Document v61bG5R9GENGbqwOXxdVLp8Qq

les Here is the list 'PUJME No. 1 2 3 4 6 7 s 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 It. i: ]. I1' 2!' >: M 23 24 25 2t> 7` 2> K 3i. 51 52 TO MEMBERS s 1QOO or more Each $0-17 -23 35 38 (10 to 99 copies) 14, 30 and 32. CHICAGO 11. ILL 22000402 VOLUME 27 1953 TRANSACTIONS Current Safety Topics in the PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY as presented in sessions of the Pulp and Paper Section at the 41st National Safety Congress Forty Years Progress in Safety .. 4 What an Hourly Worker Expects of a Safety Program. 7 What a Foreman Expects of a Safety Program. 8 What a Superintendent Expects of a Safety Program. . 10 Sulphate Pulp Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) . . 14 Pulpwood Logging (Round Table Discussion) .......................... 16 Paper Converting Division (Round Table Discussion)....................24 Insulation Products (Round Table Discussion)................................ 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11 III. ivKiij. .. *1 Jt-f ' * *. jf i . . IS f If PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 000 If safety is to keep pace with today's rapidly advancing technology, we must continually have "new approaches." Each year, at the National Safety Congress, the ideas and experiences of many of the nation's top safety men are presented in the various sessions. Many of these ideas, devices and methods, first presented at a Congress session, later become generally accepted within their fields. In order to present this information conveniently and at small cost, the Congress Transactions are published in volumes, one for each Section or Division, along with a General Sessions and Detailed Index to all volumes. The 35 volumes of the 1953 Congress Trans actions are listed on the last page of this volume. Safety directors everywhere have found the Congress Transactions a useful aid in their accident prevention programs. In industry, for example, their judicious distribution to key personnel in management and supervision has proved to be of invaluable service. In preparing these Transactions, the proceedings of the Congress have been condensed and edited for reference purposes. Complete original manuscripts, with any charts or illustrations which were used, are available in National Safety Council files. Views expressed at the Congress or in this record are those of the Congress participants and are not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. THE PALP ARD PAPER SECTION This volume is a record of the sessions held at the 1953 National Safety Congress by the Pulp and Paper Section. The conduct of these Congress sessions each year is only one of the many coopera tive activities which the Pulp and Paper Section carries on in behalf of its members, and for the benefit of accident prevention work in the pulp and paper industry generally. The Section gives guidance in the preparation of a great variety of technical and educational material useful in the day-to-day safety programs of pulp and paper plants. The activities of the Section are under *the direction of its Executive Committee, the members of which are listed at the close of this volume. ' s: } 4 Pulp and Paper Industry Forty Years Progress in Safety By D. C. EVEREST Chairman of the Board, Marathon Corp., Rothschild, Wis. "Progress" is a word meaning different things to different people. It is an achieve ment that can be measured in various ways. In many fields of endeavor, progress is measured more often than not by increase: increase in efficiency, increase in capacity, increase in production. But in a field such as safety, where the goal is prevention, progress is more accurately. measured by decrease: decrease in waste, decrease in suf fering and untimely death, decrease in hardship and heartbreak. Significantly, such decreases as these contribute tremendously to those increases which spell progress in other fields. Any seasoned industrialist who has a modest degree of foresightedness will declare, from his own experience, that an effective safety program helps to increase efficiency and production. Last year, the National Safety Council estimated that organized accident prevention has been responsible for the saving of 500,000 lives since 1913, the year the Council was organized Five-hundred-thousand acci dental deaths prevented in forty years! This is the kind of decrease I'm talking about! Decrease that spells progress! This is an accomplishment that ranks with the discovery' of life-saving "wonder drugs" and surgical techniques. All of us are aware of medical science's contributions as well as spectacular progress in other fields; yet, how many of us are as fully aware, and appreciative, of the contributions made by the safety movement toward civili zation's advance ? Organized accident prevention has been a mutual effort and it must always be a mutual effort. Every one of us has a big -take in safety for the mere reason that uc arc human beings; because--to use a line from a piece I shall later quote more extensively--"We are involved in mankind." Like religion and the other more important things of life, accident prevention must stop at no class lines, no industry lines, no boundary lines of any kind. We are all involved, we must all put our shoulders to the wheel. The pulp and paper industry has alw; been one of the influential leaders in dustrial accident prevention. Represen tives of the industry' served as foundi fathers of the National Safety Coun back in 1912. I have re-read the speech I made at tl time and except for changes in the figu relating to accident frequency, severi benefits and other statistical information might well have used the same speech tod Basically, the need for work in safety a all that goes with it has not changed in i 38 years since this section was formed. Paper mills were also a prime mover getting statewide safety organizations und way'. For example, the first organized saf conference in the Wisconsin River Vail held at Wausau in 1927, listed a signifies number of paper industry personnel on program. .And through the years, the pa] industry has always been a mainspring organized safety movements in many stai Comparing the attendance of that first me ing referred to with the attendance tex is at least one way in which we might i a form of increase to measure saf progress! The paper industry was one of the p neers of safety engineering. Accident p vention was purely a spare-time proposit in the mills of earlier days, as it was all industry. But it didn't take long for n to see that the job of preventing accide was a-full-time one, demanding spe< skill. Paper mills were among the first realize that safety was a fundamental p of production, and that from the viewpc of both humanitarianism and sound b ness, it was an activity demanding full-ti attention. The same applies to first aid and ind trial nursing. Some of the earliest indust nurses were those who went to work in paper industry, and the crude first-aid t tions that they created were the forerun of our modern industrial first-aid-unit < the-job injuries and complaints are only phase of today's industrial nursing fu rk dustry has always ial leaders in intion. Representarved as founding Safety Council. xh I made at that tges in the figures equencv, severity, cal information, i same speech today ork in safety and not changed in the *1 was formed. a prime mover ir ganizations under>t organized safet> isin River Valley, listed a significant y personnel on its ie years, the paper 1 a mainspring in tts in many states of that first meet- attendance today h*eh we might use jieasure safety s one of the piong. Accident prere-time proposition lays, as it was in take long for men reventing accidents ^demanding special among the first to fundamental pan rom the viewpoint . and sound busiemanding full-time rst aid and indusi earliest industrial ent to work in the :rude first-aid stacrc the forerunner first-aid-unit Onlaints are only one rial nursing func Forty Years Progress in Safety 5 tions; their programs now spread their beneficial influence far beyond the mill gates, into workers' homes. Paper mills were far different forty years ago than they are today. And accident rec ords were far different then, too! Machinery was primitive and particularly vicious as far as workers were concerned. Guarding was at first unknown, and the earliest guards were often nothing more than crude rails; mere reminders of danger, rather than barriers to fence off hazards. A far cry from the carefully designed guards of today! Men often went barefooted in paper mills and other industries. Housekeeping was gen erally very bad, if existing at all. Morale was probably almost as liad, due to the hazardous and unsanitary surroundings Needless to say, accidents were far more common and severe in the old days. Com pare the paper industry's over-all accident frequency rate of 43.50 in 1923 with that of 10.06 in 1952. Accident prevention is by no means a simple task -in our country. It never wa and it never will be. There are an unusually large number and variety of hazards in volved in our various operations. It is no easy task to control hazards in logging operations or around machines that tarn out paper at speeds in excess of 1.000 feet per minute! We must be tireless and we must be constantly on our toes. The most direct way to trace safety progress, of course, is through the trend shown by the accident statistics. There are not many available records for the period of 30 to 40 years ago in the paper industry or in most industries. Safety was quite an informal affair then; for the most part, the records were carried around in the minds of those who were directly concerned with the treatment of injuries. Printed records of safety efforts in the paper industry began with the formation of the Pulp and Paper Section in 1915. By 1920, nineteen paper mills had taken the National Safety Council's cue, deciding that scientific methods, in safety as well as in other fields, depend upon accurate sta tistics. They began an exchange of their accident experience and, by 1924, sixty-two mills were filing reports with the Council statisticians. We have succeeded in pulling down our industrial accident frequency rate from 43.50 in 1923 to 10.06 in 1952. Our severity rate parallels this trend, descending from 2.73 in 1923 to .98 in 1952. Here is one very tangible evidence of progress . . . and of long, hard, methodical work! Keep in mind the fact that while this steady safety progress has been made, the industry has gone through tremendous growing pains, increasing sharply its plants, employees, capacity, speed of machinery, output per worker, and number and variety of hasards! The trend in insurance rates is another way in which we can glimpse progress. Improvement in an industry's accident ex perience will eventually reveal itself in a reduction of workmen's compensation in surance rates, as the rates are based upon a specific industry's accident experience within a given state. It was reported in a recent issue of the National Safety Coun cil's Pulp and Paper Section newsletter that the Quebec Pulp and Paper Association, in the nineteen years since it organized a safety program, has had its compensation rates reduced by an average of $4.79. The associ ation estimates that this is equivalent to a saving of almost 54-million dollars in com pensation insurance alone, in spite of the fact that individual allowances to employees increased by 50 per cent because of more generous compensation benefits in recent years. By showing you the trend in Wisconsin's insurance rates, I will undoubtedly be show ing you, too, what has been happening in just about every* state where the pulp and paper industry is prominent. In the classification for T>aper manufac turing, the workmen's compensation rate in Wisconsin was $2.61 in 1934, and went still higher to $2.72 in 1935. From there the trend has been downward and stands today at $1.34, a decrease of approximately 51 per cent. In the classification for paper goods manufacturing, the rate went from $1.25 in 1934 to $.72 in 1953, a decrease of nearly 43 per cent. For pulp manufacturing by use of chemi cal processes, the rate declined from $2.55 in 1934 to $1.34 in 1953, approximately a 48 per cent reduction. 6 Pulp and Paper Industry For pulp manufacturing through the groundwood process, the rate went from $4.13 in 1934 to $1.34 in 1953, a decrease of about 68 per cent By taking these four basic classifications of the industry, we find that in the last nineteen years the decrease in insurance rates has amounted to an average of ap proximately 52 per cent. In other words, thanks largely to their patient and consci entious efforts to prevent accidents, Wis consin's pulp and paper industry has done better than cut its workmen's compensation insurance rates in half. The story is no doubt as significant, or more so, in other paper industry states. Of course it is true that wages and overall payrolls have increased substan tially throughout the same period. At the same time, however, there has been a tre mendous increase in workmen's compensa tion benefits in Wisconsin and other states, through the same period. In these same years covered by the rates I have just cited, benefits have been increased 45 per cent in our state. Since the workmen's compen sation law was enacted in Wisconsin in 1911, benefits have been increased 171 per cent There dearly had to be tremendous im provement in accident prevention, within the pulp and paper industry', to bring about this steady decrease in insurance rates. Here again is very tangible evidence of safety progress! Individual safety records within the pulp and paper industry are growing more spec tacular, as years go by. Not too many years ago, "the safest paper mill in the world" was one which employed 600 and ran 150 days without a disabling injury. Today, consider the no-injury record in our indus try of the Dixie Cup Company, with 3,770,076 safe man-hours! Or consider the safest newsprint mill in North America, dted recently by the National Safety Coun cil--the Wayagamack Division of the Con solidated Paper Corporation, Limited, which ran up 3,900,000 man-hours without a single disabling injury! These are phenomenal records. They more accurately show what can be done, rather than what is generally l>eing done. But these records are as inspiring as they are unique. What used to be impossible in the old days is being done today. Forty years of steady progress in ot industry' is something to be proud of, bi it guarantees nothing for today, if ot efforts slacken. We must concentrate c today, and cautiously discount our fort progressive years of "yesterday." We mu: never lose sight of the fact that coasting o jtast performance