Document vBV6VwjRErQ4qZJkngDOwEn06
.Hbex
An 1C Industries Company
Abe* Corporation Friction Products Division 1827 Powers Ferry Rd. Building 20 Marietta. GA 30067 (404) 953-2045
DATE SUBJECT: FROM TO
April 14, 1986 Direct Distributor Mailing Joe Eberhart All Abex H/D Sales Personnel
The attached materials are being sent to all Abex H/D Distributors covering the school bus program. Servicing this market segment is paying off in added sales and increased market share.
Please take time to review the Abex Brakeliner program on
all your Distribution calls.
'
Regards,
Joe Eberhart JNE:fp
SCF-ABEX-2889
SCI 03095
Introducing Asbestos-Free
Hydraulic Disc Pads
forMedium Duty Trucks andSchoolBuses
*
With performance you can count on for:
Improved Effectiveness
Forimproved stopping distance.
ImprovedHigh Temperattire Performance
For users with severe duty cycles andfleets operating in mountainousregions.
Improved Wear
Characteristics
Tests byfleets across the countryhave shown improvement.
Quieter Operation
"' ' '
e
Giving O.E. top performance with 100% Asbestos-Free materials for Medium Trucks and School Bus applications for Ford, GMC and IHC
An 1C IndueIrian Company
M-1009APS
Friction Products Division 1827 Powers Ferry Rd. Building 20 Marietta. GA 30087 (404) 953-2045
SCI 03096
BRAKEUNER
A SCHOOL BUS TECHNICAL BULLETINS H*X
An 1C Industries Company
Friction Products Division, 3001W. Big Beaver Rd,, Troy, Michigan 48084-3184
Abex Brake Linings give you more stops... safely!
ABEX
685 FF
Asbestos-Free Complete Line of Block and Strip for Hydraulic or Air Brakes
Abex EXL is the new asbestos-free brake lining that is FIRST in durability, FIRST in endurance and FIRST in stopping performance...a brake lining designed to keep your school bus fleet FIRST in lower per mile costs.
The reason: An improved product formulation using glass fibers in combination with other high
temperature friction stabilizers. Abex EXL has undergone extensive
dynamometer and vehicle testing. The resuits ol this testing show the EXL lining maintains its frictional stability extremely well under high temperature con ditions. Additional testing with school bus fleets has shown substantial increases in the life of the lining wnile drum life doubled in many applications.
Tne end result is a premium quality, asbestosfree brake lining that, like other Abex premium lin ings. delivers superior stopping performance, but
EXL lasts considerably longer.
ARFYOn667FF
Strip Lining for Hydraulic and Air Brakes
Protector lining is designed to meet the aemands of school busses and in-city delivery vehicles conten ding with severe stop and go conditions. Why de pend on linings designed for standard truck brake systems when Protector is engineered for your brak ing needs.
The Protector lining wiil deliver reliable perfor mance for safer stops because it is designed and built for longer lining life and minimum drum wear.
614 EF
Brake Blocks for Air Brakes
Heavy Duty Premium Block is engineered to deliver high Derformance whether engaged in high temperature braking on the open highway or low speed braking in the city.
Whatever your school bus braking needs are, be assured our Premium lining will stop you safely.
Offering superior wet friction characteristics as well as good fade resistance and recovery. Heavy Duty Premium is capable of withstanding soak temperatures in excess of 500F.
A-1000 S/84
Pnnled *n U S.A.
SCI 03097
When relining, it is important to review the following check list:
Hydraulic Brakes
CD Check Master Cylinder:
Apply brakes witn moderate pedal force. Rebuild or
replace if pedal creeps toward floorboard.
Air Brakes
CD Check Camshaft Bushings:
Inspect camshaft bushings. Replace if worn to .020
inch oversize.
CD Check Vacuum Booster
for Power Assist:
Apply brakes, pedal should pull toward floorboard
when engine is started.
CD Check Camshaft for Wear:
Measure cam shaft if worn .010 inch undersize in bushing area, or, if cam face is worn, replacement is necessary.
Check Hoses and Tubing:
Tighten or replace all hoses and steel tubing fittings which are leaking fluid at their connections. Replace tubing if restricted or deteriorated due to rust.
