Document v6orjkOYx3e6obxYkevO8GnQq

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ASA-768 AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING COMPANY Department of Environmental Sciences Salt Lake City, Utah Plant: EL PASO Field Work: John B. Richardson Survey Date: January 16-19, 1974 Report Date: March 11, 1974 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY REPORT I. OPERATING CONDITIONS: Number 2 Blast Furnace was not in operation. Conditions were otherwise normal, including the usual curtailment of the Sinter Plant during the day shift to avoid violations of State SO2 standards. II. SAMPLING: A. A.I.S.I. tape samplers were used in four areas to collect one-hour sequential samples of airborne dust and fume: 1) Cadmium Plant - Godfrey roaster 2) Cadmium Plant - Storage shed 3) Sinter Plant - Fire floor, feeder end 4) Blast Furnace - Between No. 1 and No. 2 Blast Furnaces Samples collected in both the Sinter Plant and the Blast Furnace Department were analyzed for lead only. All Cadmi um Plant samples were analyzed for both lead and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. B. Individual dust and fume samples were collected concurrently with Dr. Delmar D. Krehbiel, an Occupational Safety and Health Administration enforcement officer from the Lubbock, Texas district office. M.S.A. personal monitors equipped with Millipore filters were used: plastic casing intact and inlet plug removed. A respirable dust and fume sample was collected using a M.S.A. personal monitor equipped with a cyclone device and a Milli pore filter. ASARCO ELP 0004263 2 Asbestos samples were taken in the general warehouse, in a small storage shed, in the carpenter shop, and in the Blast Furnace area. A M.S.A. personal monitor and open-face Millipore filters were used. III. SAMPLING RESULTS: A. A.I.S.I. Tape Samplers; Airborne lead and cadmium concentrations are listed as fol lows : Department Location Anal- Concentration (mg/m3) ysis Mean Max. Min. Cadmium Godfrey Roaster Cd 0.01 0.04 0.002 Pb 0.05 0.15 0.001 No of Hourly Samples Figure No. 23 1 2 Storage shed Cd 0.13 0.87 0.004 23 3 Pb 0.13 0.70 0.004 4 Lead D & L Fire Floor Pb Blast Furnace Pb 0.43* 0.14 1.13 0.39 0.07 0.07 25 5 22 6 * Mean value exceeds OSHA 8-hour time-weighted average OSHA Limits: Pb 0.20 mg/m3 Cd fume 0.1 mg/mJ Cd dust -- 0.2 mg/m3 B. Personal Monitors: The M.S.A. personal monitor results for dust and fume of lead, cadmium and zinc are tabulated below: Department Lead-Dross Lead-Blast Lead-D & L Lead--D & L Employee s No. #60 #168 #1035 #1106 Job or Operation #5 Kettleman 920 Operator D&L Fireman D&L Fireman Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) 1/16 325 1/16 327 1/16 315 1/16 318 Anal Cone1n, ysis (mg/m3) Pb 0.30 * Pb 0.20 Pb 0.47 * Pb 0.45 * ASARCO ELP 0004264 3 B. Personal Monitors Deoartment EmDlovee S No. (Con1t.): Job or Operation Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) LeadBaghouse Lead-Dross #1092 Baghouse ' 1/16 310 .. Helper #2366 Dross Craneman 1/16 281 Lead-Blast #20 1/17 265 Lead-D & L #1432 Feederman 1/17 265 Lead-D & L #1106 D&L Fireman 1/17 266 Lead-Dross #2227 Reverb Fceman 1/17 244 Mill #2302 Feederman 1/17 254 Cd Plant #18 Fireman 1/17 256 Cd Plant #82 Craneman 1/17 . 280 Anal Cone'n. ysis (mg/m3) Pb 0.41 * Pb 0.27 * Pb 1.70 * Pb 0.71 Pb 0.25 Pb 0.48 Pb 0.25 * Pb 0.28 * Cd 0.14 Pb 0.36 * Cd 0.26 * Zinc Kilns Lead-D & L Cd'Plant - #1218 #2316 (Respirable Sample) Pb 0.09 (Respirable Sample) Cd 0.04 Pb Respirable Fraction = 25% Cd Respirable Fraction = 15% Loading Surge Bin 1/18 245 Pb 1.42 * Zn 6.50 k Beltman Fireman 1/18 1/18 168 167 Pb 3.60 * Pb 1.10 * Cd 1.42 *+ * Exceeds OSHA 8-hour time-weighted average + Exceeds OSHA acceptable ceiling concentration for cadmium dust ? Hay exceed OSHA limit depending upon type of exposure, e.g., dust and/or fume PRESENT OSHA STANDARDS: Material 8-hour timeweighted average Acceptable Ceiling Conc'n. (Not to be exceeded at any time durinq an 8-hour shift) Cadmium dust Cadmium fume Lead dust & fume ZnO fume 0.2 mg Cd/m^ 0.1 mg Cd/m^ 0.2 mg Pb/m3 5.0 mg ZnO/m^ 0.6 mg Cd/m^ 0.3 mg Cd/mJ None None ASARCO ELP 0004265 4 C. Asbestos sampling; Asbestos sampling resulted in the following values: Department Employee & No. Job or Operation Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) Conc'n based on 8-hour sampling time time No. fibers >5A weighted in length/cm3 air cone'n Warehouse ! #5650 Cutting 1/18 asbestos