is always a downhill coas Forty years of safety progress, in itsel means nothing as far as today is concemc< It doesn't lessen the mangling power < misused tools, the bone-snapping jolt of fall, the penetration of a machine's bite ini flesh and bone! No, we cannot forget that accident pri vention is like breathing, itself. Just becair we've been doing it all these years doesn mean that we've earned ourselves the rig! to quit! Safety education and superrisk are the necessary oxygen to our operation Cut off these efforts, even momentarily, ar our safety and production records wou soon become choked with many kinds < disaster! We are doing a pretty good job, b much remains to be done. The great m jority of management in our industry h long been safety-wise, I believe; but the are still some who need to be enlightene There are others who need to take mo rigorous steps than they have taken th far. Furthermore, although our pulp ai paper section has shown encouragir growth, there are many more compani within our industry that should be affiliati with the National Safety Council. It has been estimated that the products of the pulp and paper industry' will increa between 50 and 60 per cent within the ne decade, if we can judge by our past expei _eoce- This, it, both stimulating and a sobe ing prospect to contemplate. It is soberii in that many of the safety men in our i dustry are already overtaxed. Accident pr vention is a full-time job, and too many a still trying to handle it on a part-time bas We must see to it that our safety progTar expand simultaneously with our product! facilities in the years ahead! I would like to turn, in conclusion, some words written by an Englishman ov 300 years ago. While I have never se these words in connection with the saf< movement, it strikes me that there is better creed, no better statement of pri ciple and purpose, than these meaning! What an Hourly Worker Expects of a Safety Program 7 progress in our x proud of, but r J*4ay, if our 11----- i*ntrate on count our fom srday." We must : that coasting on a downhill coast rogress, in itselt. day is concerned igling power of apping jolt of a lachine's bite int< hat accident prcself. Just because ese years doesn't irselves the right and supervision to our operation' momentarily, and n records would i many kinds r: y good job, but . The great tnaour industry has relieve; but then :o be enlightened *d to take more have taken thus gh our pulp and \ncouraging Jre companies hould be affiliated Council. tat the production istry will increase it within the next ir our past experi.ting and a soberte. It is sobering y men in our inted. Accident preand too many are a part-time basic r safety program' th our production id! in conclusion, t< Englishman over have never seer, i with the safet> that there is no tatement of printhese meaningful lines, written by the British poet and min ister, John Donne. The thought behind this expression has haunted and inspired many people down through the years, including one of America's great writers, Ernest Hemingway. Therefore, I hope that their meaning will haunt you and that you will forever apply these noble thoughts to the tremendously important business of preserv ing human life and happiness and potenti ality. Here, then, is what John Donne, had iB car about the value of human personality, in one of his poetic sermons . . . "No man is an island, entire of itself; Every man is a piece of the Continent; a part of the main. If a dod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less. As well as if a promontory were. As well if a manor of thy friend's, or of thine own were. Any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind. And therefore, never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for thee . . If you remember nothing else, please re member the meaning of these words. Please remember when a logger, or a paper mill worker, or awy man, needlessly dies, be it in Oregon, Maine, or anywhere on this globe of ours, his death diminishes you and me, because we are "involved in mankind." And just as "No man is an island, entire of itself," so no single industrial organiza tion is an isolated island of self-benefit. Every paper mill, every factory, every In dividual enterprise is "a part of the main." So whatever you are doing to prevent acci dents is benefiting, not just yourself, not just your industry, not just your commu nity, it is benefiting Mankind. The men who have devoted their lives to accident prevention know full well "for whom the bell tolls," and their great and eternal objective is to silence its tragic knell, by stamping out needless suffering, and hardship, and death, in our society. What an Hourly Worker Expects of a Safety Program By ELMER COLLAR Hourly Worker, Eng. Dept., Neenah Mill, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis. As an hourly paid worker, I think I can rive many good reasons and ideas on what -m hourly paid worker expects of a safety program. I have worked for Kimberly-Clark tor better than twelve years and during that ume I have always taken a leading part in safety promotion. For the first seven years of employment I worked in a finishing department, and was safety chairman of the department. Later 1 l<ecame safety chairman for the Badger Globe division of Kimberly-Clark and was chosen to represent the hourly worker at the National Safety Congress that year. Upon being transferred to the engineering depart ment at Lakeview mill, the employees again elected me as the chairman. After taking a leading part in safety for these many years, 1 feel that I really can say what an hourly paid worker expects of safety promotion and safety ideas. Let's start out first of ail by saying we have just hired a new man. We take this man through the plant and show him the dif ferent operations and the way our older employees work. The first impression should be a good one, so let's make the safety impression lhe best \ve "possibly "can. After the employee works for awhile it is time to talk over the safety program with him, get his ideas and, if he is the kind that has some good suggestions and ideas, give the fellow a chance sometime to play a lead ing part It's always good to let a working man get up at a safety meeting and talk to the group. I am sure that there are a num ber of fellows that will do this if they are given the opportunity. For the hourly paid worker to talk once in a while, gives his fellow workers a better understanding that safety promotion must come from the hourly paid group more so than from supervision. 1 l f I. ft - * 8 Pulp and Paper Industry The point to remember is not to let super vision do all the talking and promoting; work together as a unit and you will have a good sound safety program. Safety equipment such as hard hats, goggles, safety slices shields, etc., must be worn when and where needed. 1 think that nearly every employee will realize that he must wear safety equipment when needed, but do not try to force it down his throat with a "must." Explaining why and when he needs to wear them and letting him have a say in the wearing of the equipment, al ways creates a better feeling. 1 know from past experience, that you are going to run into some fellow, once in awhile, who is the "balky" type. He won't wear this or that, Itecause it bothers him, or, he might just be plain stubborn. Here again through a group that works together you will get him straightened out. At the place where I work, we have up-todate safety equipment and the fellows do a good job of wearing it at all times. We have a very nice first aid room and the workers expect good first aid and get it. Any sort of an injury is reported to the nurse and the fellows respond very well and we have \cn little trouble. We have contests and encourage group meetings, but again I say don't over-do be cause a record played too often is bound n wear out and so it goes with safety. Gc ideas from the group and make changes it the program or contests or whatever yoi may be doing. This will stir up more interes and enthusiasm and again your goal < working safe will be reached. The worker expects supervision to b honest and sincere about safety. Too man times a lot of promises and false settlement lead to the downfall of a good safety pro gram. The foreman and higher supervisor must be fair and I am sure that the worke will cooperate. The question might arise as to what to d about a worker who doesn't obey the safet rules and will not do anything about it. Th only thing to do in this case is to get rt nf him, simply because he is a hazard to th group, and might also go so far as to rui the aim of all the fellows he works wit! This may lie a case where management an hourly paid workers will have to sit dow and confer to see what must be done. We must work together on this very in jiortant subject of our life, safety. In ordc for us to have a good sate place to wor we must all pitch in together and by s doing we will find that our work and a the things we do throughout the day will t a greater success. What a Foreman Expects of a Safety Program By EARL D. HARGIS Pulp Mill Tour Foreman, International Paper Co., Bastrop, La. I was a country boy who knew enough to stay out of reach of a mule's hind legs, but that pretty nearly was the extent of my safety consciousness in 1923 when 1 went io work in the pulp and paper industry with the Bastrop Pulp and Paper Com pany, one of the pioneer paper mills in the South and now acquired by the International Paper Company. After a time, safety started to make its way. At first, it was slow and progress was made in faltering steps. Later, however, the safety program really began to gain mo mentum. A full time safety director was placed in charge of safety, and the safety program with which I am acquainted came into existence. After a short period aches and pains, it finally got rolling. For men and men alike became interested. Th began to realize what safety really meat Not only to the men individually, but the group as a whole and to productic A better relationship and understanding b tween supervisors and men developed fre safety talks about what could and shot be done in the department, for the welfa and safety of the employees. We also realized that top managemt was vitally interested in safety and c manded of the foremen not only product! and quality, but production and quality w safety. The foreman now knows that ften is bound tn rith safety. Cic. changes in i--ynatever you up more intereM i vour goal of .-d.' pervisinn to Ik.fety. Too many false settlement' good safety progher supervisor' that the worker as to what to do t obey the safet? ng about it. The ise is to get rid s a hazard to the *> far as to ruin he works with management and tave to sit down st be done, on this very irr.safety. In order ie place to work ether and by so ur work and al'. it the day will be )' *rogram i. La. short period of got rolling. Fore* interested. They ety really meant jividually, but to sd to production understanding ben developed from could and should , for the welfare tes. top management safety and dejt only production i and quality with ft knows that he li'hat a Foreman Expect< of a Safety Program 9 is not only responsible for good production, but for a good safety record, good house keeping, and all of the many different mat ters he must watch over to maintain a well run department. However, he expects, after being told that safety is equal to produc tion and quality, to have the complete back ing of top management in carrying out the safety program. A foreman can not carry out a singlehanded safety program. He can instill in his men the necessity of safe thinking, and train and teach them the methods of safe performance of their duties, but that is not all there is to a safety program. We be lieve that many people fail to realize what the word program really means. To many people, it only means, when used in safety work, a certain number of meetings, display of posters, stunts, and other activities to stimulate interest in safety; but it also means planning alt work in the department with safety in mind. Today, the foreman takes pride in his department and desires to continually im prove its safety record. In carrying this out. he expects assbtance and cooperation not only from the safety department but from other departments, supervision and top man agement, as well. He knows that he is responsible for the production within his department, but if either the inlet or outlet or materials fails, his production stops. Thus, he must depend on other departments for assistance in main taining full production within his own de partment. If the equipment breaks down, aid from other departments is also neces sary. And so it is with safety. If outside assbtance and cooperation is not given, the safety program collapses. A safety program is not departmental, but plant-wide. What a foreman expects of the safety program can follow the same lines as followed in production. If in any part of his department, an unsafe condition ex ists which he himself can not correct, he will report it to the proper departments and will expect the same service that he would receive if the problem were directly con nected with production. But there have been times when foremen have reported an unsafe condition and re quested that it be corrected, but have waited and waited before the situation was cor rected. When this happens, the safety pro gram receives a very bad set-back. Safety men can realize what position a foreman finds himself in, if he has talked and talked safety to his men and then when an unsafe condition has been reported to him, nothing is done to correct it. Sooner or later, all safety talks fall on deaf ears. All posters, safety articles in plant papers, safety meetings and other stunts connected with safety become mere empty gestures. I know of a case where a step on a stair way had been broken and was a very dan gerous hazard for a long time. It had been reported time and time again. One day a very good operator took a fall on this broken step. He suffered a fractured hip and it was months before he was able to return to work, and he was never the same again. Some* said he should have looked where he stepped. They were wrong. Thejr merely alibied for their failure to do the repair work when requested. Yes, the steps were fixed--after the fall. Is thb the kind of cooperation a foreman should expect from a plant safety program? Not only when it comes to repairs do we expect cooperation and assistance. The same holds true when changes in equipment and machinery are made in our departments. Sometimes we know about the changes be ing made, but when the safety factor is involved, most of us are never consulted. I have known of installations being made, which undoubtedly looked