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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Strip B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. Physical Properties: Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for your in sulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high ten sile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and phy sical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not separate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Color White Fiber Diameter 2.8 microns (average) Fiber Length 4" (average) (to 10") Specific Gravity 2.56 (ASTM Cl88) Specific Heat at 1800 F mean 0.255 Btu/lb/F Tensile Strength, Fiber 1.9 x 10s/lb/sq. in. Tensile Modulus, Fiber 16.8 x 106/lb/sq. in. Use Limits: Continuous 2300 F Single Application 3000 F Melting Point 3200 F Hardness 6--MOH's scale 700--Knoop's scale--100 gr loading Chemical Properties: B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid and strong alkalies. Kaowool is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are restored after drying. Chemical Analysis Alumina, Al303 Silica, Si03 Iron Oxide, Fe303 Titania, Ti03 % 45.1 51.9 1.3 1.7 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AT VARIOUS DENSITIES 200 400 600 BOO 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 MEAN TEMPERATURE F Magnesia, MgO ........................................... Calcia, CaO ......................................................... Alkalies as Na30 ................................................. Boric Anhydride, B303 Trace 0.1 0.2 0.08 Typical Applications: Expansion Joints High Temperature Filtration Gaskets Acoustical Service for Missiles, Rockets and Jet Engines High Temperature Insulation 130-1 5-1-70 Babcock & Wilcox KaowooP Ceramic Fiber Products Wet Felt B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool wet felt is manufactured by combining Kao wool ceramic fiber with an inorganic bonding agent. It is very pliable and has good green strength. Wet felt may be cut into any size or shape, or it may be formed or molded. It will conform to any surface or contour. When dried or fired, it becomes a lightweight resilient insulator which can be sawed, cut, or sanded. It will not crack or spall or be wet by molten aluminum. Used in temperatures up to 2200F. Physical Properties: Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for your insulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high tensile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and physical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not sepa rate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Color ................. . White to off white Density .................................. 24 lbs./cubic foot Use temperature Upto2200F. Melting point Above 3200F. Modulus of Rupture . 115psi(dry) Air Permeability 3 cu. ft./min. @ 2" w. gauge Chemical Analysis: AljOj--37.6 SiOi--59.8 Na,0--0.5 BjOj--0.1 Thermal conductivity Mean temp. 500F 1000F 1500F 2000F Btu/hr/sq. ft./F/in. 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 Linear Shrinkage (%): After 24 hours at 1800F--1.9% After 24 hours at 2100F-3.1% 240-1 5-1-70 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Kaowool Spray Mix B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Spray Mix is a lightweight high temperature ceramic fiber insulation designed for pneumatic gun placement. It is composed of Kaowool ceramic fiber and inorganic binders, which after being mixed with water at the spray gun nozzle, will adhere to the surface to be insulated. Physical Properties* Density....................................................... 12-13 lb. /cu. ft. Use limit........................................................................ 1800F Hot Face Shrinkage, % 24 hrs @ 1600F........................... 24 hrs @ 1800F 0.6-0.8 1.0-1.4 Compressive Strength, psi 5% Deformation ...........................................................0.6 10% Deformation ............................................................ 1.6 20% Deformation ....................................................... 3.8 Data are average results of control tests and are subject to normal variation. Results should not be taken as maxi mum or minimum requirements for specifications. Moisture Content, As Applied..................................... 65% f 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 MEAN TEMPERATURE, F B&W Kaowool spray mix offers the specific advantages of a monolithic Kaowool lining. Kaowool spray mix can be applied on irregular surfaces and will fit perfectly eliminating possibility of air circulation between the Kaowool mix and the surface being insulated. Some application areas would be: large ducts and piping, furnace linings, doors, process heaters, etc. 270-1 5-1-70 Spray Mix 1350 Spray Mix 750 Spray Mix B&W 1350 Spray Mix & 750 Spray Mix are quality mixtures of virgin African asbestos fibers and inorganic heat-resist ant binders. The components have been combined by a controlled blending process which assures product uni formity and optimum consistency for spray application. Physical Properties: DENSITY 750 SPRAY MIX 7.5-15.0 Ibs./cu. ft. USE LIMIT 750F THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEAN TEMP..F BTU/Ft'/ln./Hr/F 200 .37 500 .47 800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 5-7 Ibs./sq. in. WfeATHER RESISTANT 25% Deformation Not affected by rain, snow, or freezing conditions. 1350 SPRAY MIX 7.5-15.0 Ibs./cu. ft. 1350F BTU/Ft'/ln./Hr/F 0.37 0.49 0.68 5-7 Ibs./sq. in. 25% Deformation Approximate Material Usage (Plain Surfaces) CKNESS Vi" 1" 1 Vi" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" POUNDS/SQ. FT. .