board 2 2.3 0.01 #5650 Cutting 1/18 asbestos cloth 2 2.3 0.01 Brickmason Crew #1522 Mixing Insulag 1/18 inside shed 4 4.7 0.04 Carpenter Shop #5483 Cutting asbes 1/19 13 tos roll with V"; band saw 22.2 + 0.60 Masonry #861 Caulking 1/21 102 C. 4 0.035 1 Blast Fee. Carpenter Shop R. Carey ------- Sawing transite 1/23 5 46.3 + 0.43 OSHA 8-hour, time-weighted standard = 5 fibers ^ 5/x in length/cm3 of air. > + Exceeds OSHA ceiling concentration of 10 fibers > S/U in lenyth/cr.v' of air, not to be exceeded at any time during an 8-hour shift. IV. COMMENTS: A. Cadmium Plant: * Although tape sampler results show low airborne lead and cad mium levels in this department, personal monitor values in dicate otherwise. All three employees sampled showed excessive exposure to lead and cadmium. Although the craneman's overall lead and cadmium exposure appears less than that of the ocr.er two cadmium workers sampled, he may actually experience much higher excursions during the time he loads the hopper. Personnel in this department appeared to be firmly committed to respirator wearing. Sfvi ASARCO ELP 0004266 5 Zinc Plant: The only employee sampled was in the kiln area. Both lead and zinc oxide fume exposures were in excess of the OSHA 8-hour standards. Respirator-wearing appeared to be generally good. C. Lead Plant: With one exception all personal monitor results in this de partment exceeded the OSHA lead standard. The results of the sampler located in the Sinter Plant confirm this conclusion. The tape sampler located in the Blast Furnace area showed generally low levels of airborne lead, whereas the personal monitor results for the same area indicated that individual exposures are much greater. Respirator-wearing appeared to be faithfully adhered to in the Lead Plant, except for occasional laxness in the Blast Furnace area. D. Asbestos Sampling Results: Of the six samples taken, two were in excess of the OSHA max imum allowable standard (Carpenter Shop). Eight-hour, timeweighted average concentrations for all samples were below the OSHA limit. In the cases of the Insulag mixing and asbestos roll cutting, respirators were worn during sampling. Based on the OSHA 8-hour standard and the infrequency of the operation, asbestos sheet and cloth cutting in the warehouse constitutes a negligible health hazard. Insulag mixing and Blast Furnace caulking, also intermittent operations, would fall into a low-hazard category. Mixing would become even less of an exposure problem if the task were performed in the open air and not in a small enclosure. Management has already given verbal assurance that the prac tice of cutting asbestos rolls with band saws and all similar operations which generate heavy dust concentrations will be promptly discontinued. Transite sawing, if continued, requires engineering controls, such as local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems, to attain compliance with the OSHA ceiling concentration standard. Compliance is not achieved by the use of respira tors only. A copy of the OSHA asbestos standard is enclosed with this report. ASARCO ELP 0004267 V. RECOMMENDATIONS: A. The Lead Department continues to be the principal indust, hygiene problem area at El Paso. Personal monitor result obtained by both OSHA and ASARCO substantiate the findings of past surveys. As recommended in earlier reports, engi neering controls should be investigated and applied at the earliest opportunity. B. Personal exposures to both lead and zinc oxide fume continue to be high in the zinc kiln area. The reasons for these per sistently high levels should be reviewed and remedial actions taken. A materials handling study should be conducted to determine major exposure sources. Following such determina tions, engineering controls may be installed or work practices may be altered as needed. C. Ways of providing relief for the Cadmium Department crane operator from heavy exposures to lead and cadmium should be investigated. One possibility might be an air line respirator,-Another is the installation of a closed-cab air conditioner equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Means of reducing the personal exposures of the Cadmium Plant firemen should likewise receive immediate attention. D. Where the policy of respirator-wearing has succumbed to iso lated cases of indifference, such as in the Blast Furnace area, a program of renewed emphasis should be mounted. The OSHA inspector