Document v615pDngJbkbr51NE5dbQ8d9q

ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations For tie Month of June, 1946 M. VAN LOO L77 - Pigment Studies Work continues on the study of white pigment opacity factors. It will be recalled that in the report for May the term H-P.V-C-, "Hiding Pigment Volume Concentration" was introduced. This term differs from the customary P.V.C. or P.V, in that here the extender pigment is considered as part of the vehicle rather than as pigment. It was shown DthryatHtihdiisngi.s true so long as there is sufficient binder to prevent High - '; |J , It was also shown that as the Hiding Pigment Volume Concentration is increased the hiding efficiency per pound is decreased. Work has been extended to a number of different opacity pigments and it may now be concluded that the efficiency of high opacity pigments is affected to a larger degree tiy volume relationships than is true of the lower opacity materials. K*? i- " ' An illustration of the practical effect of the above relationship was given in the report for March, page ten, when it was shown that two Semi-Lustres were prac tically equal in opacity even though one had 2.5 pounds Ti02 per gallon, whereas the other had 2.0 pounds. ;t ;j V-j Below is a tabulation which illustrates the efficiency of several pigments at different concentrations. .4. H.P.V-C- Opacities in So. Ft. Per Pound 5* 10* 1$ 20* 25* 30* 35* 40* 45* 50* ' I 108 dry 54 51 43 45 41 38 54 31 28 25 j 461 L dry 45 43 41 30.5 36 34 32 30 28 26 1271 62 61 60 59 57.5 56 55 V.J 1403 " 183 165 146 128 109 91 1538 " 128 116 105 94 82 71 'V 'i 1897 132 2173 " 76 72 69 65 61 58 54 50 47 455 97 80 78 68 5B 197 165 145 125 105 \j ; -i 2229 228 200 174 147 121 0007- SWP-045190 \ N23779 H. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Cont. All of the above data has been determined on single pigment paints. How this data will translate to multiple pigmentations ha3 not been established. Therefore, pending further work the above data should be considered as tentative. #162 - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Paintercraft 5-In-l Interior Pa3te Paint In connection rath the development of on interior paste paint for the Paintercraft line, samples of the paste OJ 810 J and the reduc ing varnish CVR 452-3 were sent to Cleveland for test. A number of panels were prepared by Lou Donald to check the versatility of this material.- The paste OJ 810 J was reduced with the reducing varnish CVK 452-3 and/or mineral spirits to produce a wall primer and sealer , enamel undorcoater, flat, semi-gloss and gloss sail paints. In general the test panels appeared to be quite satisfactory, and the reduced paste paints were similar to our regular Trade Sales products, such as Interior Gloss, Semi-Lustre, Nall Primer and Sealer Box 25, Tin.trite and Paintercraft One Coat Plat #10. The finished panels were inspected by Messrs. K. Y. Benson, H. S. Prescott, end S. F. Carlson. It was agreed that some effort should be made to improve the brightness of the paste and reduce the wrinkling tendencies of the enamel reduction. It was also decided that further tests should be made in Cleveland and Chicago, by some painting contractor, to obtain the reaction of the trade to a paste of this type. A 25 or 50 gallon batch of the paste paint and reducing varnish are to be made if sufficient Dehydrol can be obtained for this purpose. flat Well Pnintfl Work has been under way to improve the odor of our flat wail paints by the use of deodorized solvents. An experimental batch of Flat-Tone White OJ 997 J was formulated using Shell's 8296 Special Mineral Spirits and Regular Base No. 1. A gallon simple was sent to Cleveland for test. This formulation also contained five gallons of Aromatic Solvent #40, produced by the Union Oil Company, to improve the brush ing properties. We have found that too low solvency (Kauri-Butanol Talue) tends to produce sticky brushing, and a small amount of high K. B. solvent is required to prevent a break when high bodied oils are used. This fact was made quite evident when wo tested samples of #100 and #140 Soltrols submitted by the Phillips Petroleum Company. ^ <=> -S W P -04519! 0007-SWP-000114562 -3U. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. Semi-Lustre During the month an investigation mas instituted in an attempt to determine the reason for the drop in sheen of Semi-Lustre White when formulated with rather slow thinners such as (l4l) and (5020). A number of thinners with high to low Kauri Butanol values, boiling in about the same range as kerosene, were obtained from various suppliers. Based on the test data below, it is quite difficult to deter mine the reason for the variations in sheen obtained with the various solvents. However, it appears that a high Kauri Butanol value asso ciated with not too high a boiling range, gives the best results, with the least drop in sheen. Aromatic Solvent #40, produced by the Union Oil Company, was found to bo one of the best thinners. This sample had the least effect on the sheen of Semi-Lustre White and only minor differences in wet edge were noticeable as compared with (3020). (See next two pages for charts) 0007-SWP-045192 0007-SWP-000114563 Thinners Used end Characteristica Solvent. Source IBP 10$ 50? 95? E.P. K.B. Odor of F. F. F. F. F. No. Solvent - jinsco Light ... Botcrdsol American Oil and Supply Co. 364 573 382 399 412 50 Jtasco Rctardsol n 370 390 430 470 505 32 '*;' insco Solvent E n 350 - 405 435 465 74 FFP ;,|iirosol $12 !?;;ipco jf 18 AndersonPrichard tt 344 360 371 392 412 65 560 374 391 434 475 36 FF- ; Deodorized Apoo 467 n 424 434 442 460 480 27 Posolcne Freedom Oil Co. 370 390 420 460 490 25.5 G P 4. Sovasol $6 Socouy-Vacuum 368 384 406 438 460 3 0 Aromatic 'Solvent $40 Union Oil Co. '> Onion Banner $9i n 572 380 385 402 426 65 369 576 385 401 420 35 ^145 Thinner ' iagtp. - t $407 Solvent Volsicol Coip. 345 > 588 448 498 535 88 Shell Oil Co. S80 402 434 468 500 77 P F G FF it Ehonol ;?? Solvent .' Solvosso $100 Standard $410 . ^thinner S/42 Solvsol Deep Bock Oil Corp. - ' - -- ~ 31.6 Standard Oil (Indians) 372 : 400 432 465 497 44 90? Esso Marketers 500 - 327 350 370 81.5 Standard Oil (Cal.) 362 376 394 426 447 45 Tidewater 350 361 377 598 418 85 - - - - - - 75 F- FF- F F - - - - - - 33-40 F - --- 40-48 P 0007-SWP-045193 0007-SWP-000114564 Semi-Lustre Tests on Rex 210 Formula of 8-22-45 Paint Bo. Solvent Used (16 gals ./LOO) Viscosity Fresh #3 Orifice Brushing Flov/ Wet Edge Gloss Draw- Panels Downs Drying Set-totouch 975 J Ansco Light Rotardsol Very si. 23.3" Good Good short 65 68 0:40 974 J Amsco Retardsol 24.8" 975 J Ansco Solvent E a. 5" 976 J Arosol #12 a.6" V. good Good If 11 n n Good 23 SI. short 66 Very sl. short 60 977 J Apco #18 24.0" If n Good 54 978 J Deod. Apco .467 24.1" n it SI. short 33 979 J Fosolene 980 J Sovasol #6 24.5" 26.8" w H n V.S.short 49 ft Good 64 981 J Arocatic Solvent #40 23.8" f) V. sl. ft short 70 862 J Union Thinner #9 23.4" ft n Sl. short 52 985 J #45 Thinner 23.7" V. good n Good 66 684 J #407 Solvent 985 J Hoqvy Naphtha 986 J it5 Enccel Solvent 987 J Solvosso #100 988 J Standard #410 Thinner 969 J 35/42 Solvsol 990 J (6021) >91 J (346) 992 j (3020) 25.2" Good Fair + Sl. short 38 22.5" " Fair + Sl. short 45 22.0" 19.0" If Good Good V. good 11 Short 58 73 24.6" 20.3" 20.3" 25.3" Good n n ii Good Short ft If 70 72 11 (Short on 76 (5 min. lap ft OK on 5 65 nla. lap Over night drying - good on ell sables 32 1155 66 0:45 68 0:45 46 1:15 26 1:15 33 1:10 53 1:10 72 1:00 72 0:50 33 1:45 3 4 1:20 42 1:00 66 1:00 75 0:40 71 0:45 ' 76 0:40 75 0:30 54 1:10 0007-SWP-045194 0007-SWP-000114565 tfl62 - Cont. Samples of regular Wet-Ege Spirits and Deodorized Yfet-Ege Spirits were obtained fron the Anderscn-Prich^rd Oil Coip, for tost purposes. Those materials were compared with the sample of YJet-Ege Paint Thinner applied by the Thorp son-Hayward Chemical Company, in the Semi-Lustre White formulation. Andorson-Prichard have node claims similar to those of ThonpsonHayward with respect to wet edge, odor, evaporation rate, etc. As stated in our monthly report for May, our main interest in these thinners is to obtain one that will not dull the gloss or cause flashing and hold a wet edge longer than mineral spirits. The "boiling range of the various Wet-Ege thinners coopares as follows with that of (548). Anderson-Prichard Wet Ege Paint Wet-Ege Spirits Thinner ("Regular and Deodorized) Ihonn son-Havwcrd (348) 1 Min. Mar. I3P 520 P. 328 F. 354.4 F. 302 5f, 102 202 302 402 50? 