Document vBmBg5VOGxdVQBV9Xzr3veZOm
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*/ DEPARTMENT OF THE IN
yi't
Al b e r t B. Fa l l , Secreta
. Un i t e d St a t e s Ge o l o g i c a
' Ge o r g e Ot is Smit h , Dire
ERAL RES
OF THE
UNITED ST
1918
G. F. LOUGHUN Geologist In Charge* Division of Minera
Pa r t I--METALS
G. F. LOUGHLIN, Geologist i
N49746
WASHINGTON
LEAD.
Bj C. E. SlEBENTHAL.
SUMMARY.
The following tabular statement gives the g domestic production and consumption of es compiled by the United States Geologica
Summon/ of statistics of refined lead, 1917-18, in
PRODUCTION.
-estlcdcsllvcrlzod Icod....................................................... estlo soft lead..................................................................... ~tlo desllveritod soft lead.............................................. .
s desilverized lead........................................................ . Total refined primary * lead.......................................... tJmoaial lead....................................................................... . ~daryolead......................................................... '.......... .
CONSUMPTION.*1
*nt consumption of primary lead, slocks disregarded
"Primary load/' which Is produced directly from ore, Is hero disting ' Is obtained by refining sklmmings, drosses, and old motals. The uon p. 944 Wherever in this report tho word "load" Is used withou por method of calculating consumption see p. 909.
4 -11 ie output of refined lead in the United State
918 was 539,905 short tons, valued at $76,66 e of pig lead in New York, compared with $94,333,000 in 1917--a loss- in quantity of 8 t, and a loss in value of $17,666,000, or nearly
INTRODUCTION.
. estimate of the production of refined lead rts received from every lead smelter, in oper .ifthe United States Geological Survey on Jan imate included the actual production for the 1918 and estimates for the remainder of the ires for the production and consumption of
for the imports and exports of lead in ore an the preliminary report on the mineral reso tea in 1918, published August 7, 1919. The a, in addition to the statistics given in the
938
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1M8--PART I.
LEAD.
tables and curves showing production, value, consumption, imports, exports, and prices for a period of years, and embodies certain his
torical notes on the reaction of tiio load industry to tho war. Tho statistics of production of lead in LI)is country in 1!)I8 havo
been compiled by the Geological Survey from confidential reports
submitted by each lead-smelting company in operation during the year. The'statistics of the recovery of secondary lead were also
collected by the Geological Survey. The statistics of domestic con sumption of refined lead arc taken m part from the refiner y returns and in part from tho records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Oommorco, of the Department of Commerce, and tho statistics of foreign production are compiled from tho sources indicated in connection
with the tables here presented.
PRODUCTION BY MON
The collection of statistics of the prod intervals during the period of participation tho war gives tho data for the following tab
Pained primary lead produced in the United Stales, 19
*
Month.
January....................................................................... March.......................................'...... ....................................................
ITtODUCTtON.
QUANTITY AND VALUE.
The refined lead produced in the United States from 1720 to 1914 from domestic ores and from foreign ores and baso bullion and its value at tho average price in New York are shown in a table in the chapter on lead in Mineral Resources for 1914. Details for years later than 1905 are shown in the table below.
Production, price per pound, and value of refined lead in the United Stales, 1720-1918.
Year.
17,0(1 foreignFrom do-
Dosilvcr-
soft
lead.'
Total pro dilution.
mosUcorcs and baso
load.", b
bullion.&
From ores.
From foreign
hnso bullion.
1`rico per pound al New
York.d
1720-1905. 1906......... 1907......... 1008.........
1909......... 1910.........
1119)1112..............
1913......... 1914......... 1915.........
1916......... 1917.........
1918.........
Short tons. Short tuns. Short tons.
2.081.836 7,332,915
313,886
90,860 404,746
313,588
99,801 413,380
205,552 101,012 396,564
329,751 117,158 440,909
328,954 141,318 470,272
331,1132 .Till, 646
155,947 141,24*
486,970 4HO, KIM
3:10,593 131,807 462, 400
383,903 158, 219 542,122
388,594 101,461 650,055
403,610 167,515 571,134
422,266 188, 503 010,769
429,732 210,463 640,L95
Short tons. Short i<jns.\ShoTi tons.