praised ASARCO's respirator program as well as its almost universal acceptance among the employees. From the point of view of a future OSHA industrial hygiene inspec- - tion, one-hundred percent compliance with respirator use would weigh heavily in El Paso's favor. But as a matter of every-day practice, El Paso should continually demonstrate its total commitment to the program. E. Employees who routinely use asbestos or asbestos products, such as Insulag and transite, should be apprised of the poten tial hazard. Wherever practicable, wet handling of asbestos rope, sheets or cloth should be encouraged. Cutting sheets or rolls with high-speed saws should be banned, especially in confined areas, where exposure may recur as traffic stirs up settled fibers. Good housekeeping practices should include prompt clean-up of any asbestos products littering the work area. Vacuuming .is the clean-up method of preference. Copper department masons who use asbestos cloth to form skirts around the converter hoods and the masons who caulk blast furnaces should be encouraged to wear their respirators. ASARCO ELP 0004268 If transite sawing is continued, a properly designed local exhaust ventilation system should be installed in the carpen ter shop to control airborne fiber concentrations below OSHA limits during cutting. Posting of caution signs is mandatory whenever concentrations of asbestos fibers may exceed either the 8-hour time-weighted average or the ceiling concentration standard. In addition, caution labels should be attached to any asbestos product, waste, scrap or fixture except where asbestos fibers have, been modified by a coating, binder or other agent, and the release of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits is not foreseeable during handling or use. JBR/nrh Enel. cc: WRKelly LCTravis KDLoughridge DHSoutar KWNelson AJGillespie,Jr./JPStetson REBeckstead EHHaug Dr.CHHine v'MOVarner John B. Richardson Environmental Specialist ASARCO ELP 0004269 12 KT 1/16/74 5 12K 6 >OM Time of ^ 1/17/74 ASARCO ELP 0004270 =T 'TJ CJ a c u 0 jQ u H < 0.4 ~ i; ; ' * _ ___________ '___________ ---------------------.................-- - "J" OR- "[ Figure 3 - CADillUtl ST -- AGE SHED Locati on: Stor age South End o f (ore) Area l --------------i --CADMIjJi __1 ------------ `-VlELfe - ---- ---- n? j, ----------- Brea thing Zone On: 4 :30 p.m. ------------ NOTE: Craneman 41/17/7 & .J . works two T .L . ----------- hours on day shift to -- .................... ______ iill hoppers for roas- - ;( 1_______ 1 ------------------r----------------------- ---------------------------------------------- --r ter. I 11 * * { r . .... 1 p* 1 * i .. _ 0.13 mg/m * . * i 1 *j. li.< i i 1 1 i : 1i ... QSH-fl--5LTJ NPARn -=_C2 .DMXUM--DLLSdi 'it- :: no <t . h i - .1 *. i 1 \| * l. i'| i| i .) " M . :..............L;,,! . ` j' *1 > : ' L______ ! :. _____1 |.. . i :| i r; i .1 * !j ' { 1. i 1 ' j l !:. nl 1 r .1 11 n : ~rr; i ; i. .. i. ,;. ii: : 1 .i: : : i !< i ... i . , *. . j . .1 ' > 1 -- 1 | !' 1 ; 1 _____!_!_ " ..i i -------------tt-------------r"~r" it j . : . l i :1 .. 1..:; it. !i.\ ..i. 5; * 1 '1 M ;|` . i -* ;j ii.it* 1 *. 1 : : ' . .1 * ' ' : i ~_____Lr_ j-z_____-JU._____ :. ! i! ! 1 11,. 1(Ii lilt * i /\ 11* .i' i ; . t1 . ./ :i -1 i .l.j 1. : l'!l * i 1 1 i. :ii . !'il i.; i III.*-: .;.1 ,.ia : 1 . . i. 1 `:1i III* I; >:i. ' i :1 1- 1 . II / \ * / : 1 ' 1_____. ;;1. i ::ii !i' ii. II "1 !i: ii. i ; i * .j ; i i;. ,1 i. *1 1 : \^r***\ _____l< v * A.- 1/ / * \ * / iNf L! ' _____:_____: l\ ' T i\ / l 1--------1 ~ .: i : i;:i S..1 :j i : i ;1 1 \1 j I : \i !. \* 1 i * i, i: 1 : g * * 1 .i ? a- -i. `\ l i * 1 * ! h* , * i . .* 1 - k . 9i > i i : * . 12N 1/17/74 6 12M Time of Day 6 1/18/74 12N 5T 0.4* to 'O (3 O 4 O .0 r-> < 0.1 1/17/74 12K Time of Eay ASARCO ELP 0004271 A irb o rn e Load (ing/m ) A irb o rn e Lead (m g/m - 1/18/74 Time of Day 1/15/74 ASARCO ELP 0004.272 KUIE5 AND RSGULAiiUf'O TA5LS G-2 (c) Methods of compliance--Cl) En gineering methods, (i) Engineering e Mortal 8w>aterce`usrbrstgetl%#sl Accceeapitoazble caaceatratloa Acceptable raAiintua peek abo*a the acceptable ceiUss coaeatta* tloa (or an 5*hour sbUt. trols. Engineering controls, such as, but-; not limited to, isolation, enclosure, es--| haust ventilation, and dust collection.-^ Copceotratloa durattoa shall be used to meet the exposure limitsri prescribed in paragraph (b) of this^S -V.ri ' o-jr/UIua compound! Stoi-pg..p/iij*a...