602 702 B02 902 952 point Butanol 326 328 332 336 539 342 347 352 357 367 580 386 33.5 334 336 340 344 347 350 355 360 365 375 388 394 33.5 348.8 354.2 357.8 361.4 563 .2 366.8 375.8 383 395.6 - 428 31.4 311 -' 329 -- - _ 374 392 35 0007-SOT-045195 -7- H. VAN LOO Cont. jjh.62 - Con-t. Batches of Semi-Lustre fihite were made using 100$ of each TJet-fge thinner and (348) for the volatile content. The paints were checked for brushing, flow, sheen and wet edge. The Net-Ege thinners fron Aaderson-Prichard produced higher consistencies in Soni-Lustre than (348) or the Ket-Ego Paint Thinner from Thonpson-Haynr.rd. The Thocnson Hayward thinner had slightly better brushing and slightly longer wet edge than the Anderson-Prichard materials. Based on our tests, the Anderson-Prichard thinners shot/ only e scall advantage over (348) with respect to wot edge and do not warrant any further consideration. #182 - Study of leprovod Mixing end Grinding Practices A study was cade to detemine the optinun anoint of Hunde in Bax 210 and in several of tho alternate fornulas for Rex 201 Seni-Lustre Ivory, for best production rate. Tlhilc there is an increase in rate using up to Z$ Nuade, the nost practical and efficient onount seens to be about .75$, based on the paste weight. Increases in production rates of fron 50$ to 100$ night be anticipated. The following series of surface active agent6 were tried in tho Bex 471 SHP fomula, ground at 0.002" setting on the 8" Kent nill. Paste consistencies are in seconds for 10 revolutions on the Stomer Using c 700 greo load and the special paste peddle. The amount of agent used was 1$ of the pigment weight. Agent None Acto 450 Acto 550 YJ Acto 600 Nuade Huonix Tergitol #7 Amcen C Clearato B 60 (2270) Hltranet #30 Amine EO Sncol TC Enac 101 )&3C0l 14 Paste Consistency 12.7 11.9 24.0 24.2 13.2 9.4 21.8 95.0 8.9 9.6 19.3 7.6 8.7 8.2 7.9 Grind Knc 90.5" 80.8 87.0 80.5 45.0 90.5 94.2 85.6 94.2 95.7 88.8 93.0 89,5 96.3 90.P Grind Paint Viscosity #3 Cu d 2-1/4 E 3 2-3/4 2-%)/4 2 2-5/4 2-3/4 2-1/2 2-1/2 2-3/4 2-3/4 2-3/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 O /.I 28.4 37.5 45 + 1/4 46.0 54.0 2e.a 51.0 65.0 29.8 31.0 50 + 1/L6 29.8 24.8 32.7 - 0007-SW P-045196 -4- M. VAN LOO C ont. S'-distinction between tho remaining pnnols is rather sarmrdsing sines the i' elooning methods varied from rough solvent wiping with. (3-43) to twonty fe pinutos of intormittont trich1 orothylone vapor dogrsc-sir-g. Enthano Clonnor is a oamnorcial cleaner nf tho omulsion g?: typo, probably consisting of a high boiling potrolouc. sclwent with an "t . emulsifying agent, 6-j,' ^177 , Cjigcbaji Studies <01 TTork continues on the study of whits ~^~~= opacity ffcotors. Data is given belts? illustrating the cp&srity officiency k. of additional pigments at various loadings. Opacities in Sq, Ft, por Pound Tablo 1 B.P.V.C. 19 dry BSV7L IQf. 20# 2E?S . 3C$ 19.5 ie,s 17,8 17 4C% 4i$ 15 14 18 dry BCHL 432 dry 35/65 FbZn. 45 1901 TiOj Anataso P050 ft 1*059 IV |*140 fl XX 503 ZnO n RC n RCHT 172 168 33 97 86 24,5 24 23 22 42,7 40,8 38.8 . :.s 155 137 120 103 151 134 117 100 31 30 28 27 96 93 87 80 92 97 88 78 r 22 22 75 SZpL 20,5 19,5 33 69 65 24 66 58 . . * it was notod thnt whoroas all tho other- pigments in this y inoroased in opacity officiency as a straight i --- frrsstion when TM H,P,v,C, was varied fren 40 to 10?>, 2140 dry and 212S. dry, rutilo Mtctawn oaloiun pigments, aotually foil off in officismry ns the H.P.V.C. |jt|,reduood 'below the level, Othor pignonte would rrwrx-bly funotion titb lowor TOlmo concentrations, TIo have a fs- measurements .,1405 dry Qnd 2173 dry thnt would indicato that tbsv lass efficiency * tho Sf. volmo level. 0007-SWP-045197 0007-SWP-000114568 V -5- M. VAN LOO Cont, fm - Cont. Seme work has been done to investigate tho manner in which soveral opacity pigments function together in i . 'ven pivint. The story is not too definite to date but indications are that tho offioiency actually represents a compromise between tho total HFVC and that of enoh individual pigment* For example* a series of SUP type paints pipnented various ly- with several lead, zinc, and titanium pigments gives tho following comparisons s Actual Hiding Pigments Contained Column 1* Column 2+* Sq ft?/gal 1403, 2269, 412, 18 2059, 18, 1538 2059, 18, 1538 2059, 9, 2132 4C6*** 450 533 380"** 383 357 407 339 428 398 419 371 2059, 9, 2132 Column 1 557 396 409 Theoretical opaoity calculating each pigment's efficiency nt its individual volumo ooncontration, Column 2 Theoretical opacity calculating tM offioioney f ach pigment at tho offioioney lovol of the total hiding pigmont voxumo. Values for thoso paints aro proportionately lowor d for tho othors in this oolumn booauso of the faot that tho l t tho 2132 dry aro individually prosont in tho formula at nf. Tn-hia that thoy fall bolow peak offioioney as dosoribod at tho bottom 1* All of tho above data has boon doteminod using a straight oil vohiclo. It is rooognizod that with difforont vohiolos a gxvon pig" aont will develop difforont opacitios# 1/ork is contemplated establish these vohiclo offocts# du Pont will supply rutilo titanium calcium Ti-Cal R 25 horcaftor in placo of tho Ti-Cal R 20 - 2142 dry - previously suppiioa. 0007-SWP-045198 0007-SWP-000114569 -6- M. VAN LOO Cont. ftl77 " Cont, Th new K 25 is reported to hfl.ro different characteristics from that suppling previously undor this same trade designation. Tabulated below are the results of our tests with this new material: Texture - Hoover Muller Test Hew Ti-Cal R 25 is similar in texture to the old 2142 dry, Ti-Cal R 20 which in turn is definitely bettor than current 2132 dry, Titanox RCHT* This new Ti-Cal R 25 is not as good in texture as the old Ti--Cal R 25, Trotting - Plastograph Test Hotting tests showed Ti-Cal R 25, lot 1601, to be just slightly slower in wetting than 2132 dry, RCHT, 2142 dry, R 20, is markedly'higher in vehicle requirement, Identical batches made with 2132 dry, 2142 dry and Ti-Cal R 25, lot 1601, respectively, gave the foHewing plastograph readings: Initial Peak Plasticity - Brabendor Plostograph 2 min. 5 min* 10 min. 20 min* mix mix mix mix 2132 dry -A . 2142 " 180 units 340 n 150 units 115 units 100 units 95 units 240 " 235 " 230 " 220 : " Ti-Cal R 25 **' Lot 1601 (now) 240 " 150 n 150 " 120 " 105 " Opacity Canparing Scai-Lustro formulas made with the new Ti-Cal R 25 as against 2132 dry, 2142 dry, and old Ti-Cal R 25, all wore found to bo equal in hiding. The Ti-Cal samples all wore between 398 and 403 sq ft/gal. 95 C*R,, while -the 2132 rated 414 sq* ft/gal. Brightness and Color . Brightness measurements on the abovo Semi-Lustros showod all paints to be practically oqual for brightness @ 85 - 86%, Color on all was similar, boing ratod at 10,3 - 11,6 on tho Hunter simplified color indox A-B G. 0007-SWP-045199 0007-SWP-000114570  7- Ji. VAN 100 Cent. #177 - Cent* Viscosity Paint viscosities of these pigments shew the new Ti-Cal R 25 to he quite dose to 2132 dry, having just slightly higher bodyj 2142 dry giving considerably higher body than either RCHT or the new R 25* Summary According to these tests, the new Ti-Cal R 25 will serve as a suitable alternate source for 2132 dry (not 2142 dry)* Chalk Discoloration of Rutile TiO.