0,032,3K3
1,300,532
330,200 28,803 39,743
352,381 24,041 36,967
311,000 11,509 '73,389
352,839 21,754 72,310
375, 402 18,065 76.805
301.905 10,704 84,220
302, 517 11,572 70.805
411,878 13,223 37,359
512,794
7,039 21,089
507,020
9,581 33,448
552,228
0,085 12,821
548,450 15,872 46.447
539.905 15,334 84,956
$0,057 .053 .042 .043 .044 .045 .045 .044 .039
.047 .069 .086
.071
0,862,195 3,047,208
2,191,739
$034,403,000 40.141.000 43,819,000' 33.311.000 38.434.000 41.384.000 43.828.000 43.280.000 40.096.000 < 42.286.000 4 61.705.000 78.817.000 | 105.052.000 ] 90.908.000 ]
1,334,064,000 j
October.............................. ...............................................................
November...........T.T .,
..........................................................
Doccrabor.................................................................................................
t thf nabl? giveI\ above all secondary In the following table, which shows the m antimomal lead, and bullion of domestic an quantity at smelters and refineries and in load proilucod at smoltors treating ore is no therefore, are not comparable with those give Ihe table below shows the narrow margin o and the larger quantities of lead and bulli freight congestion in the early part of the lead given as stocks were of course not fre commitment or under allotment.
Lead, antimonial lead, and bullion produced and in sto . tons.
Production during month.
Month.
Domes tic re fined.
Foreign Antirefined. monlal
Domestio bul
lion.
Fore bulli
a Desilverized soft lead Is Included; for quantity see pngo 942.
t> Antimonlol lead Is excluded; for quantity see page 943. c Desilverized soft lead Is excluded, d For 1917 and 1918, average sales price.
; January,........................... 44,721
February........................... : March................................
40,415 43,618
. April.................................. ' May.................................. f June.................................. [ July.................................... I August....................................
40,473 47.703
47,929 46,460 47,890
[ -September.............................. 47,239
S October................................. * 63,193
[November................. ;___ 48,269
i Deoetnber.......................... 44.704
4,249
5,835 7,222 9,922 8,292 9,107 8,938 8,101 8,327 8,990 8,748 9,770
1,483 1,099 2,779
3,305 1,746 1,346
485 2,420
1,126 2,182 1,950 1,868
29,270
26,763 26,145 27,100 29,409
24,964 26,098 25,250 23,370 24,433 23,653 24,958
2,4
2,9 4,2 2,8
6,5 6,9 6,1
6.7 4,1 3,7 4,6 6,7
940
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1018----PART 1.
Lead antimonial lead, and bullion produced arul in slock, in 19IX, by months, in short ' tons--Continued.
Slocks at refineries at end of monlli.
Lead in transit at end of month.
Month.
Lead in
Domes-
Foreignlie rollon.fined.
Refined
rofined.
nni. sep arated .
Anilmenial.
Domostic iml-
Foreign bullion.
process and by
prod
ucts.
Domes(io refinod.
Foreign refined
Domostlc bul
lion.
Foreign bullion.
January -- February...
March.......... April........... May............. June............. July............ August........ Septemlwr
October___ Novemlicr.
Decemlwr.
9,725 1,732 10,010
7,617 2,021 7,330
0,730
739 3,609
2,258 1,253 2,045
2,700
530 2,813
2,275
277 1,720
2,340
222 1,450
2,243
1,187
3.617 446 744
2,430
7(59
I2,510
10,314
i6.i"
1,092 4,513
l,0Gf> 1,572
598 2,498 1,868 1,041
424
899 445
199 605 1,303
1,842
1,373 7,482 6,316 6,785 0.347 6,290 4,193 4,401 1,983 2,250 6,135
80
30 954 10,341
12,013 13,209 9,782
10,111 8,201
7,103 4,045 2,924
19,235 19,992
19,973 25,195
24,061 26,403 29,900 34,465 30,540 34,379 34,035 35,717
12,038
13,475 12,407 9,377
10,380 8,428 11,095
11,925 11,340
12,855 It), 573 5,932
81 10,993 16,741
532 10,053
426 0,181
137 9,100
800 8,728
880 8,408
10,037
11,870
i 12,289
iiV
9, 700 8,797
13,017
12,258 9,807 7,330 8.009 0,058 5,803 ' 6,015 4,087
5.222 4,549
0,190
PRODUCTION BY STATES.