--.. "S- , 23p.pja..;, 5 . 2530 p.p.a... c ,'Zr.5-1070).......................... rl*:>:.3-lS70)......................... CCu-rr-h.Oon:'. c-oUir^Lii*t./.:i7d.d37(..Z33-7r>.1:75*)1.$..6...... ..... . 0.2 =;^1U 20 p.p^a__ LQ p.pja.... .... .... .... 30.=6 ?c7;3Ar*.5..... O25Opp.p.pa.aa..M...I .. 220C0Opp.p.p.D.a...... n*bT:?::ei!*.,T''-2:i'.le(Za7.3l-!?70)_.-.___ 20 p.pja..'. .... SOp.p-n-.r. F.tbrlea* uu'r.la.-.'ii (Z37.21-l9>......... . . 0 p.pA... .... 100 p.pa.. ,. s2o00pp.p.pxajs.....; TC'fTT'.-ldsbrde rZ37.!'r*l557)............ 3p.pj=--.. I p.paa.a-.-v.v-'. tOp.p.n..--. TritrueslartuteO**Z;ii*.i;*oUrvtJ(?Z77.^5--15691. L?t *i',*l"s'<a. c i :s :uc.'3aa:c coapouadJ <ZJ7AiMetay* clUortie (Z37.iS-"lW9) ..2......5...=d2o..--/^*... 0.2SCh^I;ico p.pja.... . 200p.pjn..... . 300p.pjn... Mitbylcae CLiori-i* (Z3?3-13c)..----. 00 p.pXX.-.'s w 1,000 p.pjn..., , 2,000 p.pja. , 10 al&atee; 30 alaute; . 5 maolDa7oa4.tbrotular3.-. ,. 65 amlninuutteess.la . SOaC&DjlS3ObUoSo. n? . 5 mlnates la . 5 any any 3 2 bboolaoarns;; section. 5 <U> Local exhaust ventilation, (atfii Local exhaust ventilation and dust col-.-5 lection systems shall be designed, con--*, structed, installed, and maintained in^i accordance with the American National^ Standard Fundamentals Governing the-:" Design and Operation of Local Fxha Systems, .ANSI. 29.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. C6) See 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSL..29a--1971, and thi maintenance of a-historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National. Standards Institute {alvyb raef"ury (Z37.30-1W9) r: >, 0IC.0O1ps.spsaJaM.--K. .. 200.004ps.ip?ja7--ir^..... Tri.'blorr-tbyl^e (Z37.1JWS37?____________ __ do__.... ___ do__ :... TctrocMaroetbyleas (ZoT.22-iS&7).~------ -- __ do._.-- Tvi-JC* (Zji.'."JCoT),,*,.........*........ II rd:c;4i .*u^ldd ^ZC7.2-IS66)------ .-- 200 p.pA.... . . 3C0p.pA..... 20 p.paa...... . 6C0 p.pja.... . 300p.pjn.... ...,,.do_____ . 500 p.pa... . 50p.pja..~ M-r:ury (Z3T.$-Vj71) ................... Clirajzic acid and clcoaau* (Z57.7-13T1).......... ....' 2 a?71IO..i.l.a'......~~J.-- . Saalnnya3tMhotuars.* . 6 minute* la . 6 Raainya2t*b*oloars. .. 1100aootmannthilylnnye3onr1tts7b*aanoo*voo.oruson.*er** able txpoaar* ' ocean. given in 51910.100. (iil) Particular tools. All ' hand-op erated and power-operated tools which?. may produce or release asbestos fibers.-^ in excess of the exposure limits pre-^ scribed in paragraph (b) of this section.'-J such as, but not limited- to, saws, scorers,-' abrasive-wheels-,-and- drills, shall be pro---f vided with loeal.exhaust .ventilation sys--# terns in accordance-with subdivision' (li>-'^ of this subparagraph;;;.".'".. . - '. '-r Tabts G-3--Mr*rn:. Dura .. AerodynaxdiediAAeUt Percent putia^ (unitdensityspb*>'"selector - (2) 'Work practices--(i) Wet methods.r ; Insofar as practicable;-asbestos shall be-'-j ' handled, mixed, applied., removed, cuhli Sulwiia:*............ ilppel* . . : scored, or otherwise worked in a wet .-=j Cl'^zzu. (rciplroble)------i-'- .. 230* 2" ....................'90 ` * * 1350..05 ..................................................................-..*..2755050 *: state sufficient to-'prevent the emission.-^ ' of airborne-fibers--in--excess of the ex- posure limits prescribed in paragraph: ; (b) of this .section,.unless-the. usefulness * Guam (t.o..t.a..l.d..u.s..;.)_%__si_o_*_*_'__%_s_i_o_*v`T 3oc*3l* AmcTC.uonercmr:*,:jlclpcUrul)u.*o.-lmi:a:urnot;:-;aalur:i^ccc.wlaJeiVrr'a.ue;d.rm-i-r:irqU.aIu*uraCvsleoaVsl*useanKd(r*^-oel*<tMtnr.hIimtrsieh.lot.uneh.slol.a.*oi_rrttea*a_hi.rel_noa.*r-ln 7cS:OH*2 20^. SO, sg/iP' , ^S!Q? 5;::rv*-^ fi??? than t^ crys* 5-.....................................= TT.s*'...Cvfi*t\l-r/-rC.-'iU5;i). -Utosse-(aosrbm&s)t.o..*- 2200 20* of the product-would-be diminished The measurements under this not* refer to the ns* of an AC Uucraraect. II the respirabl* fraction of coal dust Is determined vrith &MRE the fijnre corresponding to that of 2.4 Mg/M' la the table for coal dost is 4L5 iisOl*. thereby. - .