CD Check Wheel Cylinders:
Rebuild or replace those which show signs of leaking.
CD Check Shoe Return Springs:
Inspect for cracks and stretching. Replace those which are defective, bur only in axle sets. (New return springs are recommended).
Check Brake Adjusters:
Clean and lubricate brake adjusters for free operation.
Check Diameter of Brake Drums:
Macnine drums and match with appropriate thickness lining. Discard drum if worn beyond rebore limit cast into drum. Diameter of drums on an axle must not differ by more than .010 inch.
CD Check Clearance:
Lining to drum contact must be in center of shoe. Clearance between lining and drum at ends of shoe must be approximately .010 inch.
CD Check Spider Anchor Pin Holes:-
Replace bushings if worn more than .010 inch
oversize.
*
CD Check Shoe Rollers for Wear:
Replace if worn or flat spotted.
CD C heck Anchor Pi ns for Wear:
Replace if worn more than .010 inch undersize.
CD Check Diameter of Brake Drums:
Machine drums and match with appropriate
thickness lining. Discard drum if worn beyond rebore limit.
Check Clearance:
Lining to drum contact must be in center of shoe. Clearance between lining and drum at ends of shoe must be approximately .010 inch.
CD Check Hoses: ' '
Tighten or replace all hoses which are leaking.
CD Check Shoe Return Springs:
Inspect for cracks and stretching. Replace those which are defective, but only in axle sets. (New return springs are recommended).
(
^)CX
-.
An 1C Industries Company
SCI 03098
i-f>cx
An 1C Industries Company
Abex Corporation Friction Products Division
1827 Powers Ferry Rd. Building 20 Marietta, GA 30067 (404) 953-2045
UHTJS
SUBJECT: TO s FROM :
Aprii. 14, iyb Abex School Bus Program Abex Heavy Duty Distributors J. N. Eberhart
The School Bus Marketing Program is one that all Abex Heavy Duty Distributors have taken advantage of. And by doing so, it will pay off in added sales for all.
To assist you and your sales people to take full advantage of this program, we are enclosing a quantity of technical bulletins and sign-up reply cards for our Brakelinermailing.
As you know, Abex sends out on a quarterly basis technical information to over three thousand school bus fleets. This information is proving to be of service to these fleets for proper brake maintenance.
If you have any school bus fleets not on our mailing list, this is the time to sign them up. There is no charge for this service, and each account will receive a complete updated binder.
For more details on our Abex Brakeliner program, contact your Abex EXL Brake District Sales Manager.
Joseph N. Eberhart Director, Marketing Services Aftermarket Sales
JNE:fp
Enel.
SCI 03099
SCHOOL BUS PROQRAM Special Order Form
Customer Purehaam Order #_
SOLD TO:
SHIP TO:
Program Dates March 1,1986 to June 30,1986
- i ''ML
.a--., ri. `A:
SET
NUMBER
l i vi 61 "`i \ " C r' QUANTITY
4223 AD
|
4311 GO
#
4311JD
#
4317GD
#
4514 D
#
| 4514CD
|
4514 GO
#
4515 ED
#
4515 GD
#
4524D
#
4549 D
#
4549 CD
#
4602 D
#
4605 D
#
4615 D
#
4625 BD
#
4644 AD
#
BEEim| 4654D
BONUS SETS
BRAKEj|
SET NUMBER
EX4223 AD
#
EX 4311 GD #
EX 4311 JD
#
EX4317GD #
EX 4514 D
#
EX 4514 CD
#
EX4514GD #
EX 4515 ED #
EX4515GD #
EX4524D
*
EX4549D
#
EX4549 CD
#
EX 4602D
*
EX 4605 D
#
EX 4615 D
#
EX 4625 BD
#
EX 4644 AD
#
EX4654D
if
QUANTITY
.