The production of refined lead can with difficulty be apportioned according to sources of ore, owing to the fact that lead refiners treat
products already smelted, whose origin may, as m custom refining, be unknown to them, because the identity of the ore is preserved
only os far as the smelter. Accordingly, the following table, is com
piled, so far as possible, from smelter figures. It includes pig lead reported by all known smelters running on Mississippi Valley or southern lead ores and "work lead" produced at all other lead smelters in this country. The greater part of the product reported by smelters operated in conjunction with refineries is stated in terms
of refined lead. A like part of the antimonial lead is thus elimi nated from the "work lead" produced and appears only m the
figures of production of antimonial lead.
.
,,
In addition to the domestic lead ores smelted in this country, small
quantities of domestic lead ore have been exported to smelters in
Canada. In 1012 soft lead amounting to 02 tons was smelled from
Wisconsin ores at Canadian smelters, and in 1913 soft lead amount
ing to 37 tons from Wisconsin ores and desilverized lead amounting to 98 tons from Idaho and Washington ores were smelted at Cana
dian smelters. The desilverized lead smelted in Canada from Wash ington ores amounted to 31 tons in 1914, to 137 tons in 1915, and
to 2 001 tons in 191(i. In 1917 silver-lead ores from Idaho and Montana smelted in Canada produced 4,570 tons of lead. Ores from Washington yielded 1,388 tons of lead at Canadian smelters in
1918.
P rim a ry lead smelted or refined in the United States, I9C
T .i? A n
942
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1U18--PART I.
SOFT LEAD.
The lead ores of the Mississippi Valley arc almost free from silver
and the lead produced from them is known as "soft lead." A little lean ore of this kind is also mined in Washington and other
Western States, but this ore has been generally smelted by plants treating argentiferous lead ore, and thus the resulting lead has notbeen distinguished from the desilverized product of those plants. With two exceptions, the smelters running exclusively on these soft-lead ores do not desilverize their product. Their output is shown in the column headed "Soft lead" in the table on pnge 938, giving the pro duction of refined lead for 1720-1918. However, considerable softlead ore has been annually smelted and some purchased soft pig lead has been desilverized by the silver-lead smelters. Sinco 1004 tho St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. has regularly desilverized its product. In 1915 the St. Joseph Lead Co. installed desilverizing kettles, and a part of its product has sinco been desilverized. This desilverized soft lead, for the years prior to 1906, has not been recorded separately from tho lead produced from silver-lead ores, though the lead content of the soft-lead ores so smelted and desilver ized nas been recorded since 1894. Since 1906 the quantity of soft lead produced by each State has been recorded, as shown in part in thepreceding table. In thofollowing table the undesilverized output of the soft-lead smelters is given in the first column and the refined lead output from soft-lead ores smelted and desilvorized is given in the second column. The figures do not give the total quantity of lead recovered from soft-lead ores, for the lead recovered in the form of pigments, which are made principally from soft-lead ores, should be taken into account. The lead content of pigments smelted directly from ore in 1918 is given in tho fourth column, and the total output of soft lead in the fifth column. The percentage which the total production of soft lead makes of the total domestic production of lead, composed of refined domestic lead plus lead in pigments and lead in antimonial lead, is shown in the last column. As will be noted, tho percentage ranges from 37 to nearly 50 in the period under review. A littlo foreign lead is incorporated in tho lead content of
the leaded zinc pigment, but as it is difficult to determine just what quantity is involved it has been disregarded.
Soft lead produced in the United Slates, 1907-1918, in short tons.
Yoar.
Soft pig load.
8 ofMosul
recovered Total
Undesil* Uosilver- Total
verlxed.
ized. pig lead.