- ' 'III Cii).Particular- products and opera- fiojw. No asbestos .cement,'mortar, coat ii 1910.93* Asbestos............................... ing. grout, plaster, or- similar material containing asbestos'shall''be removed- (a) Definitions. For the purpose of - from bags, cartocs,-os-other containers this section, (1) "Asbestos". includes in which they are-shipped, without being chrysotile, axaosite, crocidollte, tremo- either wetted; or Enclosed, or ventilated lite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. so as to prevent effectively the release of i(2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the fibers longer than 5 micrometers. limits prescribed-in-paragraph (b) of (b> Permissible exposure to airborne this section.............................. concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) (iil) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Standard effective July 7, 1372. The Employees engaged in the spraying of S-bour time-weighted average airborne asbestos, the removal,'or demolition of OCTTrim*i*rra-.-r'rIr^rit;.Ub;o>'..t.:l-.c-rj-raT-**-m*r.?;u*epr`e.*arxu!rb)a;.tle..e..,:.Ir..fa..ib.._c..r_t..ol..o..u_a..s.._) 6135 i.-rnttmt Tz: =c:= than S?e SiOa._cE=ir.us _I*.'r,t or vNn.,swr.i * Dust;,, To:A*iUi*..:.r.a..c..;.i.o..c...............n. 1550 2.<ffiS*31J or W=^P S-cSiOH-2 l5Smmf^cOMt1a concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 'micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1, 197S. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers pipes, structures,-or equipment covered .or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided' with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d) (2) (iii) of this-section and with special clothing in ac cordance with paragraph (d) (3) of this section. No?s: C-'v.r* jd.:oonn (paacrtotircsle--s p-r cubic meler to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, -longer than t:.Us p^r c.c. '5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of >-*w aontcerdrr*.*dbraycliuUirb.soihcMsfioil?iociadt otienfcahtinrh.iecbsaf.osermd uolua air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. *% in vticirhonothcuerr-mboarntheodssambaprleesb, exu* (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to cat. ..:".:ita:nr*-n/i*\-.ttl..*c.{->rr?-.,d:fmd:cp*ae-int>miornb*n.nrta:nnqreduafIrirltotsenfratrmhteheIterhuaocpdtpioAliu-t 'Cu7.:'...-..: y2 *//*yI qwu.otnr:c:;itei; l>jUoi'\.t*Qin5uacrb;*a.rau<ia.teQruu;aLr'>t*: airborne cencentiations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre (d) Personal protective equipment-- (1) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees, except: (i) During the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c)- of this section: (ii) In work situations in which the scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. methods prescribed in paragraph (c) of r=Oi?.AL RlGiiTEJ, VOL 37, NO. 202--V/EDNESOAY, OCTOSc* IS, 1972 ASARCO ELP 0004273 RULES AND REGULATIONS 2214:1 .tils section are either technically not based upon, his most recent examination, breathing zone of the employees, on -- ftasicie or feasible to an extent insutfi- an examining physician determines that membrane filters of 0.S micrometer po ciezz to reduce the airborne concentra the employee will be unable to function rosity mounted in an open-face filter- tions oi asbestos fibers below the limits normally wearing a respirator, or that holder. Samples shall be taken for the - prescribed by paragraph (b) of this the safety or health of the employee or determination of the 8-hour time- - - section: or other employees will be impaired by his weighted average airborne concentra (iii) In emergencies. use of a respirator. Such employee shall tions and of the ceiling concentrations of :\t (iv) Where both respirators and per- be rotated to another job or given the asbestos fibers. '.v.sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi- opportunity to transfer to a different po (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. ..vrsions (i>, (ii). cr (iii) of this subpara- sition whose duties he is able to perform After the initial determinations recurred graph, ana both are practicable, person- with the same employer, in the same geo by subparagraph (1) cf this paragraph, . xel rctarion shall be preferred and used. graphical area and with the same senior samples shall be of such frequency and ' (2) Where a respirator is permitted by ity, status, and rate of pay he had just pattern as to represent with reasonable subparagraph (I) of this paragraph, it prior to such transfer, if such a different accuracy the levels of exposure of em -fi'.shall be selected from among those ap- position is available. ployees. In no case shall the sampling be . r . proved by the Bureau of Mines, Depart- (3) Special clothing: The employer done at intervals greater than 6 months : S. ment of the Interior, or the National In- shall provide, and require the use of, spe for employees whose exposure to asbestos fri- stitute for Occupational Safety and cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar may reasonably be foreseen to exceed Health, Department of Health, Educa- whole body clothing, head coverings, the limits prescribed by paragraph Co) ."f---non. and Welfare, under the provisions of gloves, and foot coverings for any em oi this section. i-yr 30 CFR Part 11 (37 PJt. 6244. Mar. 25, -T 1372), and shall be used in accordance r.