> Pigments A series of SIIP Gloss Whites have been made using blends of 1403 dry, free chalking anatasS TiOg, with various chalk resistant anatase and rutile titanium oxides to determine whether it is possible to formulate with chalk resistant types but not show the yellow discolor ation associated with the rutile titanium oxides, 2173 and 2269 dry* 18 days exposure in the TTeather-O-Motar give the follow ing results with the TiOg combinations indicated: Ti02 Portion of STTP Gloss TThito Pigmentation 18 days T7oathor-0-Hoter Yellow Discoloration Chalk 7$ 1403 dry 25$ 2174 dry None Nono 76$ n n 76$ it n 25$ 2229 " 26$ 2228 " n a n 50$ n 75$ n it 19 50$ 2030 T " 25$ 2147 " it n n n 50$ 50$ 100$ *i n r tt 19 it 50$ 2269 " 5C$ 2173 " Slight It None n it ti Tho TJoathor-O-Moter tests will bo continued to active chalking as the yollcw disooloratian reported with tho rutilo axidos sooms to appoar in the chalk* Outdoor oxposuros will bo mado to chock the accelerated tosts* i ( i i i 'i i1 .,/j \ ! * i i . 0007-SWP-045200 0007-SWP-000114571 -9- H. VAN LOO Cont.__ ^182 - Cont, is about doublo tho rate on the regular formula, grinding the color in tho ontiro batch, Tho uso of Aoto 450 in tho eolorod portion of tho posto doos not result in an appreciable ohango in production rate, but doos cause n reduction in the consistency of tho milled pastes. Acto 450 causos a small inoroaso in rate on tho white portion of tho pasto. If the oolored pigments were to bo added ns flush colors or color bases the grinding rato would bo inoreasod, but tho total cost would not bo lowered, duo to tho increased oost of the color bases, #163 - Studios in Flat Tfall Paint Formulation Paintcroraft 5-In-1 Intorior Pasto Point T7ork was oohtinuod on tho development of a Paintorcrnft pasto Paint and reducor to; ovoroano tho difficulties oxporioncod with wrinkling in heavy films of tho high gloss reductions in the Clovoland tests, Tho Varnish Rosearth Division subnittod pertain roduoing vornishos, as doscribod in thdir sootion of this roport, varying oil lengths, methods of preparation, and metal oontonts, Tho studios of drier con tents woro oxtonded to dotornino optimum poroontagos of notals to obtain satisfactory drying with minimum wrinkling in hoavy films, Tho rosuits of tho tosts to dato indicato that about 0,31$ load, 0,022^ manganoso, 0,022^ cobalt and 0,12/5 oaloitn produoos tho least wrinkling when usod in conjunction with CVB-563 (20-gal, Pentalyn ADohydrol varnish). In tho oaso of tho roduoing ve.roici.es, it was quito ovidont that tho shortor varnishos produced tho least wrinkling, However, wo havo solootod tho 20 gallon varnish CVR-563 for our use based on the moro desirable varnish length produced whan usod for tho onamol reduction, Sanplos of tho Pasto Paint and roduoor CVR-563 woro sent to Clovoland for tost, togothor with a nunbor of display panols dosignod to shew tho versatility of tho various roduotions,. tfork is boing oontinuod to furthor improve tho oontrol of wrinkling, aftor whioh arrangomonts v/ill bo mado for largor scalo tosts, Flatt ono Clovoland roportod that tho odor on snmplos of Flattone tlhite nndo with Shell's 8296 Spooial Minora1 Spirits and Bogular Baso #1 is of loss intensity than regular Flnttono mado with (3020) and (346), Aftor tho thinnors had ovaporatod, tho two samplas woro found equal with to a poet to odor, Sholl's 8296 Minoral Spirits and Regular Baso #1 roprosont Shell's doodorizod typo of thinnors. 0007-SWP-045201 0007-SWP-000114572 .10- II* > M. VAN 100 CONT. f!6Z - Cont, A nuaber of additional experimental batches of Flattens White were made on the laboratory mixer to determine whether ft satisftustory dispersion can be obtained without grin'tug, Bcwrever, to date we have been unable to obtain the same hiding as produced by regular milling. Easy wetting pignents such as RCBT-X have been used in place of 2132 dry, but it appears that grinding is necessary to obtain disper sion and to develop maximum opaoity. Tosts on Pliolite S-5 A sample of Pliolite S-5 Flat Wall Faint submitted by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company was compared with Flattono White and a laboratory batoh of flat wall paint made on the Pliolite formula S-103-100* Their sample had settled very hard and required considerable agitation to produce a smooth oonsietonoy. The Pliolite flat had sticky brushing, excessive flow, and lapped badly after six minutes. The uni formity of tint and sheen were considered rather poor. When the Pliolite Flat was applied over glue size, the washability was quite good. Based on our tests, wo do not believe that a flat of this type would be aooeptable to the painter trade. A sample of Pliolite S-5 Floor Enamel S-102-300 Tile Red was also compared with Porch and Floor Tile Red Rx 150 for brushing* flow and drying. The brushing properties wero found to bo quite similar to our regular Poroh and Floor. However, it would be difficult to do a good paint job as it was too short an wet odgo and lapped badly in less than five minutes. The Pliolite S-5 enamel sot-to-touoh in 5 minutes as compared to 42 minutes for Poroh and Floor Enamel. The Pliolite S-5 siwsol will be oemparod with Poroh and Floor Enamel for adhesion to con crete and abrasion resistance. Ensmeloid In a study of the effect of aluminum stoarate, 547 dry, *ad caloium stearate, 1026 dry, upon the Bottling characteristics of Rx 710 Enmaoloid White, a series of batches developed excessive seeding. Theso batches settled appreciably overnight, but showed no correlation botweon the varying amounts of stoarates present and the extent of seed ing. They woro foxmulated with 2147 dry. Titanox A 24, or 2229 dry, iuro R 510, ground in either (5109) or (4103). An enamel whioh shewed only slight sooding was obtained by grinding the "post-war" grade of 2220 dry, TiPure R 110, in (4103). In creased seeding resulted in this enamel with the introduction of 547 dry, aluminum stoarato. Tho offoot on seeding was in direct proportion to the amount of 547 dry introduoed. 1826 dry, ooloium stoarato, showed no 0007-SWB-045202 0007-SWP-000114573 - wT-nnf -11- U. VAN LOO CONT. m - Coat. tendency to increase seeding, These enema Is trill ha aged in the paofc&go and Tdll be checked for settling and seeding oharaoteristies at a later date. Viscosity inoreasod slightly with each addition of 547 dry, but was relatively unaffected by the addition of 1826 dry. Soe tablo of data below: Ex 710 Type Enamol Soap per 100 gal. Visoosity #3 orifioe 2228 dry in (4103) Grind (Hegman) Seeding 0 27.7 seo. 1 1 ^ 547 dry 2# 3# ir ft n 4# If tt 5# n n 1# 1626 dry 2# n tt 5# w If 4# n 6# n w 28,9 30.5 29.4 31.0 31,8 28.2 28,8 27.4 28.0 28,7 5-3/4 5 5 6 5-3/4 5-3/4 5-3/4 5-3/4 6 5-3/4 2 3 5 5 7 1 1 1 2 1 Seeding rated 1 for sligit to 7 for excessive. Porch and Deck Paints Panels 8097 through 8120 C were examined after 28 months *posure 45 south at the Chicago Exposure Farm. This sorias consists of _.^`ouP of tests of porch and dock paints an Kromik primod steel panels . kth pignontatlon and vohicle variations. This is the same group of joints which were also applied on Yellow Pine and Douglas Fir, on whioh "ports wore distributed under date of July 23, 1945. OOOY-SWP-045203 0007-SWP-000114574 -12- lGE_j^_Corvt M, VAN LOO Cont. trends: Jnspeotion of the steel panels shows the following 1. The forty-gallon ester gum Dehydrol varnish, V-11168, is approximately equivalent to the forty-gallon ester gum linseed varnish, AHV-3373, in rust control hut considerably superior in erosion control. .2 Rutile titanium dioxide with Micro Velva extender is the best pigmentation tried in either the Dehydrol or linseed varnishes. 