In pig* meuts.
soil load.
load .<*
Soft load percent*
ago of total domestlo
lead.
1007.... 1908... 1909... 1910... 1911... 1012... 1913...
1914. - 1915... 1916... 1917...
1918...
99,801 101,012
117,158 141,318 155*947 141,248 131,867 158,219
16l' 461 167'515 188,503 210,463
29,829 29,809
32,532 27,952 35,007 29,789 29,433
43,500 44,001 68,244 56,268 47,418
129,630 130,881 149,690 169,270 191,614 171,037 161,300
201,725 205,462 235,759 244 , 771
257,881
0,574 7,377
7,292 7,003 7,678 10,323 10,993 11,914 12,782 13,252 12,870
13,093
130,204
138,258 156.982 170,873 199,292 181,360 172.298
213,639 218,244 249,011 257,641
270,974
305,506 326,657 367,303
391,543 407,767 410,159 435,343
537,676 536,312
580,225 .574,338 502,218
37
42 43 45 49 44 40 40 41 43 45 48
a Includes domestic reilned lead, domestic load In antimonial lead, and domestic lead Jn pigments.
LEAD.
ANTIMONIAL LEAD.
I lie production of by-product antimonial lead from lead ores derived from all sources, as reported by all le operating in this country, is shown for the period 1871years hem# estimated from the output of desilverized lea in tho chapter on lead in Mineral Resources, 1914. Th later years arc given in the table below. Since 1909 pro been asked to distinguish between the by-product an derived from ore and oullion of foreign origin and that fr ores. Inasmuch as the antimonial skimmings are w hatches, tho output of antimonial lead in any one year d essarily correspond strictly to tho bullion rofinod durin hence thooutput of antimonial lead is distributed as betw and foreign in proportion to the lead refined from domes foreign bullion during the year. Tho total antimonial le during tho period 1907-1918 was equal to 5.13 per cen lead refined from domestic and foreign bullion during
By-product antimonial lead produced in the United Slates, 1907
Year.
Antimonial lead.
Tleontdal
roflncd from
baso bullion (short
Ions).
Torrent-
ogoofhy-
product From
antf- domostlc
monial
ore
lead.
(short
tons).
From foreign
ore
(short
Quan tity (short tons).
Tola .
Antim cont
Short tons.
1907....
283,759
1008.... 1909....
265,683 297,219
1910....
301,002
1911................. ! 295^365
1912................. j 309,857
1913................. 301,160
1914................. 1 340,307
1915................. 1 344,593
1916................. | 335,375
1917................. ' 365,998
1918................. : 382,314
Averago.
3.5 5.1 4.3 4.7 4.8
54..54
4.0
6.7 7.2
5.1 4.9
7,780 9,274 8,889
30,140 9,636 8,549 14,667 16,475 19,371
17,246 15,279 10,777
2,130
4,355 4,007
3,929 4,442 5,003 1,908 1,1D2 3,853
6,792 3J67 7,793
9,910 13,629 12,806 14,069 14,078
J1f3l.,f5lf5W2
16.607 23,224 24,038 18,646
18,570
SI 322 985 1 264 771
1 231 010
1 338 090 1 380 556
11 311 348 691 854
1 672 167 3 665 736 4 483 582 3 781 660 2 826 350
1,561 2,440
2,360 2,229 2,254 1,949 2,508 2,693 3,425 3,496 2,769
2,666
---- -- __ .. _ _ __
Details of the production and consumption of antim United States are given in the chaptor on antimony Resources, 1918.
LEAD PIGMENTS.
PIGMENTS SMELTED DIRECTLY FROM ORE,
In addition to leaded zinc oxide and zinc-lead oxide noted more particularly in connection' with the produc pigments, two other lead pigments are made direct namely, sublimed white lead and sublimed blue lead white lead consists of lead sulphate 75 per cent, lead o cent, and zinc oxide 5 per cent. Sublimed blue lead con sulphate 50 to 53 per cent, lead oxide 41 to 38 per cent
N.
944
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1(118--PART I.
proportions of lead sulphide, lead sulphite, and zinc oxide. Zinc- \
leaa oxide contains from 46 to 50 per cent of lead sulphate, from 52 i
to 46 per cent of zinc oxide, and a small quantity of zinc sulphate.
