Document vV2YbnbGReeK3gMvbLv0DMrD6
In t e r n a t io n a l Sme l t in g a n d Re f in in g Co mp a n y
25 Broadway
Of f ic e o f t h e Vi c e Pr e s id e n t
New York
January SO, 1942
Ur. E. 0. Sowerwine, Secretary, International Smelting & Refining Co., Building.
Be: Johnson et al. Application, Serial No. 178,352, For: ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD OE PRODPCINO WHITE LEAD
Dear Sir:
I am sending you herewith for filing, the original deed In the abore mentioned application, whioh is assigned to the International Smelting A Refining Company,
Kill you kindly acknowledge receipt of this deed on the attached oarbon copy and return for my files.
Tours Tery truly,
Frederick Laist
KS/ Zacl.
PNYCOOOO <3394
Wil l ia * H. Da v is Ar b a B. Ma r v in - r c t ir c q De a n S. Es mo n d s Fr a me E.Ba r r o w s w. Br o w n Mo r t o n Me r t o n W. Sa o e Witus H.Ta x io r , Jr . Er n e s t H. Me r c h a n t Ge o b o e E.Mid d l e t o n Mo r r is D. Ja c k s o n R.Mo r t o n Ad a ms Ra y x o n d F. Ad a ms Le s l ie B. Vo c n o Dj j c a i V. Ma r oxrr
D4947
Pe n n ie , Da v is ,Ma r v in a n d Ed mo n d s Co u n s e l l o r s a t La w
247 Pa r k Av e n u e
Ne w Yo r k Was h in g t o n Ornces
Na t io n a l Pr e s s Bc il d l n o
Ra t x o n d B-Ca mt x b l d Buuwm Gd t l d
Amb r o s e A. Ar n o l d S.Ho w e l l Br o w n . Jr . Lo c i a 0. Fo r w a r d H. St a n l e y Ma x s t ie l d
Ge o b o e E Fa it r e c l l Do k a l F. M^Ca r t r t
Ha l E.Sc a o r a y z s Jo b n Ho x ie Jo b n T Fa r l e t Cl *r t Vo n Bo e t t j c h x r . Jb . Ja me s BCh b is t ie Ja me s W La is t Ct r u s S Ha p o o o o Roats T.M'Le a n Ha r o l d ATr a v e h Me r t o n S.Ne il l w Pe t e r s Bi a n c
Fr e d e r ic k LBis s in o e s W. B Mo r t o n . Jr .
January 29, 1942
Mr. Frederick Laist, Vice-President
International Smelting and Refining Co. 25 Broadway (Room 1720) New York, N. Y.
/-
Dear Sir:
Re: Johnson et al. Application, Serial No. 178,352, For: Electrochemical Method of Producing White Lead - Now patent No. 2, 2 70,783
Enclosed herewith is the original deed in the
above-identified application, together with five printed
copies for your files. This deed is an original document
of title and should be carefully preserved.
It will be appreciated if you will acknowledge
safe receipt of this document.
Very truly yours,
ro>j; of lotl'T f . n * T coo: r - of o' o t iO .orr.t .r. rp.
PKTC0C008395
N11206.01
Wil l x a x H. Da v is Ar a . B.Ma r v in - nrrtftto De a n S.Ed mo n d s Fh a n k E.Ba s s o v s W Br o w n Mo r t o n Me r t o n W. Sa o e Wi u is H.Ta v l o s ,Jh . Er n e s t H.Me r c h a n t Ge o s o e E.Mid d l e t o n Mo r r is D.Ja c b s o n R.Mo r t o n Ad a ms Ra y mo n d F. Asms Le s l ie B.Vo c v o Da n ie l V. Ma h o n j e y
E4947
Pe n n ie , Da v is ,Ma r v in a n d Ed mo n d s Co u n s e l l o r s a t La w 247 Pa r k Av e n u e Ne w Yo r k
Wa s h in g t o n Of f ic e s Na t io n a l Pr e s s Bu il d in o
January 2, 1942
A*OCtAXB
Ra y n o k s B Cuwats Ba l d w in CnttB Amb io s e A. Ar n o l d S.Ho w e l l Br o w n . Jr . Lo o is D.Fo r w ar d H. St a n l e t Ma n s t t l l o Ge o s o e E.Fa it b f t t l l Do n a l F. Mc Ca r t h y
Ha l E.Sc a o b a v r s Jo h n Ho x ie Jo r k T. Pa BLET Cu r t Vo n Bo e t t ic h e b .Js . .Ta me s B-Ch r is t ie Ja me s W La is t Ct b u s S.Ha j p o o o d Ro o k a T. M1; Le a n Ha r o l d A.Tr a v t * Mk b t o n S.Ne il l w. Pe t e r s Bl a n c
Fr e d e r ic k L.Bis s in o e r W B. Mo r t o n . Jr .
Mr. Frederick Laist, Vice-President International Smelting and Refining Co. 25 Broadway (Room 1720) New York, N. Y.