3. The following pigaentations are good in either vehiole, (Note - This does not hold over wood surfaces)i Leaded Zinc - Uioro Velva Titanox RC - Magnesium Silicate Titanium Dioxide - Leaded Zina - Magnesium Silioate Lead Titanate - Leaded Zina r Ifegnesiua Silioato Leaded Zino - B.C.W.L.. - Magnesium Silioate 4. The following pigmentations are fair in either vehicle* Lithopone - B.C.W.L. - Magnesium Silicate Lithopone - Leaded Zino - Magnesiun Silioate Leaded Zino - Magnesium Silioate 6. Zino sulphide or lithopone with extender (magpesium sili oate) give poor performance in either vehiole, I #97 - SWP 471 Spreading rates and total film' thicknosses were oaloulatod for the series of exposure penels 10781 - 9 C, F described in the June . fsport, designed to evaluate the effect of variations of film thickness on durability. 1st Coat Reduction (Rx 471) 1 pint (2) i Pint (1294) 1 pint (2) - 1 pint (1294) 2" p`int`s (2) 2 pints (1294) Spreading Rate 1st ooat Total (Baaed on orig, paint vol) Film Thickness 444 sq. ft./gal. 467 " It n 684 " V tt 640 " ir n 664 " K n ,0039" .0038" ,0033" .0036" .0033" (continued on page 13) 0007-SWP-045204 0007-SWP-0001 L ... L____ -8- K. VAN LOO Cont. l?7 - Coni. At tho present time some substitutions of pigments for each other in Semi-Lustre have boen made based on their opacity index values determined in an oil vehicle. The Semi-Lustres ware quite close for opacity, and therefore there is some possibility that the index night be applied regardless of vehicle. #162 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Surface Active Agents A series of 900 gallon factory batches of Rex 701 - Enameloid Ivory wore earmarked for large scale testing of the relative efficiencies of varying .amounts of Acto 450, CW (2343). The necessity of clearing out factory overstocks, in advance of inventory, forced a break in this series after two batches had been run. These showed r. doubling of grind ing efficiency with the use of 1$ Acto 450. The batch containing 1$J of Acto 450 was ground at the rate of 124 gallons per hour as compared to the 65.5 gallons per hour rate attained on the control. A new scries will be required for continued study on this rex as future production will be on formulas replacing the vehicle NV 1734 with either (3109) or (2853)G. A screening of available grind aids I' being effected by a study of the change in Stormier consistencies brought about by the addi tion of 2% active agent to a Rex 710 type paste having a Plastograph consistency of 300 units. Acto 450 is being used as a standard, with agents performing as well or better being selected for further study. The present list of interesting materials follows, with efficiency factors expressed in terns of per cent paste consistency change: Agent Efficiency Supplier Acto 450 Amcen T Mixed Amyl Naphthenes &>col PL-50-3 Amino EO AM 113.5 C Emcol E0-50 AM 118.5 B -A& Coco--B AM Ac lie.5 C Arneen C AM Ac lie.5 B 100 Stance, Inc. 92 Amour and Company 98 Sharpies Chemical Company 99 Enulsol Corp. 104 Carbide and Carbon Chemical Co. 134 Armour and Company 13G Ehulsol Corp. 144 Armourand Company 148 '> it tt 161 it it it 165 it ii n 167 it rt n 0007-SWP-045205 0007-SWP-000114576 .'.i. VAN LOO Pont. jp 77 - Pigment Studies A bulletin is in preparation which reviews and illustrates the application of the opacity data which has been reported piecemeal in past monthly reports. This bulletin will bo circulated to the regu lar nailing lists. In the report for.July date was given which illustrated how a group of lead, sine, titanium paints developed opacity for the nost port proportional to the theoretical hiding calculated on the basis of the total hiding Pigment Volume Concentration. That work was extended to determine specifically how this proportionality night be expected to exist. It was found by studying rather simple mixed pigment paints that nith greater quantities of high opacity pigment in the formula the devia tion from theoretical is greater than when the quantity is lower. The following results are reported as evidence: Paint No. Pigmentation Theo. Opacity Actual in Sq.Ft./Ghl. Ctoacitv Ratio A/T RB 1705 122 by vol. 1403 dry 242 " 18 n 489 558 1.14 RE 170S 182 by vol. 1403 dry 182 ii 13 tl 551 640 1.192 RB 1707 RB 1708 242 by vol. 1403 dry 122 " 18 tt 62 hy vol. 1403 dry 142 " 412 n 102 " 18 tt 614 479 734 1.195 558 1.16 RB 1709 RB 1710 102 by vol. 1403 dry 102 '' 412 tt 102 " 18 Tl io2 by vol. 1403 dry 62 " 412 W 142 " 18 V 519 500 635 1.22 585 1.17 Several tests have been made to evaluate the importance and the magnitude of vehicle effects on pigment opacity. It is the conclu sion to date that the opacity of a pigment is markedly affected by changes from one vehicle to another. We do not know whether this holds rue proportionately for all pigments. There is some indication that it does not, but the results are not sufficiently conclusive to set up the pattern. 0007-SWP-045206 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. pjh-jr 70S - Enemeloid Jade Work on Bex 705 - Snameloid Jade has v>'!,n completed with a study of the effect of grinding each of the colored pigments, phthalocyanine blue - CP 558 and Hansa Yellow - 12105 dry, plus l/S of the white pigments 2140 dry and 2147 dry separately, with and without Ac to 450. An attempt sas made to counteract the bodying effect of the phthalocyanine blue CP 558 by concentrating the Acto 450 addition in that fraction of the paste, but no advantage was gained in going above 2$ Acto by weight of the pigment. Upon grinding the two-thirds portion of straight white pigment remaining in the formula and incorporating it with the colored fractions above, average grinding efficiency increases were found to be in the 100$ range listed in the July report. 31$ of this increase is due to the use of 2$ Acto 450, which raised the mill output from an average rate of 10.7 gallons per hour at 5-1/4 H grind on the 13" 3-roll Lehmann mill to 13.5 gallons of 6 H grind paste per hour. #162 - Studies in Flat Sail Paint Formulation Paintercraft 5-in-l Interior Paste Paint Additional work was done on the Paintercraft Paste Paint to determine the optimum drier combination to overcome wrinkling in heavy files of the high gloss reduction. A considerable number of drier com binations were studied, to determine the optimum percentages of metal required for satisfactory drying with the minimum wrinkling in heavy films. The results of these tests indicate t'at the percentage of lead nay be as high as 1$ but the manganese and cobalt should be hold at approximately 0.02$ metal. Factory batches have been made on the Seducing Varnish CV 7025 on the paste liquid CV 7024 for the above product. These liquids he used in the manufacture of 50 gallons of the 5-in-l Interior <yste paint which will be tested in Cleveland and Chicago on one or two J-wge jobs. New samples of ASP Clay No. 1 and No. 11 were submitted by ^cerce Petroleum Company for inspection. The two clays were tested 11113 b0<3y ^oraoberistics in the Paintercraft Paste Paint lOas a/ conPa:r*ed with the present inert combination of 566 dry and ,c^ Santo cel #45). The two clay3 wore found to be satisfactory *oay cut not equivalent to the present inert combination for "^ntaess. 