BONUS SETS
,
J
6
SET NUMBER EN 4223 AD EN4311GD EN4311JD EN4317GD EN4514D EN 4514 CD EN4514GD EN 4515 ED EN4524D EN4549D EN 4549 CD EN4602D EN 4605D EN4615D EN4625BD EN4644 AD
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
QUANTITY
BONUS SETS
SET NUMBER
QUANTITY
MS7108 (0184)
MS7141 (D224)
MS7142 (0225)
MS 7149 (0236)
BONUS SETS
NOTE: All bonus sets must be of same like product and part numbers listed on tnls order form.
Date Order Received
Number of Sets Ordered
Number of Bonus Sets
Numbers available In over size.
Mall your orders to your Abex Serving Warehouse
Please Indicate on order form when ordering
over size numbers.
i4>cx
Friction Products Division
AA-1030 APS
An 1C Induatrfae Company
1827 Powers Ferry Rd., Building 20, Marietta, GA 30067
SCI 03100
ABEX(^#=BRAKES
SCHOOL BUS PROGRAM Special Order Form
Cumtommr Purchase Order #_
SOLD TO: SHIP TO:
Program Oates March 1,1986 to June 30,1986
jgjjjgllgggSaai
SET NUMBER PR1245AD PR1245CD PR1252D PR1255D PR 1276 D PR1278D PR 1279 D PR 1280 D PR1280BD PR 1200 D PR1294D PR 1284AD PR1307D PR 1308 D PR1308AD PR1345AD PR2032D PR2039D PR2060D PR 4562AD PR4596D PR 4597 D
PR4639D PR 4840D PR4646D PR4647D
# # # # #
# #
# # # #
#
# # #
# # # # *
QUANTITY
BONUSSETS
SET NUMBER EX 1245 AD EX 1245CD EX1252D EX 1255D EX1278D EX1278D EX1279D EX1280D EX1280BD EX1290D EX1294D EX 1294AD EX1307D EX1308D EX 1308 AD EX1345AD EX2032D EX2039D EX2060D
EX4562AD EX4596D EX 4597D EX4639D EX 4840D EX4646D EX4647D
# # # # #
#
# # # # # #
#
#
# # # # #
QUANTITY
BONUSSETS
# Numbers available in over size. Please Indicate on order form when ordering over size numbers.
NOTE: All bonus sets must be of same like product and part numbers listed on this order form.
Mall your orders to your Abex Serving Warehouse
Date Order Received___________________________________________________________________________ Number of Sets Ordered- __________________________ Number of Bonus Sets
Ahsl
An 1C InitaMia Company
Friction Products Division
1827 Power* Ferry Rd., Building 20, Marietta, QA 30067 AA-1029 APS
SCI 03101
t
FRICTION PRODUCTS DIVISION, 1827 POWERS FERRY RD., BUILDING 20, MARIETTA, GA 30067
BRAKE LINER
ANALYZING BRAKE COMPLAINTS
WHEN CONFRONTED WITH BRAKE PROBLEMS, FIRST ASCERTAIN THE NATURE OF THE COMPLAINT. BE
SPECIFIC IN UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM. IF POSSIBLE. EXPERIENCE THE PARTICULAR PROBLEM.
LISTED BELOW ARE FOUR MOST COMMON COMPLAINTS AND THEIR CAUSES, WHICH WILL HELP TO
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM:
.
COMPLAINT
CAUSE
INSUFFICIENT BRAKES
LINING C.O.F. TOO LOW INSUFFICIENT LINE PRESSURE FRONT BRAKES NOT OPERATING PROPERLY REAR BRAKES NOT OPERATING PROPERLY MALFUNCTION OF BOOSTER POOR LINING TO DRUM CONTACT BRAKES OUT OF ADJUSTMENT PARTIAL SYSTEM OPERATING
UNEVEN BRAKING
WEAK OR BROKEN SHOE RETURN SPRINGS
PUSHROD LENGTHS NOT SAME ON AXLE
WEAK OR BROKEN CHAMBER SPRING
BRAKES NOT ADJUSTED EQUALLY
BROKEN SLACK ADJUSTER '
'
GRABBY BRAKES
CONTAMINATED LINING EXCESSIVE DISC ROTOR RUNOUT DISC ROTOR NOT UNIFORM IN THICKNESS ECCENTRIC BRAKE DRUM LOOSE LINING FLAT SPOT ON CAM OR ROLLER FAULTY RELAY VALVE BROKEN CHAMBER RETURN SPRING
BRAKE NOISE
POOR LINING TO DRUM CONTACT BENT BRAKE SHOE -- INCORRECT RADIUS BRAKE SHOE TABLE NOT FLAT LINING GLAZED BRAKE DRUM BLUE SPOTTED BRAKE DRUM WORN OVERSIZE BRAKE DRUM TOO THIN BRAKE DRUM OUT OF ROUND CONTAMINATED LINING
'I A.10M1QQ5
PlttadklU&A.