fine on the draw ing board, but when installed they were found in an inaccessible location, creating a hazard for the operator, or they had been made in poorly lighted places. These things always handicap a safety program. A fore man expects from the engineering depart ment the same service that he expects from other departments when it comes to safety. I have talked a great deal about the co operation a foreman expects from others in the plant-wide safety program. I have not mentioned the safety director. Of him we expect everything we expect of everyone else, and then soqje. I have heard the state ment that the foreman is the key man in a safety program. This may be so, but who is the key? I would say the safety director, engineer, or supervisor--whatever his title may be. A foreman does not expect the safety di rector to run the safety end in his depart- 10 Pulp and Paper Industry ment, but he does expect from him all the advice, information, facts and figures per taining to safety. He expects from the safety director in formation regarding all new developments in safety protective devices and how to eliminate unsafe practices. He expects, on many occasions, for the safety director to act as a liaison man be tween him and other departments and some times to top management. He wants him to hold informal meetings with him and his men to stimulate interest in safety. He also depends on the safety department for help in providing the necessary push to put over new ideas. The foreman wants to be sure that the safety department advises him of all unsafe practices and conditions in his department which might arise from the installation of new equipment or changes in working con ditions, or any other unsafe conditions which he might have overlooked. When a safety inspection or a personal injury investigation is made in his depart ment, he wants to be a part of it and to be advised what recommendations have been made. The foreman does not expect the safety director to fight his battles for him, but he does expect his help and support. He ex pects from him the same cooperation he expects from a technician or engineer, a problem in safety confronts him wh beyond his knowledge or experience. He wants to know what other d ments in the mill are doing in safet what departments like his in other are doing. In short, he wants to be well informed. The foreman wants to know, when employee comes to his department, tl is physically fit to do the work to he will be assigned; that he has thoroughly and effectively instructed 1 employment office on company polic garding safety, first aid treatments hazards on the job. A foreman can expect many thing: safety program, but in this, as in other things, he can not expect any out of the safety program than wl puts into it I .can assure you that if every fo can get what he expects out of a program or safety procedure, which same cooperation, assistance and h< receives in connection with productio quality, then he will gladly do hi; in order to see a happy, cooperativt cient, and accident free department, nc his own, but all through the plant If this can be achieved, the forem; have a shop or plant to which safet can point with pride and say, "My pla an outstanding record in safety." What a Superintendent Expects of a Safety Progi ~ By DONALD O. COLLINS Asst Supt, No. 1 Paper Mill, The Mead Corp., Chillicothe, Ohio The superintendent along with other members of the management team, has a definite moral responsibility for the safety of the men working under his supervision. His is the responsibility of reducing to a minimum, if not entirely, the mill accidents which are the cause of so much human suffering, to more people than just the injured person. In addition to the responsibility for em ployee safety, the superintendent is also charged with getting out maximum produc tion of high quality products at a mi: cost, utilizing both manpower anc chinery to the best advantage. The 1 man hours through accidents increas erating costs. Then, too, as a result cidents, there are the losses due to crease in production, the cost of t substitutes, and other factors which s to overall production costs. .Any program or plan which will costs and encourage better and moi cient production is certainly one whh ian or engineer, when its him which is cpenence, what other depart doing in safety and : his in other mills he wants to be kept to know, when a new > department, that he the work to which that he has been ,-ely instructed by the company policy re aid treatments, and ect many things of * in this, as in mam not expect any more )gram than what he tat if every foreman ects out of a safets jeedure, which is the istance and help tie with production and gladly do his pan ppy, cooperative, effi department, not onh ;h the plant vrd, the foreman can Which safety men nu say, "My plant ha>. in safety." fety Program >the, Ohio roducts at a minimum manpower and maIvantage. The loss of eddents increases opoo, as a result of ac- losses due to a dethe cost of training factors which all add costs. an which will reduce better and more effirtainly one which will What a Superintendent Expects of a Safety Program 11 U- welcomed and adopted by the superin tendent. He expects the safety program to .ircomplish this. When I say safety pro gram, 1 don't mean the safety department, r the safety director or safety supervisor. I mean the whole, overall safety program. From the foregoing remarks you might lie led to assume that the superintendent expects a great deal from the safety pro gram and he does. First of all, we should consider the im(urtance of having a well rounded and sound -afety program, instituted, supported, and Mistained by top management. This should l>e a program of well defined purpose, with sufficient responsibility and authority dele gated to the safety director for the purpose of seeing that its objectives are furthered to the fullest possible extent. It should be a program that approaches each problem in a positive way. Having attained this type of overall pro gram, it is reasonable to assume that it will lie possible to get the cooperation of all members of the organization for carrying nut successfully the program's objectives. The superintendent expects quite a lot of help from various people and departments. Me needs this help if he is to do the kind nf job he wants to do, and is expected to do. Some of the many wavs in which the program can help hint do a better job, not irom just the safety standpoint alone, but from a production standpoint as well, arc 1 Encourage use of better placement pro cedures. 2 Help to develop better methods for train ing employees. .5. Provide proper supervisory training to enable them to do a better and more thorough job of training employees. A. Encourage the use of job analysis or job breakdown. Establish and maintain a program of good mill housekeeping. 6. Encourage employee suggestions. 7. Publicize good safety records of indi viduals and departments at least as much as lost time accidents. 8. Maintain, analyze, and make recommen dations concerning major and minor in jury reports to prevent recurrence of injuries. First is encouraging the use of better placement procedures to insure getting as nearly as possible the right person on the job for which he is best fitted. This re quires a great amount of skill and knowl edge on the part of the employment manager or the interviewer. He must determine the basic abilities and aptitudes of the |K>tential employee, as well as his personality traits and attitudes before trying to make a de cision as to where the person may be. used to the best advantage. It is important that a proper decision be made at this point. The new employee starting on his first job with the organization is anxious to make good. Sometimes the new man. in a desire to prove that he can do the job satisfac torily, tries to do more than he is capable of doing which frequently results in an injury or illness. The safety program could help to develop lietter methods for training employees. The new employee coming on the job and the older employees advancing to unfamiliar jobs require sufficient training to acquaint them with good safety methods as well as efficient production methods. Good safety methods and good production methods go hand in hand. The job of training or teaching should naturally be the responsibility of the de partmental foreman. To him goes the op portunity of leading his crews to production and safety records. However, he would ap preciate any additional help which might be available through the safety program in aid ing him to set up better training methods. The safety program could help to pro vide proper supervisory training to enable him to do a better and more thorough job of training employees. A great deal has already^beeu done in this field, but there is still much to be done in developing a com prehensive and acceptable training program which can be incorporated into the dailyproduction schedule of the line foreman. A program of this type is needed in all in dustries where expansion in the last few years has been very rapid .with the conse quent influx of many new employees and the advancement of older employees to higher skilled jobs. The safety program could encourage the plant-wide use of job analysis or job break down. By properly breaking the job down to its basic and essential steps, then listing 12 Pulp and Paper Industry the steps in proper sequence, both the em ployee and the supervisor have a clear un derstanding as to what is to be done and how it is to be done. When the job is clearly understood by both the foreman and the worker, they are then able to go ahead, each with the assurance gained by a mutual understanding as to what is required to get the job done safely and efficiently. The need lor the understanding gained by job breakdown c>r analysis generally shows up in the accident investigation. From two injuries which occurred in our ma chine room the past year. \oti may draw your own conclusions. A third hand on a paper machine which we will call machine A had been an em ployee for seven years, five months, and on his regular third-hand, job for two and a half years. I>ue to the illness of a machine tender on machine R, the backtender was moved up to machine tender and the third hand on machine A was transferred to backtender on machine B The backtending job was not new to him since he had previous experience on his regular machine which is right hand operation. However, machine B to which he was transferred is left hand operation. According to the accident re port, the employee was washing the felt on the first press. When pulling the felt back out after having roped it up, his left arm was pulled between the felt and the felt roll. Results--injured arm and shoulder-- has lost several months work and is still losing time. Another emplovee at the time of his in jury had been with the company six years, ten months, and on his regular third-hand job for one year and ten months. Due to the vacation schedule he was-moved-up to hack-tender. The accident happened as fol lows: The front (or north) reel had been filled and the backtender had just turned the paper over on the new (south) reel. (This changing up of reels is done with an air hose.) He still had the air hose in his right hand and when he turned from south to north, the tip of the air hose w-as caught lietween the full reel and the reel drum. (The full reel had been raised just enough to take the weight off ihe drum.) The in jured man's hand was pulled in between the reel and the drum. Result--severe injuries to right hand and forearm. You will notice in each of these cases that the injured men had one thi; common. Each at the time of his acc was working on a job other than his lar job. We might upon closer investig discover that they had other things in mon, such as: both men had some pre experience on the higher skilled job; were considered safe workers at all ti and handled their jobs capably and cientiy. They were the kind of men r sary to make up a good machine crew However, these are just two of se Mmilar accidents experienced in our in the last year, most of them invc people who were transferred or pror to higher skilled jobs. Where are we ing these people? How can we help and ourselves? Possibly through the u job analysis or job breakdown. The safety program could help to e hsh and maintain a program of good housekeeping. This can provide many fits both to management and employe plant or department that is clean and organized tends to make the employee j of his work place and his department, just a little encouragement, he will t keep it in first-class condition. As eve knows, a clean department is nearly a! a safe department due to the fact t! i- free from the dirt, grime, unused e ment, and accumulated trash which common accident hazards. A good program of cleaning up and | ing is a tremendous morale booster fo employee because he feels that manage i interested in his welfare. In our mill we have a complete inspection once each week. The insp< committee is composed of mill mar safety superintendent, and two opei supervisors. Two new operations s visors are put on the committee each replacing the ones who served the pi ing week, so that eventually every s visor in the mill will have had a chan tour the whole plant. The purpose of this committee is to s out and report back to each depar head all of the safety hazards and housekeeping practices observed durin. inspection. It's really surprising what < one outside of your own department find wrong with your department daily, conditions that you should have each of these tw i^nhad one thing in f j of his accident than his regui closer investigation other things in comn had some previous er skilled job; the;, orkers at all time'. s capably and efiikind of men neced machine crew. just two of several ienced in our plant of them involving iferred or promote: Where are we fail v can we help then through the u<e nt akdown. could help to estabogram of good mill provide many bene at and employee. \ at is clean and well : the employee proti-1 ns department. Wit: nent, he will try t edition. As everyone tent is nearly always to the fact that it gptne, unused equip- \h which make dS: ' leaning up and paintjrale booster for the els that management fare. ve a complete mill eek. The inspection 1 of mill manager, and two operating v operations super ommittee each week. ) served the precedntually every' superave had a chance t ommittee is to search, to each department f hazards and poor observed during the jrprising what someDwn department can department Espeou should have been What a Superintendent Expects of a Safety Program 13 aware of long before the committee ar rived. However, it is a wonderful program and has been