0007-SWP-045207 0007-SWP-0001 X M. VAN LOO Cont. fifig - Pont. To answer an inquiry from S--TV, Montreal we have conducted a few tests to check the "ghosting" tendencies of Flat-Tone White containing 4Jo D.D.T. They'reported that experimental Flat-Tone batches containing 4,0 D.D.T. show rather bad ghosting. To check their results we selected o titanium calcium pigmentation and a lithopone pigmentation as repre sented by the Flat-Tone formulations dated 2-28-44 and 6-27-46. Our tests show only minor differences in "ghosting" between tho paints made with or without D.D.T. The titanium calcium pigmenta tion using regular (3880)E, however, was found to be quite superior to the lithopone pigmentation using the vehicle combination of CV 7014, (.1107) and CD (1996). Semi-Lustre Curing June an investigation was started to determine the reason for the drop in sheen of Semi-Lustre VJhite when formulated with rather slow thinners such as (l4l) and (3020). In connection with this investigation, we obtained a number of thinners with high to low Kauri Butanol values, boiling in about the same range as kerosene. As stated in the monthly report for June, it appears that a high Kauri Butanol value associated with not too high a boiling range gives the best results with the least drop in sheen. In addition to the data given in the Juno monthly, report, we arc listing a re-arranged chart covering the previous data end the evaporation time of one drop of each respective thinner from the sur face of a filter paper. In moot cases the decrease in gloss occurs only with tho slovr evaporating solvents . 0007-SWP-045208 1 i \ 0007-SWP-000114579 S a u l-L u s tre Sheen Versus S olvent C h a ra c te ris tic s M. VAN LOO Coat. ;fl62 - Coat. Enamels A Rez 710 Enamoloid White type formula with "post-war" grade 2228 dry Ti-Fure P.-110 in (4103) showed reduced seeding on all batches containing less than four pounds of stearate per 100 gallon formula after aging 30 days in the package. Settling ranged from none to slight with batches containing 3 to 5 pounds of calcium stearate, 1326 dry per 100 gallons, and showed the greatest stability. The bodying effects of aluminum and calcium stearates were equal at the tine of this observa tion, See settling end seeding test data below: Rex 710 Type .Enamel 2228 Dry in C&L03) Viscosity #5 Orifice Seeding Settling Soap/lOO Gal. Fresh 1 Mo. Fresh 1 Mo. 1 Mo. 0 27.7" 32.8" 1 1 V. si. Iff 547 Dry 28.9 Al. Stearate 32.0 2 1 SI. 2# " 3# " 4# 5# " 30.5 29.4 31.0 31.8 33.0 32.8 34.5 35.0 3 5 5 7 1 2 5 6 SI. SI. SI. V. sl. Iff 1826 Dry Cn, Stearate Zff " Zff 4// " 5# 28.2 28.7 27.4 28.0 28.7 33.0 54.3 33.0 34.5 35.0 1 1 V. sl. 1 1 V. sl. 1 1 None 2 2-1/2 None 1 2-1/2 None Seeding rated: 1 = slight to 7 = excessive. 0007-SWP-045210 0007-SWP-000114581 -13- &62_^Cont. M. vm LOO Cont. Drier Retention A comparison of the relative effects of Soligon and Ferro cdciun naphthenatoa on drying characteristics of Rex 710 Enamsloid Tliite is under way. Two-tenths of one per cent ,..'($) calciun naphthcncte ns calciun, based on vehicle solid3, ms added to the regular (3109) type formula for Rex 710.. Soligon calciun naphthene.to tended to body the enanel sons, retarded settling appreciably during the first neck of package tine, and accelerated, the dry-to-touch stage. Ferro calciun naphthenete promoted increased stability, but was less desirable then the Soligen product on every other score. Kerular hex 710 + Soligon Ca + Ferro Ca Viscosity - {}3 orifice 66 sec. 79 sec. 86 see. Dry-to-touch. - fresh 58 nin. 56 nin. 80 dn. Diy-to-tcuch - 1 ucok 60 nin. 39 nin. 70 nin. In tho course of a study of the drier retention characteristics of Rex 729 Enoneloid Black and Rex 467 SViP Black as affected by the pre sence of calciun or iron naphthenates, it ms observed that iron naphthenate had a definito and opposite effect upon the grinding efficiencies of these too ciateriels. With Rex 729 pigmented with carbon black beads 2019 dry, in AV 30, the presence of iron naphthenate retarded, the grind to the extent that only a 4-1/2 H grind was obtainable in 34 hours as against a 6-1/2 K grind on tho regular fornulation in 18 hours-of grinding tins. Tilth Rax 467 carrying carbon black 1728 dry in (2) and (2353)0., the effect on grind m3 reversed. The regular naterial produced a 4-1/2 H grind in 10 hours as conparod to a 6-3/4 B in the present of 0.1? calciun or iron naphthenate, as motal, in the sane grinding time. The nephthenates showed no advantages in drying. Floor test3 have been made in the basement of Building 531 com> paring Porch and Floor Enamel Tile Red - Rc 158 with Pliolite S-5 Tile Rod Floor Enamel 3-102-300 (0J 53 K) and Vinylite Floor Paint Red 1!?3 38 A. The floor ms treated rath 10? HCl and washed clean with water. The enamels were applied as two coat work without reduction, with 24 hours' drying between coats. 0007-SWP-045211 -14- M. VAN LOO Cont. ft62 - Pont- The regular Porch and floor Enamel was rated best for brush ing, the Vinylite poorest. The Pliolite S-5 enamel was quite satisfact ory for brushing but 7/as short on vat edge. The difficulties of obtain ing adhesion with Vinylite on an old concrete D"or previously painted were illustrated when the paint cane off in one practically intact sheet within a few 7/eeks. The film itself had good elasticity and tensile strength. 1164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection Attempts have been made to reproduce Titanium Pigment's low pigment volume Finish Coat House Paint - EX 4508. In connection Y/itfa this work the Varnish Research Division has supplied two processed oils based on formulas recommended by Titanium Pigment Corporation: CVR 573 (Titanium Pigment*; VM2182M7 limed oil) CVR 572 (Titanium Pigment's magnesium oxide treated linseed oil). Their limed linseed oil VM2182M7 is a very heavy bodied oil, actually a semi-solid at 35 to 40$ non-volatile. When preparing the paint EX 4508, we experienced considerable trouble in incorporating the CVR 573 with, the balance of the vehicle, due to incompatibility. Work has been discontinued on this formula until we receive further informa tion and samples of the Heat Bodied Linseed Oil (viscosity 680 - 720 poises) from Titanium Pigment Corporation as used for the preparation of their I.imed Linseed Oil VM-2182M7. #97 - SBP 471 The Varnish Research Division submitted three Z-2 to Z-3 bodied oils for evaluation in HTTP, comparing linseed and soya oils. CVR 569 - Linseed - (44) Body - 50 seconds, S-W at 75 F. Color 8-9 CVR 570 - Pittsburgh SO 500 Soya Body - 57 seconds, S-W at 75 F. Color 9-10 CVR 571 - Soya - (1273) + 0.3? catalyst Body - 56 seconds, S--9T at 75 F. Color - 10 0007-SWP-045212 0007-SWP-000114583 -10- (Cent.) A<mnt Paste Grind Kate Dry % In- Grind Time "' , ;i|1 Co,|,|lnL.-r.: Volume G.i\H. crease Henman Ratio Ac to 450 - CW (2345) 31.1 25.5 54.5 6 1.00 Rio Arateon-C 29.9 25.5 54.5 8 1.00 I'll, Dioctystyrol phosphonate 31.9 24.2 45.5 6-1/4 .73 UJ.; ifonocapryl acid 0 phosphateS2.2 Amine EO 36.0 AM 11S.5-C 52.4 AM 1181.5-E 31.7 23.2 25.2 20.5 20,2 40.5 40.5 24.2 22.7 6 6-1/4 6-1/4 6 nt l>U t.V) t'l.l Armeen T 33.2 19.7 10.4 6 W!.` 2-2-4 #1061 Diajqyl acid phosphate 34.2 19.5 31.7 ' 19.0 18.2 15.2 6 6 1 i !* 1 ti'.j Mixed amyl naphthenates Control 36.00 17.5 36.7 16.5 6.0 - 6 6 tut AM 118.S-R 38.4 15.9 6 AM Coco--R 36.4 13.2 6+ Dry time ratio = Drying time bateh/drying tine, control. Vl- #162 - Studies in Flat Pall Paint Forauls.ti.on t Pr.iQtercrc.ft 5-in-l Interior Paste Faint Factory batches of the Paintercraft 5-in-l Paste Paint were made for refinishing the general offices at Cleveland. The paste palm was reduced for application as c. flat wall paint and wall primer and sealer. The paints supplied include: 50 gallons CH 8040 - Pa.intercn.