1-
Dear Sir:
Re: Johnson et al. application. Serial No. 178,352, Filed December 6, 1937, For:
Electrochemical Method of Producing White Lead_______________________
We have paid the final fee in the above-mentioned
application, and have been advised that the patent will
issue January 20, 1942, as patent No. 2,270,783.
Very truly yours,
Copy of this letter sent Mr. F. 0. Case - 1/3/42
PNYCCC0C8396
^11206.02
Wil l ia m H-Da v is Ar b a B. Ma r v ik - r e t ir ed
De a n S-Ed mo n d s Fb a v i E.Ba b b o v s W. Br o w n Mo r t o n
Me h t o n W. Sa o e WlLLIS H.Ta y l o r ,Jb .
Er n e s t H. Me r c h a n t Ce o b o e E. Mid d l et o n
Mo r r is D.Ja c k s o n R.Mo r t o n Ad a ms Ra y mo n d F. Ad a ms Le s l ie B.Yo u n o Da n ie l V. Ma h o n e y
D4947
Pe n n ie , Da v is , Ma r v in a n d Ed mo n d s Co u n s e l l o r s a t La w 247 Pa r k Av e n u e Ne w Yo r k
Wa s h in g t o n Oe y ic e s Na t io n a l Pr e s s Bu il d in o
As s o c ia t e s
Ra y mo n d B. Ca n f ie l d Ba l d w in Gu il d
Amb r o s e A. Ar n o l d S-Ho w e l l Br o w n .Jr . Lo u is D-Fo r w a r d H- St a n l e t Ha n sn e l d
Ge o r o e E. Fa it b e t t l i. Do n a l F. Mc Ca r t h y Ha l E.Se a o b a v e s Jo h n Ho e ie Jo h n T. Fa b l b y Co s t Vo n Bo e t t ic h e b .Jb Ja me s B Ch r is t ie Ja me s W.La is t Ct b u s S-Ha r o o o d Ro o e h T-Mc Le a n Ha b o l d A Tb a v e h Me b t o k S.Ne il l W. Pe t e bs Bi.a n c Fr e d er ic k L.BissrvoEB W. B Mo r t o n . Jr .
June 30, 1941 KVOVVCEQ^-p H^CE/PT
Mr. Frederick Laist, Vice-President International Smelting and Refining Company 25 Broadway (Room 1720)
New York, N. Y.
Dear Sir:
Re; Johnson et al. Application, serial No. 178,352, Filed December 6, 1937,
For: Electrochemical Method of Pro ducing v/hlte Lead
This is to advise you that we have received a
notioe of allowance in the above-mentioned application.
The final fee of ^30.00 is due on or before December 28,
1941, and unless you instruct us to the contrary, we
will defer payment of this fee until shortly before the
due date.
Very truly yours.
cc: Mr. F.O.Case
PNYC00008397
N11206.03
nenneoWil l ia m H-Da v is
Ar b a B.Ma .b v in De a n S Ed mo n o s Fr a n k E.Ba b b o w s W. Bb o w n Mo r t o n Me r t o n W. Sa g e Wil l is H.Ta t l o r .Jb . Eb n e s t H.Me r c h a n t Ce o b o e E.Mid d l e t o n Mo r r is D. Ja c k s o n R.Mo b t o n Ad a ms Ra y mo n d F. Ad a ms Le s l ie B.Yo u n o Da n ie l V. Ma h o n e t
D4947
Pe n n ie , Da v is ,Ma r v in a n d Ed mo n d s Co u n s e l l o r s a t La w 247 Pa r k Av e n u e Ne w Yo r k
Wa s b rNOt o n Op p x c e s Na t io n a l Pr e s s Bu il d ik o
As s o c ia t e s
Ra y mo n d B-Ca j c t t e l d Bu d w z x Cuao Ak b io s b A.Anrou) S Ho w e u Br o w k .Jb . Lo u is D. Fo b w a n d BSTANLET Ma NSTIELD Ce o b o s E.Fa it k t c l l Do h a j , F.M^Ca b t b t Ha l E.Sb a o b a v k s Jo h n Ho x ie Jo b s T.Fa b u s t Cu b t Voit Bo e t t ic k es .J* . Ja k e s B.Ch b is t ik Ja k e s W. La t s t Ct b u s S. Ka p o o o d Ro o e b T.M'Le a n Ha h o l d A.Tb a v e k Me b t o w S.Ne il l W. Pe t e r s Bl a n c
Fr e d e r ic k L.Bis s x k o c t W. B. MORTON. Jt.
June 37, 1941
Ac k n o w l e d g e d rReECEIPT
Mr. Frederick Laist, Vice-President
6 - to- 4 )
International Smelting and Refining Co.
35 Broadway (Room 1730)
New York, N. Y.