- with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) . cf this subparagraph. '*>- (il Air -purifying respirators. A reusa- ble or single use air purifying respirator, A- cr a respirator described in. subdivision . (ii) or (iii) cf this subparagraph, shall : be used to reduce the concentrations of v- " airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator u- below the exposure limits prescribed in g=r paragraph (b) -of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver ts.- age airborne concentrations of asbestos -v. fibers 2re reasonably expected to exceed i - no more than 10 times those limits. ; (ii) Powered cir purifying respirators. A ftill facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying -i.-.-. respirator, or a respirator described in :ri~; subdivision (iii) o* this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the eoncentrajl-ricns of airborne asbestos fibers in the r%f-respirator below the exposure limits preNy scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, -iz- when the ceiling cr the 8-hour .timerj;'-weighted average concentrations of ' hi-asbestos fibers are reasonably expected 's_ to exceed 10 times, bat not 100 times, -7v these limits. rw. (iii) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, ccr.rfnuoas flow or pressure-demand ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (bj of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes..... (iii) Laundering: (a) Laundering of asbestos contaminated'clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestoscontaminated clothing to another person, for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in (a) oi this subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be (3) Environmental monitoring--(i) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the Shour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. . (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. is= chics, a type "C" continuous flow cr pres',Jh- sure-demand, supplied-air . respirator transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs, (i) Posting. Caution signs tisashali be used to reduce the concentra- and labeled in accordance with para shall be provided and displayed at each ;w_;ions of airborne asbestos fibers in the graph (g) of this section. location where airborne concentrations -&>rtrespirator below the exposure limits pre- (e) Method of measurement. All de of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the : -:->scr.bed in paragraph (b) of this section, terminations cf airborne concentrations exposure limits prescribed in paragraph nrw when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- of asbestos fibers shall be made by the (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted ^-weighted average airborne concentra- membrane filter method at 400-450 X at such a distance from such a location lions of asbestos fibers are reasonably (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) so that an employee may read the signs ! car. expected to exceed 100 times those limits. : rfl- - (iv) Establishment of a respirator pro- with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the iyp gram, (c) The employer shall establish nations. Within 6 months of the publi signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap a respirator program in accordance with cation of this section, every employer proaches to areas containing excessive Vff'-the requirements of the American Na- shall cause every place of employment concentrations of airbeme asbestos i.cctlonal Standards Practices for Respira- where asbestos fibers are released to be fibers. ; Protection. ANSI ZS3.2-19S9, which monitored in such a way as to determine (ii) Sign spedflections. The warning :;y- is incorporated by reference herein. whether every employee's exposure to