particularly successful in our mill due to the keen interest and helpful ness of our mill manager. Since this program has been in effect in our mill, our foreman and employees have taken a much greater interest in good house keeping practices than ever before, and the results are extremely gratifying. It shows that the man on the job can and will take an interest, if the boss is interested. In connection with this weekly mill inspection, our departmental supervisors are having an opportunity to see the whole mill and are gaining an appreciation of some of the problems existing in departments other than their own. A safety program could encourage em ployee suggestions. One good source of ob taining safety suggestions as well as sug gestions for more efficient production meth ods, is from the workman himself. He is the tnan who, if properly encouraged, can be of the most help in pointing the way to easier methods, more profitable methods, and safer methods. His suggestion occasionally may need some study and ad ditional dressing up to make it workable. That, however, is a challenge to super vision. It i' also a responsibility of super vision. Too often the employees' suggestions are bottled up, forgotten, or ignored, or, worse -till, appropriated by someone else: some times, by the very one to whom the sug gestions are made. This is one of the greatest detriments to a good safety program because it discour ages good suggestions and has a tendency to make the man on the job indifferent and sometimes antagonistic toward the -whole *afetv program. To encourage employees to turn in sug gestions, it would seem advisable to set up some system whereby their suggestions could l>e recognized. This could be done by pub licly acknowledging all good suggestions. In addition to this, a letter of commendation could be sent to the employee's home. In cases where a suggestion was not considered to be of sufficient merit to be accepted, the employee should be contacted personally by the safety supervisor and it could be tactfully explained why his sug gestion could not be used. Whenever a man makes a suggestion, he considers it to be good regardless of whether it is or not. If the person who receives the suggestion thinks it is no good, or doesn't take the time to evaluate it, and allows the suggestion to die on the vine, we not only lose the suggestion but we lose, possibly forever, any interest that could be had from the employee, if only his sugges tion had been acknowledged. On the other hand it is really surprising how many good suggestions will be turned in when the fact becomes known that some thing is going to be done about them. A safety program could publicize good safety records of individuals and depart ments at least as much as the lost-time accidents and poor department records. All of us here realize that nobody likes to be on a" losing team. More and better use of the positive approach to accident prevention should result in improved em ployee morale and create a greater desire on the part of the employee for some of the so-called "hazardous" jobs. Proper publicity through plant magazines and local newspapers, as well as depart mental bulletin boards, could do much to offset the bad publicity caused by lost-time accidents When I was young, I thought that one of the worst possible places in which a fel low could work would be in a paper mill. Why? Because the only news items con cerning our local mills were always some thing like these: "Local mill employee suf fers loss of right eye"; "Paper mill worker loses right arm in accident on winder"; "Cutter operator loses hand"; "Machine room employee killed.'' A little good publicity concerning safe practices and good safety records would have given me a little better opinion of work in a paper mill. A safety program could maintain, anal>ze, and make recommendations concerning major and minor injury reports to prevent recurrence of injuries. Here is a fertile ^ield in which we can all work. It is very often possible, through the proper interpretation of injury patterns, to determine it an unsafe condition exists on a specific job. This study may also indicate that unsafe practices are being en gaged in. 14 Pulp and Paper Industry Situations can only be analyzed properly if accurate and up-to-date records are main tained. It is in this held that the safety supervisor, the plant physician and nurse and the personnel department can be of great help. The accurate and prompt re laying of information of this type will go a long way in helping supervision in the operating departments to set up a good ac cident prevention program for each de partment. We could go on listing the people upon whom we depend in helping to make a good safety program; and the kind superintendent expects and needs to him do his job properly. The eight points we have considerec just a few of the things which a sup tendent expects of a safety program. S; and production go hand in hand, and thing which improves safety is bound i reflected in lower production costs. Practically all of the points covered with some form of instruction or educ What better method of accident preve can there be, than education? Sulphate Pulp Manufacturing (A Round Table Discussion) Presiding: F. O. Soughton, Services and Safety Supvr., Longlac Pulp and Paper Co., Terrace Bay, Ont, Canada Conference Recorder: Marion L. Hodges. Safety Dir., West Virginia Pulp and Papei North Charleston, S. C. C. C. McPike, Sl Regis Paper Company, raised the problem of eye injuries in lime kiln areas. He asked if the problem was due to faulty installation, pointing out that their installation had no walled areas. Thus, breezes stirred up lime dust Otto Wager, Champion Paper Company, stated that his company unloaded lime prod ucts with air conveyors eliminating hand handling. Carl Bellamy, Champion Paper Company, said that they had had the same eye problem but had alleviated it by installing eye wash fountains and kits for washing out eyes. Harold Anderson, St. Regis Paper Com pany, pointed out -that -his plant used eye wash fountains. Mr. McPike asked if others had enclosed conveyors at the discharge end of the kiln. Also, if the operators objected to enclosed conveyors. Mr. Bellamy answered that his plant did not have totally enclosed conveyors. Hugh Summer, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, asked if any safety precau tions had been compiled for chlorine dioxide installations. None present had such an installation. /'red Sough ton, Chairman, suggested that a committee of the National Safety Cc could undertake the study of such an i: lation as a project. It was suggested that Regal Carolina poration at Canton, North Carolina, is such a set up. ~ Mr. Bellamy asked if any of the represented were burning sulfur. . Ross Welch asked if anyone is benzenol peroxide. He stated that a j the chemical had exploded in one o employee's hands. John Lang, West Virginia Pulp and 1 Company, told that the National 5 Council chemical division had undert% study of this. Mr. Bellamy alluded to steam blow on pulped and screw conveyors in the chemical process. He said that he had of a guillotine valve to prevent these backs. He requested information or type of valve. Mr. Summer explained that probler been eliminated at his mill by a three valve controlled by the operator. Al Sunberg, Canada Paper Con stated that his mill had had a safety lem from wood hooks used in their ' yard. A new blunt end wood hoo! greatly eliminated the problem. He o Sulphate Pulp Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) 15 and the kind ti.i and needs to lu!) ~---i considered arc gs which a superin ety program. Safer, i in hand, and an\afety is bound to fr iction costs, points covered deaf ruction or education accident prevention ation ? r and Paper Co., Lni. Pulp and Paper C> , .iortal Safety Council dy of such an instal Regal Carolina Cor rth Carolina, is usinc if -'iy of the milt ; /)lfur. if anyone is using stated that a jar oi ioded in one of hi' ginia Pulp and Paper lie National Safety on had undertaken a to steam blow back' mveyors in the semiaid that he had heap) a prevent these blow information on thi' ted that problem had mill by a three way operator. la Paper Company, d had a safety probused in their woodend wood hook has problem. He offered j to get information on the hook should anyI one call on him for it I H. Anderson, St Regis Paper Company, I said that they had had the same problem and I had changed from the sharp point Mr. Wager asked what could be done about back injuries in the paper industry'. Pete Grogan, Kimberly Clark Company, agreed that something had to be done. He said that the industry should not be penalized for back injuries not connected with an actual accident Orbbie Weber, St Regis Paper Company, reviewed a back injury case at his plant in which the employee's back was weak from natural causes and continuous work had resulted in straining the back muscles. Mr. Grogan stated that a simular case had ccurred at his plant. Mr. Bellamy suggested that in pre-em ployment physicals you cannot see these congenital conditions. His idea was to set up new standards on this type of injury. Mr. Soughton pointed out that the net result would be the same whether this type oi injury was reported or not Mr. Wager stated that the trouble was that companies were not consistent in count ing them. Mr. Welch said that it was a moral obli gation to report accidents correctly. Mr. Grogan observed that quite often the "riginal back injury occurred off the job. Mr. Weber asked how many bag manu: facturers were represented in the group. Five representatives held up their hands. He I asked if the bag manufacturers could set up j their own session next year. Mr. McPike pointed out that a correcting I action was already, in existence. This sec tion had been started by bag manufacturers. Mr. Anderson suggested that some system be adopted whereby information on new ideas be distributed among members of the Pulp and Paper Section. Dallas Henry said that last year while he was editor of the Pulp and Paper News Letter, he had not received one bit of news on a new idea. Mr. Bellamy asked, if line drawings can be reproduced in the Letter, with the present method of printing. Mr. Henry said that most types of sketches or drawings could be reproduced in it. Glen Waters, St Regis Paper Company, asked if other companies allow an injured employee to return to a job other than on one on which he was injured. The answer is to be found in the American Standards Association and the National Safety Council standards. An injured em ployee can return to any established job. Mr. Waters did not agree with the ruling. He said that it looked as if the companies were "kidding" themselves by using this ruling. Mr. McPike stated that he was in sym pathy with Mr. Waters but their company had its own policy relevant to this ruling and that the personnel of his company had to work out a policy or change of policy among themselves. Otto Sherman. Gaylord Container Corpo ration, requested information on safety meth ods oi handling chlorine. The suggestion was made that the West Mrginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone. Pennsylvania, be contacted, as the safety department there had made a thorough study of the problem. Mr. Welch said that at his plant the inside chlorine pipe lines were replaced every year. Mr. Bellamy said the Mine Safety Appli ance Company publishes a safety procedure tor chlorine handling. James Griffin, Regal Paper Company, asked how many companies represented had repair kits for the dome of tank cars. Three representatives held up their hands. Mr. Waters said that he would like to make a survey of those present to find out how they' reported accidents. Mr. Bellamy said that St Regis evidentlyhad a company problem in accident reporting, thus they should solve it among themselves. The Chairman polled the group to see if any had a problem in reporting accidents. When none answered, the discussion was tabled. Mr. Grogan brought up the problem of unloading sulfur from box cars. Mr. Wager said that in damp climate there is no problem. Ralph Meyers, Mead Corporation, asked what is done about injuries when disability develops several months later. Some com- 16 Pulp and PaPer Industry panies count the accident on the day it hap pened and some counted it on the day the disability began. It was suggested that dis ability' be evaluated completely on medical opinion. Mr. Baker, Western Electric Company, asked how lap pulp was handled. Mr. Bellamy said that his company handled it with pallets by lift truck. About 28(X pounds to the pallet Mr. Sunberg asked how weights of lap. were determined. Mr. Welch, Giadfeller Company, said tha his company had an automatic system o determining the thickness of the lap whicl was from 20 to 80 pounds each. Pulpwood Logging Protective Equipment for the Woods Worker (Panel Discussion) Presiding: H. H. Jefferson, Safety and Training Officer, American Pulpwood Assn New York City Conference Recorder: R. C. Hammond, Safety Eng., Employers Mutual Insurance Co Ironwood, Mich. Participants: T. S. Jones, Mgr., Thunder Bay Timber Operators Assn., Port Arthur, Ontario, Can ada David W. Sowers, Jr., Research Forester, Wood Dept., West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co., Hancock, Md. Thomas Thompson, Logging Foreman, Tomahawk Timber Co., Ely, Minn. Byron M. Oyster, Safety Eng., Weyer haeuser Timber Co., Tacoma, Wash. What we are about to discuss is protective equipment for the woods worker. There is a line of resistance which must be overcome by .supervisors. in, the field. Many times the top management, company forester or woods supervisor fail to use the equipment pro vided. That is where the use of this equip ment must start If these men do not use the equipment, then certainly they are to blame for poor acceptance by the employee. 