal 8ervlcos, will discuss this subject In detail later this morning. Besides these efforts by the U. S. Postal 8crvlce, the electric utility Industry has purchased more than 100 units to learn what Impact electric vehicle fleet operations will have regarding electricity requirements for battery recharging. The utilities also will determine which of the various tasks now performed by conventional Internal combustion vehicles can be accomplished more economically with electrics. In addition, prototype electrics similar to these produced fur ti.e 1). G. Postal Service's test and demonatratl on program are also being used to develop operating performance data for a variety of other Jobs. These Include personnel transportation and pick up and del ivory of bakery products. Impressive electric vehicle developments have aloo been taking place In England and In Europe. For example, In England, thousands of electrics are already in special operatlona, such as the delivery of food and dairy producta. By now, most of you are probably asking two questions concerning the electric vehicle market: (1) Where is the electric energy caning from to recharge the lead acid batteries? (?) Where lo the additional 1 ead coming from that will be necessary to produce the additional lead acid batteries required by the millions when electrics are maos produced? To answer the last question first, there already exists a huge lead acid battery market. For example, batteries for starting, lighting and ignition -or SLI -- continued to show substantial growth last year, reaching a record total of 53 million units. The single most outstanding factor concerning the record production of batteries In 1972 is the fact that they were primarily produced from recycled lead, most of which was obtained fran ocrapped batteries. For example, more than 610,000 short tons of lead were recycled In 1972, a 2.2$ increase over 1971- Bcrop batteries accounted for 63$ of that. It is therefore obvious that the continued recycling of lead, when added to the domestic mine production that currently stands at well over 600,000 tons, will assure a con tinued supply of lead for batteries as the need arises. Answering the question concerning the availability of electricity to reehargo batteries, the first point to be stressed In t.he fact that moet battery recharging is done during nighttime, off-peak hours. Also of Importance Is the fact that even with only one-half of the projected IV'yO market of 3^ million electric vehicles, the annual consumption of electric energy for recharging batteries would be about 63 million megawatt hours. This figure represents only ubout 1$ of the total electric energy production projected for 1790. And now, a brief rundown on GoLlAth: The J h - In.-1 ong, 70-ln,-wide, 92-in.-high van can carry a half-ton payload and It Is the first of more limn 100 electric work vehicles being produced no ]>art of a demonstration pregram sponsored by the Electric Vehicle Council. The van was produced by Uattrnnlc Truck Corp., Doyerlown, I'a., and it Hi very similar tn the typ" of vehicle being used by the U. b. Postal Service for mall delivery. The remaining clectrlco have been purchased by 55 electric utilities around the country for such tusks us meter reading, und transporting maintenance ond repair spec la 11sto. L1A/51* U Those electrics also vlll carry peraonnel and parcels while careful record* will be Kept of tho amount of electric energy they require. In thl* manner, the utilities will be able to determine future energy requirement* for electric*. The QoLIAth-type vehicle* are powered with 112-volt lead acid batterla* and they have a maximum range of 68 ml. at 20 mph and a minimum range of 20 ml. at 50 mph. *********** LIA/5'< 1/16M L IA 1 3 7 26 asl : Wvdnvudnv. Januar v JA'i REPORT ON U. a. POSTAI. SERVICE EXPERIENCE WITH ELECTRIC VEHICLES By Donn P. Crane Director, Office of Fleet Management U. S. Postal Service Washington, D.C. ttt-i - Thank you, Mr. chairman, honored guests, ladies and gentlemen. It in a real pleasure to speak with you this afternoon on the occasion of the unveiling of the rebirth of an old transportation idea in a now production line mode) . Our nation owes l tn greatnosa in large measure to our trans- jiortation system - our very great mobility. Now,no you all know, wo are m the midHt of a grave emergency - one that demands new ideas and new engineering if we are to retain that mobility and that greatness. You people of the Load industries Association will be, I am convinced, in the forefront in the development of those now idoas and engineering. L't me till you at the outset that I am not an electrical engineer. I have only a mushing acquaintance with electric vehicles. but I am a vehicle operations man with over twenty five yearn in tho automotive Lueinecs. El rat. in the privato sector - both in tho dealerships and with the manufacturers; and then, with the Postal Service for nineteen years. Eirst. in its Washington region,and then, in the headquarters office Whore I am now in chaigo of Postal vehicles for our delivery department.. The Office ol E li-et Management, winch I hood, is responsible for the policies governing vehicle maintenance, vehicle operations and our Postal ojxrrot.ed i rdhH[jrt mu vices. con t. i nued . At introduction of GoLIAth, the first production model of a modern, multi-stop| electric delivery van to be manufactured in tho U.S. Plaza Hotel, Now York City, January 16, 1974. h Lead Industries Association, Inc. 292 Madison Avenue. New York, N.Y. 10017 2 This embraces a Posta1ly-owned float of over 103,000 vehicles of all s Iz o b from 1/4 ton delivery trucks to tractor-tra1ler rigs. Additionally, we operate some 39,000 cars and trucks under lease, and about 12,000 carriers use their own cars in transportation to tha route. Most of our vehicles are used for delivery or collection activities and more than 93,000,or about 70%,of our letter delivery routos arc on wheels, or an we call it, motorized. To maintain our floet of vehicles which wo own, wo operate 310 garages described as vehicle maintenance facilities and we employ approx imately 5,200 maintenance and operations pooplo. Additionally, we perform heavy trucking operations in the 120 largest citioB oi the Unitod States, and tor tins we use Home 0,200 truck and 1:actor-tra l lor operators. It j h