signs required by subdivision <i> cf this jV o. See s 1910.6 concerning the avail- asbestos fibers is below the limits pre subparagraph shall conform to the re acility cf ANSI ZES.2-1969 and the main- scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format tenance of an historic file in connection tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em signs specified in 1910.145(d (4j. and i - ~ere...th. ice address of the American. ployer shall immediately undertake a to this subdivision. The signs shall dis . National Standards Institute is given in compliance program in accordance with play the following legend in the lower . j 1910.1 GO. paragraph (c) of this section. panel, with letter sizes and styles of a : \Cj No employee shall be assigned to (2j Personal monitoring--(i) Sam visibility at least equal to that specified tas.-:s requiring the use of resg-raiors if. ples shall be collected from within the in this subdivision. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 2C2---WEDNESDAY, -OCT3S; ,.*V .4 t# - - ASARCO ELP 0004274 RUl = 5 AND RSGULAno.NS tr;cr.i dotation paragraph, which indicates the em ___________________ 1" Sans Serif. Cotblc or ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (2) Employee notification. Any em Elock. Dust --------------- a,V Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. d Ercithins: Dust-- t/4" Gothic. V. car Aisifucd Protective Vi" Gothic. Eouipmen:. Do No: Recta in In Area <4" Gothic. CrJe-ss Yottr Work Re quires It. Breathitt? At'aestos Dust 14 point Go.ltic. C.tay Se Hazardous To Your Health. ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his-cost, medical examina Spacing between lines shall be at least tions relative to exposure to asbestos re equal to the height of the upper of any quired by this paragraph. ttvo lines. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall (2) Caution labels--Ci) Labeling. Cau provide or make available to each of his tion labels shall be affixed to all raw employees, within 30 calendar days fol materials. mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, lowing his first employment in an and other products containing asbestos occupation exposed to airborne con fibers, or to their containers, except that centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre no label is required where asbestos fibers hensive medical examination, which shall have been modified by a bonding agent, include, as a minimum, a chest roent- coating, binder, or other material so that .genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 during any reasonably foreseeable use, inches), a history to elicit symptom handling, storage, disposal, processing, or atology of respiratory disease, and transportation, no airborne concentra pulmonary function tests' to include tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced exposure limits prescribed in paragraph expiratory volume at 1 second (1'EVi.o). Co) of this section will be released. ' (3) Annual examinations. On or be (it) Label specifications. The caution fore January 31, 1973, and at least an labels required by subdivision (i) of this nually thereafter, every employer shall subparagraph shall be printed in letters' provide, or make available, comprehen of sufficient size and contrast as to be sive medical examinations to each of his readily vistble and legible. The label shall employees engaged in occupations ex state: Caution posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such, annual examination Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Cresting Dust shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom Breathing Asbestos Dust I.isy Cause Serious Bodily Earn atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include (h) Housekeeping--Cl) Cleaning. All forced vital capacity .