1 would like to toss out this question first, as an aid in getting the discussion started. Question--What are the problems associ ated with the use of protective equipment and its acceptance by the industry? For example, hard hats. Fred Morrish--Lack of knowledge by the manufacturer is partly to blame. They don't know exactly what we want. C. B. Chant--Our approach should 1 different We should make up our ow minds what we wish to do; then contact tl manufacturers. We are working on a nylc boot (it is now being.tested) similar to tl bullet proof vest being used by the army : Korea. On the subject of hard hats, the; are winter liners which can be worn witho discomfort. In Quebec, many of our m< wear the woolen toque and just put tl hard hat over the top. We should probabl though, contact the manufacturers and t< them exactly what we want John Schueler-- All lumberjacks a mimics. If you can get the "big push" wear a hard hat, the men will follow t example. The color of the hat, I believe, important in observing or locating an ope ator. Question--Tom Thompson--Have any i cidents been caused because chin straps ribl>ons were left untied? H. H. Jefferson--Not to my knowledi I'-ually they are cut off anyway. Byron Oyster--Much depends on the ty >.f hard hat The west coast has varyi degrees of weather. Some employees < out the crown of. an old felt hat Probal 99 per cent of the men are wearing i McDonald hat. They don't worry too mi about looks. You may have to change t liner, though, to suit the weather. PulpiL'Ood Logging (Round Table Piscussion) 17 ck. About 2800 f Hits of laps impany, said that xiatic system of if the lap which each. ker Pulpwood Assn., il Insurance Co.. >roach should be ke up our own ; then contact the irking on a nylon d) similar to the d by the army in hard hats, there iKwora without 1 ) of out men litiu just put the : should probably. Facturers and tell t lumberjacks are he "big push" tf a will follow the : hat, I believe, is locating an oper- ON--Have any ac se chin straps or to my knowledge inyway. epends on the type coast has varying ne employees cut felt hat Probably are wearing the 't worry too much ave to change the weather. Fred Morrish--In my area we have a large percentage of employees of Finnish extraction. Many of them have their wives make a knitted band that fits around the forehead. H. H. Jefferson--We have tried toques.* 1 predict though, that when hard hats are tullv adopted and used, a suitable liner will be available. The men will adapt their own, it necessary'- It may be the top off of a sock. Question--Byron Oyster--Has anything beai said or done about the size of crews? Dave Sauers--I have heard that some operators won't allow their men to work alone. Some crews are two to five in num ber. Byron Oyster--I think this is a problem which will come up. Many contractors will, in the future, be working alone.- Should we take -steps to prohibit a man working by himself in the woods? Dave Sauer--I don't think we could in any way prohibit it We may be able to encourage a contractor to use at least two men. I know a few operators who have stipulated this. It should be encouraged. H. H. Jefferson--This is definitely a problem and has existed for a long time. We know there is a difference in earning power when we add more men to a crew. There is a serious problem though now, with power saws. Many will try' to hang on to and protect their saw. We should give some thought to this problem. Question--Valley Lockhart--What has been the cause of most power saw injuries? H. H. Jefferson--They are varied. There are no good statistics. Insecure footing causes some. 1 have watched many power saw operators, holding the. saw across the thigh to start it. It is a violation of good safety procedure, but done all over the coun try. I would like to emphasize that the sawshould be set down, held securely and then pull the starter rope. I have also asked the help of pow'er saw companies in this respect, asking them to instruct their demonstrators to always follow this safe procedure. Some other power saw injuries have been just plain carelessness; for example, bucking more than one log at a time; failure to get feet from under the log. Valley Lockhart--Most of the accidents in our company have been due to power sawnoise. H. H. JeffersoNt--Let me say again that safety is the sum of job planning and job layout. Calling timber is very important. Would it be possible to let the men know before hand that someone was coming out and would be in the felling area? A peanut whistle worn around the neck has proven helpful. Byron Oyster--We require men to give a warning before they start felling. In large trees, they shut off the saw and then give a warning call. H. H, Jefferson--Why shut off the saw? Byron Oyster--We shut off the saw to listen for a reply, if there is a man in the danger zone. H. H. Jefferson--That is the point I wanted to bring out. Tom Thompson--I would like to say a word about power saw accidents. I have an eye injury due to power saws at our operation. One man was sawing logs at the landing; another was skidding logs to the landing with a horse. The log being skidded caught the end of the log being cut and pinched the saw. throwing the operator over the top where he injured his eye On the subject of size of crews, we have some operators working alone. We keep them close enough together to shout from one to the other. I have found, though, that five days is about as long as two men can work together without some friction. Dave Sauer--We rotate our crews quite often. We have many French, Swedish, and Finnish employees and feel that they enjoy a change of partner periodically. We also keep the men close enough together to know what they are doing. T. S. Jones--I would like to emphasize the training portion of safety. We are getting only the American picture here. One of the things we have done is to take colored sound motion pictures. Each cost us about $800. We also sold 26 prints of one film. Doug Chant is doing the same thing along general safety lines. He is the chair man of a visual aids committee for our organization. What I woul^ like to bring out is that we are producing both moving pictures in ottr own back yard and doing it cheaply. H. H. Jefferson--The American Pulpwood Association will be making a movie on chain saws and will have facilities for sound tracking. On the problem of woods .. \w' 51 ' f. 4.I{.. .. ' i" it- 18 Puland Paper Industry safety in general, what we need first is training; whether it be training someone else or ourselves to do the job. Attitude is our biggest problem in getting the accept ance of hard hats and safety shoes. I would like to emphasize that attitude gets its roots from top management If top management is complacent about safety, it carries right on down the line to the employees. Valley Lockhart--Is there anything wrong with pulp jacks working alone? We have some jacks who work alone, and it would be a problem to change over and get them to work in a group. Quebec has been strong for job training. Couldn't we attack this problem through job training? Dave Saueh--Yes, job training is part of the answer. Earlier this afternoon, I men tioned that men should be well trained for woods work. I would say, too, that more and better supervision and training is needed. H. H. Jefferson--Something must be done to insure a greater degree of safety in woods operations. Training is part of the answer. We also need to think of ways and means to get men together for safety training. Tom Thompson--Could we get the brok ers to help? Dave Sauer--I doubt if this could be done since most of them want to insure with independent contractor relationship. T. S. Jones--On safety training matters, we are in a better position since we have camps; thus, having some control over our men. H. H. Jefferson--I believe that 85 to 90 per cent of our pulp wood is cut by indi viduals. That is why we have such a prob lem. There is no control exercised over their operations. Dave Sauer--I think liberal showing of safety' movies would do a lot of good. Panel Members' Remarks Mr. Jones: I am not a safety expert but am manager of a trade association in the Northwestern Section of Ontario where ap proximately 2,000,000 cords of pulpwood along with saw logs, ties and other forest products are produced annually. As one of management, I believe that safety is an integral part of operations . . . or as Mr. Everest expressed it "A funda mental part of management" I also heartily endorse another of Mr. Everest's pointed remarks, "Coasting on past performance is always downhill prog ress." I have heard many of our executives say that by increasing safe practices in the mills they can save cents. But if they can increase safe practices in the woods, they can save dollars. This, I believe, is true and makes our goal that much more worthwhile I think that it is because our association doesn't believe in coasting and helps the two safety associations in Ontario in every way. that Fred Monish, Ab Minor and John Schuler asked me to be a member of this panel. Before getting into this panel, the chair man has given me permission to stray a bit and I want to tell you about one or two items of interest from our Ontario experi ence. For instance, the compensation rate in Ontario for pulpwood logging is $3.00 this year as compared to $2^0 in 1952. Heavy logging is $5.00 as compared to $3.75 in 1952 and operating sawmill is $4.00 acompared to $3.75 in 1952. Power saws have only come into their own in the last thrye or four years and it is only in the last two years that there have been any concentrations of power saws ir. any particular areas. I am not aware of any great safety' lessons that have come out oi the use of power saws but it is true in the overall picture, with more power saws being used all the time, the accident rate is de creasing. Likewise, in the case of forest fires, we have had no forest fires set in our part of the country by the use of power saws. But I am sure that safe practices to prevent accidents and fires must be followed diligently. Another item of general interest that 1 would like to tell you about is our Safety Sign Boards in Northwestern Ontario. Most of our camps are from 50-100 and some up to 200 men camps. Up until two years ago. safety posters were used fairly extensively as a means of keeping safety before the men. In touring paper mills and manufacturing plants, the first notice that "hits you in the eye" on entering a plant is the Safety Sign Board. If a constant daily reminder is good for factory workers, it must be good for woods workers and in Northwestern Ontario we adopted a Bulls-Eye Safety Sign Board Pidpwood Logy ini/ (Round Table l discussion) 19 nother of Mr. "Coasting on till prog- executives say ces in the mills tey can increase they can save rue and makes orthwhile. our association d helps the two > in every way. inor and John nember of this inel, the chairi to stray a bit ut one or two Dntario expennpensation rate igging is $3.00 $50 in 1952. spared to $3.75 till is $4.00 a` ome into their jr years and it that there have power saws in >t .aware of any ( jme out of t--Xtrue in the wer saws being ent rate is de case of forest fires set in our use of power ife practices to ust be followed interest that 1 . is our Safety i Ontario. Most X) and some up two years ago, irly extensively before the men. manufacturing Itits you in the he Safely Sign minder is good it be good for vestem Ontario tty Sign Board and tlie majority of companies now have these in use. It is die duty of the clerk to iitange the days worked without a lost time sccident space daily and one camp that 1 know of has now worked 318 working days without a lost time accident. This may not -eem a long time when compared to mill - safety records but this system has only been at effect about two years and our safety ronunittees feel that this constant daily re minder is helping. Logging in Canada is generally territori ally divided into two parts, "British Colum bia and East of the Rockies." As the Canadian member of this panel, I thought 1 should briefly say a word about the B. C. section of Canada before 1 deal specifically with the area I work in. In British Columbia, a great deal of the safety work is carried out by the Accident Protection Divisionof the British Columbia Loggers' Association of Vancouver. Out there the terrain is rugged and timber is large and the Workmen's Compensation Board regulations are specific in relation to some clothing. Regulation 93: Caulked soled shoes shall be worn by workmen whose duties require them to walk on logs. Caulks and shoes shall be maintained in good condition by workmen. Regulation 100: Safety hats shall be worn bv workmen in all occupations in which there is a recognized hazard from falling objects. As a result of these regulations, most companies make it a condition of employ ment that workmen be suitably clothed: hard bats, slagged pants (short, no cuffs), good boots with sharp caulks, gloves, warm woolen snderwear and socks. For wet weather, rain-proof short coats made of heavy canvas. Most employersrefuseto let a man proceed into the woods unless he is properly dressed. It is only in the last year or two that operators in Canada east of the Rockies have liven much attention to safe clothing. We appear to-be on the threshold of considerable expansion in the next few seasons to judge by the degree of interest among our opera tors generally. As in other developments in this ancient logging industry, there is resist ance to new ideas and methods and as yet safety apparel is not generally accepted by the men, but is by management. The imme diate job ahead of us is to overcome any resistance to wearing items that we know will scree lives. Remember, we are dealing with large tracts of pulpwood size timber and insofar as hard hats particularly are concerned, inert are reluctant to use these. 