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Refractories SUPER SILICA BRICK SILICA BRICK FIRECLAY BRICK INSULATING FIREBRICK SUPER DUTY BRICK HIGH ALUMINA BRICK HI TEMPERATURE MORTARS PLASTIC REFRACTORIES CASTABLE REFRACTORIES FIRECLAYS NORTH AMERICAN REFRACTORIES CO. 1012 Nalional Gly E. 6th Bldg. * Cleveland 14, Ohio New York Philadelphia Boston BuRal Pittsburgh Cincinnati Chicago Detroit NORTH AMERICAN REFRACTORIES, LTD. 191 Viciofio Avenue, South Hamilton, Ontario, Canada FOREWORD REFRACTORIES n An The Backbone of Industry ## .Mi Mb {'Si" MT" 1 This pocket-sized booklet is intended To be a handbook for the user of refractories as well as a catalogue. The tables are designed to give complete coverage of all necessary information for the design and application of refractory materials. They have been thoroughly revised to give a maximum of data with emphasis on clearness and easy usage. This is a workaday booklet outlined for convenient reference in solving everyday problems. The refractory products covered are highly dim sifted'. They range from high alumina and super duty silica to low duty firebrick. For use in conjunction with these various types of brick, there is offered a complete series of high temperature mortars and ground fire clays. The proper one is available for any type of installation. Similarly, a wide variety of plastic refractories and castable refractories is described. The proper selection of these materials is quite important as service life is often determined as much by the mortar used or the refractory specialties employed as it is by the fire brick. The proper ties of these materials are tabulated for conciseness and clarity. The products described are backed by ample, proven resources which insure uniformity and availability for years to come. In each major producing district all of the important manufacturing processes are employed to produce refractories that will successfully meet the exacting service conditions of preseht day furnaces. All mining and manufacturing procedures are under regular laboratory control to insure the consistent, high quality of NARCO products. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword............. ..................................................................... 3 NARCO Brands of Fireclay Brick .................................. 6 Types of Fireclay Brick................................................... 7 Super Duty Fireclay Brick................................. ... .8-9 High Duty Fireclay Brick................................................ 10 Intermediate and Low Duty Fireclay Brick.............. 11 High Alumina Brick........................... 12-13 Silica Brick................................................................................. 14 Insulating Fire Brick...............................................................IS NARCO Brands of High Temperature Mortars...... 16 NARCOSET ........................................................................17 NARCO NO. 101............................................................... 18 NARCOBOND S.............................................................. 18 NARCO NO. 99 19 NARCOBOND L....................................... 19 NARCO-SIL........................................... 20 MT U SILICA CEMENT.................................. . . .20 Fireclay Mixtures................................................................21 Fire Clays .............................................. 21 NARCO Brands of Plastic and Castable Refractories.22 SUPER 505 PLASTIC.................................................... 23 505 PLASTIC ...............................................................23 NARCOLINE ............................................................... 24 Anchors for Plastic and Castable Installations........ 25 NARCO HEARTH............................................................26 NARCO BAFFLEMIX....................................................26 NARCOCRETE.................. 27 NARCOLITE....................................................................... 27 Chrome Specialties........................ 28-29 NARCHROME AIR SET MORTAR................... 28 NARCHROME HEAT SET MORTAR .......... 28 NARCHROME Plastic Refractory ......................... 29 NARCHROME Castable Refractory................... 29 Palletizing ..................................................................... . 30 Guarantees and Overshipments............................. 31 Standard Brick Sizes 2 1 _> Inch Series ................ 32-34 4 77 II 17 17 l.J 17 17 17 lJ I] ri ii 11 r TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Standard Brick Sizes - 3 Inch Series......................... 35 Other Standard Brick Sizes ..........................................36-39 Malleable Iron Furnace Bung Brick................................. 39 Cupola Blocks..................................... 40-43 Rotary Kiln Blocks.......................................................... 41-42 Typical Special Shapes.................. .42-45 Standard Silica Brick Sizes............................................ 46-48 Refractory Construction Data........ .................................. .49 Masonry' Bonds................... 50-53 Standard and Special Skewhacks..................................54-55 Skewbacks in Furnaces..........................................................56 Elements of Arches.................... ............................. - 57 Combinations to Form a Ring, 2 Sizes of Brick.. . 58-59 Radial Brick Formulas and Table. .............................. 60-61 Table of Brick Combinations Brick Required for Circles......................................... 62-81 Brick Required for Arches.......................................82-109 Geometric Formulas...................................... 110-111 Circumferences and Areas of Circles................... .112-116 Decimal Equivalents............... 117 Conversion Tables, length, weight, conductivity, etc........................................... .118-119 Temperature Conversion Tables.............................. 120-123 Temperature of Pyrometric Cone Endpoints............... 124 Furnace Temperatures............................................ 125 Temperature Color Scale.................................................... 125 Melting Points of Metals and Alloys................. 126 Melting Points of Minerals and Oxides........................ 126 Comparison of Tyler and U. S. Sieve Series. . .............127 Weights of Various Materials............................................128 Properties of Refractories................................................... 129 Glossary of Useful Refractory Terms........... .130-134 Six-inch rule....................................................... 136 5 BRANDS OF FIRECLAY BRICK A.S.T.M. Class Brand Process PENNSYLVANIA BRANDS Super Duty............... NARCO 71 .................. D.P. High Duty.................CRESCENT. ...... D.P., S.P., H.M. -CRESCENT-......... D.P. CRESCENT Bung . . D.P. Q.R. GLASS................ D.P. RELIANCE................. D.P. Intermediate Duty.. KING............................. D.P. Low Duty................. ELK STEEL............. H.M. KEYSTONE................ D.P. KENTUCKY BRANDS High Duly ASHLAND CROWN Sd\ ASHLAND EMPIRE CROWN H.M. ASHLAND HIGRADE .. D.P. Blast Furnace........... ASHLAND BF . S.P. ASHLAND BF TOP S.P. ASHLAND Bottom Blocks .................... D.P., S.P. Intermediate Duty.. ASHCO........................ D.P.. S.P. MISSOURI BRANDS Super Duty............... NARCO 68.................. D.P., S.P. High Duty......... FARBER.................... D.P. -FARBER- ...... S.P. FARBER Bung......... D.P. FARBER C................ D.P. FARBER F................ D.P. Intermediate Duty.. FFB................... D.P. OHIO BRANDS Intermediate Duty.. DOVER...................... D.P. Low Duty_____ BUCKEYE.................D.P., S.P. WIRE CUTS............ Extruded D.P. - Dry Press H.M - Hand Mode S.P. *= Steam Press TYPES OF FIRECLAY BRICK Fireclay brick are the industry'3 most important product because their wide range of properties fits them for use in a great variety of refractory applications. NARCO fireclay brick plants are located in Pennsyl vania, Ohio, Kentucky and Missouri where a wide variety of high-grade flint, semi-flint and plastic bond clays are available in the highest quality. In each dis trict NARCO produces a series of brands with various combinations of properties, so that there is always avail able a brand to meet successfully any service condition where fireclay brick are applicable. The properties of fireclay brick are dependent primar ily upon the types of days used, the proportions of the various clays employed and the process of manufacture. The grain structure, moisture content during forming, as well as firing temperatures and procedures also influence t lie final product. Hi 11k pi mini csl by the dsy pleas method tuc miituldc for a wide variety of service applications. The brick are formed under high pressures by sturdy mechanical presses which gives an excellent balance in the proper ties of the end product. The brick have good spalling and abrasion resistance and at' the same time have reasonable resistance to slag attack. They possess adequate strength and good load-bearing ability at high temperatures. The steam press method of manufacture gives a strong, dense product with a resulting low porosity. This tight, dense structure is highly resistant to abrasion and to the penetration of slags as well as chemical attack or solution by fluxes. The hand made process of manufacture has the special characteristic of high versatility. Small quantities can be made most economically by this process and tile of unusual size or complicated shape can be produced. All products are fired under strict control to give de sirable physical and mineral changes thereby producing strong, well-bonded brick. All NARCO brands of fireclay refractories possess uniformity of physical properties, workmanship and size of the finished product. / SUPER DUTY FIRECLAY BRICK Increased severity of service conditions in many mod ern furnaces has made it more economical to use super duty refractories rather than even the best high duty brick. With their greater refractor iness, outstanding spalling re sistance, high strength, con stancy of volume at high tem peratures and ability to with stand many types of corrosive slags, super duty brick offer the furnace builder a material for use under extreme conditions. Through extensive research, NARCO has developed super duty brands with many desirable properties to re sist a combination of destructive forces. In some furnaces super duty brick are used to line only the hot spots while in others the entire hot zone is lined with super duty refractories. The decision is based on, (a) cost per unit of product treated, (b) seriousness of possible failure from use of lower quality brick, ic) cost of interruption in operation, id) reduction in operating costs because of better process control and (e) insurance against unex pected interruptions. NARCO 68 and 73 are supplied in standard dry press sizes which method of manufacture insures uniform quality and workmanship. Hand made shapes and tile are available of equally refractory material thus making possible complete super duty installations. NARCO super duty brick are made of a blend of several of the purest and most carefully selected fireclays to insure a super product. In the process of manufacture, the clays are properly proportioned, ground to a definite grain sizing, formed, dried and fired by the most advanced, controlled methods. NARCO 68 is a Missouri product of medium grain structure. The high spalling resistance and slag resist ance, together with high strength, makes NARCO 68 suitable for a wide variety of service conditions. 8 1 SUPER DUTY FIRECLAY BRICK This brand is especially valuable where there is a com bination of high temperatures, active slag attack and spalling action. Such conditions occur in oil-fired or coalfired boilers operating at high ratings, glass tank port necks and uptakes, upper checker chamber walls and upper courses of checker brick, heating furnace roofs, enameling furnaces, and malleable iron air furnace walls and bottoms. NARCO 68 products are well known wherever super duty brick are used and have established many outstand ing service records under extremely severe operating con ditions. This wide spread use testifies to the excellent physical and chemical properties of this product which results in increased service life. NARCO 71 is a Pennsylvania super duty product quite similar to NARCO 68 in grain structure and also in its fields of greater usefulness. The excellent service records for NARCO 71 under adverse conditions were possible because of the high quality of this product* These records were compiled through many years of con tinued use by satisfied customers. NARCO 71 possesses a remarkable freedom from shrinkage at high operating temperatures which enables tight masonry construction to be maintained throughout the life of the furnace. This brand has found wide appli cation throughout the east since its early development for lining pulverized coal fired boilers, and especially in oil fired furnaces, many of which have been rebuilt from designs intended for coal firing. In this type of service NARCO 71 has not only proved to be decidedly eco nomical, but has also given excellent, uniform operating conditions. Other applications correspond in general to those where the prevailing conditions are too severe for high duty fireclay brick. In most instances where super duty brick are used, the selection of a proper mortar plays an important part in t he construction of the furnace. NARCO has developed sev eral types of mortars as well as super duty fireclay mix tures to meet the demands of the different conditions that may be encountered. 9 i NARCO produces brick of high duty quality in all the major producing districts thus enabling the furnace oper ator to obtain just the brick for his needs, in a minimum amount of time and at a minimum cost to him. This is possible through the scientific combining of numerous types of clay and variations in the processing methods whereby a series of brands is produced in each district possessing a range of physical properties to combat vari ous combinations of destructive forces present in in stallations. Fireclay brick are required to have properties such as high refractoriness, high density, constancy of volume at high temperatures and resistance to thermal shock, slag penetration, erosion, corrosion and abrasion. In one in stance the spalling resistance may be of prime importance in one part of a furnace while in another part of the same furnace slag penetration may he dominant. Proper selec tion of the various types of high duly refractories can materially lengthen the service life of such an installation. It is not unusual to use a high duty brick to withstand certain destructive forces present even when operating temperatures indicate the use of intermediate or low duty brick. Each of our brands possesses to the highest degree the particular properties desired. This high quality was developed by long years of close cooperation with the users of fire brick and the adjusting of the brick proper ties to suit exactly the service conditions to be en countered. 10 INTERMEDIATE AND LOW DUTY , FIRECLAY BRICK In general, when refractory structures are subjected to relatively moderate or low temperatures,brick of the inter mediate or low duty class give ] excellent service. They are strong, tough, dense and are especially resistant to abra ] sion and slag action at moder ate temperatures. Thus they find use in cooler sections of J boilers, upper parts of cupolas, cooler sections of both verti cal and rotary lime kilns and portland cement kilns, heat ing and annealing furnaces and many similar furnaces or ] portions of furnaces operated at moderate temperatures. Of course, both intermediate and low duty brick are J used extensively as back-up materials for high and super duty fire brick in a wide variety' of furnaces. The tough ness and abrasion resistance of these brick enable them J to successfully withstand all types of mechanical abuse from causes outside the furnace and thereby protect the weaker but more refractory inner walls. .] Low duty and many inter mediate duty fire brick are re sistant to damage by con tinued exposure to moisture .] and freezing conditions. Be cause of these characteristics they are used widely for un 1 derground Hues and founda tions which are exposed to ground water, and for the outside of furnaces, kilns and J chimneys exposed to the weather. In many industrial furnaces, operating temperatures ] often call for the use of low or intermediate duty brick but high or even super duty brick must be used to com bat the other destructive forces present which shorten the life of the refractories. ) 11 HIGH ALUMINA BRICK Increased temperatures and other severe operating conditions in many modern furnaces have made it neces sary to develop a material of higher refractoriness than su per duty brick. Refractories of the high alumina class can meet these more rigid require ments as they are progressive ly more refractory than fire clay brick in proportion to their alumina content. In ad dition to temperature resist ance, high-alumina refractor ies have excellent load bearing characteristics and an unusual resistance at alkaline slags. They also retain good spalling resistance at higher tempera tures than do high duty or super duty refractories. These outstanding properties enable high alumina brick to with stand the conditions present in the more vulnerable parts of furnaces. NARCO supplies four standard grades of high alumina brick with 50%, 60%, 70*7, and 80% alumina content. Each one possesses balanced properties which they retain under increasingly severe service conditions. NARCAL 50, with an alumina content of 50%, has a P.C.E. value of 34-35 which is more refractory than super duty brick. Other important properties are high resist ance to spalling and slag attack, high mechanical strength and excellent volume stability at operating temperatures. NARCAL 50 is used extensively in lime kilns of both the vertical and rotary types and in rotary cement kilns. They are also used in boiler furnaces, heating furnaces and forge furnaces where brick are exposed to rapid tem perature fluctuations and as top checker brick in glass tank regenerators where alkali attack is severe because of the high temperatures encountered. 12 r\ J j J J J J T j J ] J ] J J J HIGH ALUMINA BRICK NARCAL 60 brick carry these valuable properties to a higher temperature level. They have high volume stability in the presence of lime and alkali fluxes. These properties dictate use of NARCAL 60 brick in various types of oil-fired furnaces, lime kilns, cement kilns, and at the slag line of metallurgical furnaces, as well as in port walls, uptakes and upper checker courses of glass tanks. Many burner blocks for high temperature furnaces are supplied in NARCAL 60 quality. NARCAL 70 is furnished with still more refractory qualities to meet extremely severe conditions. Contain ing 70% alumina, this brick finds its widest application in the hot zones of rotary kilns producing lime, cement and dolomite. The texture is such that there is a rela tively low penetration by molten slags and softened clinker, yet it takes on and holds a satisfactory coating in cement kilns. ' i To complete the line of high-alumina brick, NARCAL 80 is produced to meet the most extreme conditions that can be met by diaspore-base materials. It has extreme refractoriness and resistance to shrinkage and to fluxing action. . ; j NARCAL X brick are manufactured by a special process using a considerable amount of fused alumina as their base material. This com bination yields excellent re sistance to abrasion with high refractoriness, high strength and excellent volume stabili ty. These brick are well suited for numerous applications such as hearths of various types of heating furnaces, forge fur nace hearths, slag lines and areas of mechanical abuse in soaking pits, and the various parts of glass tanks where the attack from volatile alkalies is severe. 13 SILICA BRICK The properties which make silica refractories so desirable are excellent load bearing ability, freedom from shrinkage at high tem peratures, high mechanical strength, high refractoriness and rigidity almost up to the melting point. NARSIL is a super duty silica brick developed to meet the demand for a silica refrac tory that would permit higher furnace temperatures, and longer service life. NARSIL is of maximum purity and runs from 60 ' to 10O'1 F. higher in refractoriness under load at elevated temperatures than regular silica brick. NARSIL brick are used largely in roofs of open hearth furnaces wlu ie there is an oveiall reduction both in the number of brick per net ton of steel and a reduction in refractories cost. M r U silica brick are well known wherever silica brick are used due to their excellent service records. They are made from carefully selected raw materials and manu factured under strict control to insure the highest quality silica brick. The firing is car ried out at extra high temper atures which are held several days to secure thorough con version. The extra heat treat ment is costly but it insures volume stability under operating conditions. Some typical applications are open hearth furnace walls and roofs, electric arc steel furnaces and by-product coke ovens. Silica is also used in glass tank superstructure walls and caps, copper reverberatory and refining fur naces, and gas retorts. NARCO's silica Ticknor checkers are giving unusually good service in glass melting furnaces. INSULATING FIRE BRICK NARCO, acting as distributors for a leading manu facturer, offers six types of insulating fire brick for fur nace construction. This complete line is designed for temperatures from 1600 F. to 2800 F. The selection of any one type depends mainly upon the maximum tem perature to be encountered in service. All types run be used diicetly exposed in equipment Sired with gas, oil, electricity, or powdered fuel. However, insulating fire brick should not be used where they are exposed to molten metal and slags or severe mechanical abrasion. When these conditions prevail, insulating fire brick should be used as back-up insulation. Insulating fire brick improve furnace operation by: 1. Reducing fuel costs 2. Speeding production 3. Insuring more accurate temperature control 4. Simplifying furnace design 5. Reducing construction costs 6. Quieting furnace noises The brands A-16, A-20 and A-25 are used where maxi mum service temperatures reach 1600 F., 2000 F., and 2500 F. respectively. Kmown as light duty brands, they are most effective where lightness of weight and high insulating value are of prime importance. The three brands A-23, A-26 and A-28 are used where maximum operating temperatures are 2300 F., 2600 F. and 2800 F. These heavy duty brands are capable of withstanding heavy loads and are particularly suited for any type of exposed face service where slagging and abrasion are not paramount. 