('i, 5-in-l Interior Wall Primer and Sealer shaded to cpproriiaately Scncreiji. Green, 50 gallons CH 8041 - Paintercraft 5-in-l Interior Flat White shaded to Sanerest Green, 30 gallons CH 8042 - Paintercraft 5-in-l Interior Flat White. In additional work to determine the role played by the solv<.,(|(| Used in Semi-Lustre as affecting gloS3, evaporation rates were run on same group of solvents previously reported in June and August. The re suits are shown in the data on the next page. 0007-SWP-045213 0007-SWP-000114584 0007-SW P-045214 0007-SWP-000114585 -12- VAN LOO Cont. Kauri-butanoi and gloss values arc repeated from previous reports for purposes of comparison. It is immediately evident that slow evaporat ing rates accompanied by low solvency power lead to I07/ gloss (viz., yosolene, Deodorized Apco 467, Amsco Retardsol), and even when solvency power is high, slow evaporation introduces a tendency toward lower gloss (tfelsicol 45). Drier retention After aging in the package over a period of SO days, Rex 723 Enaneloici Slack end Rex 467 SVJP Rack, show no evidence that either cal cium or iron naphthenate have any effect upon their drying rates, ,fl60 - Painting of Ericks A sample of Turesco Waterproof Paint manufactured by the Turesco Service Company of Chicago has been checked for waterproofing concrete block. Two coats of the Ture3C0 Hater Paint were applied on concrete building block and periodic checks were made for water seepage. The TUresco sample was found to be similar* in brushing but not as good in its waterproofing properties as Aquella or X-Titc. One of the weaknesses of this product is its tendency to crack upon drying in areas where a heavy coat is applied. An inspection was made on September 5 the TTaterfoil paints applied on March 20 to the south side of the new warehouse. The Tfciterfoil paints were exposed with Brick and Stucco TJiito - Rex 910, Gnlvite Paint White and Gray, Bonding Cement White, X-Tite (TJesco Water Prints), and too Korn-Tone paints formulated by the Emulsion Research Laboratory for exterior durability. All prints were applied as two coat work. At the and of 5-1/2 months' exposure, the Waterfoil exposures wore rated good in general appearance, and no chalking or washing was evident. However, Waterfoil, Bonding Cement anti X-Tite all showed some signs of flaking where they had been applied over cracked areas in the cement foundation. The lack of proper adhesion over these areas appears to be a weakness in this type of material. -However, the adhesion in general appeared quite good at the end of 5-1/2 months' exposure. The sample of Watc-rfoil prepared on the basis of the analysis of their material was rated poor in adhesion and in general appearance due to a large amount of flaking over the entire surface of the exposure. The lower rating for the oil typo paints is due to rust staining .and the adherence of dirt. 0007-SWP-045215 0007-SWP-000114586 -7- #102 - Pont. The Resin Research Department has furnished two samples of alcoholic solutions of "B" stage bis-phenol resin and of nB" stage butyl phenol resin as possible copolyoerizing agents with polyvinyl butyral. One sample of each had been dried in a partial vacuum under carbon dioxide, and one sample of each bad only that water removed which would float in a separatory funnel. When incorporated in a pig mented coating containing one part of PVB to one part of phenolic resin to one part of titanium dioxide and baked on a molded phenolic plastic, these BB" stage resins all gave slightly yellow finishes of poor covering power. The undried sample of bis-phenol was best and the undried sample of butyl-phenol was the worst from the standpoint of yellowing. However, all were far superior to Bakelite's EV 9700. Attempts to use a PVB - "BB stage phenolic coating as a primer under a vinyl copolymer top coat were unsuccessful, as the copolymer will not adhere to the phenolic primer any better than it does to the original phenolic plastic. Perhaps a varia tion in the curing and baking schedules of primer and top coat would alleviate this difficulty. At any rate, further investigation is indi cated. - Metal Protective Paints The Don Chemical Freeport plant has had some difficulty due to wrinkling when chlorinated rubber top coats are applied over excessively heavy primer films. In an attempt to be of some assistance to the Dallas Technical Service Department, films of special Kromik primerb were made in pigment-volume-concentrations ranging from 2556 to ?C$. The films were spread with the KL Costanzo doctor blade set at 0.005 , 0.008, 0.010 and 0,015 inches clearance, respectively. After the films had dried for 8 and IS hours, they were recoated with Vermilion Chlorinated Rubber Paint - Dow 151. . The results indicate that it should not he necessary to formu late this type of primer at p.v.c.'s above 50$ to eliminate the wrinkling of the top coat, thus avoiding rusting tendencies of primers at higher pigment loadings. Kromik at 50$ p.v.c. is above the line of critical permeability, but the relatively Impervious chlorinated rubber top coat may add resistance to rusting. To check this point, panels are now on test in 5$ salt spray.. #177 - Pigment- Studies Distribution of the opacity bulletin awaits the receipt of planograph reproduction of the individual pigment opacity charts. 0007-SWP-045216 0007-SWP-0001 -8- jSO.62 - Studios in Flat Wall Faint Formulation Curing the month the Resin Research Department submitted four bodied soya oils, as listed below, for possible use in Flat-Tone White. CV 4513 CV 4519 CV 4517 Body S02 Treated Soya 11* 56" Air-C02-S02 Treated Soya 7' 30" (S0-C02 Treated Soya ( + .5$ Catalyst 4* 21" Color 14 Dark 8 A. V. 10.8 10.4 7.4 Solids 100$ 100$ 100$ CV 4518 (S02-C02 Treated Soya ( + 1$ Catalyst 4* 37,r 11 0.0 100$ The special soya oils were used in conjunction with a small per- centage of zinc rcsinate, equivalent in length to a IOC gallon.varnish and introduced for the solids of (3880)E in the Flat-Tone White formula of February 28, 1944. In all cases where the special oils were used, the flats were short in flow and poor in drying characteristics. Based on the work to date, it does not appear that a flat wall paint can be made from this type of soya oil that would be satisfactory in drying, flow or washability. Pliolite S-5 Flat Work on the development of a flat wall paint based on Pliolite S-5 has been unsuccessful, due to sticky brushing and excessive flow, typical of vehicles of this type. At the suggestion of Goodyear's rep resentative, small amounts of water and a larger percentage of Apcosol 5 A were introduced to improve the brushing. The introduction of water produced a considerable increase in the body of the point .and it finally bodied to a paste consistency. Larger amounts of Apcosol 5 A had a tendency to thin the flat, but did not decrease the stickiness sufficiently for proper application. Enamels Studies of Settling and Seeding in Rex 710 Enameloid White. Two series of enamels have been observed in this study. The first made up with rutile Ti02 R-510 2229 dry ground in (3109) and let down on the regular Enameloid White Rex 710 (3109) - (4100) type formula, was originally rejected for the purpose of this Study as all items in the series showed what was considered excessive seeding when fresh. Amounts of aluminum and calcium stearate present in the various hatches that comprised this series ranged from 0 to 5 pounds per 100 gals. 0007-SWP-045217 0007-SWP-000114588 ft62 - Cont. -9- The same variations of stearate content were made in the second series of enamels using post-war quality 2228 dry fl-110 TiOz ground in (4103) and let down on the regular (4103)-(4100) Rex 710 type formula. During the course of this seeding study, it wns observed that seeding