1 have no doubt that this resistance was met in other parts of the United States and Canada and I hope that other members of the panel will give ideas, as to how they overcome employee resistance. We want to work towards the day when wearing safetyapparel will be a condition of employment but I would prefer to do this by education rather titan legislation and any tips in this matter will be welcome. To be specific, in Northwestern Ontario, the following safety clothing is in use: I do want to stress that when I say in use, I mean is being used by certain companies in certain of our camps. This is not an acrossthe-board use as yet, but it is what we are working towards. Hard Hats. Being sold by some companies. Some companies to introduce these are sell ing at cost. One company is selling hats less the value of the inside liner on a returnable basis. Rubber Gloves. Being used especially dur ing wet weather. Protective Aprons--Rubber, plastic or re inforced treated canvas which offer con siderable protection against puncture wounds and scratches from sharp knots and have water repellant qualities and are replacing the oat-sack aprons. Knee Pads. Are being tried out, but are meeting with considerable resistance. Back Belts for Tractor Driz>ers. Tractor drivers are being urged to use kidney pads similar to those used by dispatch riders in the armed forces. Buoyant Life Jackets. Some companies issue river drivers, boatmen, pointer crews and canoe men with self-inflating rubber belts.. These will be replaced with buoyant life jackets. These jackets, recently intro duced, will need some changing in design and when in general use will result in a sharp and welcome drop in drowning. Safety Boots and Rubbers. I,have pur posely left this item to the last. Safety-toed footwear has been used to a greater extent in the woods in the last two or three seasons then ever before. Our Safety Associations have keenly followed the development of these safety boots and rubbers and a year 20 Pulp and Paper Industry and a half ago we were not satisfied with the article produced. We knew that ap proximately 25 per cent of all injuries are axe injuries and 52 per cent of all foot injuries are axe cuts. We felt that the safety toed boots and rubbers being sold should do more than just protect the toe. Accordingly, the Ontario Pulp and Paper Makers' Safety Association in cooperation with the Lumbermen's Safety Association undertook a foot accident survey. The re sults of this survey have just been published and are available to anyone interested. You may secure a copy from either D. B. Chant, Secretary-Engineer, The Ontario Pulp & Paper Makers' Safety Association, or myself. The survey covered the right foot and left foot and out of 622 cases investigated, 305 were axe wounds, 43 were strains and ..sprains, and 274 were other foot injuries. There were about the same number of injuries to both the right and left foot reported and the inner side had 111 injuries; the outer side had 53 injuries and the top of the foot had 140 injuries. From this you can see that 86 per cent of the injuries occurred to the top and inside of the foot. The results of this survey have been turned over to the manufacturers and I be lieve that they have now produced a rubber that promises to be far superior to the foot wear presently in use. These rubbers are lined with a nylon fabric--the same material that is used in bullet-proof vests used in Korea. This fabric will stop a 38 calibre bullet at 12 feet and has been demonstrated to some of our Canadian representatives present. Fifty pairs of these are now on field trials in Ontario and Quebec and everyone con cerned is confident that we at last have a real safety rubber for use in the woods. In 1951, the year of our largest produc tion and a year of what appeared to be a year of shortages, many of our operators purchased large stocks of van goods includ ing rubbers and some are still on hand. Every effort is being made to dispose of these. As soon as this is done the majority of logging operations in Northwestern On tario will stock only safety boots and rub bers for sale. I have listed the items in use in our area at the present time. Representatives of log ging companies from our area are here. I am proud to say that there are eight ft Ontario. We will be pleased to answer ; questions. Mr. Sowers: This will be largely confi to a discussion of safe operation of ch; saws in the production of pulpwood east the Mississippi River. I would like to scribe in general the pulpwood operati in this large area. Pulpwood is produced in New Engl and New York state, for the most part, cutters living in camps in or near the tin they are working. These camps may h only two, or a few, men working by th selves or hired by others; but often t have fifty or more cutters hired by h dealers or paper companies. In any c these men are usually experienced cut and woodsmen who spend the majority their time producing pulpwood. 'The s sort of organization is used to some ex in the Lakes States. The balance of the eastern part of country, the Middle Atlantic States, A] lachian mountain area and the South Lake States, on the other hand, have : if any, camps for pulpwood cutters, men, and often women too, who produce greatest amount of the tremendous core of pulpwood are farmers and other ii pendent workers who live at home work in the woods only part-time. Mud the wood is produced by people who cut tpore than 50 cords per person per j This same system is becoming more w spread even in the northeast and Lake Si since many paper companies use a w variety of species including those m hardwoods which are found on farms email woodland ownerships. While the hazards and problems of cl saw operations are usually the same in of these types of operations, the metho training the operators and of getting safety program across is and must be n different. It is very difficult to deteri the frequency, number and dassificatioi accidents when the jobs are small, coni ally moving; and the workers are in out of production, living all over the p and seldom, if ever, have occasion to together where they can be trained. The jobs, averaging 10 to 100 cords < rarely have a supervisor or foreman, i of the cutters in this part of the coi work for themselves or in* partner Pulfnvood Logging (Round Table Discussion) 21 lere arc eight from ised to answer any Y.. Argely confined aperation of chainf pulpwood east of would like to deilpwood operations in New England r the most part, by or near the timber e camps may have working by themrs; but often they ers hired by large nies. In any case, experienced cutters id the majority of Ipwood. The same sed to some extent astem part of our antic States, Appaand the South and er hand, have few, wood cutters. The x>, who produce the tremendous cordage rs and other indelive at home and part-time. Much of Pie who cut not i ..arson per year, coming more wideast and Lake States janies use a wider uding those mixed 3und on farms and ips. . problems of chain,ly the same in both ions, the method of and of getting the ; and must be much fficult to determine and classification of are small, continu.vorkers are in and ; all over the place, ive occasion to get be trained. 0 to 100 cords each, : or foreman. Most part of the country or in' partnership, therefore the company buying their wood has little or no control over them, so they (the workers) are under no compulsion to ob serve safety regulations. It is a 100 per cent salesmanship job, and takes a 100 per cent salesman to put it across. Knowing that a chainsaw, like any other piece of mechanical equipment, is a safety hazard, if used improperly, or by untrained operators, the chainsaw manufacturers, pa per companies, American Pulpwood Associa tion and other groups are constantly striving to reach this heterogeneous multitude of pulpwood cutters find chainsaw operators through leaflets, personal contacts, group talks, movies, and so forth, to instruct them in safe operation of chainsaws. I will attempt to list the factors which we consider in safe chainsaw operation. They are not in any order of importance or oc currence, as this would be impossible in dealng with such a large territory and so many types of operations and operators. All these factors must be considered and controlled, ;f an operator is to obtain economical proiuction of pulpwood safely with a chainsaw. 1. Transportation of men and saw--If the perator walks to the woods, he should carry the saw in hb hand in such a way that tie can readily release it in case he stumbles sT falls. The practice of carrying it over the shoulder can result in a serious cut of the shoulder, neck or head. If the saw b arried on a truck, it should be securely fas tened down to prevent its bouncing around, vith consequent bending and breaking of ual parts. An exposed saw, not fastened wn, or kept in a rack or box on the truck, an get in the way of the riders who may all over it. 2. Daily inspection of the saw--Every aw should be completely checked before op eration each day to make sure all nuts, bolts aid screws are tight; chain should be at proper tension; guide bar free of dirt, twigs aid other obstructions; fuel and ignition I -ystem in proper adjustment; and the proper trade of oil and gasoline thoroughly mixed. 3. Is the operator trained?--Too often a chainsaw dealer will tell a prospective buyer, "There's nothing to it--just pull the starter cord and go to cutting." Or a cutter will see another using a chainsaw and making good production with no apparent work or worry, so he will buy one and start cutting without so much as looking at the pictures in the operator's manual which comes with the saw. No person should attempt to use a chainsaw until he has read, or been told, everything in the manufacturer's manual of operation. And unless he has had experience or is being trained in the felling, limbing or bucking of trees, he has no place behind a chainsaw. 4. Preventive or protective maintenance-- This demands a knowledge of what makes the saw work, what parts need frequent checking, and how to keep all parts of the saw in working condition; and then taking the time to regularly do it. I have heard some operators say it is not necessary to sharpen the chain because the motor turns the chain so fast the teeth will wear their way through the log. These men are ap parently unaware of the fact that a dull chain puts undue strain on the motor, may cause it to shake some parts loose; and if the chain is not regularly sharpened and inspected, loose rivets or cracked teeth may result in a broken chain or teeth flying in the face of the operator. 5. Operator's clothing--A shirt or shirts tucked beneath the belt and no necktie, with sleeves fitting tightly or rolled up, and a good grade heavy leather shoe with safety toes are the type clothing to wear in chainsaw operation. Loosely fitting clothes, open shirts or coats, and rubber or moccasin-type boots with soft toes are definitely a hazard. Most companies who hire woodsmen now require them to wear hard hats. Independent cutters should be constantly urged to adopt this type headgear, and the best way to sell the idea is for all supervisory personnel or foresters and wood buyers to wear such a hat in the woods. Many a serious and fatal head injury in the woods was caused by a dead or broken limb falling on the sawyer's head or neck. 6. Hirst Aid--It is no longer safe, if indeed it ever was, to go to the woods with no other first aid equipment than a pint of kerosene, which served the dual purpose of lubricating a sticky sawblade and as an anti septic to be poured on a saw or axe cut. Crews or individuals operating chainsaw should by all means be equipped with a standard first aid kit which is kept full, and either a small fire extinguisher or fire pump. Along with this, the operator should carry his gasoline supply in a closed container equipped with a spout or flexible hose for 22 Pulp and Paper Industry pouring it into the saw tank. This filling of the tank should not be done until the ground has been cleared to mineral soil, and dirt kicked over any ground on which gasoline has been spilled. Spilling gasoline on cloth ing, especially of an operator who smokes, is a hazard to be avoided. 7. When chainsaws are being used on an organized operation where several workers are present, a car or truck should be in readiness to take injured operators or other workers to the doctor or hospital. It is advisable to do the same on small independ ent operations wherever possible. With the advent of the cheap, light one-man chainsaw, the practice of one man going to the woods to cut pulpwood or other products alone has increased greatly. This practice should be discouraged whenever possible, and where practiced; proper use and care of the chain saw plus a goodly dose of safety precaution should be uppermost in the mind of the operator at all times. 8. Today many men are starting work in the woods for the first time, and using chainsaws right from the beginning. The person who sells or furnishes the chainsaw to such a person should teach, or, see that the novice is taught, the rudiments of cutting timber. First, he should learn to look over the area surrounding the tree to be cut, decide which way he wants the tree to fall and locate or make an escape path so he can get out of the way once the tree starts down. He should then clear around the tree so that the chain won't catch in twigs or vines and pull the saw out of control. After deciding where to fell the tree, which means judging the effect of large side branches, of an unevenly balanced top, or of a lean or crook in the trunk, the operator should saw out a generous undercut. Then before making the back cut, a check should be made to see that no dead or hollow places occur in the trunk, and take them into ac count. if there are any. If a large hollow or rotten stump is encountered--and some times they don't show up until the undercut is made--the tree might better be left stand ing. There is no way to tell how a rotten or hollow tree will fall. Even expert woodsmen will occasionally Itang a tree in one or more adjacent trees. The safest way to handle this situation is to pull the cut tree down by a long chain or cable attached to a tractor, truck or horse. If these are not available, the trunk o: felled tree should be undercut and the thus dropped out of the ones on which leaning. The frequent practice of cu down the tree or trees in which the cut is hung is always an unsafe practice, often the operator cannot get out of the before one or more trees fall on him. Of course, every operator, whether v ing alone or with others, should give warning call, T-i-m-b-e-r-r, before his starts to fall Persons working with should judge the height of the trees stay a safe distance from the tree 1 felled. When bucking trees into logs or ! the operator should make sure the trees been limbed. Swinging the saw in ant of branches with the motor running caused accidents by the chain engaging 1 and bouncing out of control, or pullinf operator off balance, and into the bu chain. The heel of the guide bar should be p firmly against the tree before starting ; Some operators hold the outer end or it of the chain against the tree or log, sometimes get jerked off their feet the chain pulls the saw motor up to th< Most pulp and paper companies have men .ip 'their wood procurement orga tions. These men arc always urged, often required, to watch chainsaw opera on the jobs they visit, and to give al demonstration and advice they can to the operator a safe worker. The safetj training program of the American Pulp Association is carried into the woods on company operations and to group independent producers. They stock training program heavily with, actual onstrations of saw maintenance and use always insist that those men they are l ing repeat the work which they have demonstrated. A surprisingly large proportion of v workers cannot read, so that printed in: tions and regulations for these worker often a waste of money. Field demot tions and instructions issued in the for comic books, as well as talking movies posters showing right and wrong wa operate chainsaws, will do far more tc improving the practice of safety in chai operation than all the letters and pi regulations ever posted. Pulpwood Logging (Round Table Discussion) 23 tie, the trunk of the idercut and the tr on which it i 5--itice of cutting n wliicli the cut tm nsafe practice. Ti it get out of the wav s fall on him. ator, whether work:rs, should give the -r-r, before his tret working with hint it of the trees ami