Document vBr7k5wn9y0GBZjwk8Y28Y229

/ 22142 RULES AND REGULATIONS Tmi 0-2 (c) Methods of compliance--(1) En gineering methods. (I) Engineering con Material Miour ttme weighted average Acceptable celling concentration Acceptable m&ztraum peak above the acceptable celling eonceotra* tlon tor an S-hour shill. -- -- Concentration Maximum duration trols. Engineering controls, such as. but not limited to. isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this Reiuene (Z37.4-10G9).................................... tOp.p.m............ 24 p.p.m.............. 40 p.p.m.............. !0 nilnotta. Beryllium and beryllium compounds 2jig./M*..............6j*g./M*..-.......... 26*g./M*.............. 30 minutes. (Z37.21M9T0). Cadmium fume (Z37.6-I970)........................O.lmg./M*........... 3mg./M*........................................... Cadmium dust (Z37.6-1070).........................0.2mg./M*........... 0.6mg./M*......................................... Carbon disulfide <Z37.-IP68)...................... 20p.p.m............ 30p.p.in.............. lOOp.p.m............. Do. Carbon tetrachloride (237.17-1967)............ 10 p.pun.............. 26 p.p.m.............. 200p.p.tn........... 6 rotnuies In any 4 hours: Ethylene dibromlde (747.31-1970)............... 20p.p.m.............. 30p.p.m.............. 60 p.p.m.............. 6 minutes, Ethylene dlcblorlde (237.21-J969)................50 p.p.m.............. lOOp.p.m............ 200p.p.m............ (mlnutesln any 3 hours: Formaldehyde (237.16-1967).......................3 p.p.m*............ 8 p.pjn................JOp.p.m.............. 30 minutes. Hydrogen nuorid*<Z37.28-1969)................do.................... Fluoride as dust (237.28-1969)..................... 2.6mf./M..................................................................... Lead and Its Inorganic compounds (Z37.11- 0.2mg./M`........... ........................................................ section. <JI) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed. Installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. U>) See 11910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971. and the Methyl'chlortde (Z37.18-1969)...................... lOOp.p.m......... 200p.p.m.............. lOOp.p.m............ 5 minutes In esy 3 hours: Methylene Chloride (Z37J-1969)................. M0p.p.m......... 1,000 p.p.m........... 2,000 p.pjn........ $ minutes In any 2 hours. maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute is Organo (alkyl) mercury (Z37.30-1969).........0.0lmg./M*... O.CWmgJM*......................................... Styrene (Z37.1S-J969)...................................lOOp.p.m.......... 200p.p.m.............. 600 p.p.m........... 6 minutes (n eny 3 hours. Trichloroethylene (Z37.19-1967)....do......______________ ___ do 300 p.p.m....... 6 minutes In any 2 hours. Tetrachloroethylene (237.22-1967)......................do.................. do............................ do................ 5 minutes la eny 3 hours. Tolaene (Z37.12-1967).................................. 200 p.pjn........ 300 p.pjn........... 600p.p.m........... 10 minutes. Hydrogen sulfide (Z37.2-1966)............................................... 20 p.pjn...,......... 60 p.pjn.............. 10 minutes once only U no other measur* able exposure Mercury (747.1-1971)................................ Chromic acid and chromates (237.7-1971) 1 mg./lOM. ...... do*.... given in 51910.100. (iil> Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, such as. but not limited to. saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems in accordance with subdivision (11) of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(i) Wet methods. Table 0-3--Mjkeial Dusts Substance Mppcf Mg/M* Aerodynamic diameter (unit density sphere) Percent pissing selector Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. scored, or otherwise worked in a wet Silica: Crystalline: Quarts (respirable).............. ,, ,,, . 2401 lOmg/M* %8lOt+6 %8lOt+2 Quartz (tout dost)...................... ...... ... 30mg/M* Cristoballte: Use )$ the value calculated (rom the count or mass formulae for quarts. Trldymlte: Use H the value calculated from the for mulae (or quartz. Amorphous. Including natural diatotnaceous earth............... %S|OH-2 20 80mg/M* %31Q 2 90 2.6 76 3.6 60 6.0 26 10 0 The measurements under this note refer to the use ot an A EC Instrument. It the respirable traction ot coal dost Is determined with a M RE the figure corresponding to that ot2.4 Ug/M* In the table for coet dust ls4A Mg/M*. 1910.93a Asbestos. C(a) Definitions. For the purpose of is section. (I) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile. amosite, crocidolite, tremoUte, anthophyllite. and actinollte. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. <ii) Particular products and opera tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the Silicates (less than 1% crys talline silica): Mica..................................... 6oapstone............................. Talc (non-asbestos-form)... Talcdihrous). Use asbestos limit .......... ....... Tremollte (see talc, nitrous) Portland cement..,............ Orephite (natural)....'....... Coal dust (respirable traction less than 6% S10)................. For more than 6% SIOi........... Inert or Nuisance Dust: Respirable traction... Total dust.................. 20 20 SO* 60 16 2.4mg/M* or ___ lOmg/M* %8tOi+2 IS Smg/M* SO 1Smg/M* Note: Conversion lectors-- mppc(X33.3-mllllon particles per cubic meter -particles per c.c. Millions of particles per cubic toot ot air. based on tmplnger samples counted by light-field technics. t The percentage ot crystalline slllce In the formula Is the amount determined (rom air-borne samples, ex cept In those Instances in which other methods have been thown to be applicable. I As determined by the membrane filter method at 430Xnhase contrast magnification. Both concentration and percent quartz for the opplleatlon ot this limit arc to le determined Iroro the traction passing a size-seiccior with the following characteristics: Containing < 1% quartz; it > I% quartz, use quarts Umtt. fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--U) Standard effective July 7, IS72. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e> of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1, 197$. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (Ui) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and In the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section and with special clothing in ac cordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. <d) Personal protective equipment-- (1)Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees. except: (i) During the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c) of this section: (ii) In work situations in which the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEONESOAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 000155 RULES AND REGULATIONS SIl Uus section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insuffi cient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (b> of this section: or iii> In emergencies. iiv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi sions u). (ii>. or iiiP of this subpara graph. and both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. i) Where a respirator is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those ap proved by the Bureau of Mines. Depart ment of the Interior, or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health. Department of Health. Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 F.R. 6244. Mar. 25. 1972). and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions < i >. < ii *. (lii >. and (iv of this subparagraph. <i> Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision <ii> or uii; of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph ib> of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. <ii> Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision <iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph <b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. < iii) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand. supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph <b) of this section, when the ceiling , or the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. Mv> Establishment of a respirator pro gram. (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American Na tional Standards Practices for Respira tory Protection. ANSI 288.2-1969, which is incorporated by reference herein. b. See 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the main tenance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in i 1910.100. <ci No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if. based upon his most recent examination, breathing zone of (he employees, on an examining physician determines tiiat membrane films of O.k micrometer po the employee will be unable to function rosity mounted in an open-face filter normally wearing a respirator, or that holder. Samples shall be taken for the the safety or health of the employee or determination of the 8-hour time- other employees will be impaired by his weighted average airborne concentra use of a respirator. Such employee shall tions and of the ceiling concentrations ol be rotated to another job or given the asbestos fibers. opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity. status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such ; different position is available. '3> Special clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of. spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph b> of this section. <4) Change rooms: <i' At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place, (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (iii) Laundering: ra) Laundering of asbestos contaminated clothing shall be done so os to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph b) of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in (a) of this subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 x (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring--(l) Initial determi ii i Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (l) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph <b' of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--<ii samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. * ii Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph <1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. <4> Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. <gi Caution signs and labels. < l > Cau tion signs. <i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the nations. Within 6 months of the publi cation of this section, every employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. monitored in such a way as to determine (ii) Sign specifications. The warning whether every employee's exposure to signs required by subdivision <i> of this asbestos fibers is below the limits pre subparagraph shall conform to the re scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em signs specified In $ 1910.145(d) (4), and ployer shall Immediately undertake a to this subdivision. The signs shall dis compliance program in accordance with play the following legend in the lower paragraph (c> of this section. panel, with letter sizes and styles of a (2) Personal monitoring--<i) Sam visibility at least equal to that specified ples shall be collected from within the in this subdivision. FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 000156 / r 22144. * RULES AND REGULATIONS Legend Asbestos ________ Dust Hazard Avoid Breathing Dust__ Wear Assigned Protective Equipment. Do Not Remain In Area Unless Your Work Re quires It. Breathing Asbestos Dust May Be Hazardous To Your Health. Notation l" Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. 'i" Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. >;' Gothic. U " Gothic. `i" Gothic. 14 point Gothic. Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2> Caution labels--(J> Labeling.Cau tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph <b> of thissection will be released. Ui> Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: CAtrnoH Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm <h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if. with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment. and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing. consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed Impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (1) Recordkeeping---(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, which indicates the em to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. Occupational Safety and Health, the (3) Employee notification. Any em Director of NIOSH, to authorized physi ployee found to have been exposed at any cians and medical consultants of either time to airborne concentrations of asbes of them. and. upon the request of an em tos fibers in excess of the limits pre ployee or former employee, to his physi scribed in paragraph (b) of this section cian. Any physician who conducts a shall be notified in writing of the expo medical examination required by this sure as soon as practicable but not later paragraph shall furnish to the employer than 5 days of the finding. The employee of the examined employee all the infor shall also be timely notified of the cor mation specifically required by this rective action being taken. paragraph, and any other medical in- . (J) Medical examinations--(11 Gen formation related to occupational ex- eral. The employer shall provide or make posure to asbestos fibers. available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re 1910.94 Vcnlilation. quired by this paragraph. (a) Abrasive blasting--(1) Defini (2) Preplacement. The employer shall tions applicable to this paragraph.-- (i) provide or make available to each of his Abrasive. A solid substance used in an employees, within 30 calendar days fol abrasive blasting operation. lowing his first employment in an (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A occupation exposed to r.irborne con continuous flow air-line respirator con centrations of asbestos fibers. & compre structed so that it will cover the wearer's hensive medical examination, which shall head. neck, and shoulders to protect him include, as a minimum, a chest roent from rebounding abrasive. genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 (iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete inches), a history to elicit symptom enclosure which rotates on an axis, or atology of respiratory disease, and which has an internal moving tread to pulmonary function tests to include tumble the parts, in order to expose vari forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced ous surfaces of the parts to the action of expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.n). an automatic blast spray. (3) Annual examinations. On or be (iv> Blast cleaning room. A complete fore January 31. 1973. and at least an enclosure in which blasting operations nually thereafter, every employer shall are performed and where the operator provide, or make available, comprehen works inside of the room to operate the sive medical examinations to each of his blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the employees engaged in occupations ex abrasive material. posed to airborne concentrations of as (v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure bestos fibers. Such annual examination where the operator stands outside and shall include, as a minimum, a chest operates the blasting nozzle through an roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x opening or openings in the enclosure. 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom <vi> Clean air. Air of such purity that atology of respiratory disease, and it will not cause harm or discomfort to an pulmonary function tests to Include individual if It Is inhaled for extended forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced periods of time. expiratory volume at 1 second <FEV . (vii) Dust collector. A device or com (4) Termination of employment. The bination of devices for separating dust employer shall provide, or make avail from the air handled by an exhaust able. within 30 calendar days before or ventilation system. after the termination of employment of (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A any employee engaged In an occupation system for removing contaminated air exposed to airborne concentrations of from a space, comprising two or more asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical of the following elements (a) enclosure examination which shall include, as a or hood, (b) ductwork, (c) dust collect minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos ing equipment. Id) exhauster, and (e) terior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history discharge stack. to elicit symptomatology of respiratory (ix) Particulate-fitter respirator. An disease, and pulmonary function tests air purifying respirator, commonly re to include forced vital capacity (FVC) ferred to as a dust or a fume respirator, and forced expiratory volume at 1 second which removes most of the dus* or fume (FEV,,). from the air passing through the device. (5) Recent examinations. No medical (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in examination is required of any em sizes capable of passing through the up ployee. if adequate records show that per respiratory system to reach the the employee has been examined in ac lower lung passages. cordance with this paragraph within the (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An past i-year period. enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned (6) Medical records--({) Mainte are positioned on a rotating table and are nance. Employers of employees examined passed automatically through a series of pursuant to this paragraph shall cause blast sprays. to be maintained complete and accurate (xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible records of all such medical examina application of an abrasive to a surface tions. Records shall be retained by by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pres employers for at least 20 years. sure. or centrifugal force. (li) Access. The contents of the rec (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blast ords of the medical examinations ing. (1) Abrasives and the surface required by this paragraph shall be made coatings on the materials blasted are available, for Inspection and copying. shattered and pulverized during blasting FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEONESOAY, OCTOBER 18, 1472 000157