SCI 03102
BRAKEUNER
SCHOOL BUS TECHNICAL BULLETINS
An 1C Industries Company
Bulletin No. 3
Friction Products Division, 3001 W. Big Beaver Rd., Troy, Michigan 43084-3184
Brake Noise
Acceptable brake performance after brake reline is dependent upon how well the brake system was inspected and the quality of maintenance performed. Efficient brake operation requires every component in the system to be in good working condition.
4 Lining to Drum I Contact Check all used brake shoes for being bent and/or stretched. Shoe table must be Hat to within .002 inch per 1 inch of table w>dth. Measure shoe. Compare dimension "X" to that of new shoe. If difference is greater than 1/64", discard shoe.
Machine Disc Rotors
2 and Brake Drums lor concentricity with spindle and axle. Machining disc rotors and drums may remove heat checks and blue spots, but they will reappear later. As a result ol heat input from brak ing. it is best to replace severely heat checked and blue spotted rotors or drums during reline. Remember, replace rotors or drums in pairs. It Is suggested that new drums also be machined on their hub to minimize runout.
One of the most common complaints on school buses is brake noise. Brake noise is usually the rbsult of inconsistencies in the brake system. Some factors affecting brake noise are as follows:
Use Oversize Lining
3 when drum diameter will accept it There should be 005-.010 inch clearance be tween lining and drum at points A and B. Center contact is desirable for smooth braking. To insure optimum lining ana drum life, each brake must do its share of tne braking. Improper lining and drum con tact will result in wheels with good contact lo be over worked, resulting in abused lining and drums/rotors.
Brake Hardware
4 Brake shoe hold down springs or clips and shoe return springs must be replaced at each reline. Return springs of varying tensions must be installed in their proper locations,
A-1003 2/35
Printed in U S.A
SCI 03103
WRAKEUNERt
A\ SCHOOL BUS TECHNICAL BULLETINS 1
>CY.
(PBiragl
An IC Industries Company
Bulletin No. 2
Friction Products Division, 3001W. Big Beaver Rd., Troy, Michigan 48084-3184
Extending Brake Drum Life
One ol the most expensive parts of a brake system that must be replaced periodically is the brake drum. Its length of service greatly depends upon how abusive the driver may have been, the type of service, how well the brake was maintained and how well the torque balance is with the other brakes in the system.
The diameter of of the two brake drums
on an axle should not differ by more than .010 inch.
The life of a brake drum will be reduced, if for any reason any of the brakes are required to do more than their fair share of the braking effort. For this reason, it is most important to treat ail brakes the same, giving them equal maintenance and replace ment parts.
Listed below are several factors which affect brake drum service life:
Each brake must be kept in good mechan ical condition. Worn bushings, anchor pins, rollers, shoes and weak shoe return springs must be re placed at each reline.
5 Brake linings and brake drums from dif ferent manufacturers must not be mixed on a common axle and, preferably, not on the same vehicle.
The type of air
6 chamber and length of the slack adjuster must be the same for either side of an axle with the same size brakes.
'PI 'I!
2 The radius of new brake lining must match that of the brake drum to pre vent localized areas of high energy input which will result in blued spots and drum heat checking.
Each brake must do
3 its fair share of the braking
I
Brake adjustment
7 should be performed on all brakes ol a unit at the same time and each brake must be adjusted as closely as possible to having the same clearance as the other. Brakes should be adjusted by using a feeler gauge to establish the proper lining to drum clearance. Minimum clearances on top and bottom shoes are .010 inch for used lining and .020 inch for new lining.
The drum is a very important part of the brake system and, if the system is well maintained, not only will drum life be at an optimum, but also all other brake component parts.
