Document vBBdyve1vZMwK92OaGXNQpp26

FILE NAME: US Government Contractor Regulations Including Shipyard Regulations (GCR) DATE: 1957 DOC#: GCR008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Presentation from Conference - Pipe Insulation Processes and Procedures - Naval Shipyard * asi Prcced'*9* PjJCS CBS ** y. tisekcr .o Ses ch a suits*4 u=e ntian Kroeasses and Procedures* %4 - QosUmt . ': ' . '* Vt Master Pipefitters, m e n than 0 2 3 7 ether group ef people, face tba increasingly important and difficult teak of prodding and Installing effective insulating materials atcaxd Havai Vessels. , W y la this as im portant asd difficult task? m a t are ve doing about it? . . Hhat advcnoaa have been made? Vhat dees the future hold? The manner in which Insulating materials la applied, and also the selection of these materials, affects both habitability nad operating efficiency of oicr ships, in otherwise perfectly designed ship would be of little value If heat from steam pipes asd machinery was alloyed to escape and convert the ship into as incense oven which eeuld hake the creu, Ve gain, little bjr constructing boilers, reactors and heat exchangers to squseze the tnxlTTniri 2TU of power from tho available fuel and then permitting heat to escape from the tystoa before it expends Its energy an the rotor of the turbine. Canfort of the crew Is net a luxury. In order that men arrive at their battle positions in good health, capable of performing with azudmm effectiveness, this esiort crust be ralctaiaed by whatever control ve. can exercise ever living eondltlens. The steam'turbine Is a heat engine. Ivory conceivable . device Is built Into the boiler to obtain the best possible eaebustion end to transfer the greatest amount of heat to the water la coder to generate the rorr-i-e^ amount of steam per pound ef fuel consuntd. The stean is then superheated to an oven hlQber teaperatuxe to enable It to deliver even greater quaatltlo* of beat energy, to the meter ef the turbine. If the boiler stem flra, the valves end piping, the turbines and pumps ars net properly Insulated, mud: of ths heat energy will be lost to the atmosphere, raising terpereturss In the . machinery apaeee to the point whore they beeosa usiarable, unwanted host must be removed by large, powerful and pensive ventilation aysteas. As the biovex supplies and the e&suster m o v e s air, wind la generutid. is the .vial velocity increases, ' Sftge 1 f 7 lea of radiant beat also iaireases, both txm Insulated and urdnaulatad surface.. This cycle of nor* blowers to renoveBore baat to lose Bora beat to'rmwv* sore heat la extremely' vxdesirable. Of Bourse, the obvious solution la to Insulate efficiently in the beginning* - _ : , 1n every power plant there Is s heat loss frttt'all bested surfaces tad s heat loss to all cooled surfaces. Best loss nay occur In three ways; by conduction, by " convection, and by radiation. . tt aasner of be t flow is nest Important in l&sulstion became it Is the lev conduction which results la the greatest tesperature differential between a hot insulated surface sad the atSQSpbcra (as in steam piping inswlritlan), at tbe relatively.' ` van ataos^icre and a cold surface {as la refrigerating plant insulation). Conduction is associated with solids and cosparlson cf oaterlals la this respect is measured by a faster called tbe "thermal e-rductivity" which expresses rate of conductivity ia British thermal units (STB) per inch of tbieJmess per hour per square feat of area per degree fahrenbeit tanpaxatws differential. Sadlatioa is the method of heat transfer by which a hot body gives off energy in the form of radiant best which is Bitted la ell directions. Tba rorfjiee condition greatly effects the ability of a body to radiate beat. Dull, dark, rough surfaces (such ec CHO pips), arc the best radiator# la order to minimise the traasfer of hast free or to a y body which ia hotter or eolder, respectively, than the surrounding etacapbere, thermal insulation is applied. Thermal insulation is a material or aatarlala of low thermal conductivity. Vhilc inoroaaiao the oconoser of the pleat, thersal insulation, (as was menticecd previously), reduces the quantity / cf air necessary for ventilation ead cooling requirmsents and prevents injury of personnel duo to contact with hot parts cf , apparatus. Zt also insures acre ?**** beat distribution within equirnent. iacther function of thermal insulation is to prevent %/ "sweating" cf cold surfaces on i&ieh etaeapherie moisture condenses a causing undesiznhls dripping as well as accelerated erosion of the BQtal. X wish to phasin'! that insulation asst be ttxfflcie&tly effective to reduce heat losses and lower surface temperatures to a degree which will permit habitable conditions la a specific space of 'coijpurt&sst# Ike* 2 Of? 7 > . Insulating uteriala These eret 1 4 ' . 4 - must pceseaeesrtain characteristics. ' - ^ . a. Low heat conductivity. . ; . b. HococffibatiMliiy e. Lightweight. , d. Capability of e u y inoliiag end application. e. Moisture repellent. . . KoncoxTosira, Insoluble, end chemically innstive. . g. Cposition, structure, and duraetaziaties unchanged by temperatures at which it la to be used, h* Once installed., should not duster, become lumpy. disintegrate* a? build up in masses from Titration. 1. Tarsia proof. ill of us are familiar with the available forms of Insulating materials such aa; . ` e. Holied sectional pipe coverings . S Magnesia > Distacaeeous earth Cork b* Block . (1) Magnesia ' (2) Dlataaeecom earth. . O) Cork e. Blanket insolation (1) Amoslta Am Plartio il) Magnesia ecment . 