ratings wore reflecting a similar yet separate quality of film which could better be described as film texture. This is measured by the extent to which granular material breaks through the surface of a wedge shaped film, and can be differentiated from slight seediness by microscopic examination or by the fact that it has no tendency to grew upon aging. The microscopic method of analysis is over-sensitive, as with it n enamels studied rate seedy. We have therefore adopted the aging method, checking for evidence of growth either as to size or number of particles and labeling enamels demonstrating such growth, "seedy." With this system, the first rating of a given .000 to .003 inch enamel film is listed as "texture or seeding." Subsequent ratings are then listed either as texture when no growth is ovidanced, or as seedy when rating increases. Once an enamel is transferred into the seeding column, it will remain there. Seeding and/or texture are rated on a scale rang ing from 0 to 10, with a seeding rating of 5 or higher being objectionable. Upon adopting the above system of evaluation of seeding, inter est was renewed in the original test series prepared for this study. The results obtained from it are in agreement with those from the second series. Stearate Lbs. Type Fresh Texture or Seeding Seeding and Sett-linn Data 1 Month Texture Seeding Settling Texture 3 Months Seeding Settling 2229 dry in (3109)-(4100) type Rex 710 formula. 0 Seedy 2 Not rated 67 1 A1 2h 3 n 1' It 2-1/2 3 4 ii it ti ii ii 66 66 65 4n Jt 7 it it 10 3 5 fl ti it 63 1 Ca 1* 2 u* 43 2 n 2 it it 43 3n it 2 ii ii 32 4 ti 5" n n 3 4 "" it n 2 4 1 1 Ratings: 0 = None 5 = Considerable 10 = Very bad. 0007-SWP-045218 0007-SWP-000114589 B. niiinr J mi n -10- f\GZ - Cont.. Stearate " T.bs - Tyco ffrash Texture or Seeding Texture 1 Month Seeding Settling Texture 5 Months Seeding Settling Post-war 2220 dry in (4103)-(4100) type Rex 710 formula. 0 11 1 1 A1 2 1 2 2 31 2 S" 52 2 4 5 5 2 5" 7 6 1 1 Ca 1 1 1 2" 1 1 1 3" 11 0 4" 2 2-1/2 0 5" 1 2-1/2 0 1 1' 2 5 7 8 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ratingsi 0 = None S - Considerable 10 = Very bad. On the basis of these data, it is apparent that calcium stearate is superior to aluminum stearate both as to its anti-seeding and anti settling characteristics, when used with 2220 dry in (3109) and post-vrar quality 2228 dry in (4103). In both series, considerable to bad seeding had developed during 3-month aging with the presence of from 3 to 5 pounds of aluminum stearate per 100 gallons, while objectionable seeding was developed in no case during this period where calcium stearate was used. Throe pounds calcium stearate per 100 gallons does efficient work a3 an anti-settling agent as demonstrated by the enamel series using 2229 dry in (3109). The suspension characteristics of Dost-war 2228 dry in (4103) were so exceptional that the anti-settling character istics of the stearates in this series were largely obscured. The Harshaw Chemical Company has submitted six samples of various technical grades of aluminum stearate. These are being studied as to their effect on seeding in Enameloid White Rex 710 as compared with regular factory stock aluminum stearate - 547 dry and calcium stear ate - 1826 dry. Test enamels were formulated with 3 pounds of stearate and 270 pounds 2229 dry ground in (3109) and let down on the regular (3109)-(4100) type Rex 710 formula. 0007-SWP-045219 -11- p fig - Conti Full bodied material has been set aside to age at 100 F. and normal room temperatures, and a one pint sample of each item has been reduced 205? with mineral spirits (548) end is also aging at- 100 F. A list of the special cluninun stearate samples follows: Samole No.* Tech. No. 40 It n 27 If !t 72 n 11 101 tt 11 34 Type B Type Mono-stoarate Di-stearate !1 >1 It H Tri- " A1. laurate ' Al-,0,, 14.765? 7.78 9.B0 7.47 6.68 11.74 Free Fatty Acids 4.49# 16.49 6.25 11.91 24.43 9.24 The milling characteristics of all the special aluminum stear ate batches wore the sane as that containing stock 547 dry. illuninun laurate bodied excessively on the nill, and required milling to effect complete dispersion of the bodied paste particles on reduction. It also caused excessive body in the fresh c-nanel, but this was substantially reduced after aging one week in the package at 100 F. There was no observable growth in granular material during the first week. The relative efficiencies of cnlciun and aluminum stearates reversed thenselves as suspending agents under the conditions of this investigation. Calciun stearate samples showed very slight settling, aluminum stearate samples, none. Aluminum laurate showed more settling than calcium stearate in the full bodied material. In the reduced samples, settling characteristics were in the order of those of the full bodied series with the addition of slight settling where the mono stearate was used. Miscellaneous A sample of SRF Carbon Black, submitted by Bitco Chemical Com pany, was compared with 104 dry lampblack and 101 dry carbon black for color, strength and undertone. SRF Carbon Black is very similar in these respects to 104 dry and is especially indicated where a blue under tone is desired, at about half the cost of 104 dry. The Cleveland Tech nical Service Department is handling further evaluation. 0007-SWP-045220 0007-SWP-000114591 I- 1 -10- jgipg - Studies in flat Wall Faint Formulation Samples of the proposed Decorator's Color Mix Flat - H 8900 and the proposed tinting bases sent in by Mr. Oxley v;ere checked for general performance with the original laboratory development - OJ 817 J. Tests on uniformity, over surfaces such as Flat-Tone, Enaraeloid, Deco tint, glue size, etc. gave results similar to the original development. As previously pointed out, the uniformity of any flat wall paint depends upon the uniformity in porosity of the surface. The new Color Mix Flat H 5900 produced a uniform job on a sealed surface but varied in uniform ity of tint over the various products. On the other hand, these varia tions in uniformity were no greater than would be obtained with any com petitive flat or calcicoater we have tested to date. Semi-Lustre The Vehicle Research Department has submitted a tall oil modi fied (2957)E - CVR 618 for evaluation in the Semi-Lustre White formula of B-15-39. The modified (2957)E was used in conjunction with CVR 621 (blown soya) as a gallon for gallon replacement for regular (2957)E and (2351). In addition to the regular double strength lithopone pigmentation, a second modification was included based on titanium calcium. The laboratory batches based on these changes were very thin in body and very poor in drying characteristic, : On the basis of our tests it is quite apparent that a considerable improvement would have to be made in the drying properties of the tall oil modification of (2957) E before a satisfactory finish could be made from this varnish. The blown soya CVR 621 was also introduced for the (48) in the Semi-Lustre White formula of 6-25-46. The bodied soya produced a slightly higher initial body than (48) but after several days of aging the consist encies were very close. Properties such as flow, brushing, drying and sheen were similar to the regular. Settling and Seeding in Bnameloid White - Rex 710 A series of enamels has been prepared in which various titan ium pigments were dispersed in the regular (3109)-(4100) type Rex 710 formula and evaluated as to their bodying, seeding, and settling char acteristics. Each enamel contains 3 pounds of aluminum stearate per 100 gallons except as otherwise noted in the pigment column of the table of data below Observations were made on materials whon fresh, and after one peek's and one month's aging in the package at approximately 100 F. ull bodied and reduced materials have been studied, with results vary7^ only as to degree of settling. Data listed will therefore be limited 0 ^at gained from the full body materials. 