A-1002 11/64
PrirtadmUS A
SCI 03104
BRAKEUNER
EkUdi/ ; I A J 1 J J (J
A SCHOOL BUS TECHNICAL BULLETINS
senoa
-- -----An 1C Industries Company
-
Bulletin No. 1
Friction Products Division, 3001W. Big Beaver Rd., Troy, Michigan 48084-3184
Visual Air Brake Inspection
Numerous components of a brake system may be checked for damage or worn parts by a visual inspection. This inspection may be completed in a short period of time and may save numerous hours and additional costs at a later date due to the pre vention of further component damage and wear. Also safety related items such as worn brake linings, brakes in need of adjustment and excessive air leaks will be brought to attention.
Listed below are several brake related items which may be visually inspected for malfunctioning or excessively worn parts:
1 Lining Thickness A lining thickness of at least Va inch must be noted at the center of each shoe or the brake is in need of reline.
1. Defective slack adjuster 2. Incorrect chamber push rod length
3. Worn S-cam bushings 4. Broken chamber return spring 5. Broken brake drum 6. Broken shoe roller 7. Different type air chamber 8. Different length slack adjuster 9. Bent chamber push rod. 10. Missing brake block.
3 Brake Actuation Brake apply and release action must be smooth and in unison on the same axla Slug gish movement of a slack adjuster suggests a worn S-cam, flat areas on the shoe rollers or a sticking relay valve.
2 Chamber Stroke By comparing the posi tions of the slack ad justers, when the brakes are in the released and applied positions, an in dication of the brake ad justment may be obtain ed. A noticable varia tion in relative position of the slack adjusters, on the same axle, indicates that one or more ol the following undesirable conditions exist
A-1001 S/84
4 Brake Release The sound of air being exhausted from the brake chambers through the relay valve must diminish in intensity rapidly and smoothly.
Remember, the few minutes spent on conducting an inspection will save hours if a road call is necessary or if the vehicle is involved in an accident due to brake component failure.
Printed In U.SA
SCI 03105
An 1C Industries Company
SUBJECT: 1986 School Bus Program TO: All Abex Distributors
Abo* Corporation
-
Friction Products Division
Suite 710
'
3001 West Big Beaver Rd.
Troy. Ml 48084-3184
(313) 643-4400
Abex Is pleased to announce our 1986 School Bus Program. This
program is designed to concentrate on a profitable segment of the-
Heavy Duty Aftermarket. There are an estimated 13,500 school bus
fleets registered with the Department of Transportation.
Recently a survey of school bus fleets'was conducted to determine >
what replacement parts were purchased most frequently. The
.
survey indicated that brakes were the third or fourth most fre- '
quently purchased replacement products.
Our program this year Is designed to enable our Heavy Duty Distributors to participate In this segment of the market.
The School Bus Program offers:
Complete coverage for all air and hydraulic brake applications.
Two complete asbestos-free brake block products:
EXL Supreme EXL Premium
.
New semi-metallic disc brakes for school buses.
Complete line of asbestos products for air and hydraulic applications.
School Bus Program Ingredients:
Products included in the Program:
EXL Supreme EXL Premium EXL Strip Disc Pads
H.D. Premium Protector Strip
Length of Program:
March 1 through June 30
SCI 03106
vV *.
'Virr"V -V*'' *. - ..... V-'
. ^. i--i- ;V ...
, ( f /*'- `
-__
Qualifying Order
100 sets of combined products offered In the program.
Free Goods
For every 100 sets ordered you will receive 10 sets of like products at no charge.
Free goods must be selected from the part numbers offered on the school bus order form.
Free goods must be selected on a like product for
--
like product basis. Example: An order for 100 sets of
EXL Supreme would receive 10 sets of EXL Supreme.
Also all unlei"-for 100 sets made up of bo sets~o?
EXL Supreme. 30 sets of EXL Premium and 20 sets of
Protector would qualify for j>__aets--of EXL Supreme,
3 sets of EXL Premium and 2 sets of Protector.
Support Material
m
Order forms provided for your ordering convenience.
AA1024 Product Flyer.