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 SQ. FT./50 LB. BAG 100.0 50.0 33.3 25.0 16.7 12.5 10.0 8.3 7.1 6.3 5.5 5.0 Note: Material usage will vary with applicator (mechanic) and complexity of surface. It is suggested that a 10 percent safety factor be included. In estimating requirements, an inexperienced applicator could conceivably use up to 25% more material than indi cated in the above tables. Typical Applications: B*W 1350 Spray Mix and 750 Spray Mix are used for insu lation on all pieces of equipment where the temperature does not exceed 1350F and 750F respectively. Applica tions include boilers, breeching ducts, piping over 18 in. dia., tanks, vessels and other process plant equipment. Also used as back-up spray for B&W Kaowool Spray Mix. 270-2 5-1-70 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Die-cut shapes B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. Die-cut pieces of Kaowool blanket or paper are available on special order. Standard products are used in accordance with the customer's requirements for a specific thickness and density. Rectangular pieces of 18 in. by 20 in. and circular pieces of 18 in. diameter are the maximum sizes which can be cut. Physical Properties: Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for-your insulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it high ten sile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and physical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not sepa rate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Color .............................................. ................................ White Fiber Diameter........................... . 2.8 microns (average) Fiber Length.............................. . 4" (average) (to 10") Specific Gravity 2.56 (ASTM Cl88) Specific Heat at 1800F. Mean 0.255 Btu/Lb/F Tensile Strength, Fiber . 1.9 x 10* Lbs./Sq. in. Tensile Modulus, Fiber 16.8 x 10* Lbs./Sq. in. Use Limits: Continuous 2300F Single Application . 3200F Melting Point 3200F Hardness . ......... 6--MOH's Scale 700--Knoop Scale 100 grams loading Chemical Properties: B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid and strong alkalies. Kaowool is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are restored after drying. Chemical Analysis is that of the product form from which the pieces are cut--blanket or paper. Tolerances: On inquiries and orders for die-cut pieces, a drawing of the part is necessary. Exceptions are made for repeat orders and for orders for simple rectangular or circular pieces whose dimensions can be simply and accurately described. Acceptable tolerances should be stated. Typical Applications: Engineered insulation parts Gaskets Seals Parting layer 310-1 5-1-70 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products M Board B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers are converted into a wide variety of useful forms. The fiber raw material is kaolin, a naturally occurring,high purity, aluminasilica fireclay. The resultant fibers have a 3200 F melting point. Individual product use limits range from 2000-3200F depending upon the applica tion. Kaowool ceramic fibers are specially proc essed for each conversion technique and when combined with appropriate binder systems pro duce a range of products having wide application. B&W Kaowool M Board is vacuum formed from a slurry consisting of combinations of specially processed Kaowool ceramic fibers and binders. Each piece is formed to a pre determined thickness and dried. The board edges are machined to be true and square. One surface is a mold surface and presents a textured screen-like appearance. The other surface is more rough, and has a bark-like tex ture. B&W Kaowool M Board has high strength for ease of handling and installation. Chemical Properties Kaowool ceramic fibers from which M Board is produced have the following chemical analysis: Alumina, AUOj............................................................. 45.1% Silica, Si02 ................................................................. 51.9% Ferric Oxide, Fe203 ..................................................... 1.3% Titania, Ti02................................................................. 1.7% Magnesia, MgO .......................................................... Trace Calcia, CaO .............................................................. 0.1 % Alkalies such as Na20................................................. 0.2% Boric Anhydride, B202 ................................................0.08% The binder is primarily silica with a small constituent of organic material. In service, theorganicconstituent will burn out at approximately 500F and at approximately 1000F, the part will present a near white appearance. B&W Kaowool M Board possesses excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid, and strong alkalies. It is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are fully restored after drying, should the board become wetted. Physical Properties: Color Density, Ibs./cu. ft. Melting point. F Modulus of rupture, psi Beige 12-16 3200 120 Compressive strength, Ibs./sq. ft. @ 5.0% Deformation................................. .. 800-1400 @ 10.0% Deformation ............................. .1400-2800 Linear shrinkage, % (max.) @ 1400 F ..................................................... .............. 0.0 @ 1600F..................................................... .............. 0.4 @ 1800 F..................................................... ...... 2.0 @ 2000' F..................................................... .2.3 @ 2200'F ................................................. .............. 3.7 @ 2400 F .................................................... 5.0 Thermal conductivity--Btu/sq. ft./in./hr./F @ Mean Temp, of 400 ............ ............... 44 600 ......................... ............... 51 800................................. ............... 60 1000 ............................... ............... 71 1200................................. ............... 83 1400................................ ............... 97 1600................................. ............ 1.12 Loss on ignition, %.......................................................... 4.7 These data are average results of control tests on standard production products. The data will vary for boards of differ ent thickness. The results should not be taken as minimums or maximums for specification purposes. 