the rotqxinsibl li ty of my office to develop our purchase requirements, but, more importantly, to determine what kind of trucks we will buy. Over the years the Postal ervice hs boon an activo innovator in the vehicle business due, in the main, to the interest and efforts of our automotive engineering group, which is a part of our research and engineering department. With the cooperation ol this engineering group, we have led the field In the areas of vehicle vision factors, early use ol automatic transrnissions in delivery trucks (1954 and 1955); and, in the area of power plants, we have boon touting stratified charge engines for over three years. We have testod diosol enginos In half ton vehicles and compressed natural gas in a numbor of trucks of various sizes. We have, oi course, often looked at electric vehicles over the years. continued 3 Our first electrics wero used in 1904 and since then wo have continued to look toward the electric as a possible solution to many of our problems. In 1959, 1960 and 1961, wo purchased a number of electric vehicles - both three and four wheel. Most of those were tested in Florida and, unfortunately, they wore not successful for two reasons. They wore too costly, both to buy and to operatei and they were too alow, with a top speed of only fifteen miles an hour. In 1962, wo bought some larger vehicles (one ton capacity), which we toated in parcel delivery in midtown Manhattan. Again, high cost of operation, including early battery failure, caused the discontinuance of of the tests after almost two yesrs service. But since 1965 thero has been a changed climate in the postal service. At about that time an internationally-known consultant proved to us the great service advantages and cost benefits to bo received from motorizing our many loot routes The country's tromondous movo to suburban living, at the same time that our public transportation systems were shrinking, made it essential that we put our carriers on wheels. It has been esti mated that about 72 percent of our letter delivery routes should be on wheels for greatest efficiency. We're close to that figure now, but there is still a little way to go- and those new routes have common character istics. Most are wtiat we call "park and loop" routes with short mileages and only a few stops per day. The carrier parks his truck and delivers iiis letters and parcels on foot for a lew blocks circling back lo the truck to go on to the next stop. So we have a set of well-defined ojx-rating parameters with almost no variance from day to day. continued In 1963, pollution was a nasty word that happened in Lo b Angeles; but it was not 1ong before the grave danger of air pollution became evident from coast to coaot. By 1969 wo, in the Postal Service, knew we must take steps beyond those contemplated by the industry. For many years we had been requiring oxhaust emission controls before there were national standards, 1 "l il -I wn not onough In 1969 we began a project in our western region testing new electric vehicles in the little town of Cupertino, California, down below San Francisco. Two of the vehicles manufactured by the liarbilt Electric Trucks and Vehicles in England provod to be outstanding in terms of flexibility on the route and, more importantly, in durability. Over almost two years, our records indicate a downtime of only eight bourB. The results at Cupertino were so promising that we are leasing 30 additional vehicles for Cupertino so that the entire office will be operating in electric vehicles. Delivery is scheduled for shortly after February 1st, and we are looking forward to their receipt. Additionally, our resoarch group has purchased three test vehicles: an Ot l a vehicle manufactured at Stockton, California: a Baitronic vehicle of 1/2 ton capacity manufactured at Boyertown, Pennsylvania; and an Electromotion truck of 1/4 ton capacity built for us at Bedford, MaHsaehusr't All three of these vehicles have been used by the Postal Service on regular letter delivery routes and all of thorn show very great promise. Research testing though can take years. I'm afraid we may not ha-< tins much time: and so. with the obvious capacity of the electric to do our job m our own well circumscribed routes, we decided that the time was ripe for purchase of 350 electric trucks. These will be built to a continued T3 *5s. -5- specification that recognizes that aa yet the electric i not a universal vehicle, not yet substitutable for our large ''olivary fleet; but is well suited to a large number of our park and loop routes. For many months we, in the Postal Sorvico.have been working to 'educe our use of fuel and have some very interesting projects under way on that score right now - you may have road of our emulsified fuel tests. However, with the Arab embargo on oil, our electric procurement takes on a new urgency and, as a consequence, we shall probably accelerate our planning. What is the future for electrics in the Postal Service? Well, right now wu estimate that we have about 30,000 routes meeting the parameters which fall within the present electric capability. Should theso 350 electric trucks prove themselves, the next purchaso could bo sizable indeed - perhaps 1,000 next year and as many as 5.000 in 1075. The future is yourB to grasp. You, who arc the producers and engineer! oi the electric vohiclo industry. To moot our needs, full scale produc tion capability is required. kight now our 1/4 ton trucks are coming off the line at the rate of 1,000 a month. That's what wo have to have just to slay oven with our fleet. Our roplacemontn will probably exceed 15,000 units a year by 1075 and, of course, we arc looking for improve ments in the lead acid battery. If you people in the lead industries can develop bettor batteries - batteries that will give us longer life, more speed, more miles, more stops and groat gradeability - there is the roat of thono 93,000 routes to shoot for. continued. , l j A13731 { and gentlemen, 1 can't really convey to you how excited 1 am over this poton t i a 1, been u mo l firmly believe that now we are on tlm, venjo ol a real breakthrough in the urban car. With a versatile non-polluting, non-gasoline drinking urban car, our nation's mobility will be assured. Wo, in the postal Service, will be doing our best to reach that point. The main task is up to you.