15 A ii ? <bS .5 u- Mj"V5 3O m2 %n te. <(- e O Sfie, 3r! z 0 z 5u z o GO UJ cc 3 I<- afUiC.i (0 ZP a a<. X5 02 X Sa. Q z aC<sQ 16 Q & P C/J U If XX X U u, wi if2 "E T3 5v JcD31G CJ e r*ysfl * c O ,TaJ ~s O J ,, (j U a ^ *eag- pcuv 8 *3 z t U CQ o 5- . w >< <K<J uU wKw kk u. 5 u. IA NARCOSET NARCOSET is an air-setting high temperature bond- < ing mortar which is shipped in wet form. It bonds brick- i work securely from normal room temperature to 3000 F. and is recommended for lay ing fireclay, super-duty fire clay, high alumina and insu lating fire brick. NARCOSET is composed of the highest grade clays and calcines which enables it to withstand high J temperatures without shrink ing, cracking, softeningoroverfiring. Comparatively thick joints may be used without J difficulty because of these properties. NARCOSET is ready mixed J and is supplied in a uniform consistency that is perfect for the average troweled joint. If dipped joints are de sired, it may he thinned with water to the proper con J sistency. Its ability to retain moisture, even in contact with very porous materials such as insulating fire brick, is an invaluable aid to proper bricklaying. NARCOSET is designed to meet severe service con ] ditions, combat spalling, hold a wall in place under extreme temperature conditions, keep joints tight, hold heat in and cold air out. Every property that has a ] bearing on furnace life has been developed to an ex tremely high degree in harmony with all others. NARCOSET is manufactured under the most modern ] methods known. All ingredients are proportioned by modern devices and milled in equipment designed es pecially for this particular manufacturing operation. ] These procedures coupled with rigid control testing insure that every shipment arrives on the job, in excellent condition and ready for use. J NARCOSET, the finest of air-setting bonding mortars, is shipped in all-metal, air-tight drums in 50-, 100- and 200-pound sizes. ]n NARCO NO. 101 NARCO NO. ff r NARCO No. 101 is a dry, air-setting high temperature bonding mortar which, when mixed with water, is similar to NARCOSET except for a slightly modified dry strength. It is manufactured from simi lar high grade materials and, therefore, is similar in refrac toriness, workability, freedom ; a hv; mm from shrinkage and resistance to slagging. It is used widely for laying lire brick wherever a dry mortar is preferred. NARCO No. 101 is shipped dry but comes as close to pos sessing the desired properties of a wet air-setting mortar as it is possible to secure. NARCO No. 101 is shipped in 100-lb. burlap bags with waterproof paper linings to insure arrival on the job in excellent condition. To use, it is only necessary to mix the dry mortar thoroughly in a tight mortar box, and add sufficient clean water fur the desired consistency. NARCO No. 101 is easily applied and begins to set very soon after it is applied, forming a strong bond be tween the brick. This bond is maintained at industrial furnace temperatures. NARCOBOND S NARCOBOND S is a dry, air-setting mortar with a silica base, suitable for use with silica or fireclay brick. It possesses air-setting properties similar to NARCO No. 101 except that the air set is secured somewhat faster and the strength developed slightly greater. It has high resistance to abrasion and to some fluxes and so finds exceptional use under certain special conditions. NARCOBOND S is shipped in 100-lb. burlap bags with waterproof paper linings. XB [ :j ii T.] ri NARCO No. 99 is a dry, heat-setting mortar of the highest quality with the maximum of refracforinpss. A blend of selected raw and cal cined clays plus correct grain sizing gives the mortar a de sirable balance of properties. NARCO No. 99 possesses negligible shrinkage, has ex cellent workability and great resistance to solution and at tack by slags. It develops a satisfactory bond above 2200 F. and finds its greatest use between that temperature and 3100 F. which is the practical limit of most fuel-fired indus trial furnaces. It finds special application in piers, division walls of boilers and furnaces, baffles, division arches and target walls where soaking heats are encountered and extreme refractoriness is demanded. It is also used widely in furnaces where alkali attack is severe. NARCO No. 99 is shipped in 100-pound, waterproof, paper-lined, burlap bags to insure safe arrival on the job. Since it contains no air-setting ingredients, it may be stored indefinitely without change. To use, it is necessary only to mix it with clean water and permit a short time for slaking of the plastic clay. NARCOBOND L NARCOBOND L is a hydraulic-setting mortar for use up to 2400 F., and is well suited for use in flues, stacks, foundations and similar parts of furnace struc tures, especially where water may be present during emergency conditions. NARCOBOND L is shipped in burlap, paper-lined bags, ready for use after mixing with water. In order to develop the full strength of the mortar joint the brick should be soaked in water for a short time before use. NARCOBOND L should be stored in a dry location and kept free front moisture and high storage temperlures. 19 NARCO-SSL NARCO-SIL is a super silica mortar used in conjunc tion with regular Mt U silica brick or NARSIL super duty silica brick wherever fur nace cond i t ions are very severe. ti if^ ' 3 * * It has unusual balanced prop erties such as maximum re fractoriness, excellent work ability, high resistance to slag erosion, negligible shrinkage, good bonding characteristics and high load-bearing ability. It contains no fire clay or siliceous clay whatever, but makes use of other special in gredients to give it outstand ing plasticity and bonding power. NARCO-SIL possesses ex cellent workability shown by a very satisfactory water retention period and at the same time excellent body and freedom from stickiness. These properties plus good bonding characteristics and resistance to erosion make NARCO-SIL well suited for service in open hearth fur naces operating at the highest rates. These same proper ties, plus a chemical composition practically identical to that of the best silica brick, give longer life to caps and upper structure of glass tanks. NARCO-SIL is shipped in 100-lb. burlap, paper-lined bags. To use, it is only necessary to mix with clean water to the desired consistency. Mt 0 SILICA CEMENT Mt U SILICA CEMENT is produced in two grades, coke oven and open hearth, which are standard mortars for laying silica brick. Mr U Coke Oven Cement is also used in glass tanks as well as in coke ovens. Both grades possess high refractoriness and good working properties. These products can be troweled easily, and are also used satisfactorily for dipped joints. They develop a strong ceramic bond when heated to furnace operating temperatures. They are supplied in bulk or multi-wall paper bags of 100-lb. capacity. 20 ^NARCO FIRECLAY MIXTURES FIRECLAYS AND CALCINES FIRECLAY MIXTURES: When service conditions in furnaces are not severe, fireclay mixtures offer the most economical mortars with a balance in properties to give good furnace construction. They are highly refractory, reasonably low in shrinkage, possess good bonding charac teristics at high temperatures and have good workability. These/ mixtures are avail able in multi-wall paper bags although, if desired, mixtures can be shipped in bulk. NARCAL HIGH ALUMI NA MORTAR MIX is de signed for use with 50%, 60%, and 70%. alumina-diaspore fireclay brick. It is the lowest priced material recommended for use with high alumina refractories. NARCO SUPER FIRECLAY MIXTURES are pre pared for use with super duty fireclay brick as the most reasonably priced mortar that can be recommended for this type of brick. There are special PLASTIC CLAY-FLINT CLAY MIXTURES for use with high duty fire brick to avoid the shrinkages encountered with straight plastic fire clay and yet have a mortar of excellent plasticity and body. RAW FIRE CLAYS: NARCO offers a wide variety of raw, ground fire clays which may be used for mortar. The diversity of clays available permits the selection of those with the desired properties of'refractoriness, dry and fired strength, and bonding characteristics. CALCINED CLAYS: Various calcined fire clays are available for furnace work and for preparing ceramic bodies. These may consist of ground and screened high duty fire brick or of calcined virgin flint clay of high quality. They are shipped in heavy multi-wall paper bags or, if desired, may be shipped in bulk where extreme economy is necessary. 21 PLASTIC AN D CASTABLE REFRACTORIES 5s g5 si- 2c S * <S5* 2Me bto g-| *l .c-* **gu- tL K D u uu a fi3.S.Hc PE * u V 1/ C JZ * <G9 eS Jt-Zi Po.u og C0 Cu-> EJ o G*t8-o* 1* "io S> o S2 "u S I 5 C1 1TO s!> cG~y5 *:?$ v? TO a " . fi-SE co 5! oC E j< co 5 fc TMJ b f'- S'* So 2*C*L | s4 *uG *w-< *TLjO> g5 fCel ,,^ u*=j oi; yTO get: !. C'M I c *2 o JW ** E B g GG UGoSSfi 3u it : j TO c eg r. oc +o* CG # G -SOSSfi syv3 Em-5> ., fc 2ftj Vu -G-- c JS3i *g J-5 |g a5 T3 wc? o - 2 8 E E-a i2 !*- %bJ gMli gO -HTO sJ Q Z < CC Uol<fy, pW pw c U 3P u 2 J Ou OC < 2 2 2S GH 03 UK u CK< < W << 2 X 2m L L [ l [ l l [22 ARCO PLASTIC REFRACTORIES NARCO plastic refractories are available in two grades: NARCO 505 for moderate and high duty service, and NARCO SUPER 505 for i,, more severe operating condi tions. Both grades are ready- to-use refractory materials in plastic form suitable for re pairing furnace walls and for building monolithic linings in boiler settings, heating and annealing furnaces, forge fur naces, ladles and forming burner blocks or other special shapes. Both NARCO 505 and NARCO SUPER 505 are composed of the best grades of raw and calcined clays ob tainable and are compounded to give maximum service and ease of installation. NARCO 505 is intended for use in those places where high duty fire brick would ordinarily be adequate. The plastic form of this material makes it adaptable for economical patching and lining construction where it is not practical or convenient to use standard fire brick. NARCO SUPER 505 can be used under the most severe furnace conditions. It has a refractoriness and composition similar to that of super duty fire brick and thus is designed for use in applications beyond the limits of NARCO 505 PLASTIC. It serves the purpose of patching and repairing installations where appreciably higher refractoriness is necessary. These products are shipped in easy-to-handle, 100-lb. cartons and sealed in newly-developed, moisture-proof plastic envelopes to retain the special workability in corporated at the plant. Before packing, the plastic re fractory is cut in convenient slabs two inches thick. Estimate 135 pounds of NARCO 505 or 145 pounds of NARCO SUPER 505 PLASTIC to form a cubic foot. 23 NARCOLINE Slag resistant plastic refractory NARCOLINE is a slag-resistant plastic refractory which is at its best when in contact with molten metal or in applications where reduc ing conditions exist. NAR COLINE has proven ex ceptional when used in foundry ladles, spouts and blast furnace runners | or wherever high re sistance to solution from many types of slags is necessary. NARCOLINE is composed of super duty materials and possesses balanced properties which insure excellent service life. Only the very best raw materials are selected for this product and arc combined in such a manner as to insure ease of installation and close packing to produce maximum density. This product is manu factured under strict plant control and a workability range can be provided from very stiff for air hammer in stallation to very soft for hand placing. Although NARCOLINE gives its best results in a re ducing atmosphere, when it is exposed to strongly oxidiz ing conditions the properties of this slag-resistant plastic are those of super duty plastic with all of the high refrac toriness and excellent resistance to slag attack and spalling of the best of that class of product. NARCOLINE is shipped in casy-to-liandle 100-lb. car tons. The plastic is cut into 2-inch slices which facilitates installation. NARCOLINE is sealed in newly-developed, moisture-proof plastic envelopes which retain the special workability incorporated at the plant. For estimating purposes, allow 145 pounds of NARCO LINE for each cubic foot of lining. 24 .rs ; ANCHORS FOR INSTALLATION OF PLASTIC AND CASTABLE REFRACTORIES Shown in the above illustration are various types of anchors and how they are used in a typical wall and flat arch. The refractory anchors shown are designed for high temperatures and severe service conditions. The anchor tile may be installed using either the refractory box mounted in the wall or metal clips. Both methods allow flexibility of movement in service and also allow the anchor tile to he readily replaced. The metal anchors shown are flexible in application, easily installed and free to move during expansion and contraction of the walls or arches. Their use in mono lithic furnace walls insures safe, strong construction. 2S NARCO CASTABLE REFRACTORIES NARCO produces four types of castable refractories for a wide variety of applications. These are mixtures that arc shipped dry and are to he mixed with clean water, cast in place and cured for ap proximately eighteen hours to develop strength. They may then be dried and fired similar to any other refractory. NARCO HEARTH is a medium-grained product de veloped for wide use under severe service conditions up to 2700F. Raw materials for this product are carefully blended to give ample refrac toriness, negligible shrinkage in service, good strength and reasonable resistance to spalling and abrasion. It is de signed for use in large sections such as floors, sidewalls, arches and doors of large furnaces. At the same time, it is equally suitable for construction of smaller furnaces, ash pits, car slabs for tunnel kilns or heat treating fur naces or for the repair of worn sriots in furnaces operated up to 2700'F. NARCO HEARTH is shipped dry in 100 lb. water proof bags. Allow 120 pounds of NARCO IIEARTH for each cubic foot of construction. NARCO BAFFLEMIX is a similar product with a top operating temperature of 2700 F. but is furnished in a finer grain size so that thin sections may be cast easily. NARCO BAFFLEMIX is especially suited for casting baffles around boiler tubes, for forming thin door linings, for dental furnaces and other small heating devices. It is also convenient for forming complicated shapes and tile for emergency repairs or special construction. NARCO BAFFLEMIX is also shipped in 100-pound waterproof bags anil requires 136 pounds per cubic foot of construction. 26 NARCO CASTABLE REFRACTORIES NARCOCRETE is an insulating castable with a hydraulic-setting action which permits rapid utilization after casting in position. Com posed of an insulating aggre gate, this castable when fired in place has two outstanding advantages in insulating value and light weight. When these considerations are important in service, NARCOCRETE is recommended and may be -v used up to operating tempera tures of 2450F. 1 V-v ;*5 NARCOCRETE is espe cially valuable for heat-re taining doors and for provid ing a smooth insulating layer ____ for foundations of furnaces, tunnel kiln cars and annealing furnace cars. In such cases heat losses are reduced and uniform temperature conditions promoted. NARCOCRETE is shipped in 50-lb. waterproof bur lap hags. For estimating purposes, allow 70 pounds of NARCOCRETE as shipped for each cubic foot of fur nace wall. NARCOLITE is a lightweight castable refractory with a density of 50 lbs. per cubic foot. Some typical applica tions are lining hot air Hues, upper walls, arches and doors of annealing and tempering furnaces, glass lehrs, domestic heating furnaces, air preheaters, oil refining units and waste heat boilers. In each of the above in stallations NARCOLITE is valuable because of (a) its good insulating value, (b) its low density thus requiring only small supporting members, fc) its low heat capacity and quick heat-up to operating temperatures, (d) its vol ume stability and (e) its excellent workability and ease of placing. This material is used wherever the top temperature docs not exceed 2000F. and abrasion or serious fluxing action is absent. It is shipped in 50-pound bags and can be installed by molding, casting, troweling or spraying. 27 I CHROME SPECIALTIES NARCHROME MORTAR (Air-Set) NARCHROME MORTAR (Air-Set) is an air-selting, high temperature bonding mortar with a chrome ore base. The only preparation necessary is mixing with clean water to the consistency de sired. thereby obtaining a mortar excellent for laying or coating all types of basic brick, as well as clay and high alumina, when these are in contact with highly corrosive slags or oxides. NARCHROME MORTAR (Air-Set) has excellent work ability and suspension charac teristics along wills a high re fractoriness and good bonding strength which properties are desirable for numerous applications over a wide tempera ture range. The air-setting ingredients, after drying, form a strong bond until a ceramic bond is developed at higher temperatures. NARCHROME MORTAR is supplied in dry form and is shipped in 100-lb. bags. NARCHROME MORTAR i Heat-Set) NARCHROME MORTAR (Heat-Set), with chrome ore as its base, is a chemically neutral high temperature mortar of maximum refractoriness. This high refractori ness imparts maximum resistance to basic and ferrous slags. It possesses a small amount of air-set but depends chiefly on high temperatures to obtain its permanent set in service. NARCHROME MORTAR (Heat-Set) has high water retention and good plasticity which makes it ideal for all types of troweled joints. It is also widely used for patching small holes in furnaces or in NARCHROME PLASTIC. Strong adhesive characteristics make this mortar very suitable for bonding and spray-coating all kinds of refractories. Furnished dry in 100-lb. bags, it requires only the addition of water before using. 28 L1 H1 II ] El ] I] 1] [] l1 i 1] J ] 1 ] ] ] CHROME SPECIALTIES NARCHROME PLASTIC REFRACTORY NARCHROME PLASTIC REFRACTORY is a neu tral chrome product supplied in the plastic condition, ready to use. Strength and hardness are developed upon air drying with strength being further increased when the plastic is heated to high tem peratures. This plastic pos sesses good grain sizing for maximum density and the re quired plasticity to be ram med into place. The hard, dense, finished surface is highly resistant to a wide variety of slags and mechanical abrasion and thus finds wide usage in installa tions such as rammed bottoms of soaking pits, heating furnaces, heat-treating and forging furnaces, and walls and bottoms of pulverized coal-fired boilers. NARCHROME PLASTIC REFRACTORY is fur nished in 200-lb. steel drums. Approximately 195 pounds are required to ram a cubic foot. NARCHROME CASTABLE REFRACTORY NARCHROME CASTABLE REFRACTORY is a chrome ore base, hydraulic-setting material which is recommended for temperatures up to 2850F. To use, mix with clean water to the desired consistency and then pour like concrete. Like NARCHROME PLASTIC REFRACTORY, it has excellent resistance to chemical attack by fluxes, basic slags and molten metals and may be used for patch ing walls and floors of NARCHROME PLASTIC. It may be used for walls and floors of water-cooled boiler furnaces and lower walls and hearths of heating furnaces where high iron oxide slags normally cause severe erosion and abrasion. NARCHROME CASTABLE REFRACTORY is sup plied dry in 100-lb. bags and about 185 lbs. of material is required to cast one cubic foot of lining. 29 PALLETIZING NARCO is equipped to furnish refractories on pallets to users who desire such shipments in order to facilitate the unloading and handling of refractories by mechani cal means. Loaded pallets are shipped in box cars employing either of the two carloading systems in general use. Under the floating load system the pallet loads are secured in units by means of wood end gates bound with heavy steel strapping to provide the utmost stability of the load while in transit. Where the fixed load system is employed the wood end gates arc dispensed with and the pallet loads are compactly placed in the box car with loose (unpallelized) brick packed in the open space in the doorway of the car to stabilize and prevent shifting of the load enroute. Pallets and gates are returnable and a full credit allowed wh en they are returned in usable condition. The standard pallets are 36" x 48" in size and have three 2" x 2' >" runners. The capacity of such a pallet ranges from approximately 450 to 500 - 9" equivalen t in fire clay and silica refractories, depending on the weight factor of the type of refractory involved. 30 r\ GUARANTEES > NARCO uses extreme care throughout every phase of production and distribution of its refractories in order to furnish only high quality materials which in its judg ment is best suited for the purposes for which they ^re intended. j The consumer will find it advantageous to seek and select the material which will give him the best results and to exercise care and discretion in the use of the rqa- terial which he receives. \ In the sale of refractories, no performance guarantees are made, since the manufacturer has no control over the conditions towhich his products are subjected -in service. ! SIZE DEVIATIONS When tested in accordance with Standard Method C-134 of the American Society for Testing Materials, nine-inch series brick shall not show a size variation of more than plus or minus two per cent. Tile or shapes shall not show a size variation of more than plus or minus two per cent on dimensions of four inches or over, and plus or minus three per cent on dimensions smaller than four inches. WAR PAGE Ninety-five per cent of the tile or shapes shall not show a warpage of greater than one per cent of the diagonal measured when tested in accordance with A.S.T.M. Standard Method C-154. OVERSHIPMENTS The following overages shall be allowable on all ship ments of shapes that are not standard: Quantity Specified 1 to 100......... 101-1,000________ 1.001-5,000 . 5.001-10,000 Over 10,000 Overages 10%* 7% 3% 11 V/of * Not less than one shape. If in sets, 1 complete set. 31 STANDARD FIRECLAY CRICK SIZES * 9"x4Vj"x2'/j" SERIES 9" STRAIGHT 9"x 4 \'2 "x l\ 2 No, 1-X WEDGE 9"x 4 Vi"x (2Vi"-2Vi") 6''9" Inside Radius SPLIT BRICK 9'x 4' i"* l\ V No. 1 WEDGE *>"* (2Vi" l)i") 2* 3" Inside Radius 2 INCH BRICK 9"x 4!/2"x 2* No. 2 WEDGE 9"sc 4>i"x {2V^1 *4") l'-lVi* Inside Radius 1J tj ij L] IJ iJ l] - -YANDARP FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES* 9" x 4Vi" x 2Vx" SERIES l1 LJ l1 lJ SMALL 9" BRICK 9"x 3\'2"x 2'/2" SOAP BRICK 9*x 2 Vi "x 2*4" Also standard m ulna hack 32 [j rj n NECK BRICK 9"x 4Vi"x ^Vi'-5,*') No. 4 KEY 9"x (4>i"-2>4"l x 2/a* 9" Inside Radius Also standard in mlica brick 33 STANDARD FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES 9" x 4W' x Z'/j" SERIES JAMB BRICK* y .i 4Va'x 2*4" EDGE SKEW* 9"x (4*/a*-lV4*) x 24* I I I I i 48 END SKEW* C9*-6%") *4'/2'x 2`4* FEATHEREDGE* 9"x 4/2*x W-W) I [ 60 END SKEW* (9"-7?,C; * 4.'2*x 2Vi* ANGLE "A" SKEW x 4Vi"x 2'r [ l l 48 SIDE SKEW* 9'x (4,/i*-2Vi'') * 2*4* ANGLE "B" SKEW (9"-0*) x 4Vi"x 2Vi* 40 SIDE SKEW* ANGLE "C" SKEW 9"x (4Vi"-3!it,"; X 2Vi* (f'-'I'/i") x 4 Vi"* 2Vi" 34 *A1o standard in silica brick l [ [ r r STANDARP FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES* 9" x 4Vj" x 3" SERIES n Name of Brick Dimensions Inside Radius 9" Straight -3" Series.............. . 9*x4VJ*x3*. . . _______ Small 9'' Brick--3 * Scries . . . 9"x3V4*x3"....................... 