rom the tree being into logs or bolt', e sure the trees havt the saw in and out motor running lias diain engaging limbi, ntrol, or pulling dir nd into the buzzing bar should be placed tefore starting a cut : outer end or middle he tree or log, and off their feet when motor up to the log companies have field ocuranent organiza/ " 'cays urged, and Jmsaw operation* and to give all the x they can to make leer. The safety and American Pulpwood into the woods both and to groups of They stock their ly with actual demttenance and use, and men they are trainhich they have seen proportion of uo lthat printed instruc>r these workers arc y. Field demonstratsued in the form oi 1 talking movies, and and wrong ways (c do far more toward >f safety in chainsaw letters and printed Sir. Thompson: I want to point out what protective equipment we have used; what luck we have had with it; and what diffi culties we have encountered. First of all, I wish to comment on safety lists. In May of this year we purchased 100 hard hats which we issued as equipment to cutters. Our first mistake was splitting the hats between two camps -- neither camp getting enough for the entire crew. As a result some men were lackadaisical about wearing them. On an equipment check-out basis, enough hats should be provided to take care of all cutters and the wearing of them should be mandatory. Within two months of the date of issue of hats, two of our workers suffered acci dents which wotiM have been very serious but for their safety hats. Both qualified ior the "Turtle Chib," in which there are now 200 members. There is no need to sell these two men on safety hats. We find that there is no suitable winter lining for hard hats available for a Lumber Jack. A group of us spent a considerable portion of one morning going "round and round" with various hat manufacturers and we are in hopes of getting a better winter liner. Safety Shoes We have been selling safety shoes in our stores for the past six months (ever since "Pac" season) and a good share of the men are wearing them. We secured brochures and price lists from various companies and the men picked out the boot they thought was the most suitable ior their use. As it happened, the shoe they picked was built for inside wear and was not nigged enough for logging. Our store clerks were besieged by a long line of irate customers Holding out shoes that had come apart at the soles. We immediately switched to a more rugged boot and have had much better luck. We are now faced with the problem of changing over to winter footwear. Our men generally wear leather top, rub ber bottomed "swampers" or "pacs" with "Plan socks." We have been unable to find a suitable "swamper" with safety toe fea tures. We would appreciate it if any of you could steer us to some. Wearing Apparel As to wearing apparel, we stress the dangers of loose clothing. A good share of our men wear breeches in the winter time and stagged off denims in summer. Roiled up pant legs are taboo. The cutters wear gloves at all times, the most popular being the "monkey face," a yellow, soft finish glove from which they bum the fuzz to make them less slippery. Leather choppers are a rarity on our opera tions. Tractor Safety Canopies We have used safety canopies on our tractors (D-6 and D-fi) for a number of years but have not tried them on smaller (D-4 and D-2) types largely because we haven't as yet been able to develop one that was suitable. We do not do any bulldozing with the smaller tractors and have depended on hard hats for protection thus far. During the winter months our tractors are equipped with canvas skirts to deflect heat from the engine to the operator. They have been a boon to production and operator welfare. Train Hooks On our operation we use a tool which I feel should be considered protective equip ment. It is generally used for piling up pulpwood where two men are working to gether. It is a three-pronged hook that is used to grasp the ends of the stick of pulp. The danger of getting the fingers between the sticks is largely eliminated. A well-made hook can be used to coll a pulp stick (like a cant hook) as well. It is a very handy tool. I don't know whether there is"a patent out on them or not. They've been around a long time--20 years or so--I believe our blacksmith shop has supplied a good share of Northern Minnesota and Wisconsin with them. Any good blacksmith can make them. I can make a drawing of one and send it in to the Council for distribution. Fire Protection For fire protection around a working area we have tried back-pac(c pumps and found them expensive to buy and to maintain. Where we skid trees in full lengths we find that there usually develops a damp spot or so along the skidding trails. During times ) I 24 Pulp and Pater Industry of high fire hazard we ask the cutter to keep an old oat sack, well soaked up--either in one of these wet spots or in a bucket of water. A "gunny sack can put out a lot of fire if available for immediate use. Warning Mr. Jefferson remarked about the absence of the warning shout of "Timber" in the logging operations today. We operate in relatively small timber where the undercut is often made with a power saw immediately preceding the felling cut, and have been instructing the cutters to shout "Timber" before the)' start the saw. From there on we feel that some of the responsibility has shifted to the man ap proaching the area. The noise of the saw is a warning in itself. I wish to cite one case that we had the yell of "Timber" would have 1: effect. A man was cutting down a tree, w tention of dropping it across the ro tween his horse and the bams. He that his horse had wandering ways ai been repeatedly asked to tie the hast danger when he was not using him. C particular instance the horse decided to the bams just as the tree was felled. The faller did not hear the hon the noise of the power saw. The tr directly across the horse's back and him. There was only one thing I felt j in saying to the man: "Goodbv, good luck, turn in youi hat." Paper Converting Division (Round Table Discussion) Presiding: .Vincent P. Coulon, Safety Dir., The Sealright Co., Inc., Fulton, N. Y. Recorder: Hugh M. Jackson, Mgr., Industrial Health Program, The Johns-Manville New York City In spite of the large attendance (which made difficult the obtaining of names and companies), participation in discussing the problems raised from the floor was excellent. The following summary briefs the many comments made. 1. Does vour Safety Department operate on a budget? Surprisingly, 25 said no and only eight said yes. While the question was posed in relation to a headquarters Safety Depart ment of a multiplant operation, the factors discussed apply to any Safety Department. Those opposed to a budget stated that needs could not be anticipated a year ahead, that activities had to be designed to meet an immediate problem, and that management should "go along" with the Safety Depart ment's recommendations of what was re quired. Those endorsing the budget method asserted that, in general, needs could be an ticipated; that having a definite amount to work with permitted placing emphasis on the most effective phases of accident prevention; that an approved budget assured a definite program while without it each activii subject to the whim of the "boss" moment; that planning ahead is gooc agement practice in any business re. bility. 2. What is your safety shoe progra A number of companies reported su ranging from one dollar to 50 per c the shoe price. Payroll deduction wa; mon practice w*hile sales were hand plant stores, visiting shoe trades oi shoe stores. In general, wearing of shoes was not compulsory, though tl sales effort several plants reported t per cent or more regularly wore th the job. One plant reported that shoe furnished when their use was mam Question was raised as to whether state regulations would not force tl plover to furnish safety shoes if tl ployer indicated such "should" be wc 3. Any new gimmicks or campaigns A number of contests and award ar ments were described. It was the con however, that every gimmick, contes Paper Converting Division (Round Table Discussion) 25 ise that we had where would have had nc ^\ i___ ; down a tree, with in: across the road bethe bams. He knew ndering ways and had to tie the beast out of ot using him. On this i horse decided to gc the tree was being lot hear the horse over r saw. The tree fell irse's back and killed thing I felt justified turn in your hard , Fulton, N. Y. Johns-Manville Corp. t *. each activity was )he ''boss" at the j nead is good mantny business responsi vely shoe program? nies reported subsidies Jar to 50 per cent of II deduction was com ales were handled b; shoe trades or loca'. al, wearing of safetj Isory, though througl ants reported that 70 ;ularly wore them on xirted that, shoes were use was mandatory as to whether some Id not force the emety shoes if the em"should" be worn, ks or campaigns ? ts and award arrangeIt was the consensus, gimmick, contest, etc.. should aim at building safety into production. Safety is not a thing in itself, but is an integral part of the production supervisor's responsibility. To emphasize this fact, data can be obtained from the insurance carrier to relate accident costs directly to the plant having the unfavorable experience. 4. Are job hazard breakdowns being used ? Several plants reported using job safety analysis or hazard breakdowns for training new employees and transferees. With a few variations, job breakdowns were made through collaboration of employees, foremen, safety engineer, training instructor, and in dustrial engineer. Maintenance of analyses was accomplished by periodic review, audit by observation, and check of non-disabling and disabling accident causes against analyses hazard identification. All plants using this technique reported favorable results. 5. Do plant inspections discover unsafe work habits? In general, it was agreed that work habits were not noted particularly in the typical plant inspection. Two companies, however, reported considerable success in obtaining union committee collaboration in this regard. At one, the committee volunteered to observe aid report unsafe practices to foremen (first erbally then in writing). The other re ported that the union has publicly taken the rosition "don't bring a grievance if you ion't follow the safety rules." It was the onsensus of opinion that much greater -mphasis should be made in noting and corrtcting unsafe work methods and practices. 6. How can loaded box shop trucks be undled safely? The problem involved frequent heel injury while pulling 47 inch by 84 inch four wheel Tucks loaded with carton flats. Pushing is not satisfactory because vision over and around is blocked. Suggestions given in cluded detachable handles, power puller-hand operated, lower load level, eliminate poor floor conditions. 7. How arc lift truck operators trained? A number of companies reported licensing programs. These ranged from a mere hand ing out of licenses, to a complete training program, including medical examination, con ference training and testing, and driving training and testing. Truck "derbies" were effective. One plant reported successful ap plication of aptitude testing, not only for truck driving but all jobs, on a program developed by Science Research Associates. 8. Should discipline be given safety rule violators ? 11 was the consensus of opinion that safety rule violations should be handled in the same manner as any other production practice vio lation. Required practice must be clearly indicated and discipline consistent Several companies reported the use of warning or violation slips, with stated penalties of layoff and discharge on the second and third vio lations. 9. How can use of machine guards be cont rolled ? Several suggestions related to guard design were offered: tie in machine switch to the guard; provide gravity drop so guard would rest in closed position, hinge guard to pro hibit removal, paint guard with safety code color to identify guard not in position. It was agreed that training for supervisor and employee was essential. Investigation should be made into the "why" of guard removal fo determine whether process, method, or de sign changes are indicated. P / *!v* Insulation Products (A Round Table Discussion) Presiding: Amos S. Keen, Safety Dir., Armstrong Cork Gx, Lancaster, Pa. Conference Recorder: Albert W. Smith, Personnel Services Mgr., Bird and Son East Walpole, Mass. The chairman asked if all members of the Insulation Section were receiving the copies of the Disabling Accident Reports. Three mailings had been sent out from his office. Mr. Lee of Wood Conversion Company said he had not received any. This oversight will be looked into and corrected. The delegates agreed that the write-ups were of great value and hoped Mr. Keen would continue to send them ouL Mr. Keen reported that a list of suitable questions had been prepared by Mr. Russell Blum from questions submitted by the mem bers in reply to a questionnaire sent to them. Question: What, if anything, has been found to be a suitable substitute for carbon tetra chloride ? Several delegates expressed their opinions that even though several cleaning fluids were on the market, nothing quite took the place of carbon tetrachloride. Some clean as well but leave an oily residue. Question: What is the best method of fol lowing up and correcting hazardous condi tions found to exist that have or might cause accidents? One delegate said his company used a maintenance work order card of a different color than the standard card, therby flagging the job as important safety-wise. Another delegate said such work was taken up at the monthly safety committee meetings. If the job has not been completed, a suitable answer must be given. Question: What has been found to be the safest method of breaking up a log jam on the conveyor? The opinion was that a good signalling system was essential. One method offered was to have a control switch operated by one man only. Question: Anyone familiar with Defibrator safety valves? No one responded to this question with anything of a concrete nature. Question: What is done to correct and con trol wet floor hazards? Some delegates found the sloping o: the best. Others used a good drainin tern. A covering known as "Min Walk" had been found satisfactory*. A said his company was in the process o mg a non-slipping compound and it good so far. Question: How can we get the aa prone employee to mend his ways vt discouraging him from going to the c Some delegates use the personal-c method. The approach depends on th ployee's personality. Another delegate said that any cm having more than two injuries in the year was called before the safety com and the accidents discussed in detail him. Proved