214-1 12-1-70 Typical Applications Kaowool M Board is ideal for combustion chamber con struction in either oil or gas fired combustion systems. Its good insulating value and high strength recommend it for this application. Kaowool M Board for furnace and kiln construction. M Board can be readily impaled on alloy studs for efficient and sound furnace design. Ask for B&W installation data. Kaowool M Board is ideal for launder covers conveying molten metal and molten salt. Kaowool M Board is ideal for launder and trough linings in contact with aluminum and some other non-ferrous metals. M Board surfaces can be strengthened to be more erosion-resistant to molten metal flow by the addi tion of surface rigidizing. Kaowool M Board is ideal for insulation as a back up to firebrick, insulating firebrick, castables and rammed plastics. M Board prevents high temperature gases from penetrating to the furnace shell should openings or cracks develop in the refractory hot face lining. M Board reduces the thickness of back up insulation up to 50% when replacing insulating firebrick or insulating cast ables. Thinner sections of hot face refractory can be utilized because of the high refractoriness of M Board versus other common back up insulating products. When used behind castables, a moisture barrier is recom mended. While water will not damage M Board, the water it will absorb could reduce the castable strength. Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Basic Fiber-Bulk B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool bulk fiber is available in many forms. Kaowool Bulk A--Lubricated fiber for ease of handling. Unlubricated Kaowool fibers for vacuum forming or other processing are available. Contact your B&W sales repre sentative for further information. Physical properties Color white Fiber diameter, microns .................. ..........................2.8 Fiber length, inches................................ 4 (avg) to 10 Specific gravity (ASTM C 135)............. .......................2.56 Specific heat, Btu/lb/F @ 1800F mean .................. 0.255 Fiber tensile strength, psi ............... .............. 1.65 x 10s Fiber tensile modulus, psi .............. 12.2 x 104 Use limit, F Continuous .................................. .......................2300 Melting point, F................................... ....................... 3200 Hardness: MOH ............................................... .............................. 6 Knoop (lOOg load)........................ ......................... 700 Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content; gives more usable fiber for your insulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high tensile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and physical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not sepa rate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Chemical properties B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid and strong alkalies. Kaowool is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are restored Kaowool Bulk A after drying. The lubricant in Bulk A should be burned out at 1000F prior to usage in proximity to liquid oxygen. Chemical analysis, % Kaowool Kaowool High Purity Fiber Alumina................. ..... ai2o3 45.1...... 47.0 Silica..................... ... Si02 51.9 . 52.9 Ferric oxide .......... .... Fe203 1.3....... . 0.05 (0.1 max) Titanium oxide ..... .. Ti02 . .... 1.7..... 1 Magnesium oxide MgO . . trace...... Calcium oxide ...... ..... CaO 0.1 0.07 (0.15 max) ' trace inorganics Alkalies, as........... ..... Na20 .... 0.2....... Boron oxide........... ..... B2Oj 0.08 Maximum quantities of water leachable elements on sur face of fiber. pp^ Boron Chlorine Fluorine Sulphur ....... 100 ............. 5 ......... 50 .......... 10 Typical applications Insulation: Kiln car tops, walls and crowns of annealing, brazing, heat treating and holding furnaces. Fill for roofs and walls of furnaces and kilns. Packing: Expansion joints, emergency repair and patching. Secondary product processing: Paper,- block, spray mix, vacuum formed shapes, monolithics, etc. Reinforcement for composite structures: Plastics, resins, etc. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 110-1 10-1-74 Babcock & Wilcox KaowoolCeramic Fiber Products Blanket B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool blanket contains no organic binder or other organic constituents. Blanket will not contaminate furnace atmospheres or emit offensive odors. Available in nominal densities of: 3, 4, 6 and 8 Ib/cu ft. Width: 2 ft and 4ft. Length: 25 ft. High purity blanket is also available for reducing con ditions or in applications where low percentages of iron oxide and titania are required in the fiber. Thickness B&W Kaowool blankets are manufactured in the following thicknesses for the indicated density: V* in. */2 in. 1 in. 1V2 in. 2 in. 3 lb cu ft -- yes yes yes yes 4 lb cu ft -- yes yes yes yes 6 lb cu ft yes yes yes yes -- 81b cu ft yes yes yes yes -- Physical properties Color ................................................................................white Fiber diameter, microns (avg) ........................................ 2.8 Fiber length, inches ........................................ 4 (avg) to 10 Specific gravity (ASTM C 135).......................................2.56 Specific heat, Btu/lb/F @ 1800F mean.................... 0.255 Fiber tensile strength, psi................................... 1.65 x 10s Fiber tensile modulus, psi ................................ 12.2 x 10` Use limits, F Continuous .......................................................... 2300 Single application ..................................................... 3000 Melting point, F 3200 Hardness MOH .................................................................................6 Knoop (lOOg load).......................................................700 Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for your in sulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high ten sile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and phys ical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not separate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 120*1 10-1-74 B&W Kaowool Blanket Pressure drop across Kaowool Blankets B&W Kaowool Blanket 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Mean temperature F 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Air flow velocity (ft/min) Chemical properties B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid and strong alkalies. Kaowool is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are restored after drying. Chemical analysis, % Alumina Silica Ferric oxide Titanium oxide Magnesium oxide Calcium oxide .. Alkalies, as Boron oxide .. Al203 Si02 Fe203 Ti02 MgO CaO Na20 b2o3 Kaowool Kaowool High Purity Blanket 45.1........ 