9* Soap -3" Series ................... , 9*x24*x3*........... .. . 9" Split Brick -3" Series. , . . . 9'x4'/2'xl!/i'......... -- -- -- -- 9" No. 1 Arch -3" Series____ . 9 "x-l */i *x (3 * - 2 V4 *).........4'-ll/2^ 9* No. 2 Arch -3* Series. . . . . 9"x4'/2'x(3'-2`/2'1')____ I'-lOVj* 9" No. 3 Arch--3* Scries. . - . 9 *x4 V 2 "x (3 * - 2 ')............. 9* 9" No. 4 Arch--3" Series. . . 9'x4V4*x(3*-r>............ 24* 9 f No. 1 Wedge--3* Series ,. . 9'x4!/2"x(3*-2V4 *)... . 8'-3" 9* No. 2 Wedge ~3* Scries... . 9 "x 1 V'2 *x (3 * 2 Vi ")____ 3'-9" 9V No 3 Wedge 3" Scries... . 9*x4V'2*x(3*'2*)............ l'-6* 9* No. I Key - 3" Series . . . 9'x(4V4''4*)x3*____ 6'-0* 9* No. 2 Key 3* Series......... - 9''x(4,/j*-31/2')x3''.... 2'-7!/2* 9" Nr, J Key 3" Series......... . 9*x(4`/2*-3*)x3*............. l'-6* 9' No. 4 Key 3* Scries.. , . . 9 "x (4 V'i ** 2 V4 ") x3 *.. . , 9" 9" Feather Edge 3* Scries 9'x44*x{3*-;*J.......... -- 9" Neck Brick 3" Series. . . 9 *x4 Vi *x (3 * - ?'* *).......... 9* Edge Skew 3* Series. . . . . 9*x(4/2M%')x3*. . . . 9W - 48''*End Skew --3*Series. . (9*-65k*)x4*/2*x3"____ 9* 48* Side Skew- 3* Series - 9 x.r' . -- -- 9* 60F* End Skew *3" Series.. 9* 60* Side Skew -3* Series. . 9" Jamb Brick 3if Series. (9 7 *4 ")x4 V 2 "*3 "......... 9"xM>/2"-2-V4 *.ix3"____ 9"x4Vj*x3'. ..................... * Also standard in silica brick. 35 r^\) STANDARD FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES I I 1 LARGE 9" STRAIGHT* 9"x 6 : i 'x 2 / 2' 9*x 634'x 3* LARGE 9" No. 1 -X WEDGE* 9"x 6-U'x W-2%") 6'-9' Inside Radius LARGE 9" No. 2 WEDGE* 9'x G34'x (2V2"-\Vi") l'-l '/j' Inside Radius 9"x 6Li"x (3"-2V2") 3'-9' Inside Radius LARGE 9" No. 3 WEDGE* 9'x 6>;,'x (3"-2'( Inside Radius I I i I I l l l l LARGE 9" No. 1 WEDGE* 9'x 6%'* !2f j 2'-3' Inside Radius 9'x 6V4"x S3'-2 Vi") 8'-3* Inside Radius FLAT BACK STRAIGHT 9'x 6'x 2 Vi' Also slamUr*! in silica brick 36 L [ r STANDARD FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES FLAT BACK SPLIT 9'x 6"x 1*4' 9''* 6" No. I KEY 9'x (6'-5%') x //' 9'x (6'-5%'ix3' 5'-6' Inside Radius No. 1 FLAT BACK ARCH 9'x (i"x (3'/?'-2'/2') 1-3' Inside Radius 9"x 6" No. 2 KEY 9'x <6'-4%') x 2*/2' 9'x (6'-4%'j x 3' 3'-0" Inside Radius No. 2 FLAT BACK ARCH 9'x 0"x i3!/2"-2") 8' Inside Radius 9"x 6" No. 3 KEY 9'x (6"-3"i x 2'/2" 9'x >"-3") x 3' 9' Inside Radius 37 STANDARD 9" CIRCLE BRICK Fireclay Dimensions of ull Circle Htivk Outside* Chord approx 9 inches Rodin! Dimension . Thickness 4* 2 inches 2 Vi inches Name Inside Chord Outside Chord 2}$* Series in Incise* in Inches Diameter in Inches Inside Outside 24-33 36-45 48-57 67,> 7 l-ii 7 Vi 8,7.u 8C.u 87,W 24 36 48 33 45 57 60-69 72-81 84-93 ' iV'n 8 :a8 hi 9 9 in, 9 ! til) 72 84 O'. 81 93 96 105 108-117 120-129 8 s 8% 8 J,, 8`!,i 8!'.M 9 96 108 120 105 117 129 Number o Brick Per Ring 12 16 20 24 28 32 37 41 45 Circle brick of 3 inch thickness are furnished whn d'sucd. They arc specified by adding the suffix 3 to the Name, thus. 2-1 33 J. STANDARD 9" CUPOLA BLOCKS Fireclay Dimensions of all Blocks Outside Chord approx 9 inches Radfci! Dimension 4 l j incites Height 9 inches Name of Inside Choi >1; Outside Chord Block in Inches in Inches Dianv ter in Inches Inside Outside A 6'\- 8 V, B 8 7|S C 6!5,, 8 5s D 6i* 8" w E 7U. <) F 7'?jt 8" lb G T".u 9 H lnv 8 In 16 21 27 30 40 51 60 73 25 30 36 39 49 00 69 82 Number o Blocks Per Ring 9 11 13 14 17 21 24 29 40 r STANDARD fi" CUPOLA BLOCK and STANDARD 6" ROTARY KILN BLOCKS Fireclay Dimensions of el! Blocks Outside Chord approx.. ... 9 inches Radial Dimension................. 6 inches Thickness ................................... 4 inches Diameter in Inches Name of Intide Chord Outside Chord Block in Inches in Inches Inside Outside Number o Blocks Per Ring 30-42 36-48 42-54 48-60 54-66 60-72 66-78 72-84 78-90 84-96 90-102 96-108 102-114 108-120 114-126 120-132 123-135 126-138 6 >4 6 */ 6% 7 ?32 7% 7 'hi 7% 7^12 732 8 7% 7% 8 8 lib 8 1g 8 ft* s hi 8 V, 8% 8% 8V 8% 9 9 !:,j 9 Ik 9 hi 9 hi 9 '/* 8% % 8% 8hh 9 9 9 Hi 9 Hi 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 123 126 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 132 135 138 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 36 38 40 42 44 46 47 48 NOTH: Although cupola blocks* and rotary kiln blocks are manufactured in duplicate sizes they arc not interchangeable in most cases. Service con ditions dictate variations in physical and chemical properties. STANDARD 4Va" CUPOLA BLOCKS Fireclay Dimensions of all Blocks Outside Chord approx 9 inches Radial Dimension............. 4 Vi inches Height . ...... .4 inches Diameter in Inches Number of Name of Inside Chord Outside Chord 111 ----------------------- - Blocks Block In Incise* In Inches Inside Outside Per Ring 27-36 32-41 6'5 7 Vs 8 y8 9 *g 27 32 36 41 13 14 41 STANDARD FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES .NDARD FIRECLAY BRICK SIZES 12"x 6" STRAIGHT* 12"x 6"x 3" 13Vi"x 6" STRAIGHT* 131 i"x 6"x 1 ,.*2 * 13 Vi *x 6'x 3' 12"x 6" No. 1 WEDGE* ll'-O" Inside Radius 12"x 6" No. 2 WEDGE* 12*x 6"x (3 "-2Vi") 5 -0" Inside Radius 12"x 6" No. 3 WEDGE* 12"x 6"x (3"-2"i 2'-0" Inside Radius 13Va"x 6" No. 1 WEDGE* 13',2~x 6"x (3*-234") 12'-4l/j" Inside Radius 13Vi"x 6" No. 2 WEDGE* 13>2"x 6"x i'3"-2!4"j 5'-7!,2* Inside Radius T3VV'* 6" No. 3 WEDGE* 13'/2"x ii"x (3"-2") 2 -3 ' Inside Radius OPEN HEARTH CHECKERS <l"x 6"x 3" lO'.-i'x 4> 2"x 3" 38 K)1 i"x 4'4'x 4*.i' 13`4'x 42"x 3" 13',2"x 6"x 3" e Als> stan-htul in eilice 13*2"x 4'2*x 4Vi" 13',2"x f>"x 2',-i* 13'/j"x 6" No. 1 KEY 13!/2"x (6*.S*) x 2!/2" 13Vt"x x 3** 5'-7I/2" Inside Radius 9" BUNG ARCH 9"x 4>/2"x (2!/2"-2%") 7'-l`/2" Inside Radius 13Va"x 6" No. 2 KEY 132*x * 2>/2W 13*4 "x (r>"-4-*.,,*l x 3S* 3 -0" Inside Radius Ns. 10S SUNG ARCH 13>/2*x 4>/2"x (3"-27/s*) 9"x4'/2"x (3" 2%") 8'-7'/2" Inside Radius 13Vj"x 6" No. 3 KEY 1314"x x 2'/2* 13'2*x x 3** 1'-1V4" Inside Radius No. 103 BUNG ARCH 13'/2"x 4>/2"x (3"-25/*) 2'-7'4" Inside Radius No. lOI SQUARE BUNS 3 3 !2 "x 4>4"x 3" 9"x 4 V2 "x 3" * Also Stamford in silica !>rick 39 STANDARD 9" ROTARY KILN BLOCKS fireclay Dlmeaisicma of a!! Blocks Outside Chon! Radial Dimension Thickness approx. 9 inches 9 inches 4 inches Dismdrr in Inch*** Number f Nemf of Inside Chore.! Outside Chord Block in Inc he* in Indie* Inside* Hindu/ Outside F*rr Rinat 48-66 54-72 60-78 66-84 72-90 78 96 84-102 90 108 96 114 102-120 108 126 114-132 117-135 120-138 123-141 126-144 132 150 138 156 144 162 150-168 6s 7 u 6"'Si 6J!;u 7 '8 7 hi 7!? 7 5i(, 7 ht 7'!-ii 7 S8 7 `hi 7"ii 7nU Tn\i 74 74 7' )jt 7 7h 7'V 7i!.. 9 9 '.u 94 94 9 ?I2 9 8 Vs 8 `hi 8!4 8",i 9 9 94 9 hi 9 ' :> 8 7k 8 7 87,u 8p'ib 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 1 OH 114 117 120 123 126 132 13H 144 I 50 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 132 135 138 141 14 1 1 50 1 56 162 168 23 25 27 29 31 33 36 38 40 -12 44 Its 47 AH 49 51 53 55 57 59 CUPOLA SLAG HOLE BLOCK of Block S-l-A SIB D in Inches i'/i 2 Inside Die. Inches 51 51 Outside Din. Inches 60 60 MALLEABLE FURNACE TAP-OUT BLOCK 9" x I'll" x 7Vi" TapOut-1 with '*e|'#Tap HU.lc for Hand Ladles Tap Out 2 with 1 w Tap H<dc fur Hull Ladles 42 Number of Pieces Required Per Ring Diameter No. per Diameter No. per Diameter No. per Inside Brickwork Ring Inside Brickwork Ring Inside Brickwork Ring 4'-0" 18 6'-0" 26 j 4'-3" 19 6,-3'r 27 : 2'-6* 12 4'-6" 20 6'-6" 28 2'-9" 13 4'-9" 21 6'-9" 29 3'-0" 14 S'-0" 22 7'-0" 30 3' 3" IS 5'-3" 23 7'-3* 31 3" - f * 16 S'-6" 24 r-b' 32 3' 9" 17 5'-9" 25 8' 0* 34 ; CUPOLA TAP-OUT BLOCKS (One and Two-Hole Types) Name of Block A an Indies D in Inches One Hole Type T-l-A 64 T-l-B 64 T-l-C T-l-D T-l E T-l-F 6 sa 54 54 Two Hole Type T-2-A T-2-B T-2-C T-2-D T-2-E T-2-F 4 34 3 24 2 34 4 4 i 14 14 Hi 4 4 i 1*4 14 . 4 43 r TYPICAL FIRECLAY TILE AND SHAPES SQUARE EDGE TlU These fire inside in various lengths, widths find thick nesses. , SHSPLAP TILE Made in various sizes with two sides lapped or as shown four sides lapped. MARINE BOILER TIL! 1 BOLT TYPE 2 BOLT TYPE -O TYPICAL FIRECLAY TILE AND SHAPES BOILER DOOR ARCH TILE AND SKEWBACKS (3 pieces to set for 16", 18 and 20s doors) BLOW OFF PROTECTOR TILE (2 to set) 44 BOILER ANCHOR TILE OR HOLDING TILE SUSPENDED REAR ARCH TILE 45 STANDARD SILICA BRICK SIZES Silica brick arc produced in 9"x*l1 /'x2 1 " series and 9"x4,-/x3* series as shown in detail for fireclay brick on pages 32, 33, 34 and 35 indicated by asterisks f+). They are also standard in 9"x6;l, "x21 >" series and 9"x6:l |"x3" series, page 36, and some other sizes as shown on pages 38 and 39 which are marked by aster isks (*) and listed below. Nanir nilltnilinSiS Numl.r, I*cr KifiB Dlmlr. ..I Kiiik Imitlr Oul*i!e STANDARD 12" a 4W' s 3`* SIXES Straight No. I X Wedge No. t Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge KVl'i 5i* I2"x4'/i"xt3" 2'a"i i2'rK4,i"*U' 2`i'i 12 "x4 */i "x 13 " 2 ',2 * l 12"x4 'i'xi 3" 2"i out 16' 0" 48 0 302 22'-0" 24' 0 151 10' 0* 12' II 76 4' 0* 60 STANDARD 12" a 6" *3" SIXES Stiaiglit No. 1 Aiclt No. 2 Aiclt No. 3 Aiclt Nit. t X Wedge No. 1 Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge No. 1 Key No. 2 Key 12"xb*x3" 12"x6*xl3" 2 *i 12 "xfj 1 -*" 2 r2 " 1 12'x6"xl3'' 2"i I2*x6"x(J"-27/'i 12*x<i"x(3"-2 12'xl>*x(3" 12"xo"b<3' 2 "i 12*xl6'-5`/2'ix3" I2*x(6"-5*lx3* 151 ir-o* 12 II" 76 5`-0* it 0" 38 2' 0' 3' 0" 601 4b' 0" 4K' 0" 302 22' II" 24' 0" 151 10'-0* 12* O'1 76 4' 0" 6' 0* 151 22'-0' 24' 0* 76 lO'-O" 12' ir STANDARD 12MxfMx 3" SIXES Straight J2"x9*s3" No. I X Wedge t2"x9"x(3" 27/8"i No. 1 Wedge 12 *b9 *x (3 2 !i*i No. 2 Wedge 12''x9*x(3"'-2,/i''i No. 3 Wetlge 12"x9'xl3 i"> "----- ------------------- - 6114 46'-0" 48 0' 302 22' 0* 21 0" 151 10' 0' 12' 0' 76 4e 0* t> 0 STANDARD 13'/i"b4VV* a 3" SIXES Straight No- l Artis No 2 Artis No. 4 Arch No. 4 Arch 13`/2''x4`/2"x3'' I3,-2'x4i/2''x(2 V* l.l'i^1 i*xU*-2'/2*i 13 f* 2 * X*t * 2 X' 1" 2`i 1312"*tli"*l 1" l"1 113 8' 3" 9' 0' 57 3'-9* 4' 6' 29 I'-to* 2' 3' 15 o' 4*4" *11 i 46 STANDARD SILICA BRICK SIZES (Continued I Nonir Vet Ring UlMHirltl of KlilB IlMItlc Onui<if STANDARD UVVsA*3" SIXES Straight No. 1 Aids No. 2 At cli No. J Anil No 1 X Wetlge No. I Wetlge No. 2 Wesjge No. 3 Wedge No. I Key No 2 Key No. 3 Key 13,,2*x6"x3`' 13',i"xb"x(3" 2 `4"t I3,/2''*6"x(3" 21 '2" 1 13 '/2 "x(t "x (3 2 " 1 I3,/2"x6"x(3* 2 fK "' 1 J,4"x6"xK" 2 V i3l/2"'x6"x(3 ' 21/2". 13 */2 *xb"x (3 " 2 " 1 U'i xlb" S"ix 1" li1/-*4 IJ'/i'xlb" 3"ix.l" 151 76 38 679 340 170 85 85 52 29 11 * r S' r 0* 51' 9' 21' jt 1 r ;iw 4' 6" 11 4" U` 0* 2' 3" 12' *1" (>' 0" 3' 0* 54' 0" 27'll" 14* h" 6" 9" S4' fjw 8' 1" 4' h" STANDARD 13'/i"xf ' x 3" SIXES Straight No. I An ts No. 2 At oil No. 3 Aiclt No. I X Wedge No. I Wedge No. 2 Wedge Net 3 Wedge 13'/2'x9"*.r IJ'/j'xtTxld* 2'.9' 13'/2"a9'xt.r 2`-i* 13Yj "x9 *x13 " 2"> i.l'i "x'J'xi.t 2 V 13!/2*x9"x(3" 2j4' 13 *, 2 "x9"x < 3 " 2 * j " 13 `/2 "x9 *x (3 " 2 * i 227 111 57 679 340 170 85 to' >" 7' 6" 3 0" 51' 9* 24'-9* II' 3* 4' 6" 18 0 9' 0 4' 51' 0 27' O' 13' 6 69 STANDARD I5"l"t3" SIXES Straight No. I X Wcdgc No I Wedge No 2 Wc.lge No 3 Wedge Suaigltl No. I X Wedge No. 1 Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge 15'x6"x.r I5"xb*a<3" 2 * ' lS'xh'xCr 2 V 1 !S''x6''xI3" 2' t 1 15 'xtt*xl3" 2"t _ 754 377 189 JS 57' 1," 27' 6* 12* 6" 5' 0* STANDARD 15" a f* r sixes 15*'x9"x3'' 15*x9"xl.l" 2?g" 15"'x9'''xl3" 2 V' IS*x9*xl3" 2,-'2" lS"x9"'xt3'-2*_i /I 377 189 ____ 95 57' 6" 27' 6* 12' 6* 5' 0* oir 0 30' 0 15' 0 V6 60'41' 30 0 15' O' __ 7` 6' STANDARD U" a 46" a 1" SIXES Straight No. 1 X Wedge No. I Wedge No. 2 Wettge No 3 Wetlge IH*'x6*x3* IH"x6"xiJ" 2 l*x(t'x(3" 2 18"xti"x(.r 2' 2 lH"xti"xi3" 2"' b<T-u" 72' 0" 451 ir 0" .16' 0" 227 15' 0" 18 0* 11.1 Is' O* <' 11" STANDARD SIXES Slratgiil No. I X Wettge No. 1 Wetlge No. 2 Wedge No 3 Wetlge IH'xO "x.l ' IH'x'I'xt.i" 2 'g' I8"x9''xi.r 2 t8*x9"xi.r 2s y 18 'x9"x. i .1 905 t.r u ?i' tr 151 II O' }>, II" 227 IS' 0 18 (1 IK tr ir 0 0 47 OTHER COMMON SILICA BRICK SIZES Naamr lhmfnaioi INVu.mRbuenrg Diamctrs ol King OuUitJr InasiJc rr2Vi" SIZES Straight 4>'*9*x2`i* No. I X Wedge 9*x9'aS2'-i*-2Vi*i No 1 Wedge 9*x9*x(2Vi'''T7/a'> No. 2 Wedge m 91 57 13'-to* r (>" ri* 1 S' l>" 6' 0* t' 9* rif"i3" sizes Straight Na 3 Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge 9**9'x3* -2-50 9*x9'xi3*-2l/2*> 9*x9"x(3"-2*l 227 16' b" 18' ST 113 7`-6" 9' 0* 57 3'-0* 4' 6* 13/* 4'/"x2VT* SIZES Straight No. 1 Arch No. 2 Arch No. 3 Arch l 3 Vi *x4 Vi "* 2 Vi * 13/i'x4Vi*x<2,/J''-2 '.*i 13 Vi *x4 Vi *x (2 Vi *-1 Vj*i 13 */2 *x4 Vi *x (2 Vi *-1 *1 lb 38 19 U'/i-jV/T s 31" SIZES No. l-X Wedge No. 1 Wetlgc No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge 13 */i *x4 Vi *x{3 *- 2 Vi ") 13 Vi *x4 Vi "xS 3 *- 2 Vi *. 13 Vi *x4 Vi "* (3 *-2 Vi *) 13 Vi *x 4 Vi ** f 3 *- 2 * i 679 340 170 85 21" *6" *3" SIZES 4' .$* l'-9" 0-6* SO" 2 6" 1' 3* sr 9* 24'-9" II'-J" 4' 6" 54' 0* 27' 0* 13' 6" (V 9* Straight No. 1 X Wedge No. 1 Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge 21"s6*x3* 2\"%b''xlS" i%") 21*x6*x(3*-2 Vj*> 21 *x6*x(3* 2Vi*l 2l*x6*x<3* 2*i 1050 528 264 132 8ti'-6" 38'-6* 17' 6* 7'-0* 84 0* 42 0" 21' 0* 10' 6* 21" x r`x 3" SIZES Straight No. I X Wedge No. 1 Wedge No. 2 Wedge No. 3 Wedge 21*x9"x3* 21 "x9*x( J"-2{g*i 2l*x9*x<3* 23/4*> 21*x9*x!3* 2Vi*> 2l*x9*x(3" 2*1 48 1056 528 264 132 8(1-6* 38-6* 17'-6* 7'-0* 42' 0* 21' 0* 10' 6* REFRACTORY CONSTRUCTION DATA ESTIMATING REFRACTORY MATERIALS In estimating brick quantities fur refractory con struction using standard brick the following net amounts will be useful. Added allowances should be made for ex pansion joints, breakage, cutting, and mortar joints. ThidtiirH of WmII Kfqmrcti Numtirr of Brick 9"4 V*P S s4|. It. id wall 1 sq ft. of wall l sq. ft. of wall 1 sq ft. of wall 1 sq. it. of wall 1 cu. ft. of wall 2 Vi * 3* 4 Vi " 9* 13 Vi Volume of 10(10 standard brick 36 64 12 8 19 2 17 1 S8 b cu. ft. J < S3 10 7 16 0 14 2 70 3cu it 1 cu. ft. of fireclay brick weighs 120-140 pounds. 1 cu. ft. of silica brick weighs 105-120 pounds. To allow a sufficient number of extra brick of standard sizes for speedy and sound construction it is suggested that the following quantities be ordered along with the net amount. FOR EAKACE AMP CUTTING Net Amount* Up to 250 251-1.500 1.SOI 5,000 Over 5,000 B*tr* Piece* 10% 5% 3% 2% Name WEIGHT OF SPECIALTIES r-,s>- Condition At Shi|>|ted NARCO SUPER SOS NARCO 505 NARCOLINE Plastic Plastic Plastic NARCHROME PLASTIC REFRACTORY PI.tatie NARCHROME CAST- ABLE REFRACTORY Castable NARCO HEARTH Castable NARCO BAFFLEMIX NARCOCRETE NARCOLITE Castable Castable Castable Wet Wet Wet Wet Dry Dry Diy Dry Dry hituiiU pi Cu. Ft I4S 135 145 195 185 120 116 70 50 From 300 to 450 jrounds of air-set high temperature mortar is sufficient to lay 1000 standard 9-inch brick. From 250 to 400 pounds of heat-set high temperature mortar is sufficient to lay 1000 standard 9-inch brick. From 250 to 450 pounds of fire clay is sufficient to lay 1000 standard 9-inch brick. 49 BRICKWORK CONSTRUCTION Furnace structures requiring a refractory lining are designer! and constructed for the most efficient service. To utilize good design, careful attention to refractory construction is required. Such construction is a highly specialized anil skilled trade and should be entrusted only to experienced FIRE BRICK masons. To operate efficiently, a furnace wall should be con structed to meet the following somewhat conflicting re quirements as far as is practical: 1. The strongest possible bond or tie across joints and through the wall, 2. A construction as airtight as possible, 3. Provision for removing and rebuilding the inside brick courses on the hot face as easily as possible and with the least disturbance to the rest of the wall, and 4. Provision for relieving the fluctuating ex pansion strains by allowing proper expansion joints. The determining factor in meeting the first three re quirements is the type of liond used and the soundness of the brick Saying. The type of expansion joint is not de pendent on the kind of bond used. jMASOHgV BONUS On the opposite page are illustrations of some standard masonry bonds. The wall thickness and type of bond is determined by service conditions present and load due to the height of the wall. To achieve maximum strength plus an airtight or gaslight wall, it is important to stag ger vertical joints. The alternate header anti stretcher bond is good prac tice and probably the most common. The only reason for departing from such a bond is to reduce the difficulty of repairing some portions of the furnace walls that require attention previous to the remainder of the furnace. Untler such circumstances a compromise is advisable using three, four or five headers to one stretcher course. Once the arrangement of headers to stretchers on the furnace face is established, the same cross bond carries systematically through the wall for walls of any thick ness and repeats itself at regular intervals. 50 TYPICAL MASONRY BONDS 1 UMi -- InCH WMl Wiry BRICKWORK CONSTRUCTION (Continued I EKfANSiON JOINTS One of ihe important considerations in designing and constructing furnaces is that the brickwork expands and contracts due to heating and cooling. Severe fluctuating stresses are often developed as the temperature inside the furnace rises and falls. This is supplemented by the steep temperature gradient usually present in furnaces whereby the hot face expands more than the cooler parts of the brickwork. It should be noted that this expansion takes place both horizontally and vertically. Provision for vertical expansion, except in high walls, is easily made by leaving the wall free to expand upward without encountering boiler drums, piping or other itructural members. Vertical contraction during subse quent cooling takes care of itself when the wall settles. There are two common types of expansion joints for horizontal movement as shown on the opposite page. The "Staggered" or "Broken" type has the open joints stag gered at adjoining courses. This type is perhaps simpler and easier to construct as it requires no large 9 inch straights or cutting and fitting. This type also results in a minimum weakening of the wall at the expansion joints. The "Straight" or "Vertical" type with no overlapping headers, allows the wall sections to expand and contract with a greater freedom which results in a minimum of buckling on the inside brick courses. As the ability to open and close easily is the expansion joint's main requisite, the free movement of the "Straight" type probably outweighs any disadvantages. In practice, expansion joints are usually constructed to provide for double the expansion that will occur on the first heating. This allows for any accidental filling of the expansion joints by mortar, dust, or materials charged into the furnace during operation. To keep joints clean, they are usually packed with a combustible or compressible filler during construction. There is a large variety of expansion joints used for corners, joining auxiliary walls and separating zones of different temperatures. Shown are examples that are generally considered good practice. 52 I TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINTS l~ ~ SUCCtMO M SSOMEM me a___ 53 STANDARD SKBWBACKS SKEWS BUIIT WITH STANSABB BRICK 4 Vi 5 for ARCH 4V%" THICK Rise 1 Vi" |>er ft. of s|wn Skew consists of l 9" 2 Inch Brick 12 Vi' 19" Featheredgc /Scries 9 lor ARCH 4Vi" THICK Rise 2/h," |>ei ft of span Skew consists of 1 9' 48" Side Skew 2 9" 48* End Skews 1-9" Soap Brick 2Vi" Series 7,/J JiTOw Ki,\ HI 9 v^5fi for ARCH 9" THICK Rise 2'n" per ft. of span Skew consists of 2 9*48 End Skews) 2 9 ' TK Side Skews 19 ' Soup Brick 2 Vi" Series SPIC1A1 SKIWBACKS far ARCH 9" THICK Rise 2" per ft. of spun SPECIAL SKEWBAOKS for Arches with Included Angle el 49 degrees I fee ARCH 4Vs" THICK Rise 1.608" per ft. of span 4/j far ARCH 9" THICK Rise 1.608* per ft. of span for ARCH 12" THICK Rise 1.608" per ft. of span far ARCH 13Vi" THICK Rise 1-608" per ft. of span 55 SKEWBACKS IN FURNACES Skcwbacks are masonry units with an inclined face from which an arch is sprung. As illustrated, a single special shape may he used, or a combination of standard brick sizes may be laid up to form the skewhack. The one piece skewhacks are stronger and are generally used for arches of longer spans. The important requirements for skewhacks are high strength and good hearing on the sidewalls. The skewhack receives the full thrust of the arch which includes a downward thrust exerted by the weight of the arch as well as an outward thrust on the sidewall. Support of the arch is usually made by steelwork consisting of angles or channels on which the skews rest. These angles and channels are held in place by buckstays generally connected by tie-rods with provisions for adjustment as the furnace temperature rises and falls. If structural steel is not used, the sidewall must he constructed to receive the entire thrust of the arch. When steelwork is used, the line of thrust should fall within the channel or angle to promote stability of the arch. Skewhacks should be placed so they are protected as much as possible from the destructive forces of the furnace, a precaution which usually lengthens the life of the skewback. To further protect the skewhack, a stretcher course should never be used directly below the skewback. Shown are two commonly used methods which are considered good practice for holding skewhacks. Ii ELEMENTS OF ARCHES 3 I 1 3 / 3 3 1 o n n r^ KEY TO SYMBOLS FORMULAS: S Spun of arch H Rise of arch R Out side radius of arch r Inside radius of arch T Thickness of arch A Outer are length a Inner arc length H Central Angle To lind the rise when the radius and span are given: H - r ' , \/4r* S* To find the inside radius when the rise and span are given: SM4H* r- 8H To Find the angle H when the radius and span are given: S Sine * > B - 2r To find the arc lengths when the radius and central angle are given: Outer arc: Inner arc: 21C RW 21C r B A- a- 360 360 VALUES BOR GIVEN RISES TER BOOT OB If*AN Rise m Inches insnic * Per Rmliui ia Foot Factor of Span X S Central Angle H Part of Degrees Circle I>ifT of* Inside* Outer and Arc s loner Arcs Factor Factor *S T Skewlwvk X* IS Factor T V* SB Factor *T i i`i i 1 608 Hi 2 iU 2 302 a'A 1 1.5II7 1 2521 1.0625 1.0000 0 0201 0 8322 0 7604 0 7471 0 7042 0 ftbOO 0 0250 37S0.9 47*4.4' 56"8.7' 60 0.0' 652.5' 73*44.4' 82" 13.4' 8J"58 5' 90"28.8' 98 *29 V 106"! 5 6' 0 105! 0 1308 0.1560 0 1667 0 1807 0 2048 0.2284 0.2333 0.2513 0.2736 0 2952 1 0184 1 0287 1.0412 1.0472 1.0558 1.0725 1 0913 1.0954 1.1120 1 1346 1 1591 0 6606 0 8216 0 9799 0 0472 1 1352 1.2870 1.4351 1 4656 1 5792 1 7191 1 8546 03243 0 3993 0 4706 0 5000 0 5376 0 6000 0.6S7S 0.6690 0 7101 0 7575 0 8000 0.9460 0 9168 0 8824 0 8660 0 8432 0 8000 0.7534 0 7433 0 7041 0 6528 0 <!