No zinc-lead oxide is made at present. Leaded zinc oxide may vary :
from 4 to 20 per cent in lead sulphate, the remainder being zinc i
oxide, with a small portion of zinc sulphate.
;
The lead content of pigments smelted dircotly from oro is given in j
the fourth column of the table on page 942. As there are but two pro- j
ducers of sublimed lead or basic lead sulphate, the output may not '
be revealed. The production of leaded zinc oxide is given in the '
chapter on zinc.
LEAD.
MINE PRODUCTION.
tablos ?ivo tho quantity of lead reco
PIGMENTS MANUFACTURED FROM PIG LEAD. Manufactured leml -pigments sold in 1917-18.
Pigment.
1917 1918
Quantity (sliorL' tons).
Value.
A verngo Quantity price (short
por ton. tons).
Valuo.
Avnrago prlco
por ton.
Basic carbonate whlto lead:
In oil..................................................... Dry.......................................................
Rod lead..................................................... } Orange minoral......................................... Lithargo......................................................
87,331 27,869 25,178
44,102
$17,608,007 4,920,804
5,523,018
8,011,074
184,780 36,603,923
$201.03 176.57
210.78
195.25
82,709 $17,224,480 20,089 3,542,368 30,000 5,928,597 48,874 8,825,724
181,831 35,521,169
$208.03 176.33
107.17
180.58
SECONDARY LEAD.
Secondary lead is obtained mainly from skimmings, drosses, old metal, and alloys, such as babbitt, solder, and typo metal. The recovery of lead by refining these materials constitutes an integral part of the lead industry. This business is carried on mostly at small refineries scattered over the United States, but the large smelters and refineries working primary lead frequently find it advantageous to incorporate material from secondary sources. The
f>roduct of such secondary refineries is of two classes--pig lead and
cad in alloys. The lead in alloys may have been recovered in the form of pig lead and alloyed at the refinery, or it may havo been refined os an alloy, being brought to the desired composition by the addition of the requisite metal.
Secondary lead recovered in the United States, 1V0V-191H, in short tons.
MINE PRODUCTION, 1907-1918.
The following table gives the output of lead since
MissmmnSs fimt6 rink i^mlT^
^-prod
period, with IckSTn'll^^^ruthl"
held fourth place until 1918 when Oklahoma wenj ^t
147oC6--m r 1918--p t . 1____60
.
Year.
Pig lead.
Lead in alloys.
Total re covered
lead.
Value.
1909. 1910.
11901112..
1913. 1914. 1915. 1910. 1917. 1918.
18,360 29,492
27,389 30,206
33,104 29,337
30,400 50,700 45,100 41,146
23,327
25,930 20,895 30,002 39,730 31,725
42,500 39,000
48,400 55,954
41,087
55,422
54,284 07,108 72,834 01,002
78,900 90,300
93,500 97,100
S3,585,000 4.877.000 ,
4.836.000 0,045,000 ,
0,409,000 \
4.763.000 i 7.416.000 i 13.289.000 ] 16.082.000 J 13.788.000 I
M ine production o f lead by States, 1907-1918, in short tons.
946
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1018--PART I
LEAD.
MtNE PRODUCTION BY KINDS OP O
The following table shows for each lCad-produ qua. ntit-y of .leaa-bbeeaarriinng ores produced and the of lead-bearing ore., T,he column he-a--d--e--d "A--ll oo copper ore, copper-load ore, and dry or siliceou protluccd in Colorado contained 8,638 short to Nevada, 2,914 tons. This lead, as in other State from parts of the ore from certain counties, ho distributed through the whole of the ."All oth Colorado and Arizona; The total crude ore y silver, copper, lead, or zinc is given for each lead that a comparison may be made of the relative ex operations in these States, of which the
is the best measure. As shown by the table, Misso mg position in the production of crude lead or 70 per cent of the crude lead ore mined in the Un Oklahoma raised nearly 40 per cent of the crude in 1918. Missouri, which for many years had he output of crude ore carrying any or all of the fiv gave way to Arizona, Utah, and Michigan with tion of low-grade copper ore.