47.0 51.9 52.9 1.3 0.05 (0.15 max) 1.7. ' trace 0.1 . . 0.2 . ^0.07 (0.15 max) '"trace inorganics 0.08 J Maximum quantities of water leachable elements on sur face of fiber. ppiYI Boron Chlorine Fluorine Sulphur . . . 100 5 50 10 Typical applications Furnace linings Boiler combustion chambers and heat exchangers, oil- fired Catalytic mufflers and automotive afterburners Gas turbines Fans--high temperature Laboratory ovens Steam valves of headers and steam separators Thin wall kilns--backup Water and steam tubes--backup Petroleum catalytic crackers Protection on water-cooled risers and cross-over rails-- reheating furnaces Oven linings Superheater seals Wrapping pipe and tubing after welding for stress relieving Furnace repair Acoustical service for missiles, rockets, and jet aircraft Cryogenic vessel fire protection Furnace door linings and seals Expansion joint packing High temperature filters Wrapping investment casting molds Annealing cover seals Soaking pit cover seals Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Vacuum Formed Shapes B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers are converted into a wide variety of useful forms. The fiber raw ma terial is kaolin,a naturally occurring,high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. The resultant fibers have a 3200Fmelting point. Individual product use limits range from 2000-3000 F depending upon the ap plication. Kaowool ceramic fibers are specially processed for each conversion technique and when combined with appropriate binder systems pro duce a range of products having wide application. B&W Kaowool vacuum formed shapes are drawn from a slurry consisting of combinations of Kaowool ceramic fi bers and a suitable binder system. The shapes are dried to a predetermined hardness. While certain shapes such as sleeves, cones, and board are highly standardized, most Kaowool vacuum formed shapes are engineered products and each is manufactured to specific specifications. The non-wetting characteristic of Kaowool ceramic fibers to many metals and their high refractoriness, recommend Kaowool vacuum formed shapes for a multiplicity of molten metal contact applications. Vacuum forming is the most common method of con verting ceramic fibers into special shapes, but special shapes can also be produced by other techniques such as die cutting blanket or paper, laminating and machining blanket and paper products, and still others. Physical properties Color ............................................................................... beige Density, Ib/cu ft .....................................................10-17 Melting point, F ..............................................................3200 Thickness range, inches Dependent upon shape configuration .......................\fa-2 Thermal shock resistance.........................................excellent Some properties of vacuum formed shapes are dependent upon factors of the shape configuration. For example: ther mal conductivity varies with density, which can vary with shape thickness. If there are some properties that are crit ical to an application, ask a B&W sales engineer to obtain these for the particular shape in question. Specialty shapes Oata are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results shoutd not be used for specification purposes. 200*1 10-1*74 Chemical properties B&W vacuum formed shapes possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid, and strong alkalies. Vacuum formed shapes are unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical prop erties are fully restored after drying should the shapes become wetted. The binder is primarily silica with a small constituent of organic material. In service, the organic constituent will burn out at approximately 500F and at approximately 1000F, the part will present a near white appearance. Chemical analysis, % Alumina Silica ........................ Ferric oxide......................... Titanium oxide Magnesium oxide .. Calcium oxide Alkalies, as ............ Boron oxide ai2o3 . Si02 ..................Fe203 . . Ti02 ........ MgO . CaO ............... Na20 b2o3 45.1 51.9 1.3 . .1.7 trace 0.1 0.2 .0.08 Production tooling Kaowool vacuum formed shapes are produced on specially designed screen molds by a vacuum induced inside the mold which deposits the fibers from the slurry onto the mold surface. Each shape requires its own unique set of production tooling, depending upon the complexity of the part and the quantity being produced. Quotations will in clude a production tooling charge which is the B&W cost for manufacturing this tooling. Basic vacuum formed shapes The control surface of a shape is next to the mold, and this surface will present a textured screen-like appearance. The other surface is less smooth and is called the bark surface. Part thickness is controlled by time sequence dipping of the mold into the slurry. The basic shape is drawn on a male mold. The outside of the part will be the bark surface. Regular density is standard in the basic shapes. All contours of the part will have the same thickness of ceramic fiber. Every effort should be made to use the basic shape in design as it is the least expensive method of production. This manufacturing method is particularly suitable for sleeves, cones, rectangular or circular flat boards, and a variety of hot top shapes. Specialty vacuum formed shapes Many variations in manufacturing techniques are available to meet specialized applications. These are some of the more commonly specified variations. Female molding is used where the outside surface must be controlled or where greater exterior smoothness is re quired. In this part, the bark surface will be on the inside. High density renders a part more rigid, stronger, more resistant to compression, and more resistant to mechani cal abuse. Minimum additional expense is involved for this specification. Surface rigidizing can be applied to one or both surfaces. The rigidizer is inorganic and highly refractory. The re sultant surface is very resistant to mechanical abuse. This specification is common for molten metal contact parts. Super rigidizing renders