<100 4 ininlr radius. inside arc. differnice d outer and iirnci at cs. a ami y ate uliUiitnl by multiplying tlir fattoi in prcIi respective column wilh S or I . whichever applies. Foc typical akewbacks refer pages M. St. SS end 56 57 m COMBINATIONS TO FORM A RING WUmWO^lZES QF BRICK A A radial brick used with a ntiaight >i another radial brick B, which turns a larger cucle than A. B A stiasght brick or a radial brick winch turns a larger ciicle than A, both A and B foinimg the smite thickness of such T. T The thickness of the such formed by A and B. C The outside chord of biick A. c The outside chord of buck B E The inside choui of buck A c The inside cStoid of buck B D Given outside diameter of desired ung d Given inside diameter of desired ring. G Outside diameter o! ring formed by radial brick A aUrne J Number of brick A to faun a ring of outside diameter G. g Outside diameter of ring formed by brick B alone if it is radial. j Number of brick B to loiiu a ring o! outside diameter g % NumUi of pieces of buck A, used with brick B to form a ring of outside diameter D. y Number of pieces of buck B, used with buck A to form a ring of outside diameter IX S Total number of pieces ul buck A and brick B to hum a ring of outside diamrtei IX SB COMBINATIONS TO FORM A WING WITH TWO SIZES OF BRICK 6 I. When both brick A and B are radial anti outside chords are equal (C c) hut inside chords are unequal, (1) S r:D tcD Cc 121 y 7:d SE eE II. When brick B is a straight brick and brick A is radial, c ~e and (3) x 2v:T 6.2832T = CE C E HJ y ~D xC c III. When both brick A and B are radial anil both chord dimensions of A differ from those of B, (5) Cx { cy = '.tD (6) Ex | ey = led IV. When calculating a series of combinations the fol lowing formulas are convenient: Jig-D) (7) x gG jt D Gl (8) y UG sv RADIAL BRICK FORMULAS l I I [ * Inside me of circle type brack A Outside an of circle type brick Inside chord of circle or wedge type brick C Outside cliord of circle or wedge type buck s Inside radius of radial brick R Outside radius of radial buck d Inside diameter of ring formed by radial brick T Hadial dimension of brick H Theta, the included angle of buck X * Pi- 3.141* S Total number of a given radial brick required to form a ring FORMULAS: rC r|T rC R 2 XT X D S- - - Cc C xd C (r i T) c C- - - r 360" H Rc r Cc Sine 1 -j H - or 2R 2r TAIL! FOR USE IN DESIGNING RADIAL TYPE BRICK If the outside chord of a radial brick is desired for a given number of pieces per ring, find the number of pieces in column 1 and multiply the corresponding sine of the half angle in column 2 by the outside diameter of the ring. If brick with an outside chord of approximately 9" is desired, find the diameter in column 3 that conics closest to the desired out- anide in column 2 by the dasfreef outside diameter to obtain the actual chord. The number of pieces to form a ring will be found in column I. No of Bock 8o Circle ft) 8me of a.if Aaxle I)m fur *3 ' Cbmcl m IncSire Nil id Brick to Circle (li Slltc of Half Angie ta> Pi* fur 0" Cimt.l Inelie* 111 5 58779 IS J12 9 6 .50000 18 000 10 7 43388 20 743 ti 8 38268 23 518 12 34202 30902 28173 25882 26 31-1 29 121 II 945 14 77 ) 60 Tabic I'ufiimurtl mo n e page I I] [1 [1 o rl Ii L< 1 1. J 11" t. _ TABLE FOR USE 8N DESIGNING (m RADIAL TYPE~ BRICK (Concluded) No. of Brick tu Curie d> 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 S3 54 55 56 Smr of Half Angle ii) 23932 22252 20791 19509 dJI foi 9" Chord. in Inches SJi 37 607 40 446 43 288 46 133 No- of Brick to Circle m 57 58 59 60 18.175 17365 16459 15643 48 980 51 828 54 681 57 534 61 62 63 64 14904 14231 13616 13053 60 386 63 242 66 099 68 950 65 . 66 1 67 | 68 12533 12054 11609 11197 10812 10453 10117 09302 71 810 74 664 77 526 80 379 83 241 86 100 88 959 91 818 j 1 { ' 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 09506 09227 08964 08716 94 677 97 540 100 402 103 258 77 78 79 80 08481 08258 08047 07846 106 121) 81 108 985 82 111 843 83 114 708 ii 84 07655 07473 07299 07134 117 570 120 434 123 305 126 156 ! 85 86 87 88 06976 06825 06680 06590 06407 06279 06156 06038 05924 05815 05709 05607 129 019 131 863 134 731 137 615 140 471 143 335 146 199 149 056 151 924 154 772 157 616 160 514 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Sine jf Half Angle tii 05508 05414 05322 05234 9" Chord in inches i3} 163 399 166 236 169 109 171 9S3 05147 05065 04985 04907 174 859 177 690 180 542 183 411 04832 04758 04687 04618 186 258 189 155 192 020 194 890 04552 04486 04423 04362 197 715 200 624 203 482 206 327 04302 04244 04188 04132 209 205 212 064 214 900 217 812 04079 04027 03975 03926 220 642 223 491 226 415 229 241 03878 03830 03784 03739 232 078 234 987 237 844 240 706 03695 03652 03610 03569 243 572 246 440 249 307 2S2 171 03529 03490 03452 03414 03377 03341 03306 03272 03238 03205 03173 03141 255 030 257 880 260 718 263 620 266 509 269 380 272 232 275 061 277 949 280 811 283 643 286 533 Inisilr Buckwor k O' b* it - 7" ir 8" 0' 9* o'. 10* on* r- o* r- i* r 2* 1*- 3* r 4* 1 s* 1'- 6* 1' 7* r 8* 1 9* r-io* rn* 2' 0* 2' 3" 2' 6" 2 9" 3' 0* 3' 3* J' 6* 3' 9* 4' 0* 4'- 3* 4' 6' S'T'o* S'- 6* 6'- 0* (>' 6* f- 0* 7'- 6* 8'- 0* 8' 6* 9'- 0* 9'- 6* 10' 0* 10'- 6* 11'- 0* II' 6' 12' 0* 12`- 0* 13'- 0* 13'- 6* 14' 0* >a 4W LINING-- ARCH BRICK 9" k 4 Vi" * 2Vi" Of 13Vs" * 4Vi" iVi' N=> j Af.1. 19 18 17 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 S 4 3 2 Nuiiibri H(t|ui!t*l IVr King No 1 Afh No. 1 A(di SlffilKlii J s H 10 13 15 18 20 23 25 28 30 33 35 38 30 3 36 5 34 8 31 15 20 23 23 30 19 38 15 46 11 53 8 60 4 68 76 76 4 76 11 76 19 76 26 76 34 76 76 49 76 56 76 64 76 71 76 79 76 87 76 94 76 102 76 109 76 117 76 124 76 132 76 139 76 147 Toief 19 21 22 23 2 20 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 41 42 46 49 53 57 bl 64 68 72 76 80 87 95 102 110 125 132 140 155 163 170 ft 8' 185 193 200 208 215 223 IJ t IJ II II I']] (] IJ l'l l, 3 o o o CD f'J 4V4" LINING --ARCH BRICK 9" M 4Vi" X 3" Of 1 3Vi" X 4Vi" * 3" Diameter Inside Brickwork j No 4 Arch Number Rfiufil Per Rmg No J Artli Nu 2 AreSi No. I Arch Straifltt Total O'- 4Vi' ___ O' <1* O'- 7* 0' 8* O' 9* O'-IO* 0' 11" 1'- 0* 1' 1* r 2* 1'- 3* 1 4* 1'. 4* 1'- 6* 1'- 9* r o* 2' 3* 2' 6* r 9* 3'- 0* 3' 3* 3' 6* 3' 9* 1' 0* 4' 3* 4' 6* 4' 9" 5' 0" S' 3* S'- 6* S'- 9* 6'- 0* 6'- 6* 7'- 0* 7' 6* 8' 0* 8' 3" 8' 6* 9' 0* . 9'. 6." 10'- 0* 10'- 6' IT- 0* ....... U'* 6* 12' 0* 12' 6* 13' 0* . uii.n.'______ a1 ______ IS X4_ _____ i.. 13 J 12 5 11 7 10 9 8 12 6 16 5 18 4 20 4 22 3 24 1 77 29 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 3 ----- . 7 13 19 25 31 38 44 51 57 54 so 47 41 41 38 35 32 28 22 16 10 3 15 15-- 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28...... . 29 ___ 12____ 35 38 41 ___ M____ 48 51 54 ____SI____ O 60 13 63 19 66 20 ____HI__ 32 73 38 76 44 79 50 82 57 85 70 92 82 98 21-- 107 113 113 113 __ Mil 110 113 4 117 10 123 ____ 10 _.U`i___ 113 22 135 113 29 142 113 35 148 113 41 154 113 48 Hit 113 54 167 113 60 173 111 6b 179 _____ u___ 186 63 liskkwmk '2` 0" 2' 1" 2' 2" 2' 3" 2' 4" 2* 5" 2' 6* 2' 7" 2' 3" 2' 9" 2' 10" 2' 11" .1' 0" 3' r 3' 2" 3' 3* 3' 4* 3' 5" 3' 6" 3" 7" 3* 8" y 9" .r 10" 3' 11" 4' 0* 4* 1* y 2" 4' 3' y 4" JL S' 4- 6W 4*- 7" 4'- 8" 4' 9* 4' 10' 4' 11* S' 0* 5' 1" 5' 2* 5' 3" 5' 4* 5' 5" 5' 6* 5' - 7" S' 8* S' 9' 5' -10" S' 11" 64 4V2" lining--circle brick 9" 8 414" * 2*V Of 9" * 4Vi" a 3" *4 .1-1 Can If 12 !1 10 9 8 7 6 0 4 3 3 1 ;_ Numtin Krsgmrrii lfrf Rin^ J6 4S CiiIf 4H V/ ClMlr <3(1 <3*4 Circle 72 HI ClHlf 2 3 4 t> 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 lf> 15 2 13 4 12 5 11 7 99 8 10 7 12 6 13 4 IS 4 10 2 18 20 20 i 18 3 10 S 14 8 12 __ JO______ 10 12 8 15 6 17 4 19 3 21 1 23____ _ 24 21 4 19 6 17 9 IS 11 13 13 12 IS 10 17 8 19 0 22 4 24 2 26 C>nttnur8 *n nrel |ee T*ial 12 13 13 13 14 14 M IS 15 IS 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 IJ (J I n i.i i .3 c r r r: i: 4/2" LINING--CIRCLE BRICK 9" 8 4Vi" a avi" Of 9" 8 4Vi" * 3" -- Concluded fiiiidc Situ kwork O' 0" 6 * 1* O 2" O' 3' O'. 4" O'- 3" O'- 0" O' 7" 6'- 8* 6'- 9" 6'- EG" 6' 11' 7' 0' r- i" 7'- 2" 7'- 3" 7'- 4' 7'- 5" V 6' 7' 7" 7' 8" r 9" 7' 10* 711" 8' 0" 8' 1" 8' 2* 8' 3' 8' 4* r :> ' 8' 6" 8'- 7* 8'- 8' 8 9" 8' 10" 811" JO' 0' 72 81 Circle 28 26 23 21 19 16 14 11 9 7 4 2 Nxml.ri Kft|iii(c.l Per ding 84 *.| Circle % IDS Cm le Sft8 117 120 12V Cude Circle 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 22 25 28 30 32 28 5 26 7 23 11 20 14 17 18 14 21 11 24 8 28 5 31 2 34 37 37 30 7 28 10 25 13 24 IS 20 19 18 21 16 24 13 27 10 30 B 33 5 36 41 41 I 37 5 34 8 30 13 27 16 23 20 20 24 16 28 13 31 9 36 45 r<Ha 28 29 29 Mi Ml 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 33 33 34 34 3S 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 41 41 44 44 H 45 45 IjS r 4Vi" LINING--9-INCH CUPOLA BLOCKS iJiamrtn IntKk A Ilrtckwork V 4" 9 r-6* t> I't* II 4 11 Niinsh^f Kri|im ! P-r Hing cn FG h us II 2' 11" 2'J" 2' (>* 3 u" 3' 4" 3'-o" 4'-0" 4'-3* 4" 6" 5` II S' 6* 6 0* 6' 1" 6h S3 H 12 S3 H fr 10 17 H 4 Id 17 18 5 IS 2! 14 8 20 21 22 24 24 12 15 27 29 29 29 29 6" LINING--ARCH BRICK 12" p 6" a 3" or 13`/*" * 6" a 3" 1 hHiiiriri leaanSr Hi kkwmik rtr r y* y t>" 2' 9" Ni 3 Ar*.h 38 35 31 29 NulnUfi No 2 Ai cl :r$|iiirrt| !V Khik Nil S Ar li ft 1.1 19 J **la| 38 41 44 48 y " 3 3* 3'V J' 9" 26 22 19 16 25 32 38 14 51 54 57 60 4' 0* 4' 3* 4' h" 4 9" 13 9 7 4 50 57 63 69 .. ____ 63 66 70 73 S' 0" S'-3* 5' ft" 5' 9'' ft' 0* I.- 3" O'-6* 69" 7'-0" r-3* T (>" 7 9* 8'-11" H'-3" 8'-6" 8'-9* 76 76 72 7 79 69 13 82 66 19 " * -------- --8. 5 63 25 60 32 57 38 54 44 * 88 92 95 98 - SI 50 101 47 57 104 44 63 107 41 69 11 - * - --" -- 38 75 35 82 32 88 29 94 113 117 120 123 9 O' 9* 3" 9'-6* / 9* 25 III! 22 107 19 113 16 119 126 129 132 135 100" 10' 3* lO'-ft* 10' 9" 13 126 10 132 7 138 3 145 139 142 145 148 110'' 11' 6" 12' 0" 12' 6" 151 151 151 6 157 151 13 164 151 19 170 67 6" LINING ROTARY KILN OR CUPOLA BLOCKS 9" x 6" * 4" !r>uir I)i iikwoik 2' 0* 2' 9* r * a' a" a' h" a' 9" S' 9* 4' 3' r (," r 9* 5' 0" s' a' S' to* Nuinl'fi Kctjuiici] IVr Km? JO 42 in 4H 42 54 46 no 54 66 60 72 nn 7a Toui IS 88 IS ii> 17 8 1U 19 9 ii 17 18 19 29 21 10 12 23 13 11 21 22 23 24 25 25 M 12 26 27 27 fcfe18 72 S4 7 00 84 on 00 102 on- loo 102-1 94 5' 9" b'-O* 6' 3' b'-6* 6' 9* V 0' 7'-3" 7' -6* T -9* 8' 0* 8' 3* 8' 6' 16 12 29 18 12 31 19 13 28 29 39 31 32 33 16 19 36 17 20 33 35 36 37 38 ia 22 17 39 40 49 102 (14 114 nn 123 ns 108 120 120 1.12 nn ns 9" 9' 0" 9' a" 9' 6" v* r 10' 0" 19' 3' 19' <* 22 19 42 24 19 44 > 46 47 48 H 42 13 44 IS *Sf> 47 48 i 1 r 1 6" LINING FLAT BACK ARCH BRICK I iliaisidci Inimle Hi it kwork Nt> 2 F-B.A. 2" 1 Krijiiiiri 1'>i Rang No 1 K H A. F.ll. Straight 1 i" 2* ? 1' 4' r-b* r-9" 26 22 16 5 14 Tolbl 26 27 39 2'-0* 2' 3" 2'-6"' 11 5 22 Mi 38 33 35 38 3' 0" 3' 6" 4'-0* 4' 6" 38 8 46 38 IS 53 38 23 61 38 30 68 S' 0* S' 6* 6 0" 6* 6" 38 38 76 38 45 83 38 53 91 38 60 98 70" 7'-b* 8' 0* 8'-6' 38 68 196 38 75 113 38 83 121 38 91 129 9' i)H 9'-6* 10' 0" 10' 6' 38 98 136 38 106 144 38 113 15! 38 121 159 11 -0' 11'-6* 12' 0" 12 6" S3' 0" 38 128 166 38 136 174 38 143 181 38 151 1 H'J 38 158 I0l 9" LINING--WEDGE BRICK 9" * 4Vi" * Hi", 9" 8 6J/" 8 2 Vi" o> 9" k 9" * 214" , Brickwork .2 Wedge Number Requited Per Ping _ . ____ No. 1 Wedge , . .... ..... .... No. 1 A Wedge Straight Total 2'-3* 2'-6' 2' 9" 57 51 44 10 20 ---- 1' 0'--------38--------------30 -- 3' 3* 32 40 3 6* 25 51 3s 9" 19 61 . --------- -- -- 57 f)l f>f 68 72 76 BO r0*--------4'3* <6* 4' 9* 13" 6 70 SI 91 88 .* ' *' 83 87 01 7 95 --5' 0"------------- ------------"85--------- 5'-3* 83 S'-6* 81 S' 9" 78 ro'" h' :r ............ ' 75 73 71 ' 6' 9* 68 13 19 25 32 "38 44 50 57 98 102 106 110 ------- ------------- "113117 121 125 - 7'CT-------- 7'-3* 7'-6* T9" - " ~ 65 63 60 58 ` 63 69 76 82 129 132 136 140 ~8'-0' 8' 3* 8'-6* 8' 9* ' ------------------56---------53 50 48 88-----94 101 107 144 147 151 155 9' 0' .......... y'-.i* 9'-9* " 46 43 40 38 113 120 126 132 139 16 1 166 170 10'-0' 10'-6* 11* 0* 11' 6' ----------"35 30 25 20 139 151 164 176 174 181 189 196 12'-0* 12'-6* 13'-0* 13* 6* 15 189 10 202 5 214 227 204 212 219 227 l4'-0* 15'-0* 16' 0* 17'-0* 227 7 234 227 22 249 227 37 264 227 52 279 18' 0* l9'-0* 20*0" 21' 0* 227 67 294 227 83 310 227 98 325 227 113 340 22'-osr 227 128 355 70 9" LINING --WEDGE BRICK 9" X 4Vi" * 3 ", 9" x 63,4" x 3" oi | 9- x 9" x 3" is tableNoc.ar1*, be used 2, ami 3 also an li for 1 -5 * j `' * (i" a 1" auli brick bock for the rosaeegMimliiig wedge y substituting brick Imiurt pr Inside lirkwtuk -- No. 3 Wedge 3' 0*'" 3' 3' 3' 6' 3' 9" -"57 54 50 47 Numbfi' h n|iii(c>l Per Ring No. 2 Wedge . No 1 Wedge Straight - -- --- -- 6 13 19 Total 57 60 63 66 i ao 4' 0* 4' 3* 4' 6* 4' 9* 'TO'" 5' 3* 5' 6" S' 9" 6r-0*--- 0'-3" 6' 6* 6-9" 44 41 38 35 '32 28 25 22 19 16 13 10 ~7 'dl* 7' 3* 7' 6* T9" 3 8' 0* 8' 3* 8' 6" 8-9" O'-fT 9' 3* 9' 6" 9'-9" 10' 0" 10' 6" II' 0" 11-6" 12'-0" 12' 6* 13' 0* 13' 6" -- - *-- - - -- ------------- - 14' 0" 14' 6" 15' 0" 15' 6" 16' 0" 16' 6* 17' 0* 17' 6" - 26 32 38 44 "50" 57 63 70 76 82 88 94 101 107 113 110 107 104 101 97 ~ 94" 91 88 85 82 76 69 63 57 50 44 38 32 25 19 13 6 7 13 19 25 32 38 H 51 57 63 75 88 101 113 126 139 151 163 176 189 201 214 226 226 226 226 " 7 13 1*1 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 92 95 98 101 104 107 110 113 117 120 123 126 129 132 135 139 142 145 151 157 164 170 176 183 189 195 201 208 214 220 226 233 239 245 71 9" LINING --KEY BRICK 9" * 4 Vi" k 2'/a" or 9" 4'/i" x 3 Umiiick; listulr Hritkwttrk No. A Key Numl'fs Kriiuurtl |Vr KuiK No. i Key No. i Key No 1 Key Straight Tolu! \' h" T II" V b' 3' 0" 3' 6" 4' 0" 4'-6* 5' 0' S' 3' 5'-6" 6' 0" 6' 6" r o" 7' 6" 8' 0" 8' 6" 9'-0* 9' 6' 10* 0* 10' 6" 11' 0* 11' 6" 12' 0* 12' 0* 13'-0* 13' 6" 14' 0* 14' 6" 15' 0" IS' 6" 16' 0* 16' 6* 17' 6* 17' 6" iB'-tr 18' 6" rrr 19' 6* 20' 0" 20' 6* 21'"0* 21' 6" 22' 0* 22''6" nnT* 23' 6' 24' 0" 24' 6" 2$'-ft* 72 26 17 li 9 25 26 30 34 38 29 13 21 25 13 38 38 42 46 51 4 51 57 55 4 50 13 46 21 55 57 59 63 67 42 30 38 38 34 46 29 55 72 76 80 84 25 63 21 72 17 80 13 88 88 93 97 101 9 96 4 105 111 113 105 109 113 5 118 113 9 122 113 13 126 1 13 17 130 113 21 134 113 26 139 113 30 113 113 14 147 113 38 151 113 42 155 113 47 lbO 113 51 164 113 55 168 ~"113 " 59 172" 113 63 176 113 68 181 113 --rn-- 72 185 75------- ~TRg~ 113 80 193 113 84 197 113 m 201 nr ' 93 "TUB-- 113 97 210 113 101 211 113 105 218 rn-- 109 "222------ ri 9" LINING --KEY BRICK f" a 6" x 2Vi" or 9" * 6" a 3" Ittiulc Hi ickwurk No. 1 Key 1' 6" 2*. 0" 2'* (" 3' 0' 3'- 6" 4 - 0" T* U* 5'- 0' 5'- 6" 6' 0" 6s 6" 7' 0* 7'- 6* 8'- 0* 8'- 6* 9'- 0* 9'- 6* 10' 0* 10'- 6" 11' 0* IT 6" 12' 0" 12' 6* 12' 10* 13' 04 i r o* 14' 0* 14'- 6" isr--o"" " IS'- 6* 16' O'' JllUt: - 17' 0* 17' 6" 18'- 0* 18'- 6* 19' 0* 19' 6" 20'- 0* 20' 6" 21' 0" 21' 6" 22' il" 22' 6" 23' 0" 23'- 6" 24' 0" 24'- 6" 25' " 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 2 NuiuLm RrtfUU <! Vr Ring No. 2 Key No ! Kry Straight 5 ii 16 21 26 31 36 42 48 45 6 41 13 38 19 34 ill 31 32 27 39 24 46 21 52 17 59 13 66 10 72 6 79 3 85 90 91 91 4 91 7 91 10 fti 13 91 16 91 19 91 22 91 26 91 29 91 32 91 35 91 38 91 41 91 44 _ `U 91 91 91 91 oi 91 91 91 - . 11 51 54 57 60 63 66 70 73 91 76 Total 19 22 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 90 91 95 98 101 104 107 no 113 117 120 12 J 126 129 132 135 139 142 145 148 151 154 157 161 164 167 LJ 9" LINING ROTARY KILN BLOCKS 9 * 9" * 4" Inside flrkkvfmh 48 3(. S4 n Nunili Wr.|UircU Per Km* - * -fill /H .<> 84 72 90 78 96 ------ 4' 0" 4' 3* 4' 0' 23 11 13 25 14 12 - -i-4-- -- 5' 0* 27 S' 3* 5'-6" 15 13 29 5'-a: ____ :.i-------1 * - lfl-__ 6' 0' fo' 3* 6' 6" 31 !4 18 33 16 84 102 19 Total 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 39 31 32 33 35 . ----- -- 36 36 . 7'3" 7'-6* 7' 9* 8'-0* 8' 3* 8' 6* 8' 9* <*' 0' 9'-3* O' 6* <* 9" 10' -0* 10' 3" 10' 6* 10' 9* 11' 0' 11' 3' 11' 6" 11' 9* 12* 0' 12-3 12' 6 M-10I 90 10* 17 20 -- 38 -. 22 Boa 126 117-135 102 120 114-132 37 38 17 -- 39 40 27 14 42 40 41 2 25 18 . .. ,, --- -U 44 27 18 44 15 46 46 47 4 7 120-133 126 144 138-156 150- SOH 123-141 132 ISO 144-162 48 49 51 14 38 48 49 51 52 53 24 30 55 34 22 53 54 55 56 57 5? 24 34 58 59 59 74 lJ ID O u 12" LINING --KEY BRICK 12" * 6" * 2Vi" or 12" * 6" * 3' 1 Oiain^lr; Inside Brickwork No, 2 Key Number Kr|tnred l*er King No 1 Key Straight 10' o' 10'-6* 11' 0' 116* 76 72 69 66 7 it 19 12' 0* 12'-6* 13'-0* 13' 6* 63 60 57 54 25 32 18 II 14-0 !4'-6* 15'-0* 15'-6* 51 47 44 41 50 57 (iJ 09 16' 0" 16'-6* 17'-0* i7'-6* 1B'0* 18'-6* 19' 0* 19'-6* 20'0" 20'-6* 21' 0* 21'-6* '38 ' ` 75 35 82 32 88 29 91 '25 101 22 107 19 111 16 1 19 13-------......... 126 10 132 7 138 3 145 22*0"-------------22'-6* 23-0* 23' 6* ~ 151 151 151 151 24' 0"' 24' 6' 25' 0* 25' 6* 151 151 151 151 26' 0* 26' 6* 27' 0" 27' 6" 151 151 151 151 28' 0* 28-6" 29' II" 29' 6* 151 151 151 151 10' 0' 30' 6" 31' fl" Jl'-ii" 151 151 151 151 32' 0" 32' 6" 33" O'' 3 1' 6" 151 151 151 151 '` ------ ----'* -- 3 t) 10 ~ F3 16 19 22 25 28 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 - Total 76 79 82 8S 88 92 95 98 101 104 107 110 U3 117 120 123 126 129 132 135 139 142 145 148 154 157 161 164 167 170 173 176 179 183 186 189 192 195 198 201 205 208 211 214 217 220 223 Ihametci Ineide HrUk mak 4' 0" 4' 6" S'- 0* 5' 6* 6' 0* 6' 6" T 0" r b* 8' 0' 8' 6* V'- " 9 - 6" 10' 0' 10' 6* 11' 0" 11' 6* 12' 0" 12'- 6* 13' 0" 13' 6* 14'- 0" 14'- 6' 15' 0* 15' 6' 16' 0' 16' 6' 17'- 0" 17'- 6* 18' 0* 18'- 6" 19'- (1* 19'- 6" 20' 0" 20'- 6* 21`- 0* 21'- 6" 22'- 0* 22' 6" 23' 0* 23' b* 24' 0" 24' 6* 25'- 0' 25'- 6" 26'- 0' 26'- 6* 76 12" LINING --WEDGE BRICK 12"*4Vi"x3",18"*6"x3" or 18"x9"* 3 " No. 3 Wedge 76 69 63 57 51 44 38 32 25 19 13 7 NuihIk-i Required Per Ring No. 2 No 1 Hu I X* Wedge Wedge Wedge Straight Total it 25 38 50 b.f 75 88 101 113 126 138 1S1 144 139 132 12b 120 113 107 101 95 88 82 76 69 63 57 51 44 38 32 13 25 38 50 63 76 88 too 113 126 138 151 164 176 188 201 214 226 239 76 82 8C 9 f1 07 113 12 '6 132 139 145 151 157 164 170 176 183 189 195 201 208 214 220 227 233 239 245 2S2 258 264 271 25 252 19 264 13 276 7 289 302 295 13 289 26 283 38 277 50 270 63 264 7b 258 88 251 101 245 114 277 283 289 296 302 308 315 321 327 333 310 346 352 359 Ccntiiiuel on neat [t$ge 12" LINING--WEDGE BRICK 12"* 4 Vi" * 3", 12" * 6" x 3" or 12"* 9" * 3 -- Concluded Diameter Ineide Brickwork 27'-0* 27' 6" 28' 0* 28'-6" 29' 0* 29-6* 30' 0* 30' 6* 31' 0* 31' 6* 32' 0* 32'-6" 33' 0" 33' 6" 34' 0" 34' 6" 35' 0* 35' 6* 36'-0* 36'-6* 37' 0" 37' 6* 38* 0* 38' 6* 39' 0" 39' 6* 40' 0* 40' 6" 41' 0" 41' 6* 42' 0* 42'-6* 43' 0" 4 1' 6* 44' 0* 44' b" 45`-0" 45' 6* 46' 0* 46' 6* 47' 0* 47' 6" 48' 0* 48' b" Number Retluitrd Per Ring No. 3 No 2 No. t No I X* Wedge Wedge Wedge Wedge Sliaktht Total 239 233 226 220 214 207 202 195 189 182 176 170 163 1SH 151 138 132 12b 119 111 107 101 91 88 82 70 69 63 57 50 4* 38 32 25 ____________ n 13 6 _ .. 126 138 151 164 176 189 201 214 226 239 252 264 277 289 302 327 340 352 365 377 390 402 415- 428 440 452 465 478 490 503 516 528 540 553 ___ itiSi_____ 578 591 604 m_____ 604 604 604 604 365 371 377 384 390 396 403 409 415 421 428 434 440 447 453 ___ 465 472 478 484 490 497 503 516 522 528 534- _ 541 547 553 __56fl__ 566 572 578 __afi5___ 591 597 604 6___ 610 12 616 18 622 25 629 31 635 NOTE The No. I X WoUge it etamleid m Silica Materiel* only For Fuc lev Materiel, in the cate of diametera 21' Cl", vise i omhtfmtnma of No 1 Wedge etui Straight hrirk. The quantity of No I Wedge lruk remama constant et 102 The quantity of Straight brick ia determined hv subtracting J02 from the quau ltv given in the column "Total " 77 /jgh,' fWiBld 13 W LINING --WEDGE BRICK 13 /*'' * 4VZ" * 3", mr x 6" * 3" or 13/2"x 9" X 3" Diairiet ei Inside Hnckwork No. 3 Wedge 4'6* 5' 0" 5' 6' 85 79 73 6' 0' 6 6* 7' 0' 7' 6" ------Sr5r" 8'-6* 90* 9' 6* 66 ` 60 54 47 4I - 35 29 22 10'0* 10` 6* 11' 0* ll'3* llV " 12' 0*~ ' 12' 6* 13'-0* !3'-6* 16 10 3 -- --- Trr-o1'-- 14-d" iso* IS' 6" ~16' 0* 16' 6* 17' 0* 17' O ' 18' 0'~ 18' 6" 19' 0" 19'd" . _ ... - 20' 0*' 20'd' 21' 0" 21' 6* 22' 0* 22'd" 23' 0* 23' b* 21' 0* 24' d" 24' 9* 2 S' 0* 25' 0* 26' 0' 26' 6" 27' 0* 27' 6" Number Required S*er Ring ... . Ni i No. 1 Wrd| e Wedge No 1 X* Wedge Straight it 25 38 50 63 70 -88- 100 113 126 138 151 164 170 167 Too" 154 148 111 135 129 123 116 HO 104 97 92 "85 79 72 66 f)U S3 48 41 35 28 22 10 9 * "" 6 19 32 44 57 70 82 94 107 120 132 145 157 170 182 195 208 220 233 245 258 270 283 296 308 321 333 340 .u< 330 324 318 ill JOS 7 19 31 44 57 69 1 otal 85 92 98 101 110 117 123 129 135 142 148 154 161 167 170 173 179 186 192 198 205 211 217 223 230 236 242 249 255 261 267 274 280 28b 293 299 305 ill 318 324 330 337 340 343 m 355 362 368 374 78 nit ni`l *age LJ [J l] IJ [] n t.] [j t: L c: L C. L L Diameter Inside Bnikwoik No 5 Wedge Numhci No l No 1 Wedge Wedg.r ed |*ei King No. 1 X* Wedge Straight^ 1 1.1*1 28" 0" 28' 6* 29' 0* , 29' 6" 1 30' 0* 30' 6" 310* 31' 6" 32' 0* 32' 6* 33' 0* 33' 6" 34' 0* 34' 6' 35' 0* 35 6' _ ... _ -- - m 82 292 95 286 111? 280 119 274 132 267 145 261 157 255 .... 174 248 183 212 195 236 207 ____ 224 .... 22 1 233 217 245 2111 258 .. 2U5. ___ 274... 381 387 393 399 406 412 418 . . ^ _ 425 . 431 437 443 . .__ 450 . .. 456 462 468 ___ _425.._ 36 0* 36-6* 37'-0" 37'6' 38'-0" 38' 6* 39'-0* ___ 40'-0* 40' 6* 41'-0* -ui-t:.. ... 198 283 192 295 186 308 179 ___ 221 173 333 166 346 161 358 __ ... 4 __ 154 . JM .. 148 383 142 396 135 409 t .4 . __ . ______ - 129 ___ 421 . 481 487 494 __ __ ____ .5110 . __,, __ 506 512 519 525 . 531 538 544 __ _.250. 42' 0* 42' 6* 43'-0" iilfi' .. .... , .. 122 434 117 446 no 459 . 1114 _ . 471 ... 556 563 569 T . ..... ....575 44' 0* 44' 6* 45' 0* 45'6'V 98 484 91 497 85 509 79 ____521 582 588 594 . __ . ,..... 2210 46'-0* 46'-6* 47' 0* 47' 6" 73 534 607 66 547 613 60 559 619 54 572 ... 626 48* 0* 48' 6* 49* 0* 49' 6" *.- 47 585 41 597 35 Ii09 29 622 632 638 644 651 50-0' 50'-6* 51' 0' SI' 6' 51' 9" 22 635 16 647 10 660 J 673 679 657 663 670 676 679 S2'-0* 52' 6" 679 3 6<U 679 9 688 NOTE The No I X Wl|c u ttsisnliiEl so bthca Material ooty, Foi Fitei lay iiialeiia), in (hr case of diameters over 24' Vuse combinations of No I Wedge and Straight brick. The quantity of No I Wedge buck remains constant at 340. The quantity of Straight Wick is determined by substractiag 340 from the quantity given in the column "Total*' 79 IJiMiiirter Inaiilc Brickwork 2' 3" 2 0" 2'-9" 3' 0* 3' 3* 3' 6* 3' 9* l7!)* 4' 3 " 1' 6* 4' 9" 5' 0" S' 3" 5' 6* 5' 9* 60" (>' J* 6' 6* O' |# T o" 7 3" 7'-b* 7' 9" 8' 0* 8' 3" 8' 6* 8'-9" 9' 0* 9' 3" 9'-to' 9' 9" 10' 0* 10' 3" 10' 6" 10' 9" 110' 11' 3" 11' 6" irr 12' 0' 12' li' 13' 0' 13' to' 14' 0' I t' to' 150" 15' to" 80 No. J Key 29 26 25 23 21 19 18 16 14 12 10 8 7 4 3 1316" LINING--KEY BRICK 13 Vi" * 6" X 3 Vi" or 13 Vi" x 6" x 3 Number Required Per Bins No. 2 Key No. 1 Key Straight Tula* 4 7 to 14 18 21 24 28 31 34 ' 38 41 45 48 52 51 48 lb 43 41 38 36 33 31 28 26 23 21 18 16 13 11 8 5 3 3 7 II lb 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 73 77 81 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 29 30 32 33 ~ 35 37 39 40 42 43 44 46 48 49 51 52 54 55 57 ' ...... . VI " tot 62 64 65 (.7 68 70 71 73 74 76 77 79 81 82 84 85 2 87 3 88 S 90 8 93 1 1 96 14 99 18 103 21 106 24 109 27 112 OtlillllUed (Mi l`rg Jiigc LJ [1 l1 [] [1 [1 [1 0 [] [J n n c] u 1i 13/2" lining--key brick 1 3 V ' x 6" x tW ot 13Vi" x 6" * 3" -- Concluded lb' 0" 16'-6" 17' 0" 18' 0' 18' h* 19'-0' !9'J>" 20' 0" 20' 6* 2l'-0* . 22'-0* 22' 6* 23' 0' 24' 0* 24' 6* 25' 0" 25' 6' 20' 0* 26' 6" 27'-0* 27':6! 28' 28' 29' am 30' 0* 30' 6" 31' 0" 32'-0* 32-6" 33' 0* OXOlL. 34'-0' 34' 6* 35' 0" ammi. 36'0" 3b'6" 37' 0* J1L 38-0* 38' 6" 39' 0* 40' 0" Number Required Per Ring No. J Key "* ' : No. 1 Key No. 1 Key Straight 85 30 85 33 85 36 85 39 85 43 H5 46 85 49 85 52 85 55 85 58 85 61 85 65 85 68 85 71 85 74 85 77 85 80 85 83 85 87 85 90 85 93 85 96 85 99 85 ___ 85 105 85 109 85 112 ___IIS---- 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 _______________its___ 85 85 85 85_ 85 85 85 JtS____ 85 85 85 118 121 124 12Z___ 131 134 137 140. 