helpful. Others mentioned were: Do not medical attention to workers but ot supervisors. Investigate the man's o activities. Does he respond to instru from foreman? Wear proper safety ment? Supervisor can help by givin employee extra attention such as re; instructions. Supervisors need to be tt too. Question: Should accident-prone emp be discharged? General opinion was that this wa last thing to do. Try to find him a ; another department on. different ty| work. Might be due to poor health leave of absence for medical treatment help. Question: What methods are used tc mote good housekeeping ? Opinions: Hold departmental forenw sponsible. Keep department clean froi to day. Many times plant is cleaned u| when the president, directors or othe management men are going to visit method is most costly. Supervisor shot strict at all times. Have safety engine* members of safety committee make rt inspections. Issue cards listing the disor JStr----JPa. , Bird and Son, Inc, id the sloping of floor a good draining systown as "Minnesota satisfactory'- Another in the process of testnpound and it looked tve get the accidentaid his ways without t going to the dispen- the personal contac: i depends on the or. id that any emplo\er injuries in the same the safety committer mssed in detail with vere: Do not stress workers but only ! te the man's outsidr spond to instruction* proper safety equip ts jp by giving the it.. -such as repeated rs need to be trained. dent-prone emplovee- s that this was the to find him a job tr. n different type of to poor health and a dical treatment would jds are used to pr*.5? rtmental foremen rement clean from da> rat is cleaned up only rectors or other top going to visit Thi< Supervisor should be e safety engineer and smittee make regular listing the disorders' Insulation Products (Round Table Discussion) 27 1 White card means the condition should be corrected soon. 2. Blue card shows the recommended cleanup was not attended to. J. Pink card warns the foreman that he will be called into the superintendent's office to discuss the matter. Plant manager or superintendent should go through the departments on inspection tours. One manager has been known to cause machinery to be shut down until the department was cleaned up. Housekeeping standards are set by man agement. Should not be left to a hit-or-miss method. Question: What has been found to be the bc*t type of report to submit to management in order to give a clear idea of safety engi neer's job and what is happening? One delegate said he found that to request a few minutes of the manager's time, to sit down and discuss just what is on your mind, brings quick results. Another delegate thought the safety engi neer should be called in to review the plans of new machines while they are still on the drawing board. Question: What compulsory program is fol lowed regarding safety shoes and goggles? Delegate: Safety prescription glasses for men in machine shop are furnished on a 60-40 payment basis. 1 f employees are compelled to wear safety shoes, then management should be expected to pay in full. Officers of the PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 953-54 General Chairman--ARTHUR CARLE, Safety Director, The Northwest Paper Company, Cloquet, Minn. I'ice-Chairman & Program Chainnan--DALLAS E. HENRY, Safety Coordinator, South ern Advance Bag & Paper Co., Hodge, La. Seres Letter Editor--FRANCIS H. WAGNER, Director of Safety, The Mead Corpora tion, Chillicothe, Ohio. Secretary and Membership Chairman--F. O. SOUGHTON, Services & Safety Supervisor, Longlac Pulp & Paper Company Ltd., Terrace Bay, Ontario, Canada. Regional Membership Representatives--*E. A. PAGE (Great Lakes), Safety Supervisor, Kinjberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis.; *H. P. HEUBNER (East), Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y.; C. C. MacPIKE (South), Safety Director, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla ; DOUGLAS B. CHANT (Canada), Secre tary-Engineer, The Ontario Pulp &, Paper Maker's Safety Assn., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; OTTO HARTWIG (West), Crown-Zellerbach, Portland, Ore. Medical Adzisor--DR. JAMES D. STARK, Medical Dir., Hammermill Paper Co., Erie, Pa. <pecial Projects Committee--GORDON LEMKE (Chairman), Research Engineer, Employer's Mutual Liability Ins. Co., Wausau, Wis.; LAMBERT LOUY, Safety Direc tor. Container Corp. of America, Chicago, III.; GEORGE R. MERRIMAN, Coordinator of Personnel & Safety. International Paper Company, Mobile, Ala.; W. H. McLAUGHLIN, Director of Safety and Sanitation, Lily-Tulip Cup Corp., College Point, L. I., N. Y.; *R. W. CROUCHER, Safety Officer, The Minnesota-Ontario Pulp & Paper Co., International Falls, Minn. Contest Committee--A. SCOTT DOM'D, President, Fritz Publications, Inc., Chicago, III.; *J. FRED BERRY, General Ins. Mgr,, Alton Boxboard Company, Alton, 111.; HAR LEY B. GOODRICH, Maintenance & Safety Engineer, Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mass.; JAMES N. CONAWAY, Safety Manager, Scott Paper Com pany, Chester, Pa. Pulpwood Logging Division--JOHN E. SCHUELER (Division Chainnan), Safety Engi neer, Consolidated Water, Power & Paper Co., Rhinelander, M is. Publications Committee--RUSSELL C. HAMMOND (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Employees' Mutual Liability Ins. Co. of Wis., Ironwood, Mich.; HARRY H. JEFFER SON, Training Officer, American Pulpwood Assn., New York, N. Y. G. K. EOLL, Personnel Manager, Marathon Paper Mills of Canada, Ltd, Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada; WALTER LOCKHEART, Safety Supervisor, Woodlands Department, Longlac Pulp & Paper Co, Longlac, Ontario, Canada. 29 Visual Aids Committee--B. H. ROY (Chairman), Supervisor of Health & Safety, Wo<lands, Spruce Falls Power & Paper Co., Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada; J. C. RODGF. SON, Plant Safety Supvr., Brown Company, Berlin, N. H.; R. T. CARTER. Atil Power & Paper Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; DAVID W. SOWERS, JR., Resear Forrester, Woods Dept., West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., Hancock, Md. Pulp Manufacturing Division--D. V. HILL (Division Chairman), Safety Director, T Mead Corporation, Kingsport, Tenn. Publications Committee--FRED T. MORRISH (Chairman), Safety Supvr., Ontar Minnesota Pulp & Paper Co., Fort Francis, Ontario, Canada; RUSSELL BELL, Safi Director, Crossett Companies, Crossett, Ark.; N. C. BELLAMY, JIL, Safety Supervis Carolina Division, Champion Paper & Fibre Co., Canton, N. C.; C. C COUGHLI Safety Director, The Gulf States Paper Corp., Tuscaloosa, Ala. Visual Aids Committee--MARION L. HODGES (Chairman), Safety Director, W Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.. North Charleston, S. C.; E. J. MARQUARDT, Safi Director, National Container Corp., Tomahawk, Wis.; GEORGE S. NELSON, Clai & Safety Mgr., Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co., Wisconsin Rapids, Wi CHARLES R. HAGAN, Safety Manager, Oxford Paper Company, Rumford, Me Paper Manufacturing Division--C. R. JOHNSTON (Division Chairman), Pertbnne! Safety Dir., Cornell Paperboard Prod. Co., Cornell, Wis. Publications Committee--R. B. WELCH (Chairman), Safety Supvr., P. H. Glatfelter C Spring Grove, Pa.; ROBERT K. MERIDITH, Safety Dir., West Virginia Pulp Paper Co., Tyrone, Pa.; OTTO SHERMAN, Safety Supvr., Mill Division, Gayl< Container Corp., Bogalusa, La.; E A. TOPMILLER, Supervisor of Safety. Champ Paper & Fibre Co., Hamilton, Ohio. Visual Aids Committee--ROBERT J. GELL (Chairman), Staff Assistant, Paper hi Paper Mill Div., Eastman Kodak Company, Kodak Park, Rochester, N. Y.; WILLI* A. OLIVER, Safety Supvr., Gardiner Board & Carton Co., Middletown, Ohio; V. GAULT, General Safety Supvr., Crown-Zellerbach Corp., Portland, Ore.; ROBE! M. GILMORE, General Safety Supvr., Rayonier Inc, Hoquiam, Wash.; WILLI.* VanHOUT, Safety Coordinator, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Kimberly, Wis. Paper Converting Division--ROBERT W. GRAY (Division Chairman), Safety Direci Union Bag & Paper Corp., Savannah, Ga. Bag Manufacturing Committee--R. G. BELKNAP (Chairman), Personnel Mana; Bemis Brothers Bag Co., East Pepperell, Mass.; MARTIN MANEY, Director Training, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla.; HAROLD HEWITT, Asst. F sonnel Mgr., Bemis Bros. Bag Company, Peoria, 111. Box Manufacturing Committee--A. O. VRANEK (Chairman), Safety Director, Contai Corp. of America, Chicago, I1L; G. J. BIENVENU, General Superintendent, Contai Division, Gaylord Container Corp., Bogalusa, La.; RAY KETCHMARK, Director Safety and Labor Relations, Folding Paper Box Assn, of America, Chicago, 1 FORREST E KIMMELL, Safety Director, The Sutherland Paper Co,, Kalanuu Mich. 30 & Safety, Wood; J. C. RODGER. CARTER, AtihitRS, JR., Research ra. / Fety Director, The Supvr., Ontario LL BELL, Safet\ Safety Supervisor. C COUGHLIN' Roofing Manufacturing Committee--CARL L. EDDINS (Chairman), Assistant Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y.; HUGH JACKSON, Manager of Safety & Training, The Johns-Manville Corp., New York, N. Y.; THOMAS S. TOBIN, Asst. Safety Director, Lloyd A Fry Roofing Co., Summit, 111.; A. W\ SMITH, Personnel & Service Mgr., Bird and Son, Inc., East Walpole, Mass. Insulation Manufacturing Committee--AMOS S. KEAN (Chairman), Safety Director, Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, Pa.; RUSSELL BLUM, Safety Director, The Flint kote Co.. Meridian. Miss.; BUDWIN J. LEE Safety Director, Wood Conversion Co., Cloquet, Minn. specialties Manufacturing Committee--VINCENT P. COULON (Chairman), SafetyDirector. The Sealright Co., Inc., Fulton, N. Y.; A. J. HOMBLETTE, Safety Super visor, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis. y Director, Wes: 3UARDT, Safet\ NELSON, Claims sin Rapids, Wts. Rumford, Me nan). Personnel & H. Glatfelter Co. : Virginia Pulp & Division, Gaylord Safety, Champion \ Paper Mill tv WILLIAM town, Ohio; V. C , Ore.; ROBERT Vash.; WILLIAM berly, Wis. ), Safety Director. ersonnel Manager. VEY, Director oi iWITT, Asst. Per- Director, Container ntendent. Container LARK, Director oi ica, Chicago, 111.; :r Co., Kalamazoo, % Other Volumes in this Series Users .of this volume will find much value in its companion volumes. Here is the TITLE VOLUME General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes..................................................... Aeronautical Industries ........................................................................................................ Air Transport Industry........................................................................................................ Automotive and Machine Shop Industries........................................................................... Cement and Quarry Industries............................................................................................. Chemical Industries ............................................................................................... Coal Mining Industry......................................................................................... Construction Industry .................................................................................................. Electrical Equipment Industry........................... ................................................. . Farm Safety........................................................................................................................... Fertilizer Industry.......................................... ........................... Food Industry ........................ ...................................................... Glass and Ceramics Industry...................... ... Home Safety............................................................................................................... Industrial Nursing .............................................. ........... ......... Industrial Subject Sessions (Sponsored by ASSE) . . ...................................... Maritime Industries (Marine Section).......................... ...................... Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries............................................... ... .... Metals Industry.......................................................................................................... Mining Industry ................................................................................................................... Motor Transportation Industry' (Commercial Vehicle Section)...................................... Petroleum Industry ............................... ..................................................................... Power Press and Forging Operations.............................................................................. Printing and Publishing Industry'......................................................................................... Public Employment (Public Employees Safety Committee)........................................... Public Utilities Industries................................................. ........................................ Pulp and Paper Industry ........................... ................................................................. Railroad Industry ..................................... ............................................................ Rubber Industry ................................................................................................................... School and College Safety.................................................................................................... Textile Industry ...................................................................................... ......................... Traffic Safety ........................................................................................................................ Transit Industry ................................................................................................................... Wood Products Industries.................................................................................................... Personal Effectiveness . ...............................^ .... .................................................. PRICES OF EXTRA COPIES OF INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES TO MEMI VOLUME 1 to 9 copies 10 to 99 copies 100 to 999 copies 1000 m SIZE Each Each Each Ex Less than 24 pages-- 24 to 48 pages-- 49 to 96 pages-- Over 96 pages-- $0.29 .35 .46 .69 $023 29 .40 .63 $0.17 23 .35 JSS $0 Complete set of Transactions (35 vo!s.)--$6.90 (1 to 9 copies), 6.30 (10 to 99 5.70 (100 or more copies). NON-MEMBER prices are double member prices, except volumes 10, 14, 30 and 3 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NOITH MICHIGAN AYE. CHICAGO 11