Dear Sir:
Re: Johnson et al Application, Ser. No. 178,353, Filed December 6. 1957
We have Just received notice that the Examiner
has changed the title of the above-mentioned application
from "Method of Producing White Lead" to "Electrochemical
Method of Producing White Lead". It is not usual for the
Examiner to make such a change, except when the applica
tion is in condition for allowanoe, and consequently I
anticipate receipt of notice of allowance in the near
future.
Very truly yours
PSYC00008393
N11206.04
Wil l l a x H. Da v is Ar b a . B-Ma b v in - ncTtneo
De a n S.Eo h o n d s Fr a n k E.Ba r b o v t s W.Br o w n Mo r t o n Me b t o n W. Sa g s Wil l is H.Ta y l o r .Jr . Eb n e s t H. Me b c r a mt Ge o b o e E.Mid d l e t o n Mo e h is D. Ja c k s o n R.Mo r t o n Ad a ms Ra t j o n d F. Ad a ms Le s l ie B.Yo u n g Da k x k l V. Ma h o n e y
D4947
Pe n n ie , Da v is , Ma r v in a n d Ed mo n d s Co u n s e l l o r s a t La w 247 Pa r k Av e n u e Ne w Yo r k
Wa s h in g t o n Of f ic e s Na t io n a l Pr e s s Bu il d in g
As s o c ia t e s
Ra t mo w d BCa k t t e l d Ba l d w in Gu il d
Amb s o s i A-Ar n o l d S.Ho w e l l Bh o w v .Jb . Lo u is D. Fo r w a r d H. St a n l e y Ma n s f ie l d Ge o r o e E. Fa j t k f c l l Do n a l F. Mc Ca r t h y Ha l E Sia o b a v is
Jo h n Ho x ie Jo h n T. Fa h l e t Cu r t Vo n Bo e t t ic h e r . Jr . Ja me s B.Ch r is t ie Ja me s W. La is t Cy r u s S-Ha f o o o d Ro o e h T.M'Le a w Ba b o l d A T Ra v e a Me b t o n S.Ne il l W. Pe t e r s Bl a n c
Fr e d e r ic s L.Bis s x n g e b Ke n n e t h H.Mu r r a y Ca r l E. Rin g
June 23, 1941
ACLr.'C'.VLEDSED RECEIPT 4-
Mr. Frederick Laist, Vice-President International Smelting and Refining Company25 Broadway (Room 1720) New York, H. Y.
Dear Sir:
Re: Johnson et al. Application, Ser. No. 178,352, Filed December 6, 1937,
For; Method of Producing Tfhlte Lead
After filing our appeal in the above-mentioned
application, the Examiner apparently changed his mind about
the allowability of the claims, and called our Washington
representative to state that,with certain minor amendments,
he felt that the claims could be allowed. We have prepared
a Supplemental amendment for the purpose of making the
changes suggested by the Examiner, and we understand that
this amendment will probably result in allowance of the
case without the necessity of going through with the appeal.
Two copies of the Supplemental amendment by which these
changes were made are enclosed herewith.
Enc.
Very truly yours,
. UJ. L--
Copy .of letter with enclosure sent Mr. Ce s e
PNYC00008399
N11206.05
Kti
WP:} Jy'V-**:-^i. .-^.?. * V^v -.-*-
*. .`^ -- T
. _ -
- * -' - s* * . S--^ 'v
|SlFl# -
7,,` ***- THE UHIT2D STATS3 i PATKHT^QjnfJOSi.i^
I >.
*: s' . ,; -3j aaa ffg>3 teatlaai f ' ie. .
COTBUHIT W.'.JQSBBCX,*/'
R2Q1NALD G.BOOUH and:
unxLlAM J- ",ox_1
:-' .v-',.;;
i-
nitd ;P0. ;0,\1W7-; -t X-.:-'. 01V. &0 V itoOB.'4725 ..; ;; :
He* Tork) H.T, Jun%j2&Wl941?
Honorable Cosalealoner of Patent a
Saahlngton, S.C, ^ : \' '
'^y -s c p p l e ms h t a l a mc t e me k t
sir i
- ,?f:-y^.Jn.'Turtlier Taaponaa' to the Statue Latterof
_. J<muaf^
amend tha^ abova-ldantlfi[d:,appWo.a*^
>f "^-.I ' im^'f.
^ A-..':`.. j v'-fi' ;' ^.V.. :
`carbonatlon-. .a*' need harainiani-a#^
spwr* *>>^7*71r % >. v: uodaratood '- In ' the .'.art, ,*en*,ijarbonatioivr?in 1
; ,;^ ',/'- '
^
. i" v. exoeaa of that required to^Milntaln' tbaji^*
' '. * . t ^ bloarbonata los oonoentration ipf^the *nolrti'^<
; 'v.' - V' ! ; '' .: . ' '' , fv.&i v;-;':.: v.'^ s :.