an almost rock-hard shape with very great resistance to mechanical abuse. The part is treated with sufficient rigidizer to harden not only the surfaces but the inside of the fibrous body as well. This is the strongest vacuum formed shape, and extremely wearresistant, as freshly rigidized fibrous material is constantly exposed as wear progresses. Machining operations can be performed on a part for tighter dimensional tolerances, to vary thicknesses in dif ferent areas of the part, or to render a smoother surface. Variable thickness can be achieved by machining the shape or by cementing two or more pieces together. Cemented parts can be produced in our manufacturing plant or in the field. Quite large shapes can be manufac tured in this manner. The cemented joint is strong and reliable. Dimensional tolerances Standard tolerance for the basic vacuum formed shape is 14". The mold surface is generally more closely sized. Machining can reduce the tolerance to %" and com monly is required on only one or two areas of a shape. B&W engineering services Thoughtful preparation in the design and specifications of a vacuum formed shape is important to assure a part will fulfill the intended purpose at the optimum price. A B&W sales engineer can be of great help in this, by allowing him to review an application in great detail. Specification rec ommendations can then be made to best utilize the advan tages of the vacuum forming process. Please request our "assorted vacuum formed samples'' to illustrate several of the shape variations available. Typical applications General Combustion chambers--oil and gas firing Electrical heater element holders Gaskets--complex configurations Recuperator tube gaskets Board for kiln and furnace linings Special shapes for hobby kilns and lab furnace linings Peep hole plugs High temperature pipe insulation Flue liners Burner blocks Electric range burner insulation Radiant heater burners and parts Diffusion furnace parts Gas turbine insulation For molten metal contact situations Aluminum furnace tap out cones Metal pouring tundishes Sprue liners Riser sleeves--all metals Hot tops--all metals Bottom seals of pipe molds Aluminum launders and troughs Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Kaowool Block B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool block is formed on insulating block manu facturing machinery from specially processed Kaowool ceramic fibers and a combination of organic and inorganic binders to achieve a highly refractory block insulation. It has optimum physical properties for both installation and service. Physical properties Color off-white Density, Ib/cu ft 14-18 Use limits, F Continuous 2300 Intermittent 2400 Melting point, F above 3100 Humidity resistance excellent Modulus of rupture, psi.......................................................55 Compressive strength, psi @ 5% deformation .......................................... 3500 @ 10% deformation ........................................ 4000 Linear shrinkage, % (max) @ 1800F................................................................. 0.0 @ 2000F.................... .. ..................................... 0.5 @ 2100F 0.75 @ 2200F 1.00 @ 2300 F ............................................................. 1.25 @ 2400 F 2.00 Loss on ignition, % ............................................. 5.0-5.5 Thickness range, inches y2 thick increments to 4 For optimum results, a moisture barrier should be placed against the block if a castable is to be placed against it. B&W Kaowool Block Thermal conductivity 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Mean temperature F Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 215*1 10-1-74 Chemical analysis, % (by weight approx) Alumina Silica Ferric oxide Titanium oxide Magnesium oxide Alkalies, as ai2o3 Si02 Fe203 Ti02 MgO Na20 41.8 51.6 0.9 1.6 0.3 0.006 Typical applications Furnace, kiln, and oven linings. Backup insulation to all types of refractory. Can replace insulating refractory as backup insulation. A leak barrier in glass and aluminum furnaces. Furnace door linings. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Block Insulation B&W block insulation (asbestos-free) is a unique combination of mineral wool, high tensile glass fi ber and other inorganic materials. It is designed to be an asbestos-free, high-temperature, backup in sulation, for refractory installations. B&W block in sulation has the high strength, low density and other characteristics necessary for ease in han dling and installation. B&W block insulation is highly resistant to mois ture and is free from corrosive ingredients. It re quires only normal protection against excessive wetting in storage or during placement. It will not contribute to corrosion of metals with which it comes in contact. B&W block insulation is a resilient mineral fiber block which has been formed and cut to precise dimensional tolerances. The mineral fiber block has high breaking strength coupled with low thermal conductivity, which results in an economi cal and efficient backup insulation material. It is easily cut with a knife and is directly installed by impaling on studs. Available thicknesses: 1" to 4V2". Available widths are 6", 12", 18" and 24". All pieces are 3' long. Physical properties Recommended use limit, F (one face exposure)........ 1900 Density, Ib/cu ft........................................................... 13-17 Humidity resistance.................................................. excellent Fire resistance.................................................. incombustible Corrosiveness .................................................................. none Linear shrinkage, % @ 1900F soaking heat...........3.0-5.0 Ignition loss, % @ 1900F...............................3.0 max by wt Modulus of rupture, psi................................................40-45 Compressive strength, psi @ 8% deformation after 20 hr..................................... 8 B&W Block Insulation Thermal conductivity Application information B&W block insulation weighs 13 to 17 lb per cubic foot, and is lighter than most high temperature insulating blocks. Its strength is such that it readily withstands handling in transit and during application. It can be easily cut with a minimum effort using a knife or