Document vBJQKOeEmJ22gnpyxgdwJrL1m

LEAD ~T$7i?6&2/t<?S, JULY, 1943 NUMBER FOUR s-Kir: School oi .Navy Personnejii be rooied Sole builders tile (association New York 1*7' Lead Welding Gaining Importance characteristics of lead pipe and sheet. This activity of the men of the in the Plumbing Trade plumbing trade is an example of the kind of cooperation that is going to ROM time to time in recent issues cases are sponsored by union locals Fwe have referred to lead welding in cooperation with schools or inde as a means of joining pipes and fit pendently in employers' shops. Some tings in plumbing installations. This individuals have obtained the neces process, also called "lead burning." sary equipment and have taught them has not been generally used in the selves with the help of books or the plumbing industry although it is well articles on lead welding published by know n and is an indispensible feature the Lead Industries Association in in the construction of a great deal of Plumbers' Forum. industrial chemical equipment. How The practicability of class instruc ever. due to apprehension that the tion in lead welding has been well current shortage of tin will curtail the demonstrated by some of the longer amount of solder available, men in established classes. The members of the plumbing business have been classes in St. Louis. Philadelphia, St. studying the possibilities of lead Paul. Minneapolis. Denver and other welding. They have found that this cities have shown that they can not process is well adapted to regular only learn to weld lead but can plan plumbing practice and that it can be their work to take the greatest ad quickly learned by the workmen in vantage of the flexibility and other win the war. These men. by devoting their off-work hours to study, are helping to assure architects and en gineers that the sanitary security pro vided by lead plumbing will remain available for both civilian and mili tary projects. They are preparing to save a substantial quantity- of tin byreducing the amount of solder neces sary to make each plumbing installa tion. The AA ar Housing Manual of the Housing Branch of the War Pro duction Board recognizes lead yvelding as a satisfactory means of joining plumbing pipes. The specification of lead yvelding as an alternate for wiped joints will give the men of the plumbing trade the opportunity to put their newly acquired skill to the service of their country. the trade who are already familiar with the characteristics of lead. These men are accustomed to preparing Lead Base Alloys Offer Savings joints for soldered connections in a manner almost identical with that used for lead welding, and they are Of Critical Metals In Castings quick to adapt their skill in handling I EAD-BASE casting alloys have to make a general replacement of molten metal to a slightly different I found many new applications zinc-base, copper-base, aluminum- condition. since the war emergency began. The base and other alloys, for the prop Flame lead welding or "lead burn plentiful supply of lead and anti erties are quite different. A et they are ing" is considered to have originated mony. of yvhich they are largely com just as suitable, sometimes superior, in 1837 w ith the invention of the hy posed, has made possible the saving for manv applications if their prop drogen-air blowpipe. It is a true of much critical metal. The lead al erties. advantages and limitations are welding process. That is, it is the loys should not be considered as able clearly recognized. fusion of two or more pieces of the The strength of these alloy s is com same metal together w ithout the addi tion of any alloy or other kind of ma Die cast lead practice bomb now beirtg used by U. S. Aaiv paratively low and falls off quite rapidly at elevated temperatures. On terial. It produces a homogenous the other hand, casting qualities are joint without variations in durability excellent and the castings take elec or phvsical characteristics such as troplate. paint, enamel or lacquer thermal expansion. The art of lead finishes well. Such finishes are not welding is legitimately a part of usually needed except for decoration the plumbers skill since the name because the corrosion resistance of "plumber" literally means one who the lead alloys is exceptionally good. works with lead. Furthermore they are not subject to The extent to which the plumbing dimensional changes with the passage industry of America is interested in of time. They are suitable for casting lead welding is indicated by the num in almost any kind of mold, either by- ber of men who are seriously study gravity or under pressure, and the ing to perfect themselves in its use. lorv melting point simplifies produc Many classes have been organized in tion problems. cities clear across the country to give Many articles that require no great plumbers the opportunity to learn strength can just as well be cast from this skill. These classes in many lead allovs as from stronger metals LIA25756 without change of design. Many others, in which strength is a more important factor, can be cast from lead alloys by making minor design changes to reinforce them at points of stress. The low cost of the metal often permits use of more metal with out increasing cost when a change is made from a more expensive metal. In general, good lead-alloy casting