AA1025 Product Flyer.
Sales Support
Abex sales personnel are available for field work to assist in making this program a success.
The School Bus Program will count towards the Abex 1 for 1
Program.
.
SCI 03107
Introducing Asbestos-Free
Hydraulic Disc Pads
forMedium Duty Trucks andSchoofBuses
With performance you can count on for:
ImprovedEffectiveness
Forimproved stopping distance.
ImprovedHigh Temper ature Performance For users with severe duty cycles andfleets operating in mountainousregions.
Improved Wear Characteristics
Tests byfleets across the countryhave shown improvement.
QuieterOperation
Brake squealandnoise reduced significantly.
Givih&O.E. to]
performance
100% /ifsbestc^-Free
materials for ^
Medium Trucks an
.****
` 'v
" ~ ::'SS*=tsSs|
i, applications forFord, GMC an
An 10 WmMst Company
AA-I0O9 APS
Friction Products Division 1827 Powers Ferry Rd. Building 20 Marietta, GA 30067 (404) 953-2045
SCI 03108
i4>ex.
An 1C Industries Company
Friction Products Division
1827 POWERS FERRY RD. BUILDING 20, MARIETTA, QA 30067
Asbestos-free brake linings turn to fiber glass
Asbestos, a material whose name means `incombustible" in ancient Greek, was the material of choice for
manufacturing brake linings until recently. The fibrous mineral has excellent heat resistance, tensile strength and
flexural strength characteristics, and. it is easily processed into brake linings.
Now, however, brake lining manufacturers have de
veloped asbestos-free materials.
' ''
No material was overlooked as a possible replace
ment for asbestos. The search included fiberglass, the
material the Friction Products Division of Abex Corpora
tion, Winchester, Va., settled on as the best asbestos
replacement. The company is using fibbr glass rein
forcement in its ABEX EXL (extra long life) brake linings.
ABEX EXL brake linings are available'' for auto
mobiles, trucks, off-road vehicles and industrial brakes
-- all of the brake products it traditionally offers in
asbestos. ABEX EXL friction material is a matrix cen
tered around PPG chopped strand in a thermosetting
polymer system.
- -
Abex, a member company of 1C Industries, has been
manufacturing brake linings since 1902, when it began
producing brake shoes for locomotives and railroad
cars. Today, it is the world's largest producer of friction
materials, with 16 plants throughout the world supplying
brake linings for automobiles, trucks, airplanes, off-road
vehicles, material-handling equipment and industrial
machinery.
Abex began investigating alternate materials for as
Abex EXL brake linings are manufactured from a friction material whose matrix Is centered around chopped strand fiber glass in a thermosetting polymer resin.
bestos when higher braking temperatures and higher wear rates became apparent as vehicles were down sized and tractor/trailer trucks were made more stream
lined in response to government-mandated fuel-
efficiency goals and the public's demand for fuel-efficient cars.
'
Smaller cars, more aerodynamic design, smooth-rolling radial tires and front-wheel-drive necessitated
smaller and lighter brake components and overall brake system redesigns. The typical 1983 disc brake rotor is two
Inches smaller and 15 pounds lighter than its 1973
counterpart. Brakes on compact and subcompact cars,
therefore, absorb more energy than before. Brake and
automobile manufacturers began to look for environ
mentally acceptable materials that performed even bet
ter than asbestos.
Truck brakes today also operate at higher tempera
tures, mainly because of improvements that have re
duced drag and improved fuel economy. Aerodynamic
flaring, lower axle ratios, radial tires and declutching
fans have reduced drag in tractor/trailers by about 100
horsepower over the past six years. Today, a typical
tractor/trailer descending a three percent grade must
develop 369 percent more brake horsepower to stop
than in 1973.
Nonmetallic and metalfc linings Abex's research for a high-performance, asbestos-
free brake lining material covered nonmetallic and
metallic materials.
As tractor/trailers became more aerodynamic, reduced drag caused brakes to work harder; increasing wear and operating temperatures. Trucks like this Mack Ultra-Uner
demand more brake horsepower than less "slippery'' trucks of 10 years ago.