other hand tools. Any of the methods commonly employed can be used to install B&W block insulation. Because of its low resistance to penetration by studs or wires, impaling is the method most often selected. Installation time is held to a minimum regardless of the method used. A wide variety of sizes and thicknesses are available for most applications. Another important advantage of B&W block insulation over hard, rigid types of insulation is its ability to con form to irregularities in the surface over which it is being applied. Rivets, welds, bolt heads, etc., can be pressed into the block. The outer surface remains flat and uniform, and blocks lie flat against the surface. Caution Ventilate the enclosure during initial heating of the block to permit the escape of combustible water-repellent. Warning Flash ignition of the combustible water-repellent upon initial opening of electrically heated, or non-ventilated enclosures may endanger exposed skin areas. Mean temperature F ' \\ njgjl Tu/fr ' Data are average results ofTests conducted under standard procedures aind are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 220-1 10-1-74 Typical applications B&W block insulation is an effective backup insulation for all types of refractories, including gunned materials. B&W block insulation has been used as backup insulation in oil refineries, steel mills, pulp and paper mills, smelters, chemical, petrochemical, and gas treatment plants. Other typical applications include: Furnace refractory Heat treating furnaces Kilns for glass and ceramics Annealing furnaces Lehrs Ovens Tanks Towers Turbines Boiler walls Melting tanks Hot air ducts Pit covers Chilling pits Precipitators It-**' - w v* Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Riser Sleeves B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in cer tain applications. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thoroughly interlaced in the production process, provide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. B&W Kaowool riser sleeves are strong, lightweight and thin insulators which reduce heat loss from risers. The superior insulation derived from B&W Kaowool riser sleeves allows time to permit more efficient mold feedback, thereby en abling foundrymen to design smaller risers than with sand risers. In addition, the number of risers required may be reduced in such a design and the combination of these factors result in increased yield per pound of metal cast ings, sounder castings and fewer rejects. Physical properties Color................................................................................. beige Density, Ib/cu ft .................................................................12 B&W Kaowool Riser Sleeves Thermal conductivity B&W Kaowool riser sleeves are drawn from a slurry con sisting of processed Kaowool ceramic fibers and suitable binder systems. The sleeves are then dried to a deter mined hardness. B&W Kaowool riser sleeves have a controlled inside diameter surface which is closely sized. The outside diameter surface and length may vary by V6 in., and the wall thickness is maintained within a + Vm, --0 in. range. Typical applications B&W Kaowool riser sleeves may be used for both ferrous and non-ferrous castings. The sleeves are strong enough to insure foundry handling and may be cut to any desired length in the field. Because very little organic binder is used in their manufacture, the sleeves will not break down in mold-drying ovens. Nor will the material composition of the riser sleeves contaminate the molding sand. Since riser sleeves insulate the molten metal, they will not produce heat or noxious vapors as exothermic sleeves do. This improves the quality of the air for the men who work within the foundry and reduces cleaning costs. B&W Kaowool riser sleeves are available in closely sized inside diameters from 1 to 24 in. Wall thickness up to 16 in. ID measures V2 in. All sleeves come in 12-in. lengths. Special shapes, such as those required for blind risers and other special shapes that help foundrymen solve their thermal problems, are also available. 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Mean temperature F Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 205-1 10-1-74 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Paper B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers are converted into a wide variety of useful forms. The fiber raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. The resultant fibers have a 3200F melting point. Individual product use limit ranges from 2000-3000F depending upon the ap plication. Kaowool ceramic fibers are specially processed for each conversion technique and when combined with appropriate binder systems pro duce a range of products having wide application. Kaowool paper is produced from a combination of Kaowool ceramic fibers and organic binders on conventional paper making machinery. It is a thin ceramic fiber form noted for outstanding handling characteristics and high insulating value at high temperatures. Kaowool paper is easy to handle in application. It can be cut, folded, wrapped, rolled and can go around sharp cor ners. By the use of Kaowool rigidizer and cement, attach ment is simplified and dense, hard laminated or built-up shapes can be produced. B&W can supply factory produced laminated tubes and shapes, die-cut gaskets and other parts, and mesh enclosed pieces. Physical properties Color . Density, Ib/cu ft Uncompressed ....................... Use limit, F Continuous ........ Melting point, F............................ Thickness data 20mil @ 8 psi compression, inches....... ...020 (PerTAPPI Method T-411n44) @ Uncompressed, inches (approx) ..................... .1/32 white 12-13 40mil .040 2300 3090 80 mil .080 1/16 1/8 Chemical properties Kaowool ceramic fiber materials have good chemical stabil ity with resistance to most chemicals, with the exception of hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid and strong alkalies. There is no water of combination, and extremely low boron con tent. Kaowool ceramic fibers are not affected by wetting with water. B&W Kaowool Paper Thermal conductivity 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Mean temperature F Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 230-1 10-1-74 Typical applications Molten metal contact applications Aluminum and zinc launder and trough linings. Gasketing between aluminum and zinc trough sections. Aluminum furnace tap out plug cover and parting agent. Aluminum distributor pan linings. Super alloy ingot mold linings and hot tops. Other applications Brazing operations Parting agent between parts and conveyor belt for braz ing furnace operations. Heat distribution and diffusion and mechanical cushion ing in aircraft honeycomb brazing. Glass sagger mold linings. Combustion chamber linings in oil-fired residential heat ing units. Blastfurnace blow-pipe backup insulation. Gaskets for any high temperature application. For use with conventional refractories B&W Kaowool paper can help firebrick and special refrac tory shapes do a better job. All dense refractories expand upon being heated, some much more than others. One or more layers of compressible Kaowool paper around these refractories will take up this expansion and equalize inter nal mechanical stresses. Similarly, some refractories, like high alumina and zirconia bodies, are prone to breakage from uneven temperature distribution. Wraps of highly in sulating Kaowool paper will greatly minimize these prob lems. An example of both types of problems is the burner block cracking that exists in many high temperature fur naces. V&" or Vi" of Kaowool paper around these burner blocks will extend their life by reducing internal stresses caused by the thermal expansion of the burner block and the firebrick wall and the uneven temperature distribution within the block. Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Surface Coatings (Kaowool Cement) Kaowool cement is an air setting ceramic fiber cement for use with Kaowool products. It may be used for spray, dip or brush application. The cement sets with a strong hard film which will develop a ceramic bond above 1600F but still maintains excellent resistance to thermal shock. Physical properties Appearance white paint Density, Ib/cu ft 115-122 Use limit, F Continuous . 2300 Melting point, F . . . 3200 Compressive strength, psi After air drying..................................................... 6500 Linear shrinkage, % (first firing only) (Per ASTM C356) After 24 hr @ 1832F 2.13 After 24 hr @ 2300F 3.19 Specific heat, Btu/lb/F @ 1022F mean ..................... 27 Drying temperature, F (max) 150 Chemical properties Kaowool cement is mildly alkaline and requires complete air drying to form a strong set. After drying Kaowool cement is not soluble in water. Chemical analysis, % Alumina Silica Magnesium oxide Alkalies, as .. Boron oxide Trace inorganics ai2o3 Si02 MgO Na20 ................ b2o3 41.0 57.0 . 0.4 0.8 ............. 0.6 0.2 Handling Kaowool cement should be protected from freezing. Ade quate ventilation and precautions against inhalation of particles during spray application should be provided. Application information The surface to be coated should be clean and dry. For best adhesion smooth surfaces should be roughened. With a coating of 0.010 in., approximately 120 square feet will be covered per gallon. (Kaowool Rigidizer) Kaowool rigidizer is a colloidal silica compound for treat ing surfaces of Kaowool ceramic fiber products to provide a degree of surface hardness and resistance to erosion. Kaowool rigidizer is stabilized against damage from freez ing during exposure to cold; however, repeated freezing should be avoided. Physical properties Color bluish off-white Solids content, % silica (approx) ........................... 28-29 Weight per gallon, lb (approx) 10 Density, Ib/cu ft (wet) (approx) 75 Use limit, F 2300 Freezing temperature, F .............................................. 28 Viscosity, centipoises @ 25 Centigrade ....................... 4 Specific gravity @ 25 Centigrade 1.203 pH ................................................................................... 9.7 Application information Kaowool rigidizer is applied by brushing, dipping, rolling, and spraying. Suitable respiratory protection and ventila tion are required when applied by spraying. Materials to be rigidized should be free of all grease and oil. Kaowool rigidizer receives its bonding action from the removal of physical water. Bonding may be accelerated by heating or oven drying. Curing is a function of the size of the shape and its geometry. An application rate of one gallon per 100 square feet of ceramic fiber surface will render a hard surface without completely rigidizing the interior of the ceramic fiber body. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 240-1 10-1-74 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool Ceramic Fiber Products Mesh Covered B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. Kaowool ceramic fiber in either standard blanket or bulk is used for fabricating mesh enclosed shapes in the form of blankets, strip, cable or wrap. Blankets of 'A in., 1 in., l'A in. and 2 in. thicknesses are used in standard densities of 6 and 8 lb /cu ft. Other den sity blankets may be used, and other thicknesses may be fabricated by using multiple layers of blanket. Areas up to 4' x 8' are normal manufacturing standards. Special shapes or sizes, custom-designed blankets are also available. Blan kets are normally tufted on 12 in. to 16 in. centers to main tain shape and stability. Strip in widths of 4 in., 6 in., 8 in. and 12 in. and thick nesses of 'A in. and 1 in. is standard. Lengths up to 100 ft can be provided. Cable with diameters up to l'A in. are made in single strand construction. Larger diameters are made by com bining jacketed single strands within a larger diameter outer jacket. Wrap is similar to strip, but includes a 1 in. tab on each edge for lacing or stapling the wrap around piping or tub ing. Pipe with outside diameters up to 12 in. may be easily insulated with standard 1 in. or 2 in. thicknesses. Material specifications Standard components used to fabricate mesh enclosed shapes are the following: Tufting wire Tufting buttons Lacing hooks Mesh alloy wire alloy alloy stainless steel B&W Mesh Covered Kaowool Thermal conductivity at various densities Physical properties Color ............................................................................... white Fiber diameter, microns (avg) .........................................2.8 Fiber length, inches...........................................4 (avg) to 10 Specific gravity (ASTM C 135)...................................... 