metals containing little or no critical metals are available with tensile strengths ranging from about 3.000 to 11.000 lb. per sq. in., with Brinell hardness ranging from 7 to 22. and with points of complete liquefaction ranging from about 475 to 600 deg. F. A few examples of what has been done with these lead-base alloys will serve to illustrate both their possibil ities and limitations. The U. S. Navy is. for instance, saving manv tons of critical metal by changing its prac tice bombs to lead-alloy die-castings from zinc alloy. Another example is the conversion from brass to lead allov of threaded trap screws or clean out plugs for plumbing traps, func tional items requiring no great strength as the only stress involved occurs when inserting or removing the screw. Still other examples are the covers for relays, formerly aluminum (lie-castings, and the instruction and name plates for machinery and equip ment described in LEAD. November. 1942. An illustration of slight redesign ing to make the use of a lead alloy entirely suitable may be found in floor flanges, formerly made of brass, for connecting water closets to the floor and to the soil pipe system. By making the flange somewhat thicker and providing reinforcing ribs on the radial webs connecting the inner and outer rings, sufficient strength was ob tained. The lower cost of antimonial lead permitted the use of this extra metal. It will be recalled that before com plete conversion of the automobile Die cast lead closet floor flange show ing added stiffening ribs industry to war production, lead-base die-castings, chromium plated, were used for much of the ornamental trim. These are only a few examples of what has already been done. Doubt less a more general understanding of the properties of lead-base casting alloys will result in further savings of critical metals. The Lead Indus tries Association will be glad to co operate with manufacturers who think the properties of lead alloys might help them. The accompanying table gives an idea of what may be ex pected of some of these alloys, but does not cover the entire range of available alloys suitable for casting. PROPERTIES OF SOME LEAD-BASE CASTING ALLOYS Aliov Antimonial Lead ( Oral ity Cast) si, .............. Vr SI, ............... tr, si, .............. SI, ............... \0'> SI, ............... 12.5*7* Sb ............. Special Alloys* #1 Die cast ......... Gravity cast . . -f2 Die cast ......... Gravity cast . . ?3 Die cast ......... 24 Die cast ......... -5 Die cast ......... 6 Die cast ......... Specific G rarity 11.18 11.03 10.88 10.74 10.59 10.42 10.38 10.57 10.80 10.38 10.15 10.8 Tensile Strength Lb./Stf, In. Elongation Per Cent 4200 5660 6840 7420 7670 7380 9020 10500 9140 10100 9300 9800 10200 8500 16 49 24 19 15 11 2 2 4 2.5 6 5.5 2.8 4.0 * Further information on request. Note: All tests at room temperature. Brinell Hardness 8.0 10.1 11.8 13.3 14.6 15.1 19.1 21.0 17.2 21.fi 16.0 17.0 22.0 15.8 Charpv /m pact Ft. Lb. Liquidus Dee. C. 1.3 1.1 2.1 2.4 2.75 1.5 1.5 2.5 316 300 285 270 257 247 262 258 278 253 295 Solidus Deg. C. 247 247 247 247 247 247 2.50 247 247 247 247 Expansivity (inefficient per Den. ( . 0.000028 1 O.OOOOL'TH 0.0000272 0.0000267 0.0000261 0.0000255 0.0000270 0.0000251 0.0000240 --3-- LIA25757 Sprayed Lead Coatiog are then ready to be put back &So service, more durable than they were Reclaims Corroded Cast Iron Filter Plates when new. While this use of the corrosion re HE use of lead for corrosion re subject to corrosion damage bv the Tsistant coatings and linings is a solution. It was found that these long established practice in the chemp arts could be not only protected ical industries. It is customary for from further damage, but actually sistant characteristics of lead was de veloped during normal times as an operating economy it becomes of especial importance now as a conser vation measure. The metal spraying manv different kinds of equipment to built up to original dimensions with process has also been used success he so protected from various solu lead applied in a molten spray. fully for applying lead coatings to tions before they are placed in ser This process is accomplished by a ventilating equipment handling acid vice. Occasionally, however, it be gas and air operated gun which auto fumes and for other industrial and comes necessary to apply protective matically feeds a lead wire into a commercial uses for purposes of coatings to equipment after it has flame where it is melted, atomized economy and conservation. Lead been in use for a while. If such coat and blown with considerable force coatings so applied can be the means ings can be applied in sufficient thick ness to build up already damaged areas to original dimensions, they will be doubly effective in salvaging onto the surface to be covered. The iron plates are first cleaned and roughened by shot-blasting and the lead coating is applied. The plates of prolonging the life of much stand ing equipment which is threatened with destruction or damage bv severe exposures. as well as preserving existing equip ment. Lead coated filter plates and frames in use A recent application of a lead coat ing process bv a western mining and refining company accomplishes the two purposes very effectively. The Sullivan Mining Company of Kel logg. Idaho, in its electrolytic zinc plant have occasion