Document vB8qKkLBvEmpdjM5ER2yZR1ow

186 CHAPTER 13 adequate ventilation of the attic. Double-glazed t>d weather- stnpped windows, heat-absorbing glass, planned shade tree locations, and light-colored exterior wall and roof surfaces, also help to reduce the cooling load. REFER&4CES 1 W. S. Harris and E. J. Brown: A amplified procedure for calculation of residential cooling loads (ASHRAE Journal, October 1960, p. 43). * Application Engineering Standard far Year-Round Resi dential Air Conditioning (Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 230-61). * Load Calculation for Residential Winter and Summer Air Con ditioning (National Warm Air Headteg and Air Conditioning Association, Manual J, 1961). * Coding Load Calculation Guide No. C-30 (Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers, 3rd ed., 1962). ' Design and Installation ofSummer Air Conditioning (National Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Association, Section 6, Manual 11, 1955). * M. E. Quids, R. W. Boose, H. T. Gilkey, and S. Konzo: Comparative Performances tf Two Warm Air Perimeter Sys tems and Three Convection Systems (University of TUinoii, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 408, 1942). T A, P. Krats, M. K. Fahnestock, and 8. Konzo: Investiga tion of Summer Cooling in the Warm Air Heating Research Residence (University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Sta tion Bulletin 290, 1930). * R. A. Gonzalez: How power usage varies for summer air conditioning of identical residences (Refrigerating Engineering, January 1957, p. 35). 1962 Guide And Data Book *T. N. WiOcox: Annual utility cost operating residential cooling system (Fuel Oil Hews, June 1954). " S. F. Gilman. L. A. Hall, and E. P.- Palmatier: The oper ating cost of residential cooling equipment (ASHVE Transac. tions, Vo!. 60, 1954, p. 525). 11 8. S. Viaher: Relative cooling requirements for American homes (The Scientific Monthly, November 1945, p. 211). " E. N. Kemler and S. Oglesby: Beat Pump Application* (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1950, 1st ed., p. 246). u Sumner Weather Data (The M&rley Co., Otv Kansas, 1939, Chapter VI). * BIBLIOGRAPHY H. T. Gilkey, D. R. Bahnfleth, and R. W. Roose: Cooling a small residence with a two-horsepower mechanical condensing unit (ASHVE Teanbactions, VoL 60,1854, p. 271). Continuous Air Circulation (National Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Association, Manual No. 6, 1955). D. R. Bahnfleth, C. F. Chen, and H. T. Gilkey: Cooling a email residence using a perimeter-loop duct system (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59,1953, p. 283). H. E. Straub and 8. F. Gilman: Room air distribution research for year-round air conditioning. Part II--Supply out lets at three floor locations (ASHVE T&ansactions. Vol. 60. 1954, p. 249). R. A. Gonzales: How and where to install air cooled condens ers (Heating and Air Conditioning Contractor, May 1956, p. 44). Residential Air Conditioning--a Summary Report of the Austin Village Project (National Association of Home Builders May 1956). ^ CHAPTER 14 STORE AIR CONDITIONING STORES: load Determination, Equipment Selection, Air Distribution, Control System, Cost Determination, Maintenance; VARIETY STORES: Spaces to be Conditioned, Load Calculations, Types of Systems, Controls, Maintenance; SUPERMARKETS: Centra/ Systems, Design Considerations, Load Calculations, Air Distribution. Equipment; DEPARTMENT STORES: Load Determination, System Design, Air Distribution, TemperaJure Control nrffllS chapter will discuss the design and application of I air-conditioning systems for various types of stores, including: (1) small stores, (2) variety stores, (3) supermar kets, and (4) department stores. PART I: SMALL STORES Air conditioning in modern small stores has become more of a necessity rather than just a convenience to provide com fort for the customer. With the advent of greater lighting intfn"tiea in show windows and sales areas, and with internal fixture layouts discouraging use of windows for internal ventilation, air conditioning has become a prime requirement of modern store design. The requirements for air-conditioning design and installa tion in small stores are fairly uniform with variations as to location of equipment, services, and air distribution. Generally, in email store air-conditioning design, unitary equipment should be considered. Ease of installation, economy in first costs, minimum space requirements, factory warran ties and relocation of equipment arc some of the advantages of unitary equipment. For information on unitary air con ditioners, see Chapter 57 of the 1961 Guide And Data Book. LOAD DETERMINATION In order to properly apply equipment, it is necessary to know the construction of the space to be conditioned, as well as the use and occupancy. The time of day in which greatest occupancy occurs, as well as physical building characteristics and lighting layouts, should be obtained from drawings. If drawings are not available, an actual survey of the premises should be including the following pertinent information: Windows--type, size, number, storm oh and shading devices - available. Skylights--sue Walla--construction, insulation and interior finish. Partitions--type, height, exposure to show windows. Ceiling and Roof--construction, insulation, type of occupancy exhaust systems where sods mid lunch counters exist, requir ing an increased quantity of outdoor air. Heavy smoking and objectionable odors may require special filtering media in con junction with outdoor air intake. Load calculations often can be made with sufficient accuracy by use of the short form cool ing load estimate form as recommended by the Air-Condition ing and Refrigeration Institute.1 If a more detailed load calcu lation is necessary, the procedure outlined in Chapter 26 of the 1961 Guide And Data Book should be used. Table 1 presents typical factors which may be used as check figures and for field estimate information. However, Table 1 should not be used for final determination of load since the values are only averages. EQUIPMENT SELECTION Modern unitary equipment is offered in many types and nwtela as discussed in Chapter 57 of the 1961 Guide And Data Book. Free standing types are most commonly used where floor space is available. The units are readily adapted for installation within the store fixture work. Units also can be installed remote from the conditioned areas, in utility or basement spaces, with distribution through ductwork. Where floor space is not available, suspended unitary equip ment can be installed. Existing stores with small cooling loads often use room air conditioners installed in transoms above the doors or through walls where space is available. Where air-cooled condenser operation is advantageous, units are available with air-cooled condensers and compres sors combined as a unit to be mounted remotely, with fan coil unit rpo|>nt*d within or adjacent to the conditioned area. The reverse-cycle system (heat pump) offered as packaged equipment can be readily adaptable for small store applica tion with economies in first costs, if the heating equipment is.- Table \ .... Average Load Factors for Checking and Reid Estimates People--data from Owner as to estimated i tune and duration. Lights--watte per square foot or actual fixture count. Appliances--type, size, heat input, output, or motor size (if available). Electric Power--size of existing service. Heating--availability of steam, hot water, gas or electric. Cooling--availability of chilled water, well water, city water, water conservation equipment. Rigging and Delivery of Equipment--access for equipment de livery. Structural Considerations Existing Obstructions--removed or relocated. Ventilation--opening through roof or wall for outside air duct, number of doors to sales area and exposures. Orientation of Store Specific design requirements must be considered, such as type of Star* Vnti- lighting, Wofli FwSqft MMm Outdoor Air, Changes Nr Hr Camera Shop Candy Store Drug Store Drug Store with. Lunch Counter 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 4 Furrier's Stop Clothing Store Jewelry Shop 2 2 2 5 1 2 iM I Venti lation, Nr Cfa 6 6 10 15 6 10 m 6 7H Average Floor Area, Syft Nr Tea 180 150 12fT* 250 200 187