146 149 _L5X_ 156 159 162 16S------ 168 171 175 85 181 Total 115 118 121 124 128 131 134 137 140 143 146 150 153 156 159 162 165 168 172 175 178 181 184 187 190 194 197 2110____ 201 206 209 212. 216 219 222 225.. 231 234 23a.. 241 244 247 2S3 25to 260 .263____ 266 81 ii|aee r o" r i" r 2" r .r r 4 r- 5" 4W ARCH THICKNESS --ARCH BRICK 9" * 4W x 2W ot 13 Vi" x 4'/," x 8 Vi" 1 Vi" Ri# Per Fool of Span Rise RIimlitiulrs Number Requircti Per Course --nAsrctht'' NAosc. iii Straight Total Hi" Hi' i*r 2' Hi* i'- o U" S'- !!,*' 1'- 2 V" r a*),*" 1'- S' l6 5 5 4 4 4 A 2 3 4 4 S h 7 a a a 9 9 r- 6* a Vi* 1'- 7 Vg" A r- 7 2 Vi" !' 8 Vl*' 2 7 8 r- s" Hi" 1- 9 Vi' 2 8 r 9* 2*4* r io V' I 10 r-io* Hi" in V' 1 10 r-u* 27," r- o 1n 10 10 10 11 It 12 2' 0* 3* 2'- 1 Vi" 2 - 3' 3 Vi" 2'- 4'V,6* 2 - 6' 3Vi" r 7 Vi" 2' 9* 4 Vi" 211 !," 3' 0' 4 Vi" 3'- 2 Vi" r a" Hi* 3'- 5 i" .i'- si" s'4* 3' 8 Vi' 3 9" 5*i* ' M'VU" 4' 0* 6* 4'- 3* 4'- 3s 6J/i" 4'- 6 V' 4'- 6' 6'r 4'- 9 Vi* 4' 9" Hi" s'- o Vi*' 12 12 12 1 13 12 3 SS 12 4 16 12 S 17 12 6 18 12 H 20 12 9 21 12 10 22 12 11 23 12 13 25 12 14 26 5 - 0* 5'- 3* S'- 6' S'- 9" Hi" 7%* 8'/* 8Vi * 0' 0* 9* 6'- 3' <Hi" 6* 6" 94* __ _. . _ 5`- 3 '4 * S'- 6*54" 5'-I0 Vi" 6'- l 54* 12 IS 12 16 12 18 12 19 o'- 4 Vi" 12 20 6' 7*54* o'-io Vi" 12 21 12 23 ------ _ - -------- - ---- - - 27 28 30 31 32 33 35 82 c: c: c c r i: i: c c; L L L t L 4/z' ARCH THICKNESS --ARCH BRICK 9" x 4 Vi" x 3" or t 3*4" x 4*/,'' x 3" 1 Vi" Rise Per Fool of Span r 0* 1-1* 1 2" r 3* 1 4" r 5" r o* 1'- 7" 1'- 8" r- 9" r io* i'u' 2 ' 2' 1' 2'- 2* 2'- 3' 2'- 4' 2 S* 2'~ 6* 2` 7" 2'- 8' 2 - 9* 2-10* 2' 11" 3'- 0" 3'- 1' 3 - 2" 3' 3" 3'- 4" A' 5" 3'- 6" .3'- 7" 3'- 8" 3'- 9* 3' MS" 311' 4'* O'* 4'- 3" 4'- 6" 4'- 9" 5 - 0" S'- 3' S'- 6" s' <r 6* 0" Insole Rahus Hi" " r' v*i* Hi* r- i'Vi* Hi* 1*- 2 'V Hi" r- 3>'," 2* r- s* 2V' 1 - 6 Ju* 3 Vi* 2 Vi* 2 Vi* 2%" 2 Vi* Hi* 3' 3Vg" 3*4" 3 V," 3 Vi* -Hi" r- T*'**" r- },* r- 9 vi" r io 5,fc" I'-ll Vi" 2'- o V4* r~nr 2'- 2 V' 2'- 3 5i* 2'- 4'Vn," 2 S Vi* 2'- 6*Vifc* 34* 3 Vi * 4' 4'i* 4'4* Hi" 2'- 7 Vi" 2'- 8*J* 2' 10" 211 *4" 3'- 0 3'- 1 *1." 4 Vi* V 4i" 4 vs" 5" 5'.* 3' 2 *4' 3'- 3 5u" 3' 4 Vi" 3'- S V,x' 3'- 6 Vi* 3 - ? V..* 5*4" 5V 5 Vi' 5 Vi" 54' svr 3'- 8 ** 3' 9*|,b* 3' 10 4" 3' 1 IN,*" 4'- 0 Vi* 4'- 1*V' 6* 6 Vi* 6*4' Hi' 4'- 3" 4'- 6 Vn." 4'- 9 V' s'- 0 V 7`.i * 7 Vi' v aV S' 3 4" S' b'Vit" S'-10 V 6'- 1 o' O' 4 Numliri Pfi CmH8<` No i No 2 No. 1 An li Anil Arch Straight 3- _ 3 3 2 2 2 _____ 3 4 5 5 - 6 6 7 7 7 8 - 17 1u 9 9i a2 8 9 9 10 10 82 83 74 74 7S 66 H) II 11 1) 12 12 66 67 58 58 59 1 10 t- 10' 1 II 1 12 3 12 3 13 2 14 FT~ 13 13 13 14 14 "~I4 !5 IS IS 16 16 2 14 2 IS 1 16 17 18 18 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 18 2 20 18 3 21 18 1 22 IK S 23 18 S 24 18 ? 2S i a 20 18 J 27 83 S|*en r o" V 1" r i" i` . r 4" r s" i - i>* r- ?" S'. 8" rr-io* i* ii" 2' 0" 2'- 1" 2' 2* 2'- 3* r- 6* 2'- 9* 3'- 0" 3' 3" 3' 6* 3' 9" r o* 4'- 3* 4'- 6" 4' 9" 5`- 0" S'- 3* 5` b" S' 9" t>' a" b' 3" 6'- 6" 4Vz` ARCH THICKNESS --ARCH BRICK * or9" x 4 Vi" 2 Vi" 13Vi" * 4Vi" * '/*" 1.608" Riu P Fool of Span (60 Guild Angle) Rise !*!" 1 Vi* l %' 2" 2 Hi* 2 !i" 2%" 2>Vi* 2lVi" 2'VU" 2`5i" 3 Vi" 3 3!Vh* Js:i" 3 Vi" 4 Vi* 4 Vi* 4'vir 5 Vi" s Vi" '* Vi* b Vtt" b2?i" 7 Vi" 7V H 'ii" V 'V #'.u" 10 Vi" HI Vi* Hmlmi r " i' i" r- 2" 1' 3' 1*. 4" 1' S" S'- b" r- 7' 1' 8" r- 9* I'-IQ" 1' 11" 2' 0* 2'- 1' 2' 2" 2 - 3" 2' 6" r n" 3 0* 3' - 3" 3'- 6* 3 9* 4'- 0" 4' 3" 4' b* 4' 9" S' U" 5 3" S' b" 5' 9" tV 0" i. 3" >* 0* NumSvft Hr(|Utrel Per Com**- NAorc. h2 NAorc. li1 StMMght I <l*l 6i b2 53 54 4S 45 7 H B 9 9 9 37 37 38 29 2 10 1 11 HI 10 11 11 12 12 I 11 1 12 13 13 13 13 12 13 13 l 14 2 IS 3 lb IJ 4 17 13 6 19 13 7 20 13 H 21 13 9 22 13 11 24 13 12 25 13 13 2li 13 14 27 13 16 29 13 17 30 13 18 31 13 19 32 13 21 34 13 22 35 84 tJ IJ IJ IJ IJ IJ IJ [.] [.] 1) [] [] L] I 4W ARCH THICKNESS --ARCH BRICK 9" x 4Vi" * 3" or 13Vi" x 4Vi" * 3" t .608 Rise Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) r 0" Is 1" r - 2" r - 3" r 4" s 5" r i' 6?" r 8" r - 9" r 10" i' 11" 2' 0* r 1" 2* - 2" 2' 3" 2' 4" 2' 5" l_____ _____________________ ____________________ Hue Intiile HeUius Numtirr Rrqiiiirtl Per Com**---------------- ----- ------------- * No 1 No. 2 No 1 Anil Arch Afi Ii Stl8l||llt " I1'' ,/ l Vi" i Vi" 2" 2 Vi" 2V r 0" r - i" i' - 2" r - 3* r 4" i' 5" 12 4J 34 34 45 2b 0 7 7 7 8 8 2* Vi* 2Vi* 2'Vi* 2%" 2'K* 3 Vi* i' - 6' i' - 7' i' - 8" r - 9* i' 10" r -11" 2 (l 27 18 18 19 9i 8 9 9 9 10 10 3 Vi* 3'Vi* 3%* 3 5* 3 Vi " 3 Vi " 2' - 0" 2' - 1" 2' - 2" 2' 3" 2' - 4" r - 5" 9i 92 83 83 84 75 10 11 11 11 12 12 2' 6* 2' - 7* r 8" 2' 9" 2' 10* 2 11" 3 0* .r 1 * 3' 2" J - 3" 3'- 4" 3' 5" 4 \n 4 V i/' 4*w* 4 Vi* 4 'i" 4'!i6* 4*Vife* 4"i" S FJjt" 5 ?i" 5!Vi" 5 Vi" 2' 6" r - 7* 2' 8" 2' . 9" 2' 10" 2' 11" .' 0" .r 1" 3' 2* y 3* 3 4" J' - 5* 75 70 07 67 b8 59 S HI s 10 4 11 4 12 4 12 3 13 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 IS IS 16 16 16 3'- 0" 3' 7* 3* 8" 3' 9" 3' HI" 3' 11" 5V s Vi* 5%" 6 Vi 6 5i* 6 Vi" 3' b" 3' - 7" 3' 8" 3' 9" 3' 10" 3' -11* 3 14 2 15 2 IS 2 16 1 17 1 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 4' 0" 4' r 4s- 2" 4' 3" 4' b" 5'- (I* 5'- ti* o'- 0" o' fo* " bli" "~ 4' 6 K*" 6'Vi" r 4' 6i" 4' 7 Vi* 4' 0" 1* 2' 3" 6* 8 Vi* 8%" 9i* 10 Vi* S' 0" 5s- 6" 0s 0* Ii'- 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 1 20 19 2 21 19 4 23 19 b 25 19 8 27 19 10 29 85 1 0" r \" 1 ' 2" 1' 3" r 4" r 5* r <>" i*- ?" f* Si" r- *s' 1 '-HI*' I II' r ci* 2'- 1* 2` 2* 2'- 3* 2' 4" r s* 2 6" r- 9" 0* 3 - 3* 3'- 6* 3* 9" 4'- 0" 4*- 3" 4'- 6" 4' 9* S' it" S'- 3" S'- 6* S'- 9* to9- to" ir 3" b' b" 4W' ARCH THICKNESS --ARCH BRICK 9" * 4 Vi" * 8 Vi" 01 13'/a" x 4Vi" x 8 Vi" 2" Rise Per Fool of Span Ki*r 2" 2 Hi' 2>hi" 2 Vi" ll\`n 2%' liniiie Kiiiiiii* Its" 10",/ n'U/ r o Vi" r i",u' 1' 2 H/' Numlifi Required *ct Cmif No 2 Ascii 1 Aids Straight (etd 8 8 72 72 73 64 8 H <1 lit 10 3" 3 Hi' 3* IV 3 Vi' 3%" WiS r j" i' Wu r- 4avii' i s Vi" r o`H/ 1 7V s 5 5 4 4 4 s b b 8 8 9 .. _ 1 8" 3 10 4 54s' r- a^'ji" 2 11 4",4/' r J!4i" 2 12 4 Vi' I H* Vi' 2 12 4%' I'll".,/ i 14 2'- 0 Hi" i 14 s' 2' 1" i 15 5 Vi' 2 3 Vi" 16 i 10 II 11 S2 12 *.S 13 13 14 14 15 IS 16 17 e>* 6 Vi' 7* 7 Vi" 2 6" 2'- 8 Vi" 2'-l 1" 3' 1 '/ 16 2 18 lb 3 19 16 5 21 16 to 22 8' 8 Vi' 9* 9 Vi' 3 - 4" 3' 6 Vi" 3*. 9 II Vi" 16 7 23 16 9 25 16 10 26 lb IS 27 10' 10 Vi' u* 11 Vi' 1' 2" 4' 4 Vi* 4' 7* 4' 9 1 / 16 12 28 16 14 It) 16 15 31 16 16 32 r tr r o>// ii" S' 0" 5 2 Vi" S' 5" 16 18 34 16 19 35 SfB 20 th CD [.] 4Vz' ARCH THICKNESS--ARCH BRICK 9" X 4Vi" X 3" or 13Vi" * 4Vi" * 3" I 2" Rise Per Fool of Span SgtUd r o" rr 1' 2* S' 3" 1 4* !' / Kier 2W 2 Hi' 2v 2 Vi' 2%' fntidr Rarlius 10* I'PHi" u^ii* s'- o Vi' l' l"/u" r 2v Number Requited Pet Comte N.i Hu. 2 Nu. 1 An-6 Arcli Arch SuaigiO Tumi 61 52 S2 53 44 14 7 7 7 8 8 8 1 - 6" r y' r- 8* 1' 9" I -HI* r ii* 2 - 0' 2 - 1* 2'- 2* 2 - 3* 2'- 4* 2'- S' 2' 6" 2' 7" 2'- 8" 2'- 9' 2' 10" 211' 3 0" 3' 2" 3 4* 3' 6" 3'- 8* 3' 10* 3" 3 /ii" 3*! ,,* 3 Vi* 3"/,/ 3%' 4* 4 Hi" 4'Wi" 4 Vi" 4JH/ *' 5* S Hi' s'Hi" 5 Vi" s*Ji* s%" 6" 6'V,/ 63H/ 7" 7V r- 3* i'- 3*?,/ r- 40 ji* i'- s Vi' 1- 6`Hi* 1'- 7 Hi' 1' 8" 1' 8^? ii* 1' #*!' I'-IO Vi* r n'Vji" 2' 0 Hi" 2' 1* 2' W?,/ 2' 20,/ 2 3 V/ 2' 4`H/ 2' 5 Hi" r 6* 2'- 70,Jf* 2 - 9>H/ 2-11" 3 - </,/ I' 2%' 4S 16 27 28 28 29 , ' 10 1 10 1 11 12 it n 11 10 so 10 9 9 8 8 7 6 6 S 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 9 9 9 10 10 11 II 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 IS 16 17 17 18 HI 4 - 0* 4'- 2" 4' 4* 1 - 6' 4'- 8" 4'-10* 4 11* S 0" S' 6* 6' 0" 6' 6* 8* 8'Hi" aaH/ 9* 8'V 9"a/ 917,i" 10" 11* r o* r i* 3`- 4* 3'- 5,ji" 3' 7%* 3 - 9* 3' lOi'V 1' 0",ji" 4' 1 Hi" 2" 4'- 7" S' 0" 5' S' 4 IS I 17 3 18 i 20 1 21 I 22 23 23 23 23 23 19 20 21 22 22 23 21 1 24 3 26 5 28 7 30 87 Sj*t*n 0 * 6* O' 7' 0' H* 0' ')* ' 10* tr II" !'- 0* rr 1' 2" 1' 3* 1' 4* r s* r 6* r- 7* 1' 8* 9 I' 10" 1' II" 2' 0* 2' 1* 2' 2* 2' 3" 2'- 4" 2'- 5* 2' b" 2' 7* 2' 8" 2'- 0* 2'-10" 2'-11 * 3' 0* 3' 1" 3` 2" 3' 3* 3' 4* 3' S' 3' b* 4' 0" 4' b* 5' 0* S' 6* ti* 0* h* f>* aw arch thickness--arch brick 9" K 4V2" X 8 Vi" or 1 3Vi" * 4Vi" * 8Vi" !?n" * Rin Per Foot of Span Hier hi" f'H/ 1'Vu* !"/' 1%' 2 !,, 2 y.** 2 Vi" 2"/.*' 2V 3 '-it' 3 Vi' 3'hi* 3Jhi* 4 l ii" 4 hi" 4'hi* ^ HhiIiiij 4 'i' 5 M" S'Vu" b'hr 7`hi" 8 hi" 8%* >>' * lo'hi" i hr" llJ,/u' r- '%* !'- I1 hi" r- 2 ?,*" !' 2'h*" 13!i*" i - 4 Vi*' !- 5 Vj" NumtK'i H|UHed Per Course No. J No. 2 No. I Aidi Arch Arch Strsmhl T>tE 42 J3 .1 4 25 25 26 U l> 7 7 7 H 17 18 9 91 82 73 8 9 9 HI 10 10 74 74 6 <> b6 b7 58 11 II 12 12 13 IS 4'hi* 4Jhi" 5" S Fie" 5 Vi* eb t7t'^ * !' S*h.* 1'- 6'Hi' 1' 7 ?{* I*- 8 * 1'- 8*h*" 1'- Mi** S9 4 10 4 10 3 12 3 12 3 13 14 14 14 IS IS lb S Vi" s*h*' b i* b'iii" 6'hi* b%" r io Vi*" r n hi" I'-lHHi" 2'- 0%* 2'- 1`hi* 2'- 2 hi" 2 14 2 IS 1 16 17 IB IB lb 17 17 17 18 IK b'hi" 7 hi" 7 hi* 7'hi* 7'Vit* 7 Vi" 8 2'- 24?** 2'- 3'hi" 2'- 4'hi* r- 5 hi* 2'- S'?*" 2' b'V,/' 2' 7`fii" 18 l 19 18 1 19 18 2 20 18 2 20 18 3 21 18 3 21 18 3 21 9 hi* io Vi* n '/j* ro'hj" i' i'h" l*-2`hi" 2 H Vi* 3'- 4 ->i" 3'- 8'hi" 4'- 1"/*" 4' 5>Vi** 4`-10 ?i" 18 b 24 18 9 27 18 II 29 IB 14 32 1H 17 35 18 10 37 * Mure exactly 2.302*. HH LJ IL r1 1. 4U. L.j r^ L.j 1j n c] n 1j i .j La P Ir SL. --i i~ ir . 4 Vi" ARCH THICKNESS -- ARCH BRICK (A i) 9" 4 Vi" * 3 " or 1 3 Vi" K 41/*" x 3" m"* Rite Pet Fool of Span S|an Rise Iniiilr Radius Nuiiths'i Rratuucd Per N*. 1 No. 2 No. 1 An h Arch Arch Straight Total r o* 2h" 8J!ii" 7 i l* 2 Vi' 9'Vii' ii i r 2* 2`Vi*' 10'hi* 0 2 r 3* 2 Vi" 11 hi' (> 2 r 4* 3 Vi*" nJVii' s 3 r s" 3 14* 1' O'hi" 54 7 7 8 8 8 9 r 6* r- 7* r h* r- 9* r-io* i* ii" 2' 0* 2' 1* 2' 2* 2 - 3* 2'- 4* 2' 5* 3%' ?%* 3%* 4 hi* 4 hi* 4'hi* 4l/ii* 4Hi* 5" 5 Vi** S Vi* 5 ?i*" r i>hi' 1' 2 Vi*' 1' 2shfe* 1' 3!Vi*" 1'- 4 Vi*' r- 5 Vi*" 1' 5>M*" 1- 6"/,*' I 7 Vi*' r s y,' r 8`Vj*' 1' 9'H** 54 4 f> 4b 37 ,i H iK 29 2 10 2 10 1 ll 1 12 1 12 9 10 10 10 11 ll II 12 12 12 13 13 2' 6* 2'- 7' 2' 8' 210* 5 Vi* 5`h*' b Vi* b'hi" r io Vi*' r ii hi* 1' ll'Vii' 2' 1`hi* 14 13 i 13 i 12 3 14 II 14 IS 3'- 0* 3' 2* 3'- 4" .i' 6* 3' 8* 3'-10* 6'hi* 7 hi* 7'!h* 8 Vi*" 8?u" 8'" 2' 2'hi* 2' 4<hi* 2' S'hi* 2' 7`hi* 2' 8 Vi" T 10 Vi* 11 5 10 6 10 7 99 8 11 7 12 16 lb 17 18 19 19 4- 0* 4' 2" 4'- 4* 4'- b* 4'- 8' 410* hi* O'hi* 9%* io y* io Vi* 11 Vi* 2 11 Vi* r i Vi* 3' 2 Vi* 3'- 4 Vi" 3' 5'Vii" r 7'Vii" 7 13 6 IS 6 16 5 17 4 19 J 21 20 2! 22 22 23 24 5'- 0* 5'- 2" S' 4* S' b* S' H" S' to" ll Vi" I lJ?4i* r o hi* l*0%" i' i Vi*' i i Vt" 3 8"u" J 101 Vii 3 11'Vri" i' I'iii" 4 2'V.*" 4 4 h," 3 22 2 23 1 2S 27 27 27 25 25 26 27 27 1 28 6' 0* b* b 1' 2'Hi" v 410 ?,*" 27 2 29 27 4 ll * More exactly 2-302*. 89 Span ' b" 7* '- 8* '- <j '10" 'll" 2 '- 0' 2' r X- 2" X- A" X ts" X 7" X- 8" X 9* 2' 10* 211* 3' 4" 3' 5" 3- 0 3'- 7" 3 8" 3 9" 3' 10" 311" 4' 0" 4'- 1* 4'- 2" 4' 3" 4' 4* 4' 5" 4'- <>* 4' 7* 4' 8* 4' 9" 4' 10" 1 11" 5' 0' S' 1" S'- 2" 90 r ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" X 4Vi" B 2Vi", 9" x 6Vi" * 2Vi" o. 9" x 9" *2 Vi" iv.'2 Rite Per Fool of Span Number Resguired Per Chuibc Rise Radius WNeod.g2e WNeod.g1e NWoe.dIgeXStraight Total 2 Vi' 2 Vi' 2 Vi' 2 Vi ' 2 Vi' 2 Vi ' 3' 3 Vi' 3 Vi * 3 Vi * 3 Vi* 3 Vi" 3 Vi* 3 Vi' 4* 4-i* 4 Vi' 4 Vi" 4V4'~ 4 Vi' 4 Vi' 4 Vi' 5* 5Vi' sVi' sli' 5 Vi" 5 Vi ' 5%' 6* 6'4" f>Vi" 6 Vi' 6 Vi" bV'i* 6Vi* 7* 7 Vb " 7 Vi" 7 Vi* 7 >i" 7 Vi' 7 'i ' r 7 '8 r 8 Ji* 1' 9 'i l'-io Vi* I' ll 4s 2'- 0 Vi* 2 - l Vi 2'- 2 V,*' 2'- 3 Vi" 2'- 41/,*' 2'- 5 Vi" r- 6'Vit' 2'-" 7 Vi ' 2*- 8`V,*" 2' 10" 211 Vi*' 3'- 0 *' 3 - 1 V,*' 3'- 2 Vi' 3'- 3 Vi*" 3'- 4 jh" 3'- S Vi*' 3'- 6 Vj" 3'- 7 1,*" 3'- 8 3'- 9",," 3*10 W 3' ll'Vi*" 4' 0 Vi' 4'- 1!V,*" 4'- 3' 4'- 4 Vi*' 4'- 5 'i" 4'- 6 Vi*" 4'- 7 Vi" 4'- 8 Vi*" 4'- 9 4a' 4' 10 Vis' 4' 11 Vi" S' 0 1,*" 5'- 1 V" S'- 2**,*" S'- 3 Ji" S'- 4'Ji*' S'- 5 Vi" 6 7 8 10 10 12 13 14 14 14 14 13 13 3 13 4 12 S 12 b 12 0 12 7 11 8 11 8 11 9 10 10 10 11 lo 11 10 11 10 12 0 13 9 14 9 14 9 15 8 16 8 16 8 17 7 18 7 19 7 19 6 20 6 21 ft 21 6 22 5 23 S 23 5 24 1 25 4 26 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 lb lb 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 Continued on next gisgr u Lj t: t: r c: rj "I J f "I J tJ [ C *1 J [ [ r ARCH THICKNESS WEDGE BRICK 9 4Vi" * SVi", 9" x 6Vi" x SVi" or 9" x 9" x 2 Vi" -- Concluded 1 Vi" Rise Per Fool of Span S|aii 5*- 3* 5#- 4* S'- 5" 5 - 6' S'- 7' S'- 8' 5' 9* 5'-10' S' IS* 6'- 0' 6'- 1' 6'- 2' 6'- 3' 6'- 4' 6'- 5" (>'- 6' 6'- 9' r 0' r 3" T 6" r 9" 8' 0' 8' 3' 8' 6' 8' 9' 9' 0" 9' 3' 9' 6" 9*- 9* 10'- 0' 10'- 3' 10'- 6' 10'- 9' 11'- 0' 11' 3' 11' 6' 11' 9* 12'- 0" 12'- 3' 12' 6* 12' 9" 13'- 0' 13 - 3' 13'- 6' 13' 9' 7 Vi" 8" 8V" 8 Vi' 8>i" 8Vi* aV*' 8!i' BVi" 9" 9 Vi' 9 Vi ' 9 Vi' 9 Vi' 9V' 9 Vi' 10'*" KVi* 10 Vi" 11 Vi' II Vi' I'-O* r o|' r 0 'i * i'-iV r iVi' 11 Vi' 12 Vi * r-2VB" !'-3' l'-3Vi" l'-3Vi' r 4*g" l' 4 Vi * r-4Vi' l'-s>4" l'-SV*' !'-6* I' 6`" 1' 6*4" 1' 71 b ' jr2' V-T-t I'-B'.i' r 8SS" Juaide Radius 5' b'4,*" 5'- 8" S'- 9 J,," S' 10 `8* 5' 11 V 6- 0V 6' 1 V,*" 6'- 2 *H' 6'- 3 Vi*" 6' 4 * 2" 6' 5 1,*" 6'- b Vi' 6'- 70,,*" 6' 6'- 9'Vit' .r.....2?i!,"*" V 5 Vi" 7'- 8 V,*' 711 5" 8' 2V,*' 8 - 6" 8' 9 4,*" 9' 0 9' 3 ',*" 9 - 6 J," 9'- 9*V,*' 10' 1 10' 4 V,*" 10' 7 Vi" 10' 10",*" 11'- 1 >i' 11'- S ,*" 11'- 8 Vi" 11' ii *,*" 12'- 2 V" 12 S11,*" 12' 9" 13' 0 4,*' !-' 1 13' b *,*" 13' 9 ' 14' 0'V16" 14' 4 `a" 14' 7',*' Number Requited Per Coufir N* 2 No. 1 No 1 X Wedge Wedge Wedge Straight Total 4 26 4 27 3 28 30 31 31 3 28 3 29 2 30 2 31 2 31 1 32 31 32 32 11 31 33 1 33 33 34 35 3b 3b 36 36 31 34 35 35 3f, 3b lb 2 38 36 3 39 3b 4 10 36 5 41 36 7 13 3b 8 \ 1 3b 9 15 36 10 JO Jll 12 48 3b 13 49 do 14 50 JO IS 51 36 17 S3 3b 18 54 3b 19 55 36 20 5b 36 22 58 36 23 59 36 24 ou 36 25 61 3b 27 01 3b 28 61 3b 29 65 3b 30 66 36 32 OH 36 33 69 3b 34 70 3b 35 71 36 37 73 91 9" ARCH THICKNESS-- WEDGE BRICK 9" * 414" * 3", 9" * &%'' x 3" Of 9" x 9" x 3" 1 *4" Rise Per Foot ol Span TU Ial4* in t lif liarHi la< fi ? 1 J* i " a 9 ' a J'* mrli htitk by euhatilistmg 1. 2 an.) 1 hiiIi hr ii k ftn Ihr rotseagtomfing wedge biuk. S|*mi HlS<- InsultRadius Number Required Per I'umar No. i No. 2 No. ! Wedge Wedge Wedge Tot Ml r h" Is 7" 1 H* 1' 9" I 10" r ii* 2V 2'8" 2',4* 2 V' 2*4" 2'k" 1* 7 V I' 8 li,," r 9 `4* r so 4,t" rn *" 2' 0 V <} H 8 8 7 7 i 2 2 ;i 4 3 to 10 10 11 11 11 2" U" r- r 2' 2" 2 .1' 2' 4" 2' 5" .1" 3* e" 314* .!* 3'4" 3S8* 2 1 *4" 2' 2 fto" 2' 3 V 2'- 8'life" 2'- 5 2'- 0**14' 7 0 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 7 a H 12 12 12 13 13 11 2 6* 3*4" r- ? V .s 9 2' 7" 3'n" r 8'5tei* 4 10 2' 8" 4" 2' 10" 4 10 2' <l" 41 H " r ii Ii6* 4 11 2' IIS* 4*4* 3' o *r 3 12 211* 4!k" 3 1 ht" .1 12 14 II 14 IS 15 IS r o" j* i" .r 2* .r .r S' `I" .r s " 4 Vi" 45," 4*4" 4 Ik" 5* S'" -S' 2 *4" .3 3 5u" 3 4 *r 3' S life* S' 6 vr S' 7 v*_ 3 2 2 1 1 1 13 14 IS 1(> 16 17 16 16 17 17 17 18 r o' ,i` 7" .1' 8" I 9" S' 10* 3 11" 5*4" 51, " sir sir sir sir S' 8 *i' S' >* hr s' it* vr S' u'hft* 4' 0 Ik* 4 I'flfe" 18 18 18 18 17 2 19 17 2 19 16 3 19 16 4 20 r o* 4' i" 4' 2* 4' .1" 4' 4" I 5" 6" o'," oir fe*r f.*i" 65," 4' - 3" 4' 4 Ii," 1' s *r S' ft lift" 1' 7 V4 * 4' 8 In," 16 4 20 15 S 20 15 6 21 15 6 21 14 7 21 14 8 22 4'- >" 4* 7* 4' 8" 4'- 4" 4' 10" 4' II" 6*4" 6ir 7* 7*r 7*4" 7 *" 4' 9 'g* 1 m lift" 4' 11 >.i " S' !lft" S' 1sr S' 2"lft" 14 8 22 11 9 22 11 10 23 11 10 23 12 11 23 12 12 28 *)2 CitHhuurci <m iw-eI g>*ge L ,1 L L I 1 [ [ C [ E I 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" x 4 Vi" x 3", 9" x 63/" x 3" o. 9" x 9" x 3" -- Concluded Tlus table v* be ward alto l* 1.1* j" 8 *"6 biuk s> aubaliiuliMg N<j>9 t 2 end 3 ends brisk f**i Hie s *ieajstm.hiBg wedge Ink k Sinac lilMiif RmiIius Number K|uircd i*ff Cotnar No 2 Hu 1 Wedge Wedge Straiagbt Td*l S' o* s'. I* S' 2" 3" S' 4" 5' 5* 7 vr H' 14 * 7/8* 8" 8*i" s- j *r S' 4'hft' S' 5 s' b`5ift" S'- 8" S' 9 life" *2 12 ii n 11 in 12 13 14 14 15 16 24 25 25 25 it? 26 5r~ 6' S' 7* S' 8' 5' 9* 5' 10" 5' 11* 8*4* 8`k" 8 */2' 85k" s*/r alk" s' io *r S' 11 lu* o' o *r 6* 1 ''It' 6' 2 *k" 6' .1 *1(1" 10 9 9 8 8 8 io 18 18 19 20 20 26 27 17 27 28 28 6' 0" 6? 1' 6' 2* 6' 3* {' 4* 6` 5" 9" 6' 4 i" 7 21 9* r 6' 5 *,fe" 7 22 914" 6' 6 1," 7 22 9 Ik* 6'- 7**14" h 23 9*/r 6' 8 *4* b 24 95k" ft'- 9*l|ft" 6 24 28 29 29 29 30 30 <' 6" 6 7" <r 8* 9" 6' 10" 6* 11" 9*4' ft'- 10 Ik" S 25 914" 10** 67', ll'llft" 5 5 26 26 1io0**,4** 7' 2 r 3 *,' 1 27 28 I0*M* r i *lfe* 1 28 30 31 31 31 32 32 r 0" r 1' r 2* r 3" V 4" r 5" in* r 7- s *r 3 29 io5," r o 5,ft" J 30 ioir 7' 7 -*r 3 30 1014" r K ?," 3 31 11" 7 9 *r 2 12 ll*r 7' 10 2 32 32 33 33 34 34 34 T 6" r 7" T 8" r 9" r 10" r 11" nl4" ii*," un5li,"" 11*4" ii Ik" 711 V' 8' 0",ft" 8' 1 V 8' 2*}" 8' 3 ?r H' 4*'ift" 2 13 1 34 1 34 .16 lb 3b 35 JS JS 36 36 36 H3 0 " ft' 6" 9 Cl" 9' 6" 10' 10' 6~ r cr l- 0u" r i*r 1' 2*4" r 3" r 3 *v" H' b" 9' 0 9 f. <r nr 1 *r 10' 7 *," ir 1 V 1 37 J6 3 39 36 5 41 th 7 43 36 9 45 36 u 47 93 9" ARCH THICKNESS WEDGE BRICK 9" 4 Vi" * 2 Vi", 9" x 6 Vi" x 2'A" ot 9" x 9" x 2 Vi" 1.608" Rtre Per Foot of Span (60 Cential Angle) SllHIl Kbc Insu|<- 1' 6* r 7" i' - H" r H" i' Us' r 11" r - 0* X i" x - 2" x 3* x- 4" x s* X 6* X 7" X a" X X 10' X ii" 3'- 0" 3' 1" 3'- 2" X 3* x 4' 3 S" 3' 6* 3' 7' 3' K" f O' 3' 10' 3' 11" 4' 0* 4'- 1" 4'- 2" 4'- 3" 4' 4" 4' 5* 4'- (" 4*. 7* 4'- a* 4' 0" 4' HI" S' II" 5'- 0" 5'- 1" S' 2" 2 2'V,fc* 2'*16* j'y* -* Yu i ht" 3'!,,* 1V .1 V' .1 1 lli" 1 V' 1 V' 1 V' 1 V" ,, . i'hg"___ 4'!|6* 4*111" 5 * 5 V' 5"u" 5 >/' 5 -i' 5 V," 5*V < 1,/' 6 <* V' 6 ?l* 6 ?ifc" OH,/' <>*]./' 0*!,/ 1 }./' 7 ',4" 7 !s" 7 Vi* 7V 7*V' 7*V 8 ! (/' 8 !iu" >16* i - 4" j* 7" r 8" r - s)w V 111" r 11* X 0" X x 21,,' X 3" X - 4' X 5* X 6" X 7" X H' X 9" X 10* X II" 3 0" 3 1" 3' i" X 3" y 4' 3'- 5* y 6* 3'- 7" 3' B' y 9" 3'-10* 3' It" 4'- 0' 4'- r 4'- 2* 4' 3* 4' 4" 4' 5" 4' 6* 4'- 7" 4'- 8' 4' 0" 4' 10" 4' 11" S'- 0* s' r 5' 2" Numlin Krtjuii^l Per Cocsre? No. 2 No 1 No. I X Wfslgc Wedge Welg*' Total 75 60 5H 19 3 10 3 II 12 12 13 13 13 M 2 12 2 13 1 14 15 15 15 14 15 15 15 i lb i 16 __ _ __ 15 H li II 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 II 2 17 3 17 4 18 4 18 5 IH f 19 6 19 7 20 H 20 9 21 9 21 10 21 II 1 1 22 11 11 22 11 12 23 10 13 23 10 13 23 10 14 24 9 IS 24 0 16 25 9 16 25 0 17 26 K ia 26 IB 26 a 10 27 7 20 27 7 21 28 7 21 28 6 22 28 6 23 29 (> 2J 29 (i 24 30 5 25 3(1 Cuntmurd *m utst gmge j 71 ] n ] i 3 l j i 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" X 4Vi" * 2Vi", 9" x 6V" * 2Vi`* or 9" x 9" x 2 Vi" Concluded 1.608" Rile Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) l Ntembei Hr<|uur<l iVi Cuuisc llUlili* Ktttliiii No 1 No. 1 X Wedge Wedge Straight Total 5' 3* 5' 4" 5' 5" 5` 4* 5' 7* 5 *r 5' 9 ' 5' 10" S' 11" Is' 0" !>' 1" li' 2" 1/ 3 " 6' 4" <' 5" <*' 4' 6' 7" 4' a' 6' 9* 7' a" 7' 3* 7' 6* r 9* 8' 0* H' J" 8' 4" 8' 9y 0' 0" 9' J* 9" 6* 9* y* 10' 0' 10' 3* 10' 6* 10' 0* 11' 0* ll' 3* 11' 6* 11' 9* 1122'' 4" 3* 12' 12' y" 13' 0" 13' 3* 'it" a >,*" s*V' 8*',/' aJVu" 0 1 B" 0T 9V 9 Vi" 5' 3" S'- 4* 5'- 5" 5' 4* S' 7* 5' a' 5' 0* S' 10* S' IS" 9'*,/' 9*5,/ 9**,i" 10 Uu* 10 Jib" Ml V (>'* ii" 4'- l" 6'- 2" 4'- 3* (>'* 4" 4'- 5" 10 V' Ul,/ io*!w" lo*',/' "17- *4^ 4'- 7" (' 8* to'- 9* ll V," H*!s/ 1' o ,,* v mu' 7'- 0" 7'- 3" 7'- 6" T- 0* r o '' r i ** r l*1,/' S' 2 a'- J* 8*- 3* H' 4* H*- 1' 215/*' r-2 <i* I ' 3 ,/' l'-3",i6* o'- 0s' 9'- 3* 9`- 6* o'- 9* l'-4 !'u,' r 4'5i/' r 4 %* 1' 5 ?,/ 10'- 0* 10'- 3" 111'- 6" 10' 0* r-s,l4" 1' fs *,/' r 6 ' -2" i#*6 II'- 0* It'- 3* II'- 6* ir- 0* r-7 %" 1' 7<V' r a *,/' r a 1 /' 12- 0* li'- 3* 12' 4* 12' 4" i' a*?,/' r-9 v IV 0" li 3" 5 20 5 26 T 27 1 2B 4 2H t 20 1 29 A 30 A 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 3.1 33 34 3 31 .$ 32 2 33 2 34 2 34 1 35 34 35 35 36 36 36 1 36 l 3(i 1 37 38 37 37 38 38 38 i 39 38 3 41 38 4 42 38 5 43 38 6 44 38 8 46 38 9 47 38 10 18 n38 "49 38 13 51 38 14 52 38 15 S3 38 16 54 38 18 56 38 19 57 38 20 58 38 21 59 38 21 <>! 38 24 62 38 25 61 38 24 64 AH 28 66 38 29 67 18 m 68 AH 32 70 \n i A 71 95 9" ARCH THICKNESS _ WEDGE BRICK 9" x 4 Vi" * 3", 9" x 6Vi" X 3" or 9" x 9" x 3" 1.608" Rise P#r Foot of Span (60 Central Angle) This tabic can I*r uartl also fi 8.1/' s 9" * .1" tali brick by substituting Nw. I, 2 and J arch brick for the roi responding wedge brick- Span Rise Inside Radius Number Required Per Course No. 3 No, 2 No 1 Wedge Wedge Wedge Total V- 6* rr- a* r- 9* r io* i'-n' 2*. 0' r- i' 2'- 2' 2'- 3* 2'- 4' 2'- 5* 2'- 6' 2'- 7' 2'- 8' 2 - 9' 2'-10' 2'-l 1' 3'- 0' 3'- 1* 3'- 2* 3'- 3' 3' 4' 3'- 5' 3'- 6' 3'- 7' 3'- 8' 3 - 9' 3'-I0' 3'-l I' 4'- 0' 4'- 1' 4'- 2' 4' 3' 4'- 4' 4'- S' 4'- b* 4'- 7' 4'- 8' 4'- 9' 4'-l9' 4-11' 96 a'Ki* 3%' 2`Ha* 2!Ha' 2*Ma* 3 Hi* 3 Hi* 3"/ii* 3%' 3 Vi' 3 V4' 3 ;/* 4 Hi* 4 Ki* 4 Hi* 4 He* 4 Ha* 4%' 4`Ha* 4 %' 5 Hi* 5 Hi* 5* Hi* 5 Vi* 5 Vi* 5 Vli* 52Hi* 8 Hi* 6 Jii' 0 Hi* 6 He' ft Ha* 6`Ha' 6JHi* 3Hi* 7 Hi* 7 Vi' 7 3i' 7 Vi* 7 Vi' 7'Hi* 73Hi* 1'- o7a' r- s' 1'- 9' 1*-10* I'll* 2' 0* 2'- 1' 2'- 2* 2' 3" 2'- 4" 2' S' 2'- 6" 2' 7' 2' 8" 2'- 9" 2'-10' 2'-l 1 * 3'- 0" 3' I' 3'- 2' 3' 3" 3'- 4' 3'- S' 3 - 6' 3'- 7" 3' 8' 3'- 9' 3'-10* 3' 11' 4'- 0' 4' 1" 4'- 2" 4'- 3" 4'- 4" 4'- S' 4' (s' 4'- 7' 4 - 8* 4'- 9' 4'-10" 4'-l 1' 10 9i 92 92 83 8 S 84 75 76 76 67 68 59 59 S 10 4 11 4 11 4 12 3 13 3 13 3 14 2 15 2 16 2 16 1 17 1 18 1 18 10 10 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 lb lb IS 15 IS 14 Continued on neat page 1 2 2 3 1 :i 1'* (> 7 8 8 9 10 10 til 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 IS 16 lb 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 n 22 23 23 23 24 24 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" x 4'A" x 3", 9" x 6%" x3''or 9"* 9" x 3" --Concluded 1.608" Rite Per Foot of Span (60 Central Angle) Tin. |.l.lr cn he Led for H i `` * hr"V >'Y .ul>.tnutmg N< I. 2 amt 1 an li Unit loi tin- i..ric>|>n.tmg wedge brick. Span Rise Insitle Radius Number Required Per Course No 2 No 1 Wedge Wedge Straight Total 5'- 0" S' 1" S'- 2' S'- 3" S' 4" 5' 5" 5' 0' 5 7" 5'- 8' 5'- 9' 5' 10' 5' II' 6' 0' 6' r 6' 2" 6' 3' 6` 4' 6' 5* 6s 6' 6' 7" 6' 8" 6' 9' 6s 10" ii If" r 0* r 1" V 2" r 3" V 4' r 5" T 6" r . q*' Hs 0* 8' 3' 8' 6* 9 0* 9 6" 10 0" 10' 6" 1! U* n 6" 12 0" 8 Hi" 8 Ha* 8 Ha" 8 Ha* 8 Via* 82Hi* 82Hi* 8JHi* 9 Vi* 9 Vi' 9 Vi' 9 Vi" 92Hi* 92Hi" 0-'*i/ 10 Via" 10 Vi*" 10 Ha" H) !|*' 10`Hi* i2Hi* io2H/" ii" ii V' n Vi" 11 V n'Hi* u2Hi* u2Hi* ll'Ha* I'- 0 Via" r- o*Hi* i0 Vi' !' 1 *i' r i21.i" 1'- 2'Hi* 1' 3 Hi" 1' 4 Ha' r 4 -a 1' s'H." r o 1 i" r ?V S'- 0' S'- 1' 5' 2" S'- 3" S'- 4' 5'- S' 5- S'- 7" S'- s' 89** S'-10' S' IS" 6' 0* 6- r ftf 2" 6 - 3" 6f- 4* u- 5" o'- b" 7" 6' 8" 6 - 9" 6' 10" 6' SI" T 0* rr T 2' T 3' r 4' r Jj * r ir r 9" 8' 0' 8' 1* 8' </ 9" 0" 9' 6" 10' (s' 10' Ii" SI' 0" 11' - t>" 12' 0" 14 10 14 u li 12 11 12 12 14 12 14 12 15 11 lb II 16 II 17 10 18 10 18 10 19 0 20 9 20 9 21 8 22 H 22 8 23 7 24 7 24 7 25 6 26 6 27 (> 27 5 28 5 20 4 30 4 30 4 31 3 32 2 34 1 36 38 38 38 38 38 38 J8 13 38 24 2S 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 IJ 34 34 34 35 35 36 37 38 s 39 3 41 5 43 7 4S 10 48 12 SO 14 52 If> St 97 9" ARCH THICKNESS-- WEDGE BRICK 9" * 4 Vi" x 214", 9" x 6*4" x 2Vi" or 9" x 9" x SV4" 2" Rist Per Foot of Span Span Kiee r 6* r 7' r 8* r 9* r 10* r u* 3' 3 Hi' 3%' 3 Vi' 311/* 3%' 2`- 0* 2' 1* 2' 2" 2' a* 2`- 4' 2` S' 4* 4 Hi' <%' 4 14' 4%' 2 6' 2' 7" 2' 8' 2' 9* 2' 10' 211' S' 5 ?,," -VH/' s vr 5%' 3' 0' 3' 1* 3' 2' 3' 3' 3'- 4" 3' 5' 6' 6 nr fc'KT Vi * 6<>j*i?,i-jrr 3' to' 3'- 7' 3'- 8' 3 - 9' 3' 10' 311' 4' 0' 4'- 1* 4'- 2' 4'- 3' 4'- 4' 4'- 5" 7' 7 H, " 7* Hi' 7 Vi" __ 8" a Vn" 8'Hi' 8 Vi" 4' 6' 4'- 7' 4' 8' 4' 9' 4' 10' 4' 11" 9" 9 Hi' 9!nr 9 Vi' *}*' 9%* S' Cl" 5'- 1" 5' 2* 10" 10 Hi' Jo'Hr 1 Imiilc Haclius r - 3" r Wu* r 4%' i' 5 W r 6>Hr i' 1 Yu l* 8* r "4f" r 9*WT i' 10 Vi' r-nn/M' 2'. 