necaaaary for: tho;pro<JuotIon ^ ' '
' ;' ;.; ' ' --y., '
<-=> ^ W^'.iW
'liaa.^, .after, t^a jiloA-,lnaarti:--SaolC''of^
0m
%<S^-` I.lij ' ;. trol. of tha. bioarbpnata^lon eoneahtratloftS? `*"v"'v>v r-s>n tbe.anoly.t*, aad. hanoaXtha-.-ooapo'altloii:^
__PS
SS^Sv-^A-V_\
PNYCO0008400
N11206.06
'Vi-;A:;'V:;i'vi`-' ' - `A: A'v 'A A.rAjAAAv>
v-:flJ
y;
V~ ..-'>}/*;( A. ,?'.A'lvM'
V ' * ; ` 'r: A; A
` of t^j>roipitat#d wb-^-y^-'-
Q-r/t
" H*
?S 4tU
' -ring intoo the composition of the preeocipptitaated^'
.............. "vA
' `.' -
.../ V.Vf. '' >.'>'
'A f]fA white!.substantlallytgreater-SA
> 4 ;
' v ,c ; '*v'- v **>- '. '
. v .:
'
:
fe*
then the.loss of each lone in the course fAg?v3l.\
. of normal operation of the oellf.--'
vri ,v` rVy ;. A* :v **
In the Claims
' ; /.' "A '.A'A^
I lmv **:*
Cancel claims 8, 4, 6 and 11 ;
SA ;?A
* A
riW*z'U
Add. the following claimai- :..AA; ..r:A : f
'* y..
li/.-
y&>.
V-- 83 In a prooass of producing white lead of oon-
; ._ stent;pert ioular o composition by eleotrolysia in a' '
; - blfluid oell involving;the use of an anolyte capable undlar.
A'-A;. aleotrolyeio,of yielding a lead solvent and containing a
.-. bioarbonate. and of a oatholyte oontainlng a oarbonate .;f^^53j^oh'Jis!;,altered dmring. the course of the prooess by re- !
**sr^ifv ^ii'jwv^^froarbonate;ion% and Involving oarbonatlon of the j^l^oatholyte to restore oarbonate ions thereto and re-use ^Cof.vthe regenerated oatholyte, the ooaposition^of the..
yrrsolpltated white lead being oontrolled<j9ycreferenoe: to _____itheibioaxbonate ion concentration in the anolyte. the "i^f^i^rovenent}whioh; ooaprises adjusting thei. bicarbonate AAK-ion oonoentration in the anolyte by subjeoting the v
A/A''- oatholyte to excess oarbonation'and';byj incorporating ^^Jjydroxyl ions ln;,the anolyte An. the forniof a^poloble
:v............. . A-f ' - ' f,
AAA netal.hydroxideinsuohan amount that the amount of.
- - * ' -V
*.* < added metal ions of said hydroxide, is not^substantially.
fr* ' /
n-..- '
^ " -' .. . r. ; ' :'-r-. ...
in excess of the amount of metal ions lost-in the'.course
.
^
:y;A :
'JratJ- A''*^1^ " AJ^Aof-normal operation of the oell,:the amountlof[sietal :;A:
-V:r^
J- v . :
. .
r .... . ' .
. ' : A*
zkr ^ l'* v.
pAA.bydroxide incorporated in the anolyte being' sufficient A
-lit.
feA-ASA j AA-; to establish therein bioarbonate ions in the desired- .
S-:;!X>S
f concentration, ^hereby the addition>of ions not > ' :"
; C;:\;A--Alls
^ y Jr
'
Pwrcoooca4o7
i*:
- . -f* v*j -> S *'.'
i
mmmmmim
.: entering into the composition rof-theprealpitated^.L
white lead Is.not aub atantially greater than^he^lpaa"^
of.suoh ions in the course of nQrmal oparatlon of. thii,'^.
OSll. ;-'. < .
; :: '.V'.V-
.'., 'y-
V.- ;:
': [.' /^' 'V'"
' 24. In a proeeas of producing white lead ofX^fr^-
' constant particular composition by electrolysis in a :'.rc
Tigt&ir''
blfluld^cell^inTolTlng the use of an anolyte .capable M.
5 , under.!a^ect^olysis of .'yielding a lead yolvent' end\oon3
. talning, afbioarbQnate'and a oatholyte containing a ..oar-/
/bonatewhioh is altered during the oourse of .the process!
^f0?y>r*;ot oerbpi^tjBMdi^/a^d^i^
1 r&fi ! -:>.
V'V
' oft he/oatholyte to restore carbonate lonstheretoand ^K**i Of-the regenerated,eatholyte, .th4j eoBposItlon^:f
-of; the precipitated white lead being controlled by>VC
"f"v^
si' s' * -- '
^?i:^/:referenoe to the. bicarbonate ion ooiuersatlaa^^l^the^ciMlyl >
=':i' ' ' :
f- . , ' ' 'Sfe- 'V'rfv
' ??^5*yithe^!ia^proyMnt..whioh comprises' adjusting the. bioarbonat
1>flr M><a
(C&^SaLSJp'KSRS-:-
.^f^l^centrd.tioft.itttvth*;ano^yte by aubjeotia^^hajl.;^': ^ i^^e^Jexfl^ss-^arbonation/and'adding't^r^hw anolytk
^sufficient emount of unoarbonated oatholytelcontainiitg'
Lydroxyl ions to eetabliah in the anolyte b.iroarbonats>v ^I^^MMstih:/the desired: poncentrati0n,,:wheraby^addlUoa;?:v
f?>; * of Ions not entering Into the composition ofthe;preoipij*
SI?:-,-;' tate.d white Jlead. is not substantially greater;than the...