to remove pre cipitated impurities from a zinc sul phate solution by means of plate and frame filter presses. The plates and frames of unprotected cast iron were Used cast-iron filter plates before and after cleaning and spray coating with lead War Housing Conversion Projects Follow Local Plumbing Codes HE conversion of existing struc taking full advantage of labor condi Ttures into housing accommoda tions by requiring that work shall be tions for war industry workers is getd one in compliance with existing cus ting well under way. Many architects toms, ordinances and codes. The in war industry centers are preparing Master Specification for conversion plans and cost estimates and a num jobs states that plumbing installa ber of projects are under construc tions ". . . shall be made in accord tion. Buildings selected for conver ance with the rules and regulations of sion to multiple units vary from large the local authority having jurisdic single family houses to business and tion." loft buildings but in nearly every case This indicates that in communities the structure is within the limits of where lead is required by the plumb town or city and the work is subject ing code its specification for use in to local ordinances and inspection. government financed housing conver The Home Owners Loan Corpora sions will be a matter of course. In tion which; is in charge of Govern localities where the use of lead for ment financed housing conversions is closet bends, wastes, vents and traps --4-- LIA25758 i, optional it should be used in the interests of conservation of other more critical materials. One comparatively large conver sion project now nearing completion in Pueblo. Colo., will provide 29 fam||v living units in the Broadway Ar cade Building. In compliance with the Pueblo Plumbing Code and the H O.L.C. master specification, all soil lines and stacks are lead-calked cast iron. Closet bends and drum traps are of extra heavy lead and all fixture waste connections are of lead pipe. A|| of these materials bear the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval and the owner of the Broadway Arcade knows that his building conforms to the re quirements of the Plumbing Inspec tion Department of the city of Pueblo and that he can safely operate it as an apartment after the termination of the lease period and the Government returns it to his possession. Another and quite different type of conversion job is being done at the Georgia School of Technology at At lanta. Ga. Here a large building which has been used for classrooms is being converted into a dormitory for Naval personnel stationed at the school. This work is also being done under the local code and is a complete lead and cast-iron soil pipe job. In addition, lead pans under shower bat teries are being installed on both sec ond and third floors. These pans are installed over an existing wood floor in exactlv the same manner as is correct for new construction, either wood or concrete. They are laid on a cushion of one thickness of 15 lb. building felt which is turned up around the edges to pro tect the entire bottom and outside of the pan. After forming, each pan is coated heavily inside with asphalt. This is to protect the lead until the free lime in the tile mortar bed be comes inactive. It is also good prac tice to lay a layer of the building felt inside the pan before placing the tile mortar as a protection against pos sible mechanical damage. Bathroom and sink roughing in the Broad way Arcade Building, Pueblo, Colo. The flexibility of lead and its ease of installation with a minimum num ber of joints make it an especially de sirable material for conversion and remodeling work but these advan tages are in addition to the qualities of permanence and safety which are the reasons for its requirement by so many efficient and conscientious plumbing inspection departments. Lubrication of Heavily Loaded Gears Improved With Lead HE lubrication of the gears of thin uniform film which in combina Theavy machinery is a difficult tion with the grease provides an ex problem, especially if the gears operc eedingly low friction surface. This necessary with ordinary gear grease and that it will immediately reduce friction and noise on all open gear ate at a fairly high rate of revolution. coating is renewed with each succeed machines. It is used on hoisting ma Heavy pressures squeeze ordinary ing application thus providing con chinery in mines and shipyards, on grease out from between the teeth and tinuous metallic protection as well as electric locomotives, on ore roasting centrifugal force tends to throw it lubrication. machinery and in numerous other ex from the rim of the wheel. A lubri The manufacturers of lead-bearing acting applications. It is also being cant which will remain in place under gear grease state that it is extremely used on hoist ropes under heavy ser great loads and adhere to the metal tackey and will not throw, that small vice in severe exposure and is re will be far more durable than many er quantities can be used than are ported to be giving excellent service. of the ordinary saponified hard oil^O or nnbre types o' ri- greases now in com 4 High speed hoist in a Utah mine lubricated with leaded gear grease mon use. Metallic lead has definite lubri cating properties. The application of lead as a lubricant