0 Yu" 2'- 1" 2'- 1 *lu" 2'- Wu 2*. 3 *4' 2'- 4'nr 2' 5 Yu 2' - 6" 2`- <r,r -2' - 2' s7j,/,/rr nr2' Jn.r 2' -io 211" 2' 1 lJ1u" a*- o^nr 3'- 1 */2" 3'- 2,r 3'- 3 Hi" 3'- 4" 3'- 4Hii' 3'- Sf/ii" 3'- 6 4' 3'- 7*!;r 3'- 8 Hi' 3'- 9" r- 9"u" 3'-IO 3' 11 Vi" 4'- 0'Hi' 4'- 1 Yu" 1'- 2" 4'- 2%' 4'- 3**4* NumBser KctjulicU Pei Course No. 2 No. 1 No. I X Wedge Wedge Wedge Total si 2 to 3 95 86 77 78 13 13 14 14 14 15 <i 9 6 10 5 II 4 13 J 14 2 IS 2 16 1 17 1 18 18 18 18 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 i 19 2 20 2 20 17 3 20 17 4 21 17 4 21 17 5 22 16 6 22 16 7 23 16 7 23 15 8 23 15 9 24 IS 9 24 15 10 25 14 11 25 14 12 26 14 12 26 13 13 26 13 14 27 13 14 27 13 15 28 12 16 28 12 17 29 12 17 29 11 18 29 11 19 30 11 19 30 11 20 31 10 21 31 10 22 32 Continued on next page ,L.J I.] 1.] 1.1 o [ 1 [.1 [1 0 n Ll Ll ['] Ll 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" x AW x 2Vi", 9" x 6*4" x 8 Vi" of 9" n 9" s 2V4**--Concluded j" Rise Per foot of Span Rite Inside Radius S'- J' 5 4" S'- 5" io w i*nr io*Hi" 4 - 4 *r 4'- 5*Hi' 4'- 6 Hi" 5'- 6* S'- 7" 5' 8" S'. <j 5'-10* S'-U" a" n Hi' nu/r u Vi' 11*`4' II%" 4'- 7" 4'- 74" 4' ,/ 4' 9 Vi' 4' 10'Hi" 411 Hi" 6' 0* 6' r 6'- 2* 6 - 3" 6'- 4* 6'- 5" r- o* l'- o Hi' i'- o4' i'- o 4* r- o*Hi" s' o*Hi" 5'- 0" s'- *nr 5'- lJ,/ii' 5 - 2 Vi' s*- 3**,r S'- 4 Hi" to' d"~" l1TM!'......... - g--s' 6' 7* r- i nr 5'- 5' 6'- 8* i'- i`!4* 5'- 6*>/,r 6'- 9* i' i Vi" S'- 7 Vi' 610" r iJI,ii" s'- 8*nr 6' IS" 1' I1?*" 5'- 9 Hi" ~Tr 0r" r 2" T 3* 7- 4" T 5" r o* r- 9" 8' 0" 8' 3* 8' 6" 9'- 0* 9' to" 10 0" 10' to" ir 0* 11 to" 12' 0* 12'- to" 13' 0" 13' to" 14' 0* 14 i." r 2* - 2 Hi" 2",r - 2 V'i" - 2,r - 2".i" - 3" 3 Vi" - 4" - 4 Vi" - 5" r - to" - 7" - 8" 9" 10* IS" 2' 0" 2' 1" 2'- 2" 2' 3* 2* 4" r - 5" 5' 10" s' io*nr s' n*i,r to'- 0 *i" 6' 1*V to'- 2 Hi" to'- 3" s.' 5 *, r 6'- 8* to'-10 Vi' r- i" 7'- to' 7'-ll" 8 - 4" 8' 9" 9'- 2" 9'- 7" HI' 0" SO' 5* Ilf 10" II'- 3" II' 8" 12 1" 1 S' 0" 2 6" 12 to" Number Kesjuircil Pee Course No i Nu. I X Wedge Wedge Straight Total 10 22 9 23 9 24 32 32 33 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 t> 6 ti s' ' s 5 5 4 1 3 -3 1 1 2 2 1 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 41 42 44 4to 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 17 47 47 47 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 18 38... 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 45 46 1 48 2 49 4 51 7 54 10 57 12 59 15 62 17 64 20 til 22 09 25 72 28 75 10 77 .13 80 35 82 99 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" x 4VV' * 3", 9" x 6%" x 3" or 9" x 9"x 3"' 2"' Rit@ Per Foot of Span Title table can be urd less 1.1*/* x V a 3`* arch brick, by substituting Noe. I. 2 ansi 3 arch buc k for the u>r(Ci|KmJing wedge brick. S|aii Rise Inside Radma Number Rc^uiml Per Course No. 3 No i No. 1 Wedge Wedge W.dge Total 1* 10" r-ii" 2'- 0" 2'- I* 2'- 2" 2'- 3' 2'- 4' 2'- 5' 2'- 6* 2'- 7* 2'- 8" 2' 9" 2' JO' 2-11" 3' 0' 3' 1' 3'- 2' 3'- 3* 3 - 4" 3'- 5" 3%' 3%' 4" 1 >k' 4%,' 4 '4* 4%' 4%' S' s 5k' s%,' 5 Vi' 5*!k* 5%' 6" 6 5ii' 6s Ik' 6 Vi' 6%,' 6%," 1- b%," i'- ^ Yu" 1' 8" 1' 8%,* r- 9%,* r io >/," I'-nMk* 2* 0 ft," 2 - 1' 2' 1%,' 2' 2%,* 2' 3 Vi" 2' 4%," 2'- 5 3k" 2'- b' 2'- 6%,* 2'- 7,,' r e /,' 2' 9",ti' 2' io 3m* 12 II 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 i 2 3 4 4 5 (> 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 14 12 12 It l.r 14 14 14 IS IS IS lb lb lb 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 3'- 6' 7* 2' -11* 4 IS 3'- 7" 7 3k' 2' 11%," 4 lb 3'- S' 7*Jk' 3'- 0%," 4 lb 3'- 9* 7 Vi' 3'- 1 Vi* 3 17 3-10' 7.k' 3'- 2",k" 3 18 311" 7%,' 3'- 3 3m' 3 18 4'- 0" 8' 3'- 4' 2 19 4' 1* 4 - 2" 5k* 8s Ik' 3'- 4%,' 3'- 5"/./ 2 2 20 20 4"- 3* 8 vi' 3'- b 1 i ' 1 21 4'- 4" 3'- 7%,' 1 22 4'~ 5" *%' 3*- 8 3 k" 1 22 4' 6" 4'- 7' 4'- 8' 4'- 9' 4' 10' 4' 11' S'- 0' S' 1' S' 2' S'- 3" 9' 9 ft,* 9'!,/' 9 Vi' 9% 9%,' 10' 10 3' 10%,' to V,* 3'- 9" 3'- 9%' 3'-10%,' 3-11 Vi' 4'- O'Vm' 4' 1 ft," 4'. 2" 4'- 2%," 4' 3%,* 4'- 4 Vi' 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 20 20 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 i 24 i 24 3 25 .1 25 4 25 5 2b S 2b f 26 7 27 10(1 Conlimir.l next page 'l 1 1] u N [] n n 0 i U n i] i] u i u - 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" x 4Vs" x 3", 9" x tyA" x 3" or 9" s 9" x V . --Concluded ' 2" Rise Per Foot ol Span This table can be used fur |3'/! a 9" x I" arch brick, by substituting Noa. I, 2 and I arch brick for the < >i rea|K>ndiug wedge brick. Span Rise Inenle Ratlins Number Required |*er Course No. 2 No | Wedge Wedge Straight Total S'- 4* S'- s" 10%" 10%,' 4'- 5'* i. 4'- 0 ft," 20 19 7 8 27 27 5'- 6' S'- 7' S'- 8' S'- 9' S'-IO' 511" 11' 11 ft," n'!k' li Vi" n%," 11%' 4'- 7' 4'- 7%,' 4'- 8'! m' 4'- 9 Vi' 4' 10%,' 4-11 3m" 19 19 19 18 18 17 9 9 10 II II 13 28 28 29 29 29 30 b' 0" b - 1' 6 - 2' 6'- 3' 6'- 4' 6 5* b'- 6' 6'- 7* b' 8' b'- 9' u 10' b'-ll' r- o* 1'- 0 5k' r- o%' r- o Vi' 1'- 0%,' l' o%,* r- i* i'- i ft," i'- i",k' 1'- i Vi' %' i'- %,' S'- 0' 5'- 0%,' S'- 1%,' 5' 2 /,' S'- 3,k" S'- 4 3ij" S'- S" S'- 5%," S'- b,,5 7 Vi' S'- 8%,' S'- 9 3m" 17 16 lb lb IS IS IS IS 14 14 14 S3 13 14 IS 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 39 30 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 7 - 0' rr 7'- 2' 7'- 3' T- 4" 7 - 5* 7'- 6' 7' 7' 7' S' T- 9' 7' 10' ?'-!!' 8'- 0' 8 - 1* H' 2' 8' 3' B' (>* s' o' 9'- b* 10' 0* 10' b' 11' 0' r 2* l - 2 3|," 2%,' 1'- 2 >/,' 1'- 2%,' r 2%,* 1' 3' 1'- 3ft,' 1'- 3%' 1 3 Vi' r 3%/ 1'- 3%,' l'- 4* 1'- 4 3m" 1' 4"s," r4 1' S' V u" 1'- 7' 1' 8* 1 9' r io" S'-IO' 5'-10%,* S'-11%,' b'- 0 ' O'- 1%,' o'- 2 3m' 6'- 3" b' 3%,' O'- 4%," b 5 Vi* o'- OMm" 6'- 7 3m* b' 8' 6'- 8%,' b' 9%," b' 10 ' 7'- 1" 7'- b* 7 11" 8' 4" 8' 9" <r 2 s' II 12 12 11 II II 10 10 10 HI <> 9 8 8 7 tl .) 2 21 23 23 24 25 2S 2b 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 31 33 JS 39 43 47 47 47 34 35 35 35 36 Jb 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 41 43 45 47 2 49 4 51 Hi 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" a 4'/*" * 2Vi", 9" * 634" * 2Vi" or 9" a 9" a SVi" S?j6" | Rise Per Fool of Span S|mn Rise Ineule Radius Number Required Per Course No 2 No 1 No. 1-X Wedge Wedge Wedge Total r t# r 7" r- b* 1 9" r io" in" 3`Hr' 3*Hr" 3'Hr" 4 !" 4 Hr' 4%' \` I'Hr" 1' 2 Ha" r 2`K' r- 3"/,t' l'- 4 Vie" i'- SVW' 14 13 12 11 10 10 i 2 4 5 6 14 14 14 15 15 lb 2 - 0" 4'Hr" r S%" 9 7 2' 1' 1'- b'Ha' 9 8 2'- 2" 5" 1'- 7 He' 8 9 2'- J* 5 V' 1'- 8 J|*' 7 11 2'- 4" s Vi' 1'- 8*Vj6 6 12 2'- S" s H*" 1'- 9/U' 5 13 16 17 17 18 18 18 2'- 6* 5 V' r io Vi' 5 14 2'- 7" 51?,6 ' I'll Hr' 4 IS 2' 8" 6 T 11 Air' 3 17 2'- 9" 2' U",,," 2 18 210" <>%" 2' 1'Hr" 2 19 211" b'Hr" 2' 2 Hr" 1 20 19 19 20 20 21 21 3' 0" 3' r 3- 2 3 - 3" 3'- 4" 3'- 5" 3'- 6" 3 - 7" 3 - 8" 3 - 9" 3-10' 3'-U" 6'Hr" 7 Hr" 7 Hr" 7'Hr" 7%" 7V 8 Vis" 8 Vi" 8 Vis" 8 Vi" 8'fU" 9 Vir" 2'- 2",r' 2'- 3'Hr' 2'- 4'Hr' 2'- 5 Hr' 2*- S'Hr" 2'- 6"i," 2~~7'!u" 2'- 8 li' 2'- 8 Vi' 2'- 9 H ' 10 Vi' 2' 11 li' 21 21 21 i 22 21 i 22 21 2 23 20 3 23 20 4 24 20 4 24 20 5 25 19 6 25 19 6 25 18 8 26 18 8 26 4'- 0" 4 - l" 4'- 2* 4'- 3" 4'- 4" 4'- 5" 9 Hr" 9'Hr" 9'Hr' 9JHr" 9JHr" 10 Vn 211 Vi" 3'- 0 Vi" 3'- I /" 3'- 2 li* 3'- 2 Vi' 3'- 3 Vi" 18 9 27 17 10 27 17 11 28 17 II 28 16 12 28 16 13 29 4'- 6" 4'- 7' 4' 8' 4' 9" 4' 10" 411" 10 Vi' 10 io Vi' io'3lit" li Vi" 11 Via" 3'- 4 Vi" 3'- 5 Yu" y Sir' y- ft*Hr" 3'- 7"/,,' 3' 8 Hr" 16 13 29 16 14 30 IS 15 30 15 lb 31 IS 16 31 15 17 32 | More esactly. 2-JUi*n 102 Continued mi ncct |ge u u n u a nj - s' n.LJ nL J n 0 J 9" ARCH THICKNESS--WEDGE BRICK 9" a 4Vi" a 2'/*", 9" a 614" a 2Vi" or 9" a 9" a 2 Vi"--Concluded y2Vn" 1 Rise Per Fool of Span Span 5' 0" 5' |" 5' 2* 5' 3" 5s- 4' 5'- 5" Rssc 11 Vi* 11'Hr* U'Hr' r- 0 Hr' 1' Hr* 1'- 0>Hr" Inanle Radius y- 8'ijr" 3'- 9'V' 3' IO*1,!,* 311 Hr" -V-11 u' 4' O'Hr" Number Required Per Course No. 1 No. 1 X Wedje Wedge Straight Total 14 18 II 18 14 19 13 20 13 21 S3 21 32 32 33 33 34 34 5 - 6' 5'- 7' 5'- 8" 5' 9' 5-10" S' 11 * r o"/,," 1*- 0%* 1'- 1 H* I '- I >4* 1'- 1 Vis' i'- i V*" 4- l!,r" 4'- 2 Vis' 4'- 2'H.,' 4'- 3 Hs' 4'- 4 Hs' 4' 5 lie" SI 12 12 12 11 11 22 23 23 24 25 26 35 35 35 36 36 37 6' 0* b' 1* b - 2" b'- 3* 6'- 4* >' 5" i'- l'He" r- 2" 1' 2 Vie" r- 2 VB" I' 2'Hr* 1'- 2'Hr ' 4'- 5<l,s' 4'- b ?,*" 4'- 7 He" 4' 8 lie* 4'- H'H" 4' 9 H" 11 11 10 10 10 0 2b 27 28 29 29 30 6f 6* r- 2j!j/ 4'IOHs" 0 31 b - 7" 1'- 3 Hr' 4' 11 Yu" y 31 6'- 8" 1'- 3"/,r" 4*11 'Hr' 0 32 b'- 9" r- 3%' S'- o'Vi," 8 33 b' 10" 1'- 3'Hr* S'- 1 fir" K 31 b' 11" r 3'Ht" S 2 8 34 T 0" 1' 4 V S'- 2'Hr" 7 35 7'- 1" 1'- 4 H*' 5'- 3'Hr" 7 3b 7' 2* 1'- 4 Vi' 5'- 4 Hr" 7 36 r- 3" 1'- 4%' S'- 5 Hr" 7 37 7'- 4' 1'- 4 Vi' S'- 5'Hr" 6 38 7' 5' 1'- SMs' S'- 6*Hr" 6 39 7` 6' 1!- 5 Hr' S'- 7 Hr" b 39 7* 7" 1'- S%" S'- 8 5 41 7' 8' 7*. tJ* r- 5%' r 5%" S'- 8 Vi" S' 9 Vi" 5 4 4) 42 7' 10' 1'- 6'/,,' S'-10 <i" 4 43 7' 11' r- & Vi," S'-11 * 1 41 37 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 8' 0' 1'- O'Hr' 5 11 4* 4 41 8 6' 1' 7 Hr" 6'- 4 Vi" 2 48 O' 6" 1' B'Hr' 6'- 8*},," S3 r <>* 1' 9 V T 1 Vu" S3 10' 0" 10' 6" I' ll Hr* 2' 0 ?i*' r- s*ip," r io '16* 53 S3 Mote tiacUy , l JOi". 48 50 53 3 56 5 58 H hi 9" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 9" * 4V4" x 3", 9" * 63,4" x 3" or 9" s 9" x 3" 8'it," I Rise Per Poor of Span Tliis table tan be used also for I 11 t" * 0" x y arrb bin It by eubetitutir New. 1 , 2 hik! 1 tin li bs it k Ini ibe *4111 rapmtriuig wedge brick. Span Ksrr Itieirie Hadiss Number Requited l*er Corner No. 3 No 2 No. 1 Wedge Wedge Wedge Total 2 0" r- r r- 2* 2' .1" 2r 2'- S' 4*V 4*5,3* 5* SV 5V 5 V' V 5<V' r i 7 ur r 8 116" r 8*516' 1' 9! i,," 11 11 i.i 12 12 a 1 l J A 4 14 14 14 IS IS 15 r <i* 2' 7' 2'- 8" 2'- 9' 2' 10* 211' 5V 5'>h," 6^ I'm hr I' ll hi" 1' !!%' 2'- 0*Hi" 2'- I'll/ 2'- 2 hi" 11 11 Ml 10 n> 10 5 5 6 7 7 8 10 16 16 17 17 18 J 0" .1 r y 2* j j* j 4* y s' y 0* y 7" y 8" y 9* y 10* 3 11" O'"*,/' v hi" y hr 7*5,3* y'\,r 8 *16* 8 *4" 8 hr '* 8**16* 9 \u" 2'- 2*1,3* 2* 2' 4'*,3* 2'- 5 ',/ 2'- 5'?,/' *' `'hi! r- 7*1,2* 2`- 8 * *" 2` - 8 'i* r - 9 %* 2' 10 *h" 2' a la" 9 f 8 8 7 7 7 b b 1. 6 s 9 9 11 11 12 13 13 14 IS IS 16 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 r 0* 4'- r 4' 2" 4' 3" 4'- 4" 4' 5" 9 hr 9*5 12" 9`H/ 9`hr 9 ' 10 5^" 2' a vr X - 0 ha" 3' - 1 *" J'- 2 3' - 2 Vs" 3' 3 ha" 4 4 4 3 J 3 18 19 19 20 21 21 4 6' 4' 7" 4' 8" 4' 9" 4' 10" 411" in *ir 10 ?i6* 10 *.t" 10%' 11 *#" a 5,6* 3*- 4 3' 5 *,2" y - 5**32* y - 6*'u" 3' 7*!i2" .r - s hr i 22 2 23 2 23 2 24 1 2S 26 5'- 0' 5' I" 5' 2" S'- i" 5'- 4* 5 S* a Vi" a**,/' 11**12" r 0 -;/ r- 0*32" 1'- 0i%r -,1 8**32" 3' - 9>?l2* y o*H/' y a hr i' a*',," y - O'?,," 27 26 26 26 25 25 | Mure ckfictSy, 2 302", 22 23 21 21 24 24 25 25 25 26 2b 26 27 1 27 1 27 2 28 3 28 4 29 I CM Continued m unst page LJ LJ u rT lJ [] [] n 9 n 0 l`j iJt ARCH THICKNESS WEDGE BRICK 9' X 4'/," X 3", 9" X 63,4" X 3" 9" x 9" x 3"--Concluded | Rise Per foot of Span Tlu table ceil be uteri Uo fur IJ! j" s 0" i l" null liink by eulwtituting Noe. I. 2 and J arch briri tor Ibe (t>iK9))uiulme wedge buck Sgrall Hue Inside Radios Number Required Per Cuune No 3 No 1 Wcjgr Wc.lge Straight Tula! 5' b" S'- 7" 5' 8" 5 9" 5 10' 511" 1' o*!,,' I'- 0*14,' i`1'- 1 1 hvrr i'- 1 hr 1'- 1 hr I' 1",3* 4'- 2 Hx* 4'- 2%" 4'- 3*36* 4'- 4 5,6 ' 4'- s hr 1. 0" b- 1" 6'- 2' b' 3' O'- 4' 6' 5" >' 6" 0*- 7' (>' 8* b'- 9" 6' 10' W 11 * r i%" ~4~s>hr~ r 2" 4' 6 hr r- 2 4'- 7 5i*" 1'- 2 4' 4'- 8 116* 1'- 2%" 4' 8* lit" i'- vhr 4'- 9?i6* --r 2*`p' 1 *' J\ 33h/,rr 3'hr |' 3`hi" vhr 4' 10 5,t" 411 u,' 4'- li**,,' 5'- 01'j," s'- 1 hr 5' 2 ',13* 7' 0" 7' 1' 7' 2* 7' 7' 341 "* 7'- 5" 4V 4 >,*' '- 4 vr 4*1,6' '- 4 Va" 5 Ug" 5' 2*553* S' 3<H3' S' 4 *13" S' 5 1(3* 5' 5*5,3 " S' b* Hi" V 6' r 7* V- 8' V 9' V 10' ?'- 11" S *,13' ~5' '7 %r 5%" 5' 8 H3' ' 5**43' 5' 8 *,,' 5*143* 6 Hi" 5' 9 vr 5' 10 vr 6 Hr* 5' a* a' 0* 8' 3* 8' 6" 8'- 9' 9' 0* 0` 6" 10' 0' 10' 6* a' 0* a' 6" 12 0* 12' 0* ' 6`hr 7* 7 hr 8 !,/ *- **/,3" ' 9 lx" t' n ',r 2' 0 *,gT 2'-1 hr 2'- 2>5,3* 2' 3 V 2'- 4*5,3* 5' ii a vr 2" 6` 4 *4" 6' 6*5,3* b' 8*Hi" 7' i hr T V H` S*U6 ' 10 Il6* 2*!,3" 8' 7 5,3" 8' 11 9' 4 V' 25 24 24 23 21 21 22 22 22 21 21 20 20 20 19 10 19 18 18 18 17 17 lb lb lb 15 15 IS 14 11 14 12 a 10 9 7 5 .1 4 29 5 29 6 30 7 30 7 30 8 31 " o' 9 10 II 12 13 31 31 32 32 33 33 13 33 14 34 15 34 15 34 16 35 17 35 -- 17 ~ 35 18 3b 19 3b 20 37 21 37 21 37 22 38 23 38 23 38 24 39 25 39 25 39 26 40 29 41 31 42 33 43 35 44 39 4b 44 49 48 51 53 53 53 2 55 53 4 57 53 1 60 | More ciactly, 2.2112". UH 12" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 12" x 4 Vi'' * 3", 12" * 6" * 3" or 12" 9" 3" 1.608" Rie Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) >an Hue Inside Radius Number Required |Jei Course Nu 2 No. 1 No. I X* Wedge Wedge Wedge Total 6' 0* 6'- r <r- 1)" t/ 0" r 0* r .* T- 6" r- 9" 911 w* 10 '.ifc io 10%* 11 !4* 11%' 1'- o };" I' o%" 6*- 0 " 3* (' 6" 6'- 9 ' 7'- 0" 7'- 3" 7'- 6* 7'- 9* 21 9 20 11 19 13 18 15 17 17 10 19 15 21 SI 23 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 8' 0* 8' .1" 8'- 6" 8' 9* i'- o Vi* r- i Vi* 1'- 1%* r- 2 '.u* 8'- 0* 8'- 3* 8'- 6* 8 - 9* 13 25 12 27 11 29 10 31 38 39 40 41 y 0" <y- 3* s' 6" 0'- 9" 1'- 2%* r 2 V* 1 3 ,,* l'- 3",,,* 9 0* 0' 3* >'* 6* 9 - 0" 8 34 7 36 6 38 5 40 42 43 44 45 HI' 0" 10' 3" to fW 10 9* 1- 4 ,*" r 4'>w* 1'- 4 VB* 1'- 5 *u* 10' 0* 10'- 3" 10' 0* 10'- 9" 4 42 44 3 *16 1 49 46 48 49 50 ir 0" ir 3" u 6" n' 9" 11 /'-- f65- 'U\!t|6i *"f 1 - D \'2 r- r> 7 g* 11' 0" ir 3* ir f." ii* 9* 51 51 50 2 52 48 5 53 47 7 54 12' * 12' s' 12' o" 12' 9* 1' 7 1U* 1'- 7*11*" 1' 8 >" r- 8 Vi* 12'- 0" 12' 3" 12' 6* 12- 9" 46 9 55 45 11 56 44 1.1 57 43 15 58 n- 0" 13'- 3* 13'- 6* 13'- 9* 1'- %' 1'- 9 5it" 1'- 9%* 1'-10 fir* 13' 0* 13'- 3* 13' 0* 13'- 9* 42 17 59 41 19 6(1 40 21 61 39 23 62 14'- 0* 14 - 3" 14' b* 14' 9" I'-IO Vi" I'-UP'm' I' ll V* I'-UVa" 14' 0* 14' 3* 14'- 6* 14'- 9" 38 25 63 37 27 64 36 29 65 35 31 66 IS' 0" 2'- O1,* 15'- 0* 34 33 67 15'- 3* 2'- 0%* 15 - 3* 32 36 68 15'- 6* 2'- 0%" 15' 6" 32 38 70 IS'- 9" 2' 1 4," 15'- 9* 31 40 71 Continued on neat page `NOTE: The No. I-X Wedge is standard in Silica Material only. Fur Fireclay Msterml in the case of Arches with Sitans over II'U", use coinliiiislKiiti of No. I Wedge end Straight brick. The quantity of No. 1 Wedge brick remsini constant at St. The quantity of Straight brick is determined by subtracting SI from thc'quaniity given in the cidmnn "Totsl". 106 a a c a n a 12" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 12" x 4Vi" x 3" 12" s 6" 8 3" or 12" * 9" k 3"--Concluded 1.608" Rbe Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) Soan Rise Inside Radius Number Required Per Course Nu. 1 No l X* Wedge Wedge Straight Total 16' 0* 16 - 3" 16' 1)" 16'- 9" 2' 1 Hu" r 2 i* 2'- 2%* r 16' 0* 16 * 3* In'- 6" 16' 9* 17' 0" 17' 3* 17 - b* 17'- 9" r 3%" 2' 3%* 2 4 *.B" 2'- 4`V 17' 0* 17' 3" 17'- 6* 17' 9" 18' 0* 18'- 3* 18'- 6" 18' 9" 19'- ov 19'- 3 * 19' h" 19 - 9" 2'- 4>V* 2'- 5'Va* 2'- 5 V 2' Obi" 2 6''7 2'- bVic" 2' 7n ti* 2' 7 V' 18- 0* 18 - 3* 18 - 6* 18' g* ior 0" 19' 3* 19' 6" 19' 9* 20'- ow 20' 3" 20' 6* 20' 0" 2' !/ 2' 8 V* 2 HJ1'U* 2- 9y" 2lF O'" 20'- 3" 20' b* 20'- 9" 21' 0V 2' 9 Vj' 21- 3* r 10 V" 21' o" 210 21'- 9" 2'-l"',." _____ _ ... . -. . 22'- 0* 22 - 3" 211 *** 2' 1 1%" 22- b* 3 0)1,* 22'- 9" 3' V 23'- 0" 23'- 3" 23`- 6* 23'- 9" 3' 0i/ 3'- 1 'V 3' 1%" 3' 2 V" 24' ow 24'- 3" 24'- * 24' 9* 3' 2'V* 3' 3* .1' 3 " 3' 32V" 25'- 0" 25 - 3" 25 - b* 25' s' 1' 4 V 3' 4**,/ 3' 5* 3'- 5'V' 21' 0* 21' 3" 21' h* 21'- 9" _-- ._ 22'- 0* 22- 3* 22'- 6* 22 0* 23' 0" 23' 23' b" 23'- 9* 24' 0* 24' 3" 24' e" 24'- 9* 25' u" 25' 25' 6* 25'- 0" 30 42 29 44 28 db 2? 98 72 73 74 75 25 51 24 53 23 55 22 57 76 77 78 79 2! 59 20 61 19 63 18 65 8(1 81 82 83 17 67 16 69 15 71 14 73 13 75 12 77 10 80 10 82 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 9 8 7 6 _ ... ---- - 5 3 2 1 84 86 88 90 _ ...... -- 92 95 97 09 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 93 94 95 96 ------- ------------- 97 98 99 100 101 1 102 2 111.) 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 100 9 110 10 111 11 112 `NOTH: 'The No. I K Wnlgf it standard in Siliis Mstnial only. Fur Fit relay Material m the case of Arches with Spans over II' 0". use combinations of No. I Wedge and Straight brick The quantity of No. t Wedge brick remains constant at 51. The quantity of Straight brick is determined by subtracting Si from the quantity given m the column "Total** 10 7 UVz" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 1 3 Vi" a 4*/2" x 3", 1 3Vi" x 6" x 3" or 13 Vi" * 9" x 3" 1.608'' Rise Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) Rise Inside Radius Number Required Per Courae No 2 Wedge No. i No. I-X* Wedge Wedge 1 otal Cl' 9%' 0' 0" 27 3 o' 3' 10 Hi' h'- 3" 20 5 Ci' o* 10 Vi" 6* 6* 25 7 6' 9" io%" 6'- 9* 2d 9 30 31 12 33 r 0" r 3* r 6* r IS* u Vi' 11%" i'- o Vi** 1' o%" 7' 0* 7'- 3' T 6* V- 9" 22 12 21 14 21 16 20 18 34 35 37 38 K* 0" 8" 3* H* 0" 8' 0* i' oft* l' l Vi" i'- r%" 1'- 2 He' 8' 0* 8'- 3* 8'- 6" 8 9" 19 20 18 22 17 24 16 26 39 40 41 42 `J* 0" iy 3" <* 9' 1" 1'- 2%' 1'- 2 ft" 1'- 3?-w" 1'- 3%" 9 - 0* o 3* 9'- Ci* 9' 9* 14 29 13 31 12 33 1 1 35 43 44 45 46 10' 0* ~~\]7~ 10' 0* 10' j" 1 4* Vii" 10' 3' 10' c>" r- 4 ft" 10' 6* 10' 9* 1'- 5?)/' 10'- 9* 10 37 9 39 a 41 7 43 47 48 49 50 ir 0" ir 3" u 6* i r 9" * v K' 42 1' 5'VU' r- 6 tie" 1' 6 Vi' 1 1' 0" 11' 3" 11- 6" 11'- 9* 6 45 5 47 4 49 3 51 51 52 53 54 12' 0' 12" 3" 12' 4 Vi" 12' 6' 12' 9* l'- 7 Jh" 1'- 7`!k" 1'- 7%" r- Vft" 1'- 8 Vi" 12* 0* 12' 3* 12'- 4 Vi" 12'- 6' 12'- 9* 2 1 53 55 57 56 55 55 56 57 i 57 4 59 13' 0" 13' 3" 13' 6* 13' 9" 1r'-- 98%5i"" rr io vs/ 13' 0" 13'- 3* 13'- 6" 13' 9" 54 ft 69 53 8 61 52 SO 62 51 12 63 M' 0* 14' 3" 14' 14' 69' 1' 10 Vi* 1' 10%" i n Vi*" r u%" i r 0* it* 3" 14' 6* 14'- 9" 50 14 64 49 16 65 48 18 66 47 20 67 Ts7 0" 15' 3" 15' b* 2'- 0 ft" r o%" r- 0%" IS' 0* 15'- 3" 15'- 6" 46 22 68 45 24 69 44 26 70 Continued on nest page NOTE: The No- i-X Wedge is standard in Silica Material only. For Fireclay Material in the case of Archea with Spans over 12* use combinations of No I Wedge ami Straight brick. The quantity of No. 1 Wedge brack remains constant at 57. The quantity of Straight brick is determined by subtracting S? from the quantity given in the folunin "Total". 108 1. t: t: t: r: c c c c c c c i: L L nVz" ARCH THICKNESS --WEDGE BRICK 13 Vi" X 4Vi" x 3", 13Vi" x 6" x 3" or 1 3Vi" x 9" x 3"--Concluded 1.608" Rite Per Fool of Span (60 Central Angle) I Number Required Pci Course Inside Rise Radius No. 1 No I X* Wedge Wedge Straight 1 otal 15' 9" t l ft" 15' 9" 43 28 16'- 0" y 1%' 16' 0" 41 31 16'- 3" r- 2 *'' 16'- J* 40 33 16'- C>* 2' 16' 6" 39 35 16' 9* r 2!V 16'- 9" 38 37 17' 0" r 3%" 17' 0" 37 39 17'- 3" 2' 3%" 17' 3* 36 41 17'- 6" 2 4 `a* 17' I." 35 43 17' 9" 2'- 4%" 17' 9" 34 45 18 - 0* V 4*5,*' 18' 0" 3.1 48 18' 3" 2'- s%" 18' 3" .12 50 18'- 6" 2'- 5 Vi" 18' 6" 31 52 18'- 9" 2' o hr 18' 9" JO 54 19'- 0* 2' 0'ft" 19 - 0" 29 56 19' 3' 2' 6>ft" 19'- 3" 28 58 19 - 6* t 7",./ 19'- 6* 27 60 19'- 9" 2' 7 ft" 19' 9* 26 62 20' 0" 20'- 3* 20 - 6" 20' 9" 21 0" 21' 3" 21' 6* 21'- 9" 22'- 0* 22*- 3" 22 - 6" 22 - 9* 23' 0' 23' 6* 24 0" 21 6" 25' 0* 25' 6" 26' 0* 26' 6* 27' 0" 27' 6" 28' 0" 2' s hr 2' 8 ft* 2' 8%* 2' %* 20' 0" 20'- 3' 20' 6" 20* 9* 2' 9 ft* 21' 0* 2' 1) ft" 21' 3* 2' 10 Vu' 21'- C>* 2' __ 21- 1 2* 11 Vs' 2 n%' 3` 0 ft" 3' 0 fife" 22' 0" 22' 3" 22' 6" 22' 0 3' oJft* 3' i*Hi* 3' 2<ft" 3' 3 %" 3' 4 Vis" 3' 5" 23' 0" 23 - 6" 24 - 0" 2C 6" 25' 0" 25' h" 3' 5`ft" 3' 6'ft" 3' 7'ft" 3' s i,r r 9" 26' 0' 26' 6* 27' 0" 27' 6" 28' 0* 25 64 24 66 23 68 22 70 21 72 19 75 18 77 17 79 l(> 81 15 83 14 85 13 87 12 89 10 94 8 98 6 102 4 106 2 110 113 11.1 111 113 i 13 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79__ 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 HM 89 90 91 92 91 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 104 106 108 110 112 l 114 3 116 5 118 7 120 9 122 NOTE The N<>. 1 X Wcdg e is alaridaid in Silica Material only. Furr Say Material m the case of Arches with Spans over a *`4 . use i.iihihiuhuiii of No 1 Wedge and Straight brick The quantity of No. I Wedge bank remains coliitHiit t 57. Tlic r|unt.ty of Sii*bt bil.k Octet umitd by .ub.li.ctin* 5? bum llir quantity *iven us IS.-: column "Total" 101 GEOMETRIC FORMULAS The following formulas for areas and volumes arm miefut In calculating refractory brickwork. RICIANGIE FAMUILOCIMM CUIH0H FftUSIOM OF COKE fBUSTUH OF FFiMMIO Ulual Area - Vi$ (He Nfe) (H - Hyefeti tl SsJti) Vahimt - - (A I * As) (A - Au #1 Asm) (a - Am el tsf) COME Alls - 4 *1 Vtkm -2 s1 Is1 ELLIPSE TeUI Suites - * a (2H 2 2 r j*H 3 FAHAtSUC SEGMENT bs H 110 m i lM Hi 'k '# *4 Vit 'it Vi 54 u/k Vi'ilt ls.t i l1 Hi 1*# S12 i4 2 2`g 2!i 2!# 2'i 2 Ft 27i 3 3` 8 j'i 3 V# -i4* 3\ 3'i 4 4*6 4 4 *H 1*2 4S 4^ i3* Hi CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES FROM Ve* >o 100 Ciccuin Cttciue Aire Circuit) Dium^lrg fn ence Aies 04909 09818 190.15 J9270 58905 78540 98175 i 1781 i 3745 i 5708 1 7672 i 9635 2 1598 2 3562 2 5525 2 7489 2 9452 3 1410 3 5343 J 9270 4 3197 4 7124 5 1051 5 4978 5 8905 & 2832 6 6759 7 0086 7 4013 7 8540 8 2407 8 6394 9 0321 9 4248 9 8175 10 210 10 603 10 990 11 388 11 781 12 174 12 566 12 959 1.1 352 1.1 745 14 137 14 530 It 923 15 315 00019 00077 00307 01227 : 02761 04909 07670 11045 15033 19035 24850 3068(1 37122 44179 51849 00132 69029 78540 99402 i 2272 i 4849 i 7071 2 0739 2 405.1 2 7012 3 1116 3 5*466 | 3 9761 4 9.101 4 9087 | 5 4119 j 5 9396 . Ci 4918 7 0680 7 6099 8 2958 8 9402 9 6211 10 321 11 045 11 793 i I 12 566 13 364 14 180 15 033 15 004 10 MOO 17 7*21 1H 665 1 - i j ! 5 5`# 5'., S'-K -5 Vi 5*- 5'i s? 6 6* o (.*,; 0`i 6 Vi osi 6 Vi 0'i 7 7' Hi 7 Vs 7 Vi 7Vi 7!i 7 Vi 8 8' Vi 8 Vi 8 Vi H^# !i 8'k 9 9% <l'i 9 Vi 9Vi *>4i 9`i 97i 10 Id's 10* 10 11111 (04 10 \| 1 *>7 k 15 708 16 101 16 493 16 886 17 279 17 b/2 18 064 18 457 18 850 19 242 19 635 20 028 20 420 20 813 21 206 21 598 21 991 22 384 22 777 2.1 169 23 562 23 955 24 347 24 740 25 13.1 25 525 25 918 26 311 26 704 27 096 27 489 27 882 28 274 28 667 29 060 29 452 29 845 30 2.18 30 631 31 023 .11 416 31 809 32 201 32 594 32 987 33 379 .11 772 .11 165 19 6.J5 20 629 21 648 22 691 2.1 758 24 850 25 967 27 >00 28 274 29 465 30 680 31 919 33 183 .14 472 15 785 37 122 38 485 39 871 II 282 42 718 44 179 15 664 47 173 48 707 SO 265 51 849 53 456 55 088 56 745 58 426 60 132 61 862 6.1 617 65 397 67 *01 60 liZ1} 70 882 72 760 74 662 76 589 78 S40 HO 516 82 516 81 541 HO 590 88 1)64 00 763 9*2 H8l> CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES Wucbo Ihaiitrin Cinuni frrrniT At l)ii> isidn Ciirumfetott'e Ares i t's ll'i 11 *i 11 Vi I Vi n!i n Vi 12 12'i 12 V# 12'i 12 Vi 12 Vi 12 7 g u II1# IJ'i IJVi HVi 1-Ds 13 Vi 12 Vi II M's 14* i 14 !i HVi HVi HJi H'i 15 15% 15 Vi 15 V# 15 Vi 15V# IS Vi 15 Vi 16 16* # 16'i 16 Vi lo'.i 16V# 1 6 `i li.'i 34 558 34 950 35 343 35 736 36 128 36 521 36 914 37 306 37 699 38 092 38 485 38 877 39 270 39 663 40 055 40 448 40 841 41 233 41 626 4 2 019 42 412 42 804 43 197 43 590 "" 43 982 44 375 44 768 45 160 45 553 45 946 46 339 -16 731 47 124 47 517 47 909 48 302 48 695 49 087 49 480 49 873 so 266 50 658 51 051 51 444 51 836 52 229 52 622 53 014 95 033 97 205 99 402 101 62 103 87 106 14 108 43 110 75 113 ~ii> ~~ 115 4 7 117 86 120 28 122 72 125 19 127 68 1.10 19 132 73 135 30 137 89 140 50 143 11 145 80 148 49 151 20 153 94 156 70 159 48 162 JO 165 13 167 99 170 87 173 7B 176 71 179 67 182 65 185 66 888 69 191 75 194 83 197 93 201 06 204 22 207 39 210 60 213 HI 217 0H 2*20 35 221 65 i : ; j ' 17 17'# 17 *i 17 V# 17 Vi HV# 17 !i 17V# 18 1`# 18% 18 `# I81 i 1H4# 18 Vj !H7g 19 19'# 19% 19J# 19* j I95# 19% 19% 20 20# 20 Vi 20* # 20'i 20V# 20 Vi 20 7i 21 211 # 21 Vi 21V# 21 Vi 21 % 21 Ji 21 7i 22 22''# 221 i 22 '# 22'i 22s# 22 % 22% 53 407 53 800 54 193 54 585 54 978 55 371 55 763 56 156 226 98 210 33 233 71 217 10 240 53 243 98 247 45 250 95 56 549 56 941 57 334 57 727 58 120 58 512 58 905 59 298 254 47 258 02 261 59 265 18 268 80 272 45 276 12 279 HI 59 690 60 083 61) 476 60 868 61 261 61 654 62 047 62 439 283 53 287 27 291 04 294 83 298 65 302 49 306 35 310 24 62 832 "" 314 TrT 61 225 318 10 63 617 322 0b 64 010 326 05 64 403 C4 795 330 06 334 10 65 188 338 16 65 581 3 82 25 65 973 66 366 66 759 67 152 67 544 67 937 68 330 68 722 346 36 350 50 354 66 358 84 361 OS 367 28 371 54 375 Hi 69 115 69 508 69 900 70 293 70 686 71 079 71 471 71 864 380 13 384 46 388 82 393 20 397 61 102 01 406 49 4 III 97 CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES --Continued Diiiuctci Cucuin- fci erne 2.) 