..
. '
' * "* ' i
` .v {
r-.;',*'*.
*. 'k
ayf4^:-loss of such ions in the oourse of normal 'operation i --
, A 'i ' . ..
Y-? =vr.;.-.....V >- ' / ^^^ bifluid^cell'^^w^^^^^^^^e^^iSr^oipitated/ln
. 1'
an: anolyte eapsble under electrolysis of; yielding a :;.j
3.
PNTCOO008402
lm*C
W,.
<.T ..:'v'^ v.
7.
-V,'
^s* --ion opnpautratipn, !^
______
7t ` prepipitetionjof .Whitell Mi of|'" '
l.; and. maintaining ;aald bioarbonata ion content
".pnoly tp; by maintaining a uniform and. exoeea 'parbqnatipn^ H' pr tha oatliolyte and by adding an alkali mataL hydroxlda
to the .anolyta ,in suob an amount that t ha amount of - 7
addapi'albaii.Mtal' lone; la not substantially in excess -
'" *'' ' !C-
w .' : -;
s'-H
^.y^of tba-amount of ellcali matal Iona loat in tba oouraaV,
ilir^/'^^aanw^oppratioa of the pell.bui.nuffiolMit.to' eatab-
' '??' * * ? % ^ : < ' - .- . ' ' : ' {
- / / r ' - :)
_J jv^^xllPh;ln ,tba anolyta' bioarbonata Iona in 'tba' desired
-A,-* - ;
\r~
... ' , _
,' `
7-7t'`;>:'oonoantration for praolpitatlon of white lead of the
r.'V;. ' ;:. . '
. - . .- .. vy ...
.'^^partioular';compoaltion.'--
v:;:.><'-
,\;
-Vy . '.
'. , -v .i;*V
.
a prooaaa of producing white lead of con-.':
..v-.' - ; * ."'' %. *? ;,-V
itant partioular ponpoaition by electrolysis in a.bi- ''
. ^ \,vy^
=
J^flPld cell, inrolTing the use of-ll) an anolyta capable
. alaotrolyala of yielding a land aolpent .and ;oontai i^
v.: :
`
" *' < : : *: T-
'^iM^pnata,Jand!_ a bicarbonate . and :l2) :-a4>at^pl^ta.^fe
' KsPiparboaa.te whioh'ia.-altexed'.'during<tba>^
remoTal of oarbonatf iona, and,.
KS -.- inwYolTlTiningg-'ooaarbrbbonnaatltoioiLn'.-ooff. the. oatholytayto, reatoraJoarbon
p':->iv'i ,>^^v;v i-.V-^7,
^77i:dta..iona.-tbarato':'*b4l"ra-.uaa of tba regenerated oatbolyte ' v,-vV
-- *' the ooopoaltion of tbe preolpitfted whita'lead ^bping;
.y- v*'y `controlled by reference to the bioarbonataicQrpcoMptrECion
;^fer;In,,tba anolytathe''.improTement;.^jW.pb(7eottpriaaa^i^inUin'
. log-the carbonate ooneentration in tbp' anolyte at, or be-
Pd*tanUned maximum which i a eubetantlally leea,'
V-r . . . ' J':.. ' .
" ' '-- . J ' -*r
u-"..
- .. <
. ...
v - . ' J -y~-/ -Jr -il.
pMYCOOOOS^O^
'WSfigM Srfs- W--'V -* 'C-/'
;v1 Si'i-""' Trs". *7 JS'^-^.faV'*:- r. 'VW-iSj
i .##-'V*":- ...' Ug5iH-
.i: <...: ;' -. .: .;. ..-
-.-
': ' ; ..
- .vV. : `,
. /':. " ./<^4
S.;-- ~y.:.rl rtf:
'.
xC.j,
rvv^wv
.than the concentration resultingiiji.objeotionable^lfrk*
deposition pf white lead on the anode, enduedJnetingf
' `` 1 /' '
' '' fa;i.
the bicarbonate 4on poncentret ion in the anolrte'hr^
' i'-* "v- h-:'. -v . ' - ' -v . ' .' '
subjecting a portion of theoatholyte toexaesa'carbona?
, ?,A^4i.on .pad J>yf edding^to
1 " : >'ofunoarbonated catholyis containinglead3im|
-. to establish in the anolyte bloarbonate ione in the ^^S
/ !> u V,v:
; . ; --l-: 7-.