SCI 03109
In the metallic group, Abex developed semi-metallic
and sintered lining materials. Sintered materials --
which are metal and ceramic powders fused (sintered)
together -- offer extreme heat resistance. They are
typically used for aircraft brakes and for heavy-duty disc
brakes for trucks.
Semi-metallic materials are iron powders and fibers
bound together in phenolic resins. Semi-metallics, while
not new technology, were first used In police cars; they
now are standard for most original-equipment disc
brake pads.
Fiber glass advantages
In nonmetallic materials, Abex's research focused on
fiber glass, carbon, aramid and ceramic fibers. Fibers were analyzed and tested for heat resistance, friction, composite strength, technological compatibility, cost,
The first original-equipment application for Abex' fiber
glass-reinforced brake lining was on the rear drum ~ brakes ol the 1982 Ford Ranger pickup truck. ",
and environmental aspect characteristics.
---
Abex rated carbon, aramid and ceramic fibers as having limited environmental qualities, for it could find no long
term studies on the health effects of these materials. On the other hand, fiber glass has been produced for nearly halfa
century, and medical research to date indicates no significant health effects in man resulting from exposure.to fiber
glass.
While fiber glass is more expensive than asbestos, it is the lowest-cost alternative. Analysis showed, however, that
brake linings reinforced with fiber glass provide better wear rates and longer life, making fiberglass brake linings more
cost-effective. Abex also points out that longer intervals between replacing fiber glass brake linings compared with
asbestos brake linings save on labor costs. In short, fiber glass brake linings produce significantly lower user costs.
Compatibility with existing technology
''
A prime consideration in choosing an alternative for
FIBER SELECTION SUMMARY
asbestos was the alternative material's compatibility with existing process technologies. Fiber glass proved to be the most compatible of the alternatives.
Service Temp.
C Friction Charactensttcs C o m p o site Strength Technological C o m p a ta b ility
Cost E n v iro m e n ta l
Aspects
Fiber glass also offered the second-highest service
temperature -- 750CC. (1,380F.). This surpassed even
asbestos' 600C. (1,100F.) service temperature. Fur
thermore, the mechanical strength of fiber glass-
reinforced brake linings was determined to be superior
to the other alternatives and, in fact, better than asbes
Fiber Glass 750 G G G G G
tos-reinforced linings.
Carbon
550 F G F P U
ABEX EXL friction material was in development for several years, with development work focused on the
Ceramic
1,650 G F F P U
heavy-duty and automotive markets. Some of the first products developed were truck blocks and heavy-duty
Aramid
500 F G F F U
strips. Its first original-equipment application in the pas senger car/light truck industry was on the 1982 (and
Asbestos
600 G G E E P
1983) Ford Ranger rear drum brake, where the Abex fiber glass-reinforced material outperformed the tradi
P-Poor
F-Fair
G-Good
E-Excellent
U-Unknown
tional asbestos materials while offering an answer to the environmental concern surrounding asbestos.
Fiber selection summary shows why Abex selected fiber glass as an alternative to asbestos for Abex EXL brakes.
Rapnnted from Rwrtoroemont Ogosf. a PPO Industaes publication.
AA-1015 1/86
SCI 03110
ABEXi BRAKES
ASBESTOS-FREE
Heavy Duty Brake Linings
Deliver Long Life and More Value.
W,y Fiberglass
The decision to use fiberglass as an asbestos substitute was the result of extensive laboratory testing which compared the numerous alternatives. Fiberglass was tested against Kevlar* aramid. carbon and ceramic fiber materials to determine which offered the best combination of heat resistance, strength, stability, endurance and overall value. The test results below are for your own comparison.
The First Choice
Based on these and othertests, fiberglass material was chosen as the best alternative to asbestos fiber. Using any of the other materials would have required either a ' sacrifice to performance, durability or strength. The obvious choice was fiberglass. Because at Abex, quality will not be compromised.
Coefficient of Friction Like ceramic material, fiberglass proved to have a high coefficient of friction. It's significantly higher than Kevlar* aramid, plus it remains stable over the life of the lining.
Specific Wear Rate A relative characteristic, both ceramic and Kevlar* aramid materials wore down considerably faster than fiberglass material. The result Is long, dependable life, and without abrasive steel slag materials.