to gears of heavily loaded machinery is a relatively new development which is proving of in terest to operators of heavy equip ment. The lead is applied in the form of a fine powder mixed into a high vis cosity grease which acts as a carrier. In operation the lead powder is forced into any pores or scratches on the surface of the gear teeth and forms a --5-- LIA 2575 9 No. 20 \ew -Jersev Farm Houses Show fharmiog Detail HE part plaved hv New Jersev in Tthe battles incident to the estab lishment of this Republic is well known and recorded in history but the earlv prosperity and traditions of gracious living as recorded by domes tic architecture have received less The two story section of the Silas Tuttle House in IChippany, .V. was built in 1775. The present-owner still keeps it well protected with pure white lead paint notice than is their due. Perhaps the rounded by urban developments of Whippany, which was built by Joseph reason for this is that the early settlers later date. Tuttle in 1675. served as the first post followed agricultural pursuits and so The three dwellings shown on this office of Whippany. lived in isolated farmsteads rather page were once farmhouses although These houses are well cared for and than in the compact villages and they now stand within the corporate their owners cherish them as homes as towns which grow up around manu limits of towns. The Joseph Corey well as historic landmarks. Each price facturing and maritime industries. and Andrew Corey houses in Cald less detail is sealed against the de However, many such records exist and well are on land which was purchased structive forces of weather w ith dura their discovery is often all the more from the Indians in 1702. The orig ble white lead paint to preserve them exciting for the finding of them sur inal wing of the Silas Tuttle house at for many more years of useful service. The Joseph Corey House, left, and the Andrew Corey House, right, Caldwell, N. J., built in 1766 and 1776 respectively are the cherished homes of their present owners who regularly use pure white lead paint to keep them sound and beautiful PHOTOS BY DAYTON SNYDER THIS IS NO. 20 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS DT VARIOCS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD .AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATER LAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. 6-- -- LIA 2576 0 wmm ern Importance of High Quality ia Putty Often Overlooked F all the materials used by mass. This means about 12 ounces of O painters, putty probably re whiting to one pound of soft paste ceives the least consideration in sewlech-ite lead and it makes a very rich (ion and specification. In fact, puptutytty with excellent holding power. is often considered something of a In making this mixture it will at first joke. Five pounds of ``quarter inch seem too stiff and dry but continued putty" is a painters equivalent of the mixing and pounding will make it left handed monkey wrench that is smooth and workable with the fingers sometimes the object of the carpenter or putty knife. This is the type of or plumber apprentice's search. But putty that was commonly used on putty is not a joke and the use of much of the early work in this coun putty of inferior quality can have try and many old houses can be found serious consequences. In addition to with the original putty sound and in securing glass in window sash, putty excellent condition. has the legitimate function of filling nail holes and other unavoidable in Prime Before Puttying dentations in the surface to be painted, but mere bulk is the least important attribute it must possess. Putty that shrinks excessively or does not stick permanently in place is worse than Putty should never be applied to bare wood. All nail holes and other depressions should be puttied after the priming coat is applied. Putty sticks best to a painted surface and useless. For window sash and all other uses where it is exposed to the weather the kind of putty used for many generaiio..s i- still the most servicable. It is a mixture of white lead, whiting and linseed oil. Some putties are made of whiting and linseed oil only and cheap putties may even be made of marble dust and petroleum oil. sash also should be primed before the putty is applied. In fact if it were practical it would be excellent prac tice to paint around the edge of the glass before applying the outside putty. Cases are not uncommon where wind driven rain penetrated between putty and glass and so leaked through the sash. Paint would have adhered to the glass and caused the Composition Similar to Paint Putty used on exteriors is subject to the same exposures as paint and the putty to seal tightly against moisture. On repainting work the checking and reputtying of window sash is an best putty is made of the same ma terials as the best paint plus some whiting to give it bulk. Probably the most widely used combination speci BUY WAR BONDS fied by architects and used by experi enced painters consists of soft paste white lead to which is added just AND STAMPS EVERY PAYDAY enough whiting to make a workable important duty of the painter. If anv putty has loosened or fallen out it is best to remove all of the old putty in order that new material can be ap plied in a smooth and workmanlike manner. Sections still adhering to