-desired concentration, whereby the oonoentration W-Uina . ' - -i ;:>v-
-' not entering into the composition'or-the preeipitated-rs'
"?;
-.
!v
.. white, lead is not increased in the oottrse'of'-normal^J^
operation of the oell..
'? v-
-R----S---V----A---R----K---S--
. .,,r _ ..
-3M>. _ >,,..
'-
Seconsideration of this application in^ita?&f*$ap,
- *
amended.foraia respectfully requested.
.:;: . v-'Jrv*
.... . .. ...
,
" > . t Apjslioanta* solicitor wishes to aolcnowledgeVnn;<;
' ' V l'-`
' '' -
interriew courteously granted by the Examiners'in charge.Jof,
Z r.Xrr: .v.-'r1...'.'.
` .-
.
.this application. At the interview new claims 2S to 27 <4L
Jaonsidcred as to matters of form and as to patentabi
;^derstood that the new claims in'their pre.f4^t
^^^(ireAoonsidered allowable. *
'''.f
*rjc&sl?m.<^-8l ."Ti*~ ' 4-rr~*J?>r*>* `'^>jrv\{HI::'V'-'1e. w.; olaims 83 to 87 are similar to^fpimeis
::''new- claims differ.'from^phi
.htr.c
cocoo
.
g*?**
%.
WSfP-s-^-'/vSt i>A
v-**j r*. > >L` - -- w.*;^
... -- -. *
XJi*S-* _-?-.
& th
i*
}'. s
'.-.
>/
-- - 'concentration in accordance with the Invention effects/the
Wr-itv.'V,-. -:. . . -
..**..' ' :
. desired control of the bicarbonate ion o one antration*/and ; ^
hence the composition-of the precipitated white lead,.in 'a -i.;.
Banner snob that the addition of ions not entering into the
[msmm the'.composition of the precipitated whits lead is not aub- ....
l|gp|p stantially greater than the loss of. such lone in the ooorse
of normal operation of the cell* In this connection it-is ; j*&-yf3c-.-BsaCw5*Ssv.$' ^-` /noted that the 3tatus letter oontains the atatenent .that: . ;?
STts/*,-**.-*' V.'.'-'X'
^Inspection of the affidavit indicates that the building .up ,of the eodlua ion concentration is detrimental (last para* '
'graph of page 8), yet claim 4 recites the addition of a
feJK/lif' J`4_ if'
r"?vX.frC%S<.3'S,>-1.^.*\;#-:'f--.* sodium 8alt". The affidavit points out that in procedure (4) ,<of the Johnson et al patent the amount of sodium bioerbonate
-which Buat'bo added to effect oontrol of the anolytebloarbonf
Tate ion oo'noehtrationMa so great that sodium ions are
/builf up in the eleotrolyte at a rate greater than the rate & *;
raaVfrfeleb'the sodium ions ere loab in the poursepf normal
j|4 ^..1
jf ..-
I* .
'
r/operstion of the cell* It is true that in'the control method
^he.pxesent invention sodium ions, in the fozm of sodium
Idejfnre edded to the anolyte, but the amount or ' ' i.vw-rf^^whioh must be addod in accordance with this iaven-
oontrol is so muoh less than in fMt4vreI(ii^0fJohnsonst. alp atent that therequlred
|aMunt|bf-Taided sodium hydrozide does not add sod ium ions
T't9^tha4pJeotrplyif*e$er than' ***** sodium iona ara
/loa^iiliftel.oou^
operatlon .of the -..oell-
'lit'-TieW-pfjttha^-iaot: that' thare'appears to be. some
/ oonfusion/as to the'.meaning of "expeee/cerbonatlpn"; the /following'dlaucsslou le offsred by way.of erplenstlon. White
.lead 1s a product eopprlslag the ohealoal o embination of
. WSf-j tri?.ri
'.. .-'.-ft -
lead lone/ carbonatei'Iona and hydroxyl loss* The quantitative'
6.
-
PNVC00008405
- tyJ ^',;i1k."yLlr. x.fv.-_-v .'\-'*'1
.s'.. ..
. ':. -.,
r;'::'-.- .>^'-\v. .# "
^ ::;v:.;;
">
^-Vv -
?>"' ' Af: Sf*
". ';.
.
'
v*"-'
. ' ' v,,: . -
ratio or carbonate to hydroxyl radiaala la tha white lead.