Kevlar* a a registered trademarv of E.I. DuPont DeNemours & Company, Inc.
Heat Resistance
A primary consideration for stability and wear, fiberglass withstood much more heat for a longer period of time than carbon or Kevlar* aramid. The clear choice once again was fiberglass.
Reinforcing Value
Since performance at high cost is unacceptable, calculations were made to determine the relative material values. Fiberglass proved to be 4 to 12 times a better value than Kevlar* aramid and ceramic materials respectively.
10000
9000
8000
7000
8000
5000
4000
3000
2000
"^1000 ao
Flexural Strength The ability of a fibrous material to resist breakage is critical to its long lasting integrity. Fiberglass is 50% stronger than the alternative reinforcements, which helps prevent rivet shifting and lining cracking while in service.
Heat Resistance Value
The relative heat resistance of fiberglass shows it is by far the best choice for obtaining structural integrity at a reasonable cost
Friction Products Division
1827 Powers Ferry Road
Building 20
Marietta, GA 30067
Printed in U.S.A
(404) 953-2045
AA-1024 APS
SCI 03111
Sift:
ABEXiMuBRAKES
SCHOOL BUS PROGRAM Special Order Form
Customer Purchase Order #_
SOLD TO:
SHIP TO:
Program Dates March 1,1986 to June 30,1986
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#
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#
# #
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QUANTITY
BONUSSETS
SET NUMBER EX1245AD EX1245CD EX1252D EX1255D EX1276D EX1278D EX1279D EX1280D EX 1260 BD EX1290D EX1294D EX 1294AD EX1307D EX 1308D EX1308AD EX1345AD EX 2032 D EX2039D EX20600 EX4562AD EX4596D EX4697D EX46390 EX4840 D EX4646D EX4647D
# # # # # #
# # # # # # # #
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# # # #
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QUANTITY
BONUSSETS
# Numbers available in over size. Please indicate on order form when ordering over size numbers.
NOTE: All bonus sets must be of same like product and part numbers listed on this order form.
Mall your orders to your Abex Serving Warehouse
Date Order Received___________________________________________________________________________ Number of Sets Ordered Number of Bonus Sets
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Friction Products Division
1827 Powers Ferry Rd., Building 20. Marietta, QA 30067 AA-1029 APS
SCI 03112
SCHOOL BUS PROGRAM Special Order Form SOLO TO: SHIP TO:
Customer Purchase Order #.
Program Dates March 1,1986 to June 30,1986
SET NUMBER 4223 AD 4311GD 4311JD 4317 GD 4514 D 4514 CD 4514 GD 4515 ED 4515GD 4524D 454SD 4549 CD 4602 D 4605 D 4615 D 4625BO 4644 AD 4654D
# # # #
# # # # #
#
#
#
#
#
#
QUANTITY
BONUS SETS
SET NUMBER
EX4223 AD #
EX 4311 GD #
EX 4311 JD
#
EX 4317GD #
EX 4514 D
#
EX4514CD #
EX 4514 GD #
EX 4515 ED #
EX4515 GD #
EX4524 D
#
EX4549 D
#
EX 4549 CD #
EX 4602 D
#
EX 4605 D
#
EX 4615 D
#
EX4625 BD #
EX4644 AD #
EX4654 D
#
QUANTITY
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EN4223 AD #
EN4311GD #
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EN4514GD #
EN4515ED #
EN4524D
#
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#
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EN4602D
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EN4605D
#
EN4615D
#
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QUANTITY
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SET NUMBER
MS7108 (D184)
MS 7141 (D224)
MS 7142 (D225)
MS 7149 (D236)
QUANTITY
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r BONUS SETS
NOTE: All bonus sets must be of same like product and part numbers listed on this order form.
Date Order Received
Number of Sets Ordered
Number of Bonus Sets
# Numbers available in over size. Please indicate on order form when ordering
over size numbers.
Mail your orders to your Abex Serving Warehouse
Friction Products Division
AA-1030 APS
An
Company
1827 Powers Ferry Rd., Building 20, Marietta, GA 30067
SCI 03113