0007-SWP-045221 0007-SWP-000114592 -11- All exhibited very satisfactory suspension characteristics, with Titanox A-HO 1901 T dry, and rutile Ti02 pigments R-200 (2175 dry), R-610 (2174 dry) and R-510 (2229 dry), showing only very slight settling after one month's storage. The most pronounced settling occurred in the 2229 dry stearate-free sample. Objectionable seeding is apparent in only two cases. They are 1405-T dry with 5 pounds of zinc oxide - 108 dry present, and the sanple formulated with Titanox RA-ilC. The reduced materiel from the rutile Ti02 R-61C, 2174 dry, showed a slight tendency to seed after one month's stoj'i age. Its seeding rating rose from a 3 to a 4, which is still not object ionable. The range from 5 to 6 would be considered objectionable. Excessive bodying is in evidence in both samples containing zinc oxide - 108 dry. Zinc oxide was incorporated with an anato.se and rutile type pigment for comparison with the zinc treated pigments Ii Pure R-610, 2174 dry, and Titanox RA-NC. I;- 's interesting to note that the zinc treated pigments fall into the group that displays satis factory body characteristics at this stage of the investigation. Experimental data is tabulated below: 1 Week 1 Month Vis. Seed- Vis. Tex- Seed- Settl- Vis. Tex- .Seed- Settl- Pigment Grind #3 ing #5 ture ing ing #5 ture ing ing 1405-1 106 6 82" 1 111" 7 0 145" 7 0 1403-t 6 1901-T 5 1901-RT . 6 2050-T 6 2147 6 2173 6 2174 6 2229 6 60 51 68 74 58 62 46 33 1 4 2 1 1 4 5 2 56 48 4 63 65 1 54 1 50 4 43 3 39 2 2 4 0 59 0 52 4 0 63 0 68 1 0! 59 1 0 49 3 0 46 3 2 40 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1-1/2 (Cont,) 0007-SWP-045222 0007-SWP-000114593 Vis. pigment Grind #3 Tex ture or Seed ing I Week Vis. Tex- Seed- Settl #3 ture ing ing 1 Month Vis. Tex Seed #3 ture ing Settl ing 2228 6 56" 1 Titanox RA NC 6 44 2 48" 44 2 2 0 48" 0 45 30 60 2229 108 6 56 6 71 2 c 79 1 0 2229 1826 6 31 1 43 1 0 42 1 0 iM fifita K iiiiii 2229 6 30 1 56 1 No Stearate 2 37 1 1 Ratings: 0 = None 5 = Considerable 10 a Very bad Test enamels using various special technical grades of Karshaw Chemical Company's aluminum stearates are shoeing reduced efficiencies for these materials along with regular factory stock aluminum stearate 547 dry, when compared to calcium stearate - 1826 dry as an anti-settling agent for 2229 dry in regular (S109)-(4100) type formula for Enaraeloid White - Rex 710 after one month's aging in the package. This is now in agreement with previous tests on the basis of which we have reported the superiority of calcium over aluminum stearate in anti-settling characteristics. The tri-aluminum stearate and two calcium aluminum stearate samples are equal at the one month period. A very slight bead can be picked 15) on the end of a 6" spatula by scraping the bottom of the can containing these materials. The bead is washed off by the enamel that flows from the blade. Di-stearates Tech. #27 and #72 show observably heavier beads but are rated 1, the same as calcium and tri-stearates as their differences are not sufficient to justify separate ratings jj when viewed from the standpoint of a practical evaluation of relative suspension characteristics. On seeding, regular aluminum stearate - 547 dry showed con siderable when fresh, but has improved slightly during the 50-day aging I period. Di-stearr.tes Tech. #37 and #72 showed a slight tendency to ' seed at the 1-week observation and wet back during the balance of the 1-month period. The tri-stearate Tech. #34 moved into the seeding column at the 50-day inspection. Calcium stearate continues to perform to the best advantage. 0007-SWP-O45223 ) i ! 0007-SWP-000114594 u. -15- #162 - Cant. Aluminum laurate promotes the highest viscosity, 40" S-W cup, #5 orifice at 75 F., but is not objectionable. See experimental data tabled below: Stearate Fresh Tex ture or Vis. Seed#2 ing Vis. #3 1 Week. Tex- Seedture ing Settling 1 Month Vis. Tox- Seed#3 ture ing Settling 547 A1 Stearate 39" 5 1026 Ca " 34 1 5# 1826 Ca" 34 1 A1 La-urate 50 2 A2 Stearate Tech. #40 41 2 " #27 42 3 #72 45 " #101 45 1 to 44 2 No stearate 31 2 Ratings: 0 = None #97 - SWF 471 33" 5 52 1 32 1 37 1 0 39" 4 1 43 1 1 41 1 1 48 1 5 1 1 2 33 2 0 56 5 0 35 3 0 38 2 0 39 2 0 28 2 5 = Considerable 41 2 '44 3 44 2 44 2 47 3 35 2 10 - Very bad 3 1 1 2 1 8 During the month the Vehicle Research Department have sub mitted two additional S02 bodied soya oils, CV 7028-2 and CV 7028-3 for evaluation in ST1,? Gloss White. The characteristics on each ore listed below: CV 7028 - #2 CV 7028 - #3 Body 56" G.H.V. at 77 F. 47" n II tl Color 7-8 8 A.V. 13.75 9.7 0007-SWP-045224 0007-SWP-0001 -13- f?177 - Pigment Studies The evaluation of the various samples of magnesium silicate extenders has been completed, with the following results: Residue Oil Hoover Texture Name 325 Mesh 100 Rubs 200 Rubs 300 Rubs (a) (b) (ft) (b) 3 X International ' 2.5C# 26.7 2-1/2 3 3 4 Asbestine MSK Talc, Loomis 0.09 28.0 3 4 4 4-1/2 Loomis #15 Micronized. 1.15 34.5 4 4-1/2 4 4-1/2 Loomis #151-A 2*10 36.9 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/4 Fihrene Dust Slight 35.0 4-1/2 5 5 5 (Sierra Talc Co*) trace Fibrene C 400 Trace 51.7 4 5 4 5 (sierra Talc Co.) Velvetone Talc .84 30.2 2 3 2-3/4 3-1/2 (Blue Star Hines) (a) Hoover texture. Readings in the- (a) columns represent the : break point on the Hegman gauge. (b) Hoover texture. Readings in the (b) columns represent the i break point on the Hegman gauge. Faints were made on the current SWP Gloss White formulation, substituting the magnesium silicates for the 20 dry component called for in the formula * The paints were ground in order on the 3-roll Kent mill without making changes in the mill setting* The character istics of these hatches are as follows: Paint No. Mg, Silicate Grind Viscosity Paint Paint Heerman Time Initial 3 Wks. Wti/Gal. Flow Gloss RB 1753 3 X Asbestine KB 1754 MSK Talc RB 1756 Loomis #15 micro niced RB 1755 #151-A 2 10 > 2-3/4 9' 3 9' 2 9*' 33" 24 i 8" 34 ,0" 41" 26" 36" 39.0" 37" 14*96 14.97 14.90 Good Excel. Good IJ Fair - tt 14.96 Fair - n (Cont.) 0007-SWP-045225 T: l . 0007-SWP-0001 -14- #177 - Cont. Paint No. Me . Silicate Grind Viscosity Paint Paint Herman Time Initial 3 Vfks Wt./Gal. Flow Gloss CO V-JI r-i SB 1752 Fibrene Dust 3-1/4 91 26.0" 2G" Fair - Excel. RB 1751 Fibrene C 400 3 9' 21.0" 21.6" 14.82 Fair - II *RB 1759 3 X Asbestine 2 *RB 1760 Velvetone Talc 2 9 davs 121 25.0" 37" 14.99 Good 13' 19.5" 22.4" 14.99 Good 11 II *Paints 1759 and 1760 were made separately from the larger group of tests. This would account for the difference in grind time and viscosity. In addition, photomicrographs were made at 200 X showing the representative particle characteristics of Uie various extenders. They indicate the following: International 3 X Asbestine. Very large particle size. Very acicular. Loomis MSfC Talc. Large particle size. Acicular. Loomis #15 Micronized. Fine particle size. Acicular. Loomis 151--A Talc. Medium large particle. Very acicular. Fibrene Dust - Sierra Talc Co. Fine particle. Acicular. Fibrene C 400 - Sierra Talc Co. Fine particle. Acicular, Velvetone Talc - Blue Star Mines. Medium large particle. Flat plates, #182 - Study of Tmnrnved Mixing and Grinding Practices Final screening tests were run on Rex 710 Ennmeloid White enamels lasing the laboratory Lehmann 11 inch 3-roll mill. The following active agents were used in the proportion of 1% based on the weight of pigment: 0007-SWP-045226 0007-SWP-0001