"produet determines the phyaloal oharaotariatiea lor thai';4?V^
'-
'V.v/ - ' -
. produot. Jl aubatantial rang* or variation is possible.H lr"
ve assume that a white lead produet or ooaatsnt partloularV
composition ia to be produced in a biriu?*'--'ll "
;qne|
apparent that a substantially. oonatant ratio or. ooncentra-
tlon or oarbonate ions to hydroxyl Iona must be maintained '
in the anolyte rroa which the white lead produot l#?pr*oiplt}
ated* Carbonate lonaand hydroxyl ionspreaent in the anolyfc
. are used up aa the white lead produat la prao ipitatsd. Bioe)?-. bonate Iona are routed as a by-product of the aleotroohemioai
.motion taking place within the eell (see page 4, lines lb
and lft, or the specification). Hydroxyl, ions, rrmed
eleotrolytioally at the oathode, build up a relatively, high
concentration or hydroxyl iona In the oatholyte.;^'
In order to replenish the supply or. oaxbonats ions
in the anolyte ror precipitation or the white lead product
or particular composition, it ia conventional practice to
add carbon dioxide to the oatholyte where it reacts with
hydroxide to rorm the corresponding carbonate* ;Thus, as-:the degree of oarbonation or the oatholyte prooeeda the amount;, ' ^' or hydroxyl .lons present in the oatholyte decreases end.> -.
oarbonate ion concentration increases. The porous diaphragm
.separating the anolyte and oatholyte permits passage or the
'.oarbonate and hydroxyl."ions rram the oatholyte*(where their
^' n n;; - ? ' - *
^
ioonceniretloh. ia relatively ;high)` in.to theva^olytp^ w. By ad-
;;>j3usting the degrse or oarbonation or. the oatholyte it * is.;;..
^^ssibielio^'eaheblish^im.the.-Oatkolyteua raVio.o oncantrat Lon
;
\ V'
V ' "V
, - *./ :
-
^ '' '
. v.
v 'k,'
s
u-.
..
' . ! 'T
'
.;. :-v> ;-.
# W-
y5^sr:^s . ; t, 4,_____ ,,
. f- ** r. - .-/.
h^yr^:;'. ;\-
3^'
. .O ' /e* ` >
7-*
of.oarbonate and hydroxyl Iona auoh that thM(^<;u':pu :y i?
.through the diaphragn Into th anolyta In asaotlVyha
quantitative ratio that thaaa Iona combine In tha'forpation
of"the-deaired white laad product, ..However, aa pointedout
/above, bicarbonate lone.are prodt>M ir *^ anolyte during
JV=/V k' -jdTW. JvA/~r.'
.the course of electrolysis. Bicarbonate Iona and hydroxyl' yons are mutually inocompatible in the sane solution; a high
bicarbonate ion^concentration holds down the.hydroxyl ion concentration" andi^Yioe` versa,; Thus, the high concentra tion of bicarbonate lo.ns .produoed in the r-anolyte tends "to -^.xsftuoeii.the effective oonoantrationfof hyd/ptyl/ ions Introduced Into the anolyte from the oatholyte. Conversely, an
*SV. r<i.:s^
ilnoreeae in the hy^oyyl . ion,concentration in the anolyte wijj.
'/decrease the bicarbonate ion concentration ..in the anolyte by
' changing the bicarbonate to oerbonate. - .SuBBarlzing, theref.o
/anequllibriua exists in the oatholyte between carbonate
/and hydroxyl ions, and the'ratio of concentrations of these
//tons aay be controlled:by the degree of oarbonatlon of the
loatholyte. in equillbriuB also exists in the! ______ ^
**$Vi*r, :<.i
. ;;/
>*
gghydroxyl and bloarbonate ions. ' It,le~poeslble/*tfcVeleeVe2a\i
t'degreeof oarbonatlon ofthe oatholyte suoh that.the.oonoea*
.jC.itration/ofvhydroxyl ions In oatholyte (and passing'into the
*ph
-h ; >
j.
S^anolyte jnls .high enough to reduce the bicarbonate ion conoen
f tStration^la.-the anolyte. ;to, the point where the .desired hydrox/1 S ,:- . . V,. \ \ '/>; . v
;3rjion' concentration, 'ip'^proportion to the carbonate ion ooncen .V.:. -
\-vtretion.' oan^exlstVin the anolyte,1 The amount.of oarbone-
`: "'*4 ?** ' *' ** ,
-v '
-
-
A fi-
6.
PStC00008A07
\* S ' , v'-..
-
'>'
- . .
".
::; ' ';
; ...
'\
^ - . -. --.^s-.v. >;V-^7 v*'*:
,..;:.:,:.r':u::v,-
,-.
/ .>: ".
>. :*' -
'- "
*
*
' ' *
-1' '' j
- -^7^-
repreaenta an operation wharein tula fcoaplate^oarbo^^Loo"
yf ~r
I *#-.-7 ' '
. -t^~
V^!cr'ih^''/ V'!
la effeoted. It la. difficult to carbonate. ooapiate;iy!-baoauM
; ' :' "
'
' -. . - v-:.-.'* '-Y'-
complete oarbonation requires quantitatively aoourate/addltii
. '.'.> .. . ' ' ,
'. *".' ' , Y-.-'V'v Y, '"' i'i
of C0o to the anolyte. Addition of any aiaount nor*"than
<, .
'. '
- ;
.' i. .