2} Sigh tanpercture cement These fenilicr materials here been with us and in use ca ships as long as any of us can rmtaabur. . During Vorld lfar H a few changes in materials were made. Unibestos, tfaieh is a&oslte is pipacovering sectional fom, was introduced. 11so, vo started using.blanket insulation su>dt as glass on ventilation systems. After tbs carrier Lcodngtaa m i mml:, as / veil es because of uncTntrollablo fires os other battle-straek v vessels, ve substituted asbestos doth sad glass doth for canvas as a lagging material. Until recently, m-ihods of installing insulating materials remained almost tbs asms as always. Probably the most gsrtlcal change vss that of substituting the use of adhesives for the needle end thread in the application of doth lagging. .: Bags 3 of 7 Greater efficiency of pverplaata dictates inerases In both pressures eDl-'tssperatwas used. Aside frm the prohlras of Botallurcr d fanrlpattoa of piping systems Pipe. Shops must be increasingly elext to the need for sore affective aaterielfl end processes. : ., * e , Bevelopsra cf insulating materials have, in the lest few years, produced nary nev insulating naterials. Many of these lend their characteristics readily and favorably to shipboard uses. . V# ere f anilfar with the problems encountered La Insulating deck steam lisas aboard tankers. Beeausa a loaded tanker in heavy seas has its decks constantly awash, insulating materials, aceh as aaB&esia( which readlly absorb salt voter, are of little Talus, Each tine insulation absorbs salt water, solta are latrod'xed into the saterial. She pipe is busted, water being evaporated end leaving the salts, Each subsequent soaking brings additional salt until the insulation is filled with foreign material and beca&es entirely useless. . ` Any solution to tho problea of deck steam piping insulation deneads that the insulation be completely voter-preefed. Two solutions offer themselves the first, and possibly nest obvious, would be to rqplesa the catwalk on the deck of the tanker with a waterproof tunnel-like passage ikes forecastle to peep. deck. Shis would peroit personnel to travel the length of the ship in foulest of veatbor. On its overhead and sides could he placed pining and electrical conduits out of the weather. The second solution, and the ono being xplcyed at Long Beach, is to Insulate dock steam piping with a non-abaoxptive material, Me use feamglsss escticoal insulation. Ibis is a material which meets all r aquiroeats for insulation. However, because of its nature all coatsct surfaces must be cemented together with a waterproof adhesive. The adhesive willeh we'have been using is net adequate In that It does,not set up quickly enough nor is strong enough for our purpose. Severer, we have discovered an aiihealve called Tuff-Sond, manufactured fey the Goodlee E. Kecre Caspar^ of Basville, Illinois, atd which apparently will eehexc any two ubsto&ses* * Xf Tuff-Bond delivers as well as v* caepecrt it will solve still anethar problaa, that of attaching insulation fastenings to surfaces te be insulated, such as ventilation ducts. . This material baa not received BuShips approval. However, we have requested evaluation from them. ; ' Ibgii 4 a? 7  3 vs 21 well realise refrigeration insulation has teen profale area'through the tests* Ibis as a problem area during rid War -IX because of the cute shortage of insulators Uho were ipeUe of applying oork issdatton properly. The euttiagjnd Itiiag of cork to exact neasumzcnta, particularly la 'eoipiasd riu requires considerable rkUl and is tins consuaing. The Toanglass end' adhesives vhieh are used ea dusk steaa Lass s e m to be the answer to the refrigeration Insulation reblcn. ; . . Ve hare insulated one co&plete refrigeration aynta on a estroyer with this material and it proved to be satiafaenery. re appreciable savings in labor seats vsro realized but he material coats vers such leas This la an important factor as lsulation often costa sore then the pipe on Which it la applied. - Ug sxe also applying Foaaglaas on chilled water linos rd plan to disenstinna the use-of cork os an Insulating Material. In addition to the chilled water piping, ue have smrr iles of cold water piping such as flushing and fire systucs. tosant specifications eall for the application of blanket type xsulatioa (Anoslte) to cold water piping. Ibis la a duaty, tlme- chore which requires considerable skill to produce a neat ippearlng completed Job. batcad of cork ax. blanket insulations on chilled, water tsd cold water systems another notarial might be used* This ia LastrooG-'s Arsafle*. Asaafloc is furnished in a variety of since tp te 2-$" 2.P.S., as a long tylinier or tabs. In new installations this notarial eaq be aliased over the 3ipe, pushed f t the Joints for ail-brazing, sod then returned bo position. 1 fitting cover is installed with ecntaet surfaces nested and the Job ia ccaplotd accept for painting. Being flexible, the material can bo bent around curved piping easily. On did Installations the tube la flit slipped over the . pipe ecntaet eurlacea are then ceaented, and the Job is finished. Being the appropriate larger size notarial fitting covers aan be fabricated easily. _ Probably best of all In eases of notional mergescy, with dtllod labor unobtainable, new employees could be trained to install iroafla* in a trfnijaa period of tine. ( ' . . . - ' ' fctfj 5 of 7 pie / V si. Job, a3hlen, ' ' is ouple B I 2 earing ' : faing ,/ old /* aa Ot SRTlgh. 35. (half e ion o nfaxsncc. nin.