The table gives the quantity of lead contained each State m 1918 and the lead content of each ore. Ihe percentage of lead contained in the lea ore, and the zinc ore of each State is also given. lead ore, in States haying a considerable produ 32.3 per cent in Washington down to 3.3 per ce average for all the States was 6.2 per cent. The much less rich in lead than the lead ores, averagi average lead content of the zinc ores was 0.1 per mine production of lead in 1918, a quantity co per cent was derived from lead ores, 26.2 per cent 0.2 per cent from zinc ores, and 2.6 per cent from figures of mmo production of lead are taken fro gold silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the various in the prefatory note.
948 M IN E R A L RESOURCES, 1918---- PAR T I.
Mine production of lead in the United States in 1918, by States and hinds of ore, in short tons.
Lead ores. _.
Lead-zinc ores. J
Zinc ores.
All other ores.
Total.
State.
Lead content.
Lead content.
Crude ore.
Quantity
Per centage
Crude ore.
Quantity ,|ce^^e
Crude ore.
Lead content.
Crude ore.
Quantity.
Per centage
Lead con- -Crudeore. tent, i
Lead
con tent.
Arizona.................................................................
79, SI 1
Colorado.............................................................. Idaho..................................................................
3$, : *( 1S3,274
1,420,.STS
5,710
6,247 16.578 131,446
Missouri.............................................................. Utah ............................................................
5,532. 00-. 31,423 48,169
17,945 43
2 357
49 527,759
8,125
181,302 3,269 6,436
3,068 29
1 27
13 56,759
2,624
Percentage of total lead derived from each
7,389,181
413,679 71.1
7.2 13,043
16.1 9.0 9.3
291.196 490,917 280,900
1,025,400
3.3 10.4 13.5
17.3 67.4
50.0 7.6
26.5 10.8
32.3
3,614.209 1,090,955
23,246 75
13,933
5,754,700
32,217
428,985 25,908
2,377.300
5.2 15.462,975
! 404 j
3.i
7,002 15,803 2,273 7,252
12,783 15,240 2 203
' 30 569
56,097
2.4 3.2
.3
.3 1.4 9.5 40.0 4.1
1.0
1,705
25,571 815
4,533
152,280
5.3
6.6 3.1
.2
1.0
2,129 37,000 17.349 60.350 5,506
a 3,150
1,873 10,977
110.213 40,850
13 120 29 862 90
1 55
2
5SS,742 1,849
.
3
.....................I
8S9.98S
1,180
O.S .3 o
1.4 1.6
.1 .5
.2 .
2,817,624
574 i 2,817,624
IS, 943,503
123 19,033,486
........ . 37,000
2,447,316
410 ; 2,503,411
1,780,070 8,538 : 2,314,890
174,313
9 2,091,619
........
280,900
... . ' 1,025,400
O')
185 '
Si 150
6.699,716
58 ! 7iS23,907
6,390,187 2,914 ! 6,472,579
4,607,693
530 ! 4,749,784
126,679 . 1,782,206
529.012 50.543 13,747,125
130,7S6
4 i 'l26i6Sl
1.171 14,705,713 12 . 138,911
5C4
0,252 120
C.6S6
32.9S0 147,348
2,273 7,252
185 194,175
13.568
11,658 30
4,199 29
50,097
5 27
1,705 13
S3,504 815
2.636 4,533
.1 60,220.773 14.515 | S4.I6S.922 581,654
25.2
.2
100.0
Estimated.
b By-product from unknown quantity of fluorspar ore.
OB
/ 3P
(5
mEL
OrCf-l
J3
Offlg
g = &
J2r- =X.-s^-s c*,
p-
c^
oC+-^cgp^"^,xo.
---S*oC~ p -s
pg cCt - (eprs<5* 'fP<0*c30--o*-0pSg22t1f3S3?l .
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H0d00w d ZO
w
rsg
Os;fflg^ 3o
3*0^ ap"*0 c&r- i-- -p Crc8,0
PpH * P- O
e OH*CH-O(
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