'Viv
^
:s the .-quant ltatiTsly azsc.t -Je;./CO^to'-tha oatholyta yor;^
: complete oarbonation. ia."axossa oarbonation*, and additional
/of any aaoun^JLasa than:, auoh quantitatively,axaot amount, of `
: C0 la v'deflciant oarbonation*. Tba apaolfloatlon haa been-
y : .> ';"'
-. y ' .-. f".* Yv.v
'amended ,on page d to incorporate therein a: definite state*';*
ill
'.tx*ani.'of.-bat;la aant' by "*xeess- oarbonation",
-x '" ..
: 5 " -'Jr'i:
.the Johnson at al patent the ;oatholyta:-la ;--- -.
y.;`aubJacted'to "dafiolant" oarbonation. la a ra#ult,Ttha, retl<
I *.W7^1v ir?'\ - V-
//of.-hydroxjl Iona to oarbonata Iona in the oarbonatjad oathoiy
/ia^ralatiTely high, and the raaulting slgratiqn<of oarbonata
^and-hy4roxyl iona froH: tha daflolantl,y, oarbonatad'oatholyta.4
i^into tha anolyta is more than enough'!to. reduce the bloarbonal W-
< ;.. % O
'
,1
: .': ' :
. "
^ionVoonoantration in the ;an9lyte/tq/tha point whara;!.th*^-da-^
*. .' ' * ' -
*" `'~;rJ ::i*;*y4v'' '
fessas v/alred hydroxyl' ion oonoentration c*n.b*.aaintoInedj\^In./^^^
r'V-.V-"
.
S';-'-
' V"V- '" '
jordar to OTarooae this'undesirably high!'! y ? ' i' -
.^D^9f^lh->th.a^j|polyt*. a^bihdrbqnjM^y.
added to.: the anolyta, and controlVof tha whita- laad/Broduot ;
^Mipcytitioa^la^tharaby ^pbttined^,;:/'^:--:/-;/,^;:'^.:^^;^^;/
fpgf1
' ' In the present . application'tha oatholyta 'la _aub- *
/jaoted to axoeaa oarbonation. that la, an aaount of carbonami$
fes tion in axQeaa of that raqulred to maintain the bicarbonate
/joonoentretlon qf^ thalanolyta (and hanoe tha hydroxyl -ion >v;
^jaaoantration. of tha anolyta) at tha Talua deolred!for th#
ir produotlon of a ahlta lead.product of conatqnt particular .;. tTiJt'** :..,..'.o' cpoaltion. Kxoeaa oarbonation, aa will.be underatood from
V&v
,*'v-,V ` '-V -v
, . ' r ' ''"' ' 'ji /S^V-'"e-uy
r - ->.- - -'"' - .
:" **. y,; ;. . " ;'*
the foregoing disousalon, establishes In the.aneijr; '
' ' '* ''"
*? '
" ' '
'" -' '; ;.
'v-Tirr.r-wsrxri
of carbonate (with^respeot to tha hydroxyl ion concentration^'
greeterthan-that required for ooaplete .raaotlon* witVth#?^"
material with whloh the carbonate reaot^ to produoe^the^Vi
^^it^ie^d product of
J^ia``definite
,,of excess carbonatlon was presented In the amendment gdatedH'
I
j-
;..'
* V' Oot^ejr^3y^939,;
;" '/" ' ';v*v*v;V . ' .7 I'yC^'ljJll^^.^seen therefore ,v
thatjthe'i:
..
N>
BiJsr*i''y}L'~\-f? '.: second and third ..sentences in the. .third paragrap|i or'^the ^ .`'Y'-*1
'figs: amendment dated October 13, 1939 are not' inconsistent<r Thev
bicarbonate, ion concentration in the anolyte is an'Indicator
ov;, r ||!^yggv
oft the.concentration of hydroxyl ions in the anolyte. In ft
accordance with the present inrent Ion, the bicarbonate ion gg
'Concentration in the anolyte is adjusted by incorporating
I/*!&><VV-/. :r >hydroxyl ions in the anolyte in an amount eufflolent .to es
tablish therein such an amount of bioarbonate ions that it^v
la possible for carbonate end hydroxyl ions migrating from,
|^p,Xr-f
the.oatholyte to acouaulate in tha anolyte in the desired 'concentration ratio, and so to produce white lead of parti-
:i`. -
cular uniform composition. This method of controlling the ; composition of the precipitated white lead is different frea
j^;>v-,;v . I '' '4V-*-1u>~i'* iv***v^; .
the methods described in the Barrington and the Johnson et-
el. patents.
. --v-V'.-
It is believed, accordingly, that the olais..of.fth|^ ;
^ present application are now allowable in their^resent/foaaj
-T'and that the application is in condition to be passed
&& w
v. -V :,
. ^CfT
?/-iftaue. / ' ' 'ril-.
' 'V. :f-; ^
a* t -
i$iS2
\ tv- >'X. V. ijj'7
rj.^i
'.r.-.i .t, -.
"V^
io. pW^C0C008V09