2.56 Specific heat, Btu/lb/F @ 1800F mean...................... 0.255 Fiber tensile strength, psi ...................................1.65 x 10s Fiber tensile modulus, psi................................... 12.2 x 104 Use limits, F Continuous ............................................................... 2300 Single application...................................................... 3000 Melting point, F............................................................. 3200 Hardness MOH ............................................................................. 6 Knoop (lOOg load)...................................................... 700 Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 320-1 10-1-74 Chemical properties B&W Kaowool ceramic fibers possess excellent resistance to chemical attack. Exceptions are hydrofluoric acid, phos phoric acid and strong alkalies. Kaowool is unaffected by oil or water. Thermal and physical properties are restored after drying. Chemical analysis, % Alumina AI2O3 45.1 Silica...................................................... Si02 51.9 Ferric oxide......................................... FejOs................1.3 Titanium oxide........................................T1O2................... 1.7 Magnesium oxide . MgO .............trace Calcium oxide ........................................CaO .................. 0.1 Alkalies, as Na20 ................. 0.2 Boron oxide.............................................B20j ............... 0.08 Ordering information Standard blankets 1. Specify length, width (excluding 1 in. lip) and thickness. 2. Select density of ceramic fiber (6, 8 Ib/cu ft density). 3. Tufting buttons are normally located on 12 in. centers. 4. Specify locations of lacing hooks, if required. Special blankets Submit sketch to your B&W district Sales Office for design help or quotation. Standard strip 1. Specify cross section--width and thickness. 2. Select density of ceramic fiber (6 or 8 Ib/cu ft). 3. State length or lengths required. t Thickness _______ L Standard wrap 1. Specify cross section width and thickness--or give OD of pipe to be insulated. 2. Choose density of ceramic fiber (6 or 8 Ib/cu ft). 3. State length or lengths required. L Width f Thickness ___ i Standard cable 1. Give diameter required. 2. State length or lengths. 3. If attachment fin is desired, specify width of fin. Note: Strip, wrap and cable are available in cut, finished lengths at slight additional cost. Special parts Production techniques permit custom design and manu facture of non-standard items. When ordering special parts, please include an outline drawing and the information re quired above for ordering standard parts. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. Babcock & Wilcox KaowoolCeramic Fiber Products Water-cooled Pipe Insulation Kit-Blanket B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. The water-cooled pipe insulation kit consists of 100 sq ft of B&W Kaowool blanket, 8 lb density, 1 in. thick (2 rolls 2 ft x 25 ft) and 200 lin ft of stainless steel annealed wire. The kit is designed to wrap and tie Kaowool blanket with wire around water-cooled riser and horizontal pipe to form a very effective high temperature insulation. Estimated coverage 6" pipe 4" pipe .................................................. 2'A" pipe 40 linft 64 linft 88 linft Physical properties Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for your insulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high tensile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and physical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not sepa rate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 330-1 10-1-74 Babcock & Wilcox Kaowool" Ceramic Fiber Products Weld Insulation Kit(WIK) B&W Kaowool ceramic fiber is the basic fiber from which the Kaowool family has grown. The raw ma terial is kaolin, a naturally occurring, high purity, alumina-silica fireclay. Kaowool has a melting point of 3200F, a normal use limit of 2300F, but can be used at even higher temperatures in certain appli cations. B&W Kaowool has fiber lengths up to 10 in., average lengths of 4 in. These long fibers, thor oughly interlaced in the production process, pro vide Kaowool blanket, bulk, and strip products with unsurpassed strength without the addition of a binder system. Other forms are processed from basic Kaowool ceramic fiber. The Weld Insulation Kit (WIK) is made from B&W Kaowool blanket, 8 lb density, 1 in. thick covered with high tempera ture alloy mesh, tufted with alloy buttons and tufting wire. The WIK is normally reusable at least six times. Two WIK's are available: WIK--2 ft 50 sq ft (2 ft x 25 ft) B&W Kaowool, 8 lb den sity, 1" thickness. Covered both sides with high temperature alloy mesh, plus sewing kit to close cut ends. WIK--4 ft 100 sq ft (4 ft x 25 ft) B&W Kaowool, 8 lb den sity, 1" thickness. Covered both sides with high temperature alloy mesh, plus sewing kit to close cut ends. Physical properties Kaowool ceramic fiber is a highly efficient insulator. Kaowool's low shot content gives more usable fiber for your insulating dollar. Kaowool's longer fibers give it the high tensile strength and resiliency to withstand vibration and physical abuse. Kaowool is self-supporting--will not sepa rate, sag or settle. Kaowool has low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and is extremely resistant to thermal shock. Tufting and lacing One-inch diameter tufting buttons are located as follows: WIK--2 ft WIK--4 ft 11 tufts 22 tufts 12" center lines 16" center lines 12" between tufts 12" between tufts Tufting wire--alloy wire Buttons--alloy Data are average results of tests conducted under standard procedures and are subject to variation. Results should not be used for specification purposes. 340-1 10-1-74 Babcock & Wilcox KaowooP Ceramic Fiber Products Kao-Lok Anchoring System Kao-Lok standard size Stud 304 SS x 3YZ Stud 310 SSx 4i/2 Stud 310SSx6 Stud 330 SS x 6 Stud Inconel 601 x 6 "X" 3.187 4.187 5.687 5.687 5.687 Alloy 304 SS 310 SS 310 SS 330 SS Inconel 601 Lining thickness range iy2-3i/2" 2i/2-4i/2" 4-6' 4-6" 4-6" 350-1 10-1-74