(FVC) and forced external surfaces in any place of employ expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1.0). ment shall be maintained free of accu (4) Termination of employment. The mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their employer shall provide, or make avail dispersion, there would be an excessive able, within 30 calendar days before or concentration. after the termination of employment of (2) V.Tc.ste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing. consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations o: asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (o) of this section shall be collected and disposed o: in sealed impermeable bags, any employee engaged in' an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches). a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.,). or other closed, impermeable containers. (5) Recent examinations. No medical (i) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail examination is required of any em ployee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--(i) Mainte able upon request to the Assistant Secre nance. Employers of employees examined tary o: Labor for Occupational Safety pursuant to this paragraph shall cause ard Health, the Director of the National to be maintained complete and accurate Institute for Occupational Safety and records of all such medical examina Health, and to authorized representa tions. Records shall be retained by tives of either. employers for at least 20 years. (2) Employee access. Every employee (ii) Access. The contents of the rec *-d former employee shall have reason- ords of the medical examinations e access to any record required to be required by this paragraph shall be made mamtaiBsd'by subparagraph (1) of tills available, for inspection and copying. to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the i Director of NIOSE, to authorized physi- , cians and medical consultants of either r of them, and. upon the request of an em- -I ployee or former employee, to his physi- * cian. Any physician who conducts a ; medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer : of the examined employee all the infor- mation specifically required by this i paragraph, and any other medical in- ; formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. J 1910.94 Ventilation. (a) Abrasive blasting--(1) Defini tions applicable to this paragraph.--(i) Abrasive. A solid substance used in an abrasive blasting operation. (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A continuous flow air-line respirator con structed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect frim from rebounding abrasive. (iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose vari ous surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (iv) Blast cleaning room. A complete enclosure in which, blasting, operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the .... blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. . i (v) Blasting cabinet.. An enclosure a where the operator stands outside and j operates the blasting nozzle through an. i opening or openings in the enclosure. (vi) Clean air. Air of such purity th3t it will not cause harm or discomfort to an - individual if it is inhaled for extended ; periods of time. i (vii) Dust collector. A device or com- : bination of devices for separating dust ; from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. (viii) Exhaust ventilation system'. A system for removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more ; of the following elements,.(c) enclosure or hood, (b) duct work, (c)` dust collect ing equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack. (ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An air purifying respirator, commonly re ferred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dust or fume from the air passing through the device. (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in sizes capable of passing through the up per respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (xii) Abrasive btastir.g. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pres sure, or centrifugal force. (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blast ing. (i) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting FEDSXM. SiCijTSg, VOL ST, NO. 202--'WSDNHSOAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 ASARCO ELP 0004275 I I A.I.S.I. Tape sampler monitoring airborne lead near Blast Furnace No. 1. I Fugitive emissions in the area of Blast Furnace No.l. ASARCO ELP 0004276 I A.I.S.I. Tape sampler monitoring airborne lead near Blast Furnace No. 1. I Fugitive emissions in the area of Blast Furnace No.l. ASARCO ELP 0004276 I Uncontrolled emissions from slag tapping the zinc fuming furnace (picture reversed) Opening plugged tuyeres on Blast Furnace No. 1. ASARCO ELP 0004277 I Hooding for No. 3 Blast Furnace (foreground) controls metal fumes from slag and lead kettle. Movable hood controls fumes during1 matte tapping from copper reverb. ASARCO ELP 0004278