the wood should be chipped out care fully to avoid damaging the sash. After replacing any damaged glazing points the glass rebate should be primed with white lead paint. When the paint is dry the rebate is pressed full of white lead putty which is knifed off smooth and later painted with the rest of the sash. While on the subject of sash, sev eral points might be noted where careful painting can be of great im portance. It is good practice to run the paint just slightly beyond the edge of the putty onto the glass to form a seal. This must be done ac curately to line so that it will not be cut or scraped off by the window cleaner who might carelessly cut into the putty. Also, both top and bottom edges of double hung sash should be painted to seal the end grain of the side rails. All four edges of casement sash can be painted because they are accessible and are not required to slide. Careful sealing of exposed end grain will greatly lengthen the life of the sash. W'hite Lead Putty Lasts The strength and durability of white lead putty is the result of the same interaction between white lead and linseed oil that makes pure white lead paint tough and long lasting. By reason of similarity of materials white lead paint adheres to white lead putty and will not scale off. White lead putty like white lead paint can be depended upon to stay in place and do its job for long periods of time. t r a d e n a me s a n d n a me s o f ma n u f a c t u r e r s o f a r t ic l e s d e s c r ib e d in l e a d a r e o mit t e d in a c c o r d a n c e w it h l e a d in d u s t r ie s a s s o c ia t io n p o l ic y , s u c h n a me s a n d f u r t h e r d e t a il s w h e n a v a il a b l e , w il l b e u i.a d l y PROVIDED ON REQUEST --7-- LIA 2576 1 WPB Eases Restrictions on Use of Lead es t r ic t io n s on the use of lead R have been further eased bv the latest amended General Preference Order \l-38. issued by ^ PB on Mav 26, 1943. This change is in recogni tion of the excellent domestic supply situation and the existance of a large emergency stockpile of lead in the hands of the Metals Reserve Com pany. The amended order permits all uses considered essential by WPB and removes limiting restrictions as to weights and thicknesses of metal for specific purposes. Definitions for the purpose of the order include antimonial lead, the use of which is in creasing in die castings and in sheet form. Prohibition of the use of lead in "glass for ornamental purposes'" does not mean came lead used for setting window glass but does mean lead used as an ingredient of glass used in orna mental objects. Special uses of lead such as x-rav protection, scientific or industrial equipment were not restricted in the original order nor were lead plumb ing or painting materials limited. In connection with plumbing ami water service uses of lead it is im portant to note that the General Pref erence Order for Tin. .M-43. issued on May 25. permits the use of solder containing up to 32.5 percent of tin for plumbing purposes and solder containing up to 38 percent of tin for water service installation and repair. This wise allowance of limited use of precious tin will encourage the con tinued use of lead for plumbing and water services which might otherwise have to be of iron or steel, so much needed for military purposes. The following irticles and reprints contain information, drawinoi and torcifications on the use of tead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New Yorv 17, N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT BRUSH UP ON YOUR PAINTING HOW LUMBER AND PAINT KEEP YOUR HOME ALWAYS IN STYLE SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS STOP DEMON RUST STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME DON'T GAMBLE WITH PAINT WHITE LEAD PAINT FOR DEFENSE HOUSING SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING NEW SIMPLIFIED STANDARD FOR LEAD TRAPS AND BENDS COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking: Lead, CS94-41 Lead Pipe, CS95-41 Lead Trap* and Bend*, CS96-41 LEAD PLUMBING FOR DEFENSE HOUSING LEAD EQUIPMENT USED IN IN. DUSTRY By F. E. Wormser, Secretary of Lead Industries Association A summary of the uses of lead in the pro duction and handling of corrosive chem icals. Reprinted from "Metal Progress" to be included in the next edition of "American Society of Metals Handbook." NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS Bv W. Yonkman, Engineer. Western Electric Co. A description of a successful hot 'lip lead coating process with complete instructions for changing over from hot dip guUanizing using the same equipment. * Not previously listed. MEMBERS OF THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ALPHA METAL & ROLLING MILLS. INC...................................... Brooklyn, N. Y. THE JOHNSTON TIN FOIL A METAL CO........................................ Si. Louis. M. THE AMERICAN METAL CO.. LTD...............................................New York. N. Y. KAHN BROTHERS ............................................................................Brooklyn. N. 1 . AMERICAN SMELTING k REFINING CO...................................... New York. N. Y. KANSAS CITY SMELTING CO......................................................... Kansas City. Mu. BUNKER HILL k SULLIVAN MINING k CONCENTRATING CO.. Kellogg. Idaho THE LEW'IN MATHES CORP........................................................... St. Louis. M... CAMBRIDGE SMELTING CO......................................................... Cambridge, Ma. JOHN R. MacGREGOR LEAD CO...................................................... .Chu-ago. ID. CHIEF CONSOLIDATED MINING CO.................................................. Eureka. Utah METALS REFINING CO. (The Glidden Co.).................................... Hammond, lud. CROWN METAL CO...........................................................................Milwaukee. Wu. NATIONAL LEAD CO.........................................................................V* York. V 'i DAYROCK MINING CO....................................................................... Wallace, Idaho NORTH AMERICAN SMELTING CO.. INC....................................... Philadelphia. I'a DICKSON WEATHERPROOF NAIL CO...............................................Evanton. Ml. NORTHWEST LEAD CO........................................................................Seattle. W *.|. DIVISION LEAD CO..................................................................................Chicago. 111. PARK UTAH CONSOLIDATED MINES CO..............................Salt Lake Citv. I tab THE EAGLE PICHER LEAD CO........................................................Cincinnati. Ohio PITTSBURGH WHITE METAL CO.................................................. Brooklyn. N. Y. THE ELECTRIC AUTO-LITE CO........................................................... Toledo. Ohio REYNOLDS METALS CO................................................................... Rohm..... ETHYL CASOLINE CORP.................................................................. New York. N. Y. RIVER SMELTING & REFINING CO............................................... Cleveland, Ohio EUSTON LEAD CO. tThe Glidden Co.)...............................................Scranton. Pa. ROCHESTER LEAD WORKS. INC.................................................. Rochester. V \ . EVANS LEAD CO............................................................................ Charleston. W. Va. ST. JOSEPH LEAD CO.....................................................................V* A ..rk, Y A . EVANS METAL CO...................................................................................Atlanta. Ca. SHERMAN LEAD CO....................................................................................... ttallare.Idaho FEDERAL MINING k SMELTING CO............................................. New York. N. Y. THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO........................................................Clew-land. oh... FEDERATED METALS DIVISION of AMERICAN SMELTING k SILVER KING COALITION MINES CO.................................... Salt Lake City. Utah REFINING CO...................................................................................New York. N. Y. SILVERSTEIN k PINSOF. INC................................................................ Chicago. 111. THE FLEMM LEAD CO.. INC............................................... Long Island City. N. Y. STANDARD ROLLING MILLS. INC.................................................. Brooklyn. V N . VF. P. FULLER k CO.................................................................. San Francisco. Calif. TAMARACK k CUSTER CONSOLIDATED MINING CO...................Wallace. Idaho GARDINER METAL CO............................................................................ Chicago. 111. TINTIC STANDARD MINING CO...............................................Salt Ukr Gin. I tab GENERAL LEAD MANUFACTURING CO........................................... Denver, Colo. UNITED AMERICAN METALS CORP...............................................Brooklyn. N. Y. GOLDSMITH BROS. SMELTING k REFINING CO............................... Chicago. III. UNITED STATES SMELTING REFININC AND MINING CO.. HAMMOND LEAD PRODUCTS. INC........................................................... Hammond.Ind. INC......................................................................................................-New York. N. Y. HECLA MINING CO......................................................................................... Wallace.IdahoTHE VICTORY WHITE METAL CO.................................................Cleveland. Ohio HERCULES MINING CO.................................................................................Wallace.IdahoVULCAN LEAD'PRODUCTS CO....................................................... Milwaukee. W,. HUDSON SMELTING & REFINING CO.................................................Newark. N. J. THE WENSLEY METAL PRODUCTS CO........................................... Denver. Colo. IMPERIAL TYPE METAL CO.................................................................Philadelphia.Pa. WHITE METAL ROLLING k STAMPING CORP..............................Brooklyn. N. \. INTERNATIONAL SMELTING k REFINING CO. (Anaconda Sale* Co. WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO........................................ New Haven. Conn. Agent*) ..............................................................................................New York, N. Y. UPON REQUEST* THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED. AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS l ^25?62 FEINTED IN U. S. A. BY FUBLISHUS FEINTING COUFANY NEW YOEK CITY