23% 23% 23 23 % 23 s/5 2J% 23 % 2-1 23% 23 % 23 % 23 Vi 23% 23 <4 23 % 25 25% 25% 25% 25 Vi 25% 25% 25% 55 26* 8 26% 26% 26 Vi 26% 26% 26% 27 27% 27 % 27% 2 7 Vi 27% 27% 27% 28 28% 28 Vi 28 % 28% 28% 28% 28% 72 257 72 639 73 032 73 435 73 827 74 220 74 613 75 006 75 398 75 791 76 184 76 578 76 969 77 362 77 754 78 137 78 530 78 9J3 79 325 79 718 80 111 80 503 80 896 81 289 8I~f>ST 82 073 82 467 82 860 83 252 83 635 83 038 84 430 84 823 85 216 85 608 86 001 86 394 86 787 87 179 87 572 87 965 88 357 88 750 89 143 89 535 89 928 90 321 90 714 1H Area [ Diamrtr; Circum- fei encc Arcs 115 48 420 00 424 56 429 13 433 74 438 36 443 01 447 69 ! ; ! | 452 "39~ 457 11 461 86 466 64 471 44 176 26 481 11 485 98 490 87 495 79 500 74 505 71 510 71 515 72 520 77 525 84 53IT93 536 05 541 19 546 35 551 SS 556 76 562 00 567 27 sW 56 577 87 583 21 588 57 593 96 599 37 604 81 610 27 615 75 621 26 626 80 632 36 637 94 643 SS 649 18 654 84 | UlN 29 29% 29% 29% 29 Vi 29% 29 3% 29% 30 30% 30 % 30% 30 Vi 30% 30 Vi 30% 31 31% 31 Vi 31 % 31 Vi 31 Ve 3 Hi 31% 32% 32 Vi 32% 3 2 Vi 32% 32 Vi 32% 33 33 % 33 Vi 33 V 33 Vi 33% 33 Vi 33% 34 34% 34 Vi 34% 34 Vi 34% 34 % 34% 91 106 91 499 91.892 92 284 92 677 93 070 93 462 93 855 94 248 94 641 95 033 95 426 95 819 96 211 96 604 96 997 97 389 97 782 98 175 98 568 98 960 99 353 99 746 100 14 "T00~5X~ 100 92 101 32 101 71 102 10 102 49 102 89 103 28 103 67 104 07 104 46 104 85 105 24 105 64 106 03 106 42 106 81 107 21 107 60 107 99 108 39 108 78 109 17 109 56 660 52 666 23 671 96 677 71 683 49 6H9 30 695 13 700 98 706 86 712 76 718 69 724 64 730 62 736 62 742 64 748 69 754 77 760 87 766 99 31773 N 779 785 51 791 73 797 98 804 25" 810 54 816 86 823 21 829 58 835 97 842 39 848 83 855 30 861 79 868 31 874 85 881 41 888 00 894 62 901 26 907 92 914 61 921 32 928 06 934 82 941 61 948 42 955 25 -- I1 J fn 1 k*. J r~ -% I1 J >** t1 h1 L-J r1 L Lr -l | J _ f^ I _J -- ,> |^ |1 -* 1 IJ Is J fI 1J I1 LJ ( I 1 Is 1 'A CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES i --Continued Cut uni* Dieinctn Cci encc Aten CircuniOuimtiti fci *nce 35 35% 35 vi 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 36 36% 3366%% 36% 36% 3b % 36% 37 37% 37% 37% 37% 37% 3 7 Vi 37% 38 38% 38 % 38% 38 Vi 38% 38% 38%___ 39 39% 39 Vi 39% 39% 39% 39% 40 40% 40% 40% 40 Vi 40% 403i 109 96 no 35 110 74 111 13 111 53 111 92 112 31 112 71 113 10 113 49 113 88 114 28 114 67 115 06 115 45 115 85 lib 24 116 63 117 02 117 42 117 81 118 20 118 60 118 99 119 38 119 77 120 17 120 56 120 95 121 34 121 74 122 13_ 122 52 122 92 123 31 E 23 70 124 09 124 49 124 88 125 27 125 66 126 06 126 45 126 84 127 24 127 63 128 02 128 41 962 11 969 00 975 91 982 84 989 80 996 78 1003 8 1010 8 1017 9 1025 0 1032 1 1039 2 1046 3 1053 5 10(>0 7 1068 0 1075 2 1082 5 1089 8 1097 1 1104 5 1111 8 1119 2 1126 7 1134 I 1141 6 1 149 1 1156 t) 1164 2 1171 7 1179 3 1186 9 1194 6 1202 3 1210 0 1217 7 1225 4 1233 2 1241 0 1248 8 1256 6 1264 5 1272 4 1 280 J 1288 2 1296 2 1304 2 1312 2 ! 41 41% 41 / 41% 41 Vi 41% 41% 41V/, 42 42% 4 2 Vi 42% 42% 42% 42 Vi 42% R 43 H 431 1 43% 1 43 % | 43 Vi i 43% 43 Vi 43% 44 44% 44 Vi 44 % 44% 41% 44 Vi 44% 45 45% 4 5 Vi 45 Vi 45% 45% 45 Vi 4 5 Ji 1 46 46% 46% 46% 46 Vi 46% 46^4 __ 46% 128 81 129 20 129 59 129 98 130 38 130 77 131 16 131 55 131 95 132 34 132 73 133 13 133 52 133 91 134 30 134 70 135 09 135 48 135 87 136 27 136 66 137 05 137 45 137 84 138 23 138 62 139 02 139 41 139 80 140 19 140 59 140 98 141 37 141 76 142 16 142 55 142 94 143 34 143 73 144 12 144 51 144 9! 145 30 145 69 146 08 146 48 146 87 147 26 Atce 1320 3 1328 J 1336 4 1344 5 13S2 7 1360 8 1369 0 1377 2 1385 4 1393 7 1402 0 1410 3 1418 6 1427 0 1435 4 1443 8 1452 2 1460 7 1469 1 1477 6 I486 2 1494 7 1503 3 1511 9 1520 5 1529 2 1537 9 154b 6 1555 3 1564 0 1572 8 1S8I 6 1590 4 1599 3 1608 2 1617 0 1626 0 1634 9 1643 9 1652 9 1661 9 1670 9 16811 0 1 689 1 1698 2 1707 4 1716 5 1725 7 115 S CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES --Concluded Ciiiuiii Diameter fcr Clllf 47 47', m< 47-i 47'/i 47s/i 4734 47?', 147 66 148 05 148 44 148 83 149 23 149 62 150 01 150 40 4H 48', 48'4 48J/g 4 8 /2 485, 4 8 34 487', ISO HU 151 19 151 58 151 98 152 37 152 76 153 IS 153 55 4`J 491, 49'4 49 V 49'/j 495j, 49 34 49?i 5(1 153 94 154 33 154 72 155 12 155 51 155 90 156 29 156 69 157 08 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 ______ ____ ___________ 160 22 163 36 166 50 169 65 172 79 175 93 179 07 182 21 185 35 188 50 .-- As * Circum Dsamet er fcrence 1734 0 1744 2 1753 5 1762 7 1772 | 1781 4 1 790 8 1800 1 1809 6 1819 0 1828 5 1837 9 1847 5 1857 0 I860 5 1876 1 j 1 1 1885 7 1895 4 1905 0 1914 7 1924 4 1934 2 1943 y 1953 7 1903 s 61 62 6.1 64 65 66 67 68 60 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 <J 2042 8 2123 7 2206 2 2290 2 2375 8 2463 0 2551 8 2642 1 2734 0 2827 4 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 s 00 1<J1 6*1 194 78 197 92 201 06 204 20 207 35 210 49 213 63 216 77 219 91 223 05 226 20 229 34 232 48 235 62 238 76 241 90 245 04 248 19 251 33 254 47 257 61 260 75 263 89 267 04 270 18 273 32 276 46 279 60 282 74 285 89 289 03 292 17 295 31 298 45 301 59 304 73 307 88 311 02 314 16 Arra 2922 5 3019 I 3117 2 3217 0 3318 3 3421 2 3525 7 363! 7 3739 3 3848 5 3959 2 4071 5 4185 4 4300 8 4417 9 4536 5 4656 6 4778 4 4901 7 5026 5 5153 0 5281 0 5410 6 5541 8 5674 S 5808 8 5944 6082 1 6221 1 6361 7 6503 9 6647 6 6792 9 6939 8 7088 2 7238 2 7389 8 7543 0 7697 7 7854 0 - t] t: c c c f" c i: DECIMALS OF AN INCH FOR EACH >/4 Common Fraction s Decimal Common Fraction Decimal Vil *$4 !>6 fa Hi 7U 015625 03125 046875 0625 078125 09375 109375 .125 %4 140625 M2 15625 % 171875 fa 1875 % 203125 21875 'fa 234375 ------- --. ...... .25 l7u hi 'fa J'w Hi* % fa 265625 28125 296875 3125 .328125 34375 3S9375 .375 Jfa % `fa -ii % 390625 40625 42187S 4375 453125 46875 484375 515625 !?ii 53125 1 J5m 546875 1 j fa 5625 a 578125 ] hi 59375 }fa 609375 % .125 ~*\U -- % 'fa % 640625 65625 671875 .6875 703125 71875 734375 3A .75 *fa fax 'fa % fax 765625 .78125 796875 8125 .828125 .84375 859375 b .875 % .890625 % ' % .90625 .921875 ! % 9375 `It* '% .953125 96875 *fa .984375 r- n n n 1 life 117 1 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES By Albert Sauvew Note: Tlie Humbert in boUl fuie type Cmlirttk or Falnenlieit wliitli It 18 rcfcs to tlic tcn|erBture either bft degrees eil to convert into the other *cle. c. 17 8 17 2 lb 7 16 1 15 6 15 0 n4 13 9 13 3 12 8 12 2 II 7 11 1 10 6 10 0 9 44 8 89 8 33 7 78 7 22 6 67 6 11 5 56 5 00 4 44 3 89 3 33 2 78 2 22 1 67 1 11 0 56 0 0 56 1 11 1 67 2 22 2 78 3 33 3 89 4 44 5 00 S 56 6 11 6 67 7 22 7 78 8 33 8 89 9 44 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 $ 10 11 12 13 14 15 IS 17 is is 20 21 22 23 24 25 2S 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3S 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 SO 0 to BOO Fc 32 33 H 35 6 37 4 39 2 41 0 42 8 44 6 46 4 48 2 50 0 51 8 53 6 55 4 57 2 59 0 60 8 62 6 64 4 66 2 68 0 69 8 71 6 73 4 75 2 77 0 78 8 80 6 82 4 84 2 86 0 87 8 89 6 91 4 93 2 95 0 96 8 98 6 100 4 102 2 104 0 105 8 107 6 109 4 111 2 113 0 114 8 116 6 118 4 120 2 122 0 10 6 11 l II 7 12 2 12 8 13 3 13 9 14 4 15 0 15 6 16 1 16 7 17 2 17 8 18 3 18 9 19 4 20 0 20 6 21 1 21 7 22 2 22 8 23 3 23 9 24 4 25 0 25 6 26 1 26 7 27 2 27 8 28 3 28 9 29 4 30 0 30 6 1 31 1 1 31 7 i 3322 2 8 ; 33 3 1 33 9 ! 34 4 i 35 0 j 35 6 ; 36 1 3b 7 1 37 2 ' 37 8 M F. 51 123 8 S2 125 6 53 127 4 54 129 2 55 131 0 si 132 8 57 134 6 59 136 4 59 138 2 60 140 0 61 141 8 62 143 6 63 145 4 64 147 2 65 149 0 66 150 8 67 152 6 68 154 4 69 156 2 70 158 0 71 159 8 72 161 6 73 163 4 74 165 2 75 167 0 76 168 8 77 170 6 78 172 4 79 174 2 80 176 0 81 177 8 82 179 6 83 181 4 84 183 2 85 185 0 86 186 8 87 188 6 88 190 4 89 192 2 so 194 0 91 195 8 92 197 6 93 199 4 94 201 2 95 203 0 96 204 8 97 206 6 98 208 4 99 210 2 100 212 0 120 ['1 1 L. - M L. rL Ji nr n1 1__ 1 - '** JT -Sa I -- nut J '-4i I .X. 11 -c* -s -J --t. I1 w Jk TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES --Continued By Albert Sauvevr 6 UUl tu IUUU c. V. C. 38 43 49 54 bO 6b 71 77 82 88 93 99 100 104 110 116 121 127 132 138 143 149 154 160 166 171 177 182 188 193 199 204 210 216 221 227 232 238 243 249 254 260 266 271 277 m 1M 110 120 130 HO 150 160 170 ISO 190 200 210 212 220 230 260 250 260 270 290 290 300 310 320 330 360 350 360 370 390 390 600 610 620 630 660 650 460 470 490 490 soo 510 520 530 II# 212 230 248 26b 284 302 320 338 356 374 392 410 413 428 446 464 482 500 518 536 554 572 590 608 626 644 662 680 698 716 734 752 770 788 806 824 842 860 878 896 9! 4 932 950 968 986 1004 . 288 j 291 299 304 310 316 321 i 327 332 338 343 349 354 360 366 371 377 382 388 393 399 404 410 416 421 427 432 438 443 449 45! 461) 4 tilt A 471 I) 477 | 482 P 488 j 493 < 499 j 504 , 510 516 fc 521 J, 527 | 532 l! 538 550 $60 570 590 590 600 610 620 630 40 650 160 670 690 90 700 710 720 730 740 750 790 770 700 790 600 810 920 930 840 850 990 970 890 Ml 900 910 920 130 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 INTERPOLATION FACTORS 0 56 1 11 1 67 2 22 2 78 1 2 3 4 5 I 8 . 3 33 3 6 j, 3 89 5 4 ! 4 44 7 2 j 5 00 9 0 j S St- 6 7 8 9 10 F". 1022 1040 1058 1076 1094 1112 1130 1148 1166 1184 1202 1220 1238 1256 1274 1292 1310 1328 1346 1364 1382 1400 1418 1436 1454 1472 1490 1508 1526 1544 1562 1580 1598 161b I6J4 1652 1670 1688 1706 1724 1742 1760 1778 1796 1814 1832 10 8 1 2 t> I1 4 16 i 18 0 lit i c.__ 54.1 549 554 560 566 571 577 582 588 593 599 604 610 616 621 627 632 638 643 649 654 660 666 671 677 682 688 693 699 701 710 716 721 727 732 738 743 749 754 760 766 771 777 782 788 793 799 804 810 816 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES --Continued By Albeit Sauveui 1019 1020 1030 1040 1050 10(0 1070 1080 1080 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 11S0 1180 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1280 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1380 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 SUOO to 1000 H. C. 1850 1868 1886 1904 1922 1940 1958 1976 1994 2012 2030 2048 2066 2084 2102 2120 2138 2156 2174 2192 2210 2228 2246 2264 2282 2300 2318 2336 2354 2372 2390 2408 2426 2444 2462 2480 2498 2516 2534 2552 2570 2588 2606 2624 2642 2660 2678 2696 2714 2732 821 827 8J2 838 843 849 854 860 866 871 877 882 888 893 899 904 910 916 921 927 932 938 943 949 954 960 966 971 977 982 988 993 999 1004 1010 1016 1021 1027 1032 1038 1013 1049 1054 1060 1066 1071 1077 1082 1088 1093 1510 1S20 1530 1540 1550 15(0 1570 1580 1590 1(00 1(10 1(20 1(30 1(40 1(50 1((0 1(70 1(80 1(80 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 17(0 1770 1730 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 19(0 1970 1980 1990 2000 K 27511 2768 2786 2804 2822 2840 2858 2876 2894 2912 2930 2948 2966 2984 3002 3020 3038 3056 3074 3092 3110 3128 3146 3164 3182 3200 3218 3236 3254 3272 3290 3308 3326 3344 3362 3380 3398 3416 3434 3452 3470 3488 3506 3524 3542 3560 3578 3596 3614 3632 122 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES --Concluded By Albert Scuvem I loos to 3000 e F c. 1099 1104 1110 1116 1121 1127 1132 1138 S143 1149 1154 1160 1166 1171 1177 1182 1188 1193 1199 1204 1210 1216 1221 1227 1232 1238 1243 1249 1254 1260 1266 1271 1277 1282 1288 1293 1299 1304 1310 1316 1321 1327 1332 1338 1343 1349 1354 1360 1366 1371 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 20(0 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120 2130 2140 2180 21(0 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220 2230 2240 2250 22(0 2270 228ft 2290 2300 2310 2320 2330 2349 2350 23M 237ft 2380 2380 2400 2410 2420 2430 2440 2450 24(0 2470 2480 2490 2500 3650 .11,68 3686 3704 3722 3740 3758 3776 3794 3812 3830 3848 3866 3884 3902 3920 3938 3956 3974 3992 4010 4028 4046 4064 4082 4100 4118 4136 4154 4172 4190 4208 4226 4244 4262 4280 4298 4316 4334 4352 4370 4388 4406 4424 4442 4460 4478 4496 4514 4 S3 2 1.177 1.182 1388 1393 1399 1404 1410 1416 1421 1427 1432 1438 1443 1449 1454 1460 1466 1471 1477 1482 1488 1493 1499 1504 1510 1516 1521 1527 1532 1538 1543 1549 1554 1560 1566 1571 1577 1582 1588 1593 1599 1604 1610 1616 1621 1627 1632 1638 1643 1649 2510 2520 2S30 2S40 2S50 25(0 2570 25(0 2590 2(00 2(10 2(20 2(30 2(40 2(50 2((0 2(70 2U0 2(90 2700 2710 2720 2730 2740 2750 27(0 2770 2780 2790 2(00 2(10 2(20 2(30 2(40 2(50 2K0 2(70 2(80 2890 2900 2910 2920 2930 2940 2950 29(0 2970 2980 2990 3000 K 4550 4568 4586 4604 4622 4640 4658 4676 4694 4712 4730 4748 4766 4784 4802 4820 4838 48S6 4874 4892 4910 4928 4946 4964 4982 5000 5018 5036 5054 5072 5090 5108 5126 5144 5162 5180 5198 5216 5234 S2S2 5270 5288 5306 5324 5342 5360 5378 5396 5414 5432 12J I JEMPERATURE END POINTS OF PYROMETRIC CONES DEFINITION i i*yuimriu Kiuivlcut iP. C. E-> In t!r % **a* nl i efnu toi tra, the numbnr i>l lliat standard cone wliuie lip wtiulul touch (he sup purling |il(|ue simultaneously with a tone ,| the material hemg investigated when tested in accordance with the Standard Method of Test (or P C- K. of Fsrly Slick (A. S. T. M. Designation C 24 s of the American Society for Testing Materials. NOTE. The terms `'fusion |Mitnt/* "softening point,*' ` deformation |mint," ami "melteng |mt* have heretofore hern loosely used for "feygametri*' rente equivalent." No of Cone Kml point * l>egrces Cent. Degrees Fahr No of Cone End point* Degrees Cent Degrees Fahr. 022 021 020 019 01S 017 1)16 015 1)14 013 012 on 010 00 0# 07 00 05 04 03 02 01 1 2 3 4 5 6 605 615 650 660 720 770 795 805 830 H60 875 905 B95 930 950 990 1015 1030 1060 1115 1125 1145 1160 1165 1170 1190 1205 1230 1121 1139 1202 1220 132# 7 8 9 0 II 1418 1463 1481 l 526 1580 12 13 14 15 16 1007 1661 1643 1706 1742 17 18 19 20 23 1814 1859 1904 1940 2039 26 27 28 29 30 "2057 2093 2120 2129 2138 31 32 t32Vi 33 34 2174 2201 2246 1 35 36 37 38 1250 1260 1285 1305 1325 1335 1350 1400 1435 1465 1175 1490 1520 1530 1580 1595 1605 1615 1640 1650 1680 1700 1722 1745 1760 1785 1810 1820 1835 2282 2J00 2J45 2381 2117 2435 2462 2552 2615 2669 2687 2714 2768 2786 2876 2903 2921 2939 2984 3002 3056 3092 3131 3173 3200 3245 3290 3308 3335 NOTE: Pyrornetric cones do nut give an accurate measurement of tempera ture. Where it is desired to interpret 1*. C. E values agrprosimately m terms of temperature, the tsUe altovr may he used- This table has been approved by the A S. T. M, It is baaed on the work of Fairchild and Peters, J. Amcr Cer. Sue. 9, 791-4 1. 1926. Heating late 150 Cent, pet hour for cones .922 to 20, inclusive, and 190* Cent, per lumi for cones 22 to Jtt, inclusive. The temperatures do not apply to (he slower rates of heating common in the commercial firing and the use of refractory materials (Not included in the teste of Fairchild anil Peters. The temjierature* given are approximate. 124 FURNAdE TEMPERATURES Kiiul ot Furnace Degrees C Degrees F Boilers...................................... 1000 to 1600 By-Product Coke Ovens . 1000 to 1500 Cement Kilns, hot zone 1300 to 1600 1800 to 2900 1830 to 2730 2400 to 2900 Copper Converters.............. Copper Refining Furnaces Copper Reverberatories Copper Roasters.................. 1200 to 1300 1250 to 1550 1300 to 1570 700 to 810 2200 to 2400 2300 to 2800 2400 to 2850 1300 to 1500 Gas Producer........................ Glass Annealing Furnaces. Gii ss Tanks, bottle .......... Glass Tanks, plate.............. 1260 to 1370 430 to 540 1370 to 1600 1370 to 1650 2300 to 2500 800 to 1000 2500 to 2900 2500 to 3000 Iron and Steel Furnaces Annealing Oven............ Blast Furnace, tapping Bessemer Converter . Electric Furnaces Heating Furnaces Malleable Furnaces 760 to 980 1370 to 1540 1540 to 1650 1450 to 1700 980 to 1310 1300 to 1650 1400 to 1800 2500 to 2800 2800 to 3000 2650 to 3100 1800 to 2400 2400 to 3000 Open Hearths Melting Chamber Checkers Soaking Pits 650 to 1680 200 to 1430 1150 to 1370 1200 to 3050 400 to 2600 2100 to 2500 3 COLOR SCALE FOR TEMPERATURES Lowest visible red............... 475 885 Lowest visible red to dark a red. ............................... 475 to 650 885 to 1200 Dark red to cherry red 650 to 750 1200 to 1380 Cherry red to bright cherry "1 red . 750 to 815 1380 to 1500 -J Bright cherry red to orange 815 to 900 1500 to 1650 Orange to yellow............... 000 to 1090 1650 to 2000 Yellow to light yellow 1090 to 1315 2000 to 2400 -J Light yellow to white 1315 to 1540 2400 to 2800 White to dazzling white 1540 and over 2800 and over MELTING POINTS OF METALS AND ALLOYS* Desiree K*ltieu!itU Drircti Ccntigt ailf Aluminum Antimony - ... Bionze Biass . . Cadmium . Calcium Copper Gold Itidium Iron, putc Cast it on, white Cast iron, gray. Steel, plain caihon (1 % carbon and less). . Wrought iron.... Lead. Magnesium Nickel Palladium. ...... . Platinum Rhodium . . Silicon . . Silver Tin Titanium . Tungsten Vuitadium Zinc 1220 2 10 2 1166 9 10 2 1920 apptox. 1725 appi ox. 609 6 i 0 2 1562 l 35 19KI 410 2 1945 4 3 0 0 4429 1 5 2802 2100 2245 15 uppi ox. appi os. 2680 appt os. 2750 approx. 621 1 to 2 1202 I 4 2647 3 2 2826 12 3216 1 1 8 3560 1 5 2602 3.35 1761 4 10 0 449 43 0 2 3300 3: 180 6116 1.35 3145 i 90 787 110 2 b 660 1 3.0 1 h 630 5 tO 1 1050 approx 940 approx b 320 9 10 1 850 -t 20 b 1083 3.0 I a 1063 to 0 b 2443 3 3 1539 1150 1230 3.3 appi ox appt ox. 1470 approx. 1510 approx. b 327 3 3 0 1 650 3 2 b 1453 l 1 b 1552 11 b 1769 1 1 h I960 3 3 1428 L20 a 960 8 tl) 0 h 231 9 10 1 1815 :1 100 b 3380 120 1730 3 50 b 419 53.0 1 NOTE: *. Primary fixed |H*inta, Isitci netional Temperature Scale of lH8. b. Secondary fixed |>ointa. International Tcmpemture Scale of 1948. MELTING POINTS OF MINERALS Alumina *" (Corundum) . . - Beiylliu ... Carbon (Sublimes) Chromium Oxide AND OXIDES* ~ " '"F ............... . A129s 3700 I3e0 4660 C 6600 CijOj 4110 pC 2038 2570 3650 2265 Forstesite.. . Lime Magnesia Silica (Cristobalite) 2Mg0-Si0j CaO MgO SiOj 3492 4658 5072 3133 1922 2570 2800 1723 Silicon Carbide (decomposes) . Spinel Zircnnia . Zircon SiC MgO-AljOj ZrCJ? Zi02 Si02 4082 3875 4890 3227 t 2250 2135 2700 17751 * Adjusted to the International Temperature Scale of 1948. 1 Dissociation Temperature. 126 rJ H LJ 3 COMPARISON OF TYLER AND U. S. SIEVE SERIES I TYLER STANDARD SIEVE SERIES* lylcr mesh Opening. in. Opening. mm. l)|B of wire, in. A 2 l Vi 1 050 0 883 76 2 50 8 38 1 26 67 22 43 0 207 192 148 148 135 742 18 85 135 624 15 85 120 525 13 33 105 441 11 20 10S 371 9 423 092 2 Vi 3 J /'2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 35 42 48 60 fs5 80 100 115 150 170 200 250 270 325 400 312 263 221 185 156 131 110 093 078 065 055 046 0390 0328 0276 0232 0195 0164 0138 0116 0097 0082 0069 0058 0049 0041 0035 0029 0024 0021 0017 0015 7 925 6 680 5 613 4 699 3 962 3 327 2 794 2 362 1 981 1 651 1 J97 1 168 0 991 833 701 589 495 417 3S1 295 246 208 175 147 121 104 089 074 061 OS.! 013 038 088 070 065 065 044 036 0328 032 033 035 028 025 0235 0172 0141 0125 0118 0122 0100 0092 0070 0072 0056 0042 0038 0026 0024 0021 0016 0016 0014 0010 * Standard Bn Kcfractorlrt Industry U S Senes ppi ox. equivalent 3 ill. 2 in iVi in 1 06 in. Va in- 'i in V% in 0.530 in. ?i* in in. ii in. 0.265 in No. 3 V2 No. 4 No 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 10 No. 12 No. 14 No lb No 18 No 20 No. 25 No 30 No 35 No. 40 No. 45 No. 50 No. 60 No 70 No. 80 No. 100 No. 120 No 140 Nu 170 No. 200 No 230 No. 270 No 325 No. 400 in WEIGHTS OF VARIOUS MATERIALS Mat ri ml I^iUlhll Per Cu Ft. < Avg.l ! Materiel BRICK i METALS Building 87 137 1 Aluminum Fit relay Silica 1 EH 152 ! 102 IIS i Brass, cast Bronze, 14% Sn Chrome 175 180 | Copper, cast, rolled Magnesia as brick or Copper, rolled or fused in furnace 162 170 i wire. CEMENT Portland, loose Aluminous, loose . 80 90 | 00 100 FINE GROUND CLAYS. SILICA CEMENT ETC. Fire Clay SO no Calcined Fire Clay 70 95 Iron, gray cast Iron, white cast Iron, wrought Lead, cast Lead, rolled . . Nickel. . . Steel, cast or rolled Sihca Cement Magnesia Cement 75 83 27 Zinc cast Chrome Cement US OILS Grain Magnesite Crude . . (as shipped) . 112 Fuel Oil COAL AND COKE No. 1 Anthracite 87 112 No. 2 Bituminous Charcoal 75 93 10 35 No. 3. Bunker C- Coke 23 32 Gasoline CONCRETE Cement, stone, sand 120 155 Cement, slag, etc no 130 Kerosene Lubricating Oil . ROCKS IN SOLID EARTH Loam, dry loose Loam, packed . Loam, soft, loose mud. Loain, dense mud 63 76 85 95 90 108 no 12S Chalk Dolomite Granite Gypsum Limestone and marble GLASS Common window Plate Container 156 160 157 161 152 159 Magnesite Pumice . . . Quartz Sandstone Laboratory Optical LIME Mortar Quick, loose lumps Quick, line ........ Slaked Stone, solid Stone, crushed . 136 140 133 507 100 53 75 81 87 165 172 85 100 Shale Slate, American. Soapstone, talc. . SAND Dry, loose Dry, packed. Wet. packed Gravel, packed MASONRY Granite or limestone 165 172 Mortar rubble ... 150 155 Sandstone 110 147 WATER As ice . At 32F. At 2l2t,F Pounds Pc* Cu Ft <Avg < 166 168 523 534 555 552 55n 555 438 445 473 482 486 493 708 711 536 555 474 490 455 459 439 447 48 62 51 52 52 S3 54 55 60 63 44 47 48 51 55 59 118 175 175 178 165 175 143 146 165 172 187 19(1 40 50 162 165 134 162 162 172 17S 162 175 100 NO 120 118 57 2 62 4 59 8 128 Lj [j oc < > ou_ utnj 2 8 oc Cu < C7 -2c -- SO A O0O <1* aMfOl >W JiJS sAo n** KHK US M I1 oo o & u. a b. H w U) o T 8 a. 3 3 o c? S SS J?s ri iS <m <3 1? J?S 0 <5t? i" L- IV tv h| t"tv tvtv|,. 8 3 ooQ _JfO ^ SCO Ot"o': < ?! < SS 8SSte e* C if ! *2 ^ 6 3J5 ni 3 ' Q i! " t! < m f? ^3 - 4J h: jc ml ' M3 Wg* tn-fc S* s3 C *1 c|5 0M.*g0^ U u?*3. o U 129 D issociate* a t 40*2*F. T T cn-fr .2 Coeff. * 6S .t o 600 K .----5--6--3--Z--1---0---------6--0-0--*--t--o-----2--0--0--0*~F~ - 2 4 * 1 0 - ; , GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO REFRACTORIES ABRASION OF REFRACTORIES Wearing away of refractory surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids. (A) ABUTMENT Tin- structural portion of a furnace which with stands the thrust of an arch. (R> ACID REFRACTORIES Refractories containing a substantial amount of uncornbined silica which, when heated, may react chemically with basic refractories, slags or fluxes. (R> AIR SET The property of a materia) to develop high strength when dried, an example being air setting mortars. (Not to be confused with hydraulic set.) (Rl AMERICAN BOND Brickwork in which stretcher courses are the principal portion, with headers laid every 5th, 6th, or 7th course. (f?l AUGER MACHINE A machine for extruding moist clay through a die by means of a revolving screw or auger. (Rt BACK As applied to an arch, the outer or upper surface. (7?) BAG WALE A refractory baffle wall between the combustion chamber and the charge in a kiln or furnace. BASIC REFRACTORIES Refractories whose major constituent is either lime or magnesia and which, when heated, may react chemically with acid refractories, slugs or fluxes. (R\ BASKETWEAVE CHECKERWORK An arrangement of checker brick with continuous vertical flues in which the plan view suggests the weave of a basket. BAT A broken burned brick or shape. (Rt BATTER To reduce the width of brickwork with succeeding courses- (Rt BLOATING Swelling of a refractory when in the thermo plastic state, caused by temperatures in excess of that for which the material is intended, ail exception being the use of this property in one type of ladle brick. (See also Secondary Expansion.) IRI BULLNOSE BRICK Sec Jamb Brick. BURN The degree to which the bond and other necessary physical and chemical properties of a refractory have been developed during manufacture by heat treatment in a kiln. (R) 130 !J n n n [] [] a o 3 3 GLOSSARY--Continued I BUTTERED JOINT Mortar joint made by trowelling mortar along the edges of the face of a brick, tile or simile and laying it without a complete mortar bed. CLAY GROG MORTAR A refractory mortar made of ground clay and grog for use in laying fireclay brick (f?j CORBEL One or more courses of brick, each projecting beyond the one below it to form a support. (RI CORROSION OF REFRACTORIES Destruction of refractory surfaces by the chemical action of external agencies. (A) DE-AIRED BRICK Brick molded or formed from a mix which has been subjected to a partial vacuum during the forming process. DIE A mold used for shaping brick in a machine or a form for shaping an extruded column- (Ri DIVISION WALL Wall dividing any I wo major sections of a furnuce DOUBLE SCREENED GROUND REFRACTORY MATERIAL A refractory material that contains a natural gradation of particle sizes resulting from grinding or crushing and from which particles coarser and finer than two specified sizes have been removed by screening. IAI DROP MACHINE SILICA BRICK Silica brick formed by dropping a quantity of a prepared mix from a considerable vertical distance into u mold followed by slicking to size. DRY PRESS BRICK Brick formed under high pressure horn moistened, but dry-appearing, ground ceramic materials. EROSION OF REFRACTORIES Wearing away of refractory surfaces by the washing action of moving liquids. (At FIRST QUALITY FIRECLAY BRICK A trade term usually indicating high duty fireclay brick us classified by A.S.T.M. FLASH MARKS Discoloration on the surface of a brick resulting from the adherence of Sly ash or the impingement of a reducing flame during burning. (RI FLUX BLOCKS Refractory shapes which are used in contact with molten glass in furnaces. (Rt FUSION CAST REFRACTORY Rcfiaelory material made by fusing refractory compositions m an electric furnace and pouring the molten material into molds to solidify and form finished shapes. 131 GLOSSARY--Continued CANISTER A den.-*:. high silica rock (quurtzitei. suitable foi use tit the manufacture of silica refractories. Note Confusion sometiines results from the use of this term because in some parts of She United States it is applied to crushed lire brick or mixtures of cither crushed hie brick or silica lock with clay, (ffi GROG Burned refractory material, usually calcined clay or crushed lire brick. (ff) HAUNCH That portion of an arch which is midway between the skewhack and the crown. Iff l HEADER A brick laid in a wall on its largest face with its longest dimension at right angles to the face of the wall. Iff! HEARTH AND BOSH BRICK Fireclay brick for use in lining the hearth walls and bosh sections of a blast furnace, (ffi HERRINGBONE BOND Brick laid in an angular or zigzag fashion, forming a herringbone pattern in the plan view. HOT TOP A special refractory shape or construction which is placed on (op of an ingot or casting mold to hold a quantity of molten iron which will later flow downward to compensate for the shrinkage as the ingot solidifies. INWALL BRICK Fireclay brick for use in lining the inwall section of a blast furnace. (R> JACK ARCH A sprung arch with plane, hotizontal, outer and iisnet suifaces. JAMB BRICK A brick muddied so that the comer of one end and side is rounded with a radius approximately equal to the width of the hiick. {Ri KILN MARKS Irregularities on the surface of a refractory caused by deformation under load during burning, iff) LAMINATIONS Planes or contours of weakness in a molded re fractory, which may develop during the forming process, (ffj LEAN MORTAR Mortar having poor troweling properties, (ffi NEUTRAL REFRACTORIES A term applied to refractories which are neither strongly basic nor strongly acid, such as chrome, mullitc, or carbon. Iff) NINE-INCH EQUIVALENT The volume of a aVlVi'xJ'/i' brick (101.25 cubic inches) which unit is used to express the amount of material in a single shape, shipment, or period of pro duction of refractory materials. 132 GLOSSARY--Continued 6 NOZZLE BRICK A tubular rcftucloiy shapr used m a ladle with a hole through which steel is teemed at the bottom of a ladle, the upper end of the shape serving as a seat for the stopper. Iff) OVERFIRING Hetting to a temperature suiiieient to cause either pronounced deformation or bloating. PERMEABILITY The property of allowing liquids or eases to How into or through a material, iff' PIGEONHOLE CHECKER An arrangement of checker brick in continuous parallel horizontal rows, so that alternate courses of bricks are parallel and intervening courses are laid at 90 degrees to adjacent courses. POURING PIT REFRACTORIES Refractories used for the transfer arid control of flow of molten steel in ingot molds. Note. The materials include ladle brick, sleeves, nozzles, stoppers, hot tops, runner brick, etc. iff' RAMMING MIX A refractory material which, when tempered with water, will have suitable pro[Jtrlies to allow it to be rammed into place to form a monolithic furnace lining and which develops structural strength when subsequently heated in the furnace. Note. Usually of a less plastic nature than plastic refractories, (ffi RED HEART A harmless reddish core, sometiines found in fire clay refractor ics. RING The sound prsxluced when two brick uic stiuek together or when one brick is tapped with a hard object, ff - RISE The vertical distance between a plane connecting the spring lines and the highest point of the under side of an arch, (ffi ROWLOCK- Brick laid on edge with their longest dimension at right angles to the furnace wall RUNNER BRICK A refractory shape having a hole or holes through which molten steel is conveyed during the teeming of bottom-poured ingots, (ffi SCUTCH A hand tool resembling a small pick with flat cutting edges for trimming brick to the desired size or shape. Iff' SECOND QUALITY FIRECLAY BRICK A trade term usually indicating intermediate duty fireclay brick as classified by A.S.T.M. 13 t u GLOSSARY--Concluded SECONDARY EXPANSION A characteristic of some fireclay refractories to develop permuiieot expansion at temjreratures within thrir useful range in service. Note* A behavior not to be confused with the bloating caused by excessive temperatures which impair the useful prupci ties of a refractory, iff) SINGLE-SCREENED GROUND REFRACTORY MATERIAL A refractory material that contains a natural gradation of particle sizes resulting from grinding or crushing and from which particles coarser than a specilied size have been removed by screening. (A) SLEEVES Tubular refractory shapes used to protect the metal rod which holds the stopper head in the valve assembly of a bottom-pouring ladle, (R) SOLDIER COURSE A course of brick laid in a wall on end with their narrower side parallel to the furnace wall. (/?! SPRING LINE The line of contact between the inside surface of an arch and the skewback. (ft) SPRUNG ARCH An arch which is supported by abutments at the sides or ends only. (R) STEAM PRESSED BRICK Brick made by repressing blanks cut from u column of clay from an auger machine STIFK MUD REPRESSED BRICK See steam pressed brick. STOPPER HEAD A refractory shape, usually made of clay and graphite, which is a movable valve head seating on the nozzle brick, the assembly forming a valve for the metal in bottom(rouring ladles, (ft) STRETCHER A brick laid in a wall with its largest face hori zontal and its longest dimension parallel to the face of the wall. (R) SUSPENDED ARCH An arch in which the brick shapes are suspended from overhead supporting members. (R) THIRD QUALITY FIRECLAY BRICK A trade term usually indicating low duty fireclay brick, as classified by A.S.T.M. TILE -Rectangular refractory shapes in sizes larger than standard brick and usually typified by thinness with respect to length and width. (R) TOP BRICK - Fireclay brick for use in lining the top section of a blast furnace. (R) TUYERE BRICK A refractory shape containing one 01 more holes through which air and other gases are introduced into a furnace, (f?) WOTB: _ ' '" iAi Definition from A.S.T.M. Definition# of Term# Relating i Kefrec* turir* C 71. (Rf Definition* of the American Refractories Institute* Bulletin No 87. 134 IJ n a a [i [i n a 0a r-'m -j NOTES NOTES G SM Si 53 it*. Printed in U.S- A, A Department Devoted to the Production of Refractories, Their Performance in Use, and News of the industry Permanente Metals Corporation Making Refractories History on West Coast At the present time the company is producing 13 different refrac tories products. They have developed a material for special high-tempercture ap plications that will withstand a load cf 25 pounds per square inch up to a temperature of 4,000 degrees F. wifhcuf shearing. Ir. the course of operating the largest cement plan; the world, at Perma nence. California, which supplied the entire amount of bulk cement used for wartime purposes in the Pacific area, besides operating various other heavy industries, the Henry J. Kaiser con cerns naturally ran into many difficult refractory problems. How area: these problems were will be seer, from the fact that each kiln in the cement plant alone used 15.000 basic kiln blocks in its hot zone. Equipment was subjected to such strenuous use that 60 days was the average run of Permanente kilns, with the best brick then available. Consequently, in order to guard attains: serious stoppage of work. The Permanente Metals Corporation as signed engineers to the task of develop ing new refractories and improving those already on the market. By 15)45 the Permanente kilns were averaging 110 days of work, instead of .50 days, with the refractories de veloped in the Kaiser laboratories. In fact, the research work with the new and improved materials was so suc cessful that Kaiser was soon able to offer a limited amount of high quality brick to other western industries using basic refractories. At the present time. The Perma- ntr.te Metals Corpora 'tr-ufac- tures 13 different refractoi te* products, in three separate fields; ill dolomite refractories materials; <*21 magnesia refractories, or periclase; and i?,t basic brick, mortars, and ramming mixes, using bnh oeviclase and chromite as raw materials. Work or. these refrac tories is done by new facilities located adjacent to the source of raw mat*; rials. Permanetne's Seawater Magne sia Chemical Plant at Moss Landing, on Monterey Bay. on the California coast. Established early in H`46. this plain is now equipped with the latest types of proportioning devices. Simp son mixers, brick presses with capac ity of 1000-ton thrust, screening equip ment. and facilities for rigid quality control. The Permanente company entered the basic refractory field under cir cumstances that were unique and fa* vorabie for success, as it combined in ferial view of the Permanente Metal Corporation's Sea "ater Chemical and Refractory plants. Moss Landing, Calif. Brick facilities are pictured in right foreground. Shown in the background are huge thickener tanks (250 ffR 1 diameter), where raw material is processed. This pbmt equipped v. ith the latest type machinery and equipnwnt* BRICK & CLAY RECOUP APPLICATIO N -- REFRACTORIES -- PRODUCTION Storage bins at the Permanente plant contain tons of mixing materials for proportioning devices, mixers and brick presses. From these bins come the materials for the 13 different refractory products manufactured at this plant. One of the two, four-mold International presses in : at the Permanente plant which has a rated capacity tons per shift, or 100 tons every 24 hours, of closely trolled high temperature refractories. one organization neamy souices of and the attack of iron oxide and basic abundant raw material of a high de slag. gree of purity, and facilities for test ing and proving its products under the Overcome MgO Difficulties varied and exacting demands of its own enterprises. As a consequence, it has been able to achieve results that are novel and revolutionary in the field of refractories. The difficulties of sintering and bond ing encountered in the use or high magneoia materials, under ordinary conditions, have been overcome in forming a grain for Permanente 84 by the fact that the magnesia, as pre 4,000 Degree F. Refractory cipitated from the sea water reaction, For example, The Permanente Met als Corporation has developed a mate rial for special nigh-temperature ap plications that will withstand a load of 25 pounds per square inch up to a is in the form of very small crystals of magnesium hydroxide. "This", said Mr, L. W. Austin, head of the Per manente Research Laboratory, Milpi tas, California, "makes an excellent temperature o: 4.000 degrees F. with out shearing. The extent of its uses has media through which to thoroughly disperse any desirable additive which not been fully explored. This product, aids in the formation of dense, hard, which has an excess of 96 TV of MgO. is a good example of what can be done crystallized grains. Firing to high temperature (above that to which the with basic refractories. One of this company's most notable - materia] will be subjected in use) completes the formation of the periciase." refractory products is that known as Permanente 84 Periciase Ramming Material, the principal component of The difficulty of making magnesia compounds of high MgO content into a dense crystallized mass, the problem which is periciase (high grade deadburned crystalline magnesia), made by of properly bonding the grains, if the formation of fluids at high temperature the sea water-calcined dolomite proc ess A typical analysis of the particu lar type used in Permanente 84 is: is to be avoided, and other obstacles, have been overcome by the Permanente company through a process upon which a patent has been allowed. Mr. Austin SiOz 5.79 explained the nature of this process P.-.O3 1.24 as follows: "The method is to preform CaO 1,12 a special bond component under rigid MgO 91.35 specifications. This bonding agent is ,, As will be seen, the periciase is low very finely ground and dispersed in in deleterious impurities. It is well the mass. One feature of this ma shrunk and is resistant to hvdration terial is that it has a relatively low sintering or melting point. At point, however, chemical action taka? place with the MgO, with the resultant] formation of the high temperanar' minerals magnesio-ferrite and forster-' ite. In other words, this thermo-chem ical reaction causes the formation fa network of crystals which form <&* rectly on the periciase grains throughout the bond itself. As the tern--' perature is raised, there is not the ia*'j crease in fluids as would be the cast' if fluxing agents had been used to s*L cure the bond." (The number 84 hap-* pens to be the development numebr us<4. in the laboratory.) Some Products Made 5 Other refractories manufactured The Permanente Corporation are as to*" . lows: Periciase "A"---This is low in if* chrome-free, and very refractory-. Some of its applications are; S'**' furnace checkers; cement kilns; do* _ mite kilns; electric steel fuvnac**; copper converters, reverbatory * holding furnaces; lead cupola * - naces, and by-product furnaces. Periciase Chrome "A"--This higher spall resistance, and is ^ in cement kilns and electric - furnaces. .y Chrome Periciase "A"---This i*33 jf(| highest spall resistance, and is ^ in all applications between rool bottom. ,.,r. Chrome (burned only)--chara^^ ized by high chromite--correct puirv ri i v APPLICATION -- REFRA ] A view of some of the testing furnaces in the laboratory of the Permanente plant at Milpitas. New development is a brick ramming mix and mortars containing from 96% to 97% MgQ. Rotary furnace for testing the resistance of refractories Work on new products is continuously carried on by company. and is used in steel furnace bot toms. Permanente 95--a dry chrome plastic, air setting, with low shrinkage. Used in open hearth doors, level ing brick work, forging hearth bot toms, etc. -Permanente SO--characterized by high magnesia, highly refractory, with quick burn-in. It is used in bonding all basic brick. Permanente 91--a dry chrome mortar, airsetting, and used for bonding all types of refractory brick. The Permanente Metals Corpora tion has a permanent research pro gram under way in its laboratory at Milpitas, California, the most recent FOR LONG-TIME SATISFACTION Mallix SCREEN PLATES Seven important reasons account for the long life and lasting economy of Mallix Screen Plates: 1. Increased wear resistance 2. Increased screening area 3. Uniform sizing 4. No breakage 5. Smooth, clean openings 6. Lighter weight 7. Moderate cost Many dry pan manufacturers have standardized on Mallix Screen Plates, which are made in standard styles and slot sizes for all commonly-used dry pans. Most sizes are carried in stock for quick shipment. For long-time satisfaction and economy, insist on Mallix Screen Plates. ALL1X development of which is a new serfs* of refractories in the form of britk ramming mix and mortars containiaf from 96% to 97% MgO, and whid show very high refractoriness, spalling resistance, and low shrink* combined with remarkable resist** to iron oxide and basic slags. "jjj Work on these new products has p*4 gressed to the point where they uf now being tested by several of tW large steel mills, copper smelters, lead smelters, and cement kilns. Because of the very small amount of impurities in these products, they will un doubtedly open up new fields for the use of basic refractories where mag nesite was not previously feasible, say Permanente officials. All shapes, from standard and cus tomary ones, such as keys, wedge*,' etc., to specially shaped refractories for particular uses, arc made by the Per manente company. Most refractories are shipped as chemically bonded and receive their burning in place of use- Modern Dust Collector Units Installed at Zero A modernized dust collecting svste* has been completed by Standard Fnf Engineering Co., Detroit, Mich., in th**1 Zero Refractory Division. Two P^ born units, one for crushing and grin ing and the other in the mixing dep*j* ment, have been installed in the co pany's program to increase product* and improve working conditions to the increasing volume of business. SCREEN PLATES NATIONAL MALLEABLE and STEEL CASTINGS CO. Cleveland, O. nr A Are brick manufacturer is extp'"eur>ia.ff1 'ffr with a new method of pressure aJ>P'C<>ntir on their drj p, ress machines. I.f the J^n. ment succeeds, it is said that Poss`p\l(l entire de-airing process will be eii'ntn BRICK & CLAY RECOUP AUTOMATION--How con o small plant go into automation, what cost and planning...............53 SHALITE -- Continuity of the production process is key to success of this Ten nessee lightweight co^40 $60,000 -- Will be saved annually by the three La clede pioe plants with new packaging idea. .... ,57 ! : KgwSS ffiioti Refractory FEac Even before construction was completed, plans were approved to further expand capacity at this new Ohio plant. Strategic location near all forms of transportation has cut delivery time up to two weeks. ALL BRICK ore dried upon leaving the presses at Columbiana, Some are then snipped as chemically bonded brick while others ore fired at over 2800 F. The new basic refractories plant *t Kaiser Aluminum & Chemie;,, Corpora tion's Chemicals Division was dedicat ed in colorful ceremonies sponsored jointly by the company and the Cham ber of Commerce in Colurrrbiana, Ohio, recently. The So million facility, which ha.* been under construction for a little more than a year, has commenced operations and is now supplying b*f* refractory brick, ramming mixes, and furnace grains to the steel, cement, glass and copper Industrie- :i, the etf* and middle west. The dedication ceremony ciiniaxi'd a day-long celebration which dr** thousands of residents of Columbia*'* and the surrounding area. Plant tout* were conducted throughout the w*?' ing and afternoon. Over 1,500 pound-* of beef were served at a public harbe- que held at noon in Firestone Pnr^j Guests included company officials 3l' state and local leaders. Located in Steel Arm The decision to buiiri a new pi Columbiana was based for improved service tpon the to custom^ Here, Kaiser Chemical# are ^ easy distance of the large consult . ............. ..... ,,rfORp I tht' Midwest and East. Prevsousiy jr,jiiners in lfl" nrea were supplied FU, the California facilities of the Fjipany- The new plant will shorten ^livery time in some cases by as much ' 14 days. p i Transportation Good fhe plant covers more than three jfiS and 1 located or. a 185-acre site ^ the main line of the Pennsylvania Inroad and within a few miles of the 1(^.Pennsylvania turnpike system. It \ also located strategically :* thiiippin? lanes when the St. I.uwv-ne. ^way is completed. The plant took 20 months to builu rjj cost nearly So million. Even be,re the installation was complete. ians were approved to expand its caicity by adding a third press. Ultiateiy. the Columbiana plan: will t-moy 100 men and will produce more an 110,000 tons of refractory prdjcts pec year. Two principal products are manufacured at the Columbiana plant: one i> asic refractory brick for high temerature applications in steel, cupp-r. lass, cement and other industries ir. ^ I which extreme temperatures must bi rithstood. Ramming mix is also pr. -- faced at this plant from essentially the s.*me materials as the brick, but is sacked dry and shipped to the cus tomer for mixir.tr with water and ram ming in place, usually in th- bottom jf a steel furnace. Raw Materials Imported The principal raw materials front which refractory materials are manu factured at Columbiana c-me from wo widely separated g-ographicas leva- is. Chrome o:- is imparled iron: the Philippines and :r;.n'->hippni hy rail from Baltimore. Md. The opening of the St. Lawrence .Seawaywill enable the company to receive tin* ore either in Cleveland or Ashtabula. Ohio, thus reducing rail transporta tion considerably. Th- other primary ingredient--perivi..------; .'hipped by rai! to Columbia:;., :V-n. tie- e,,mpane's sea-water magr.esit.- plant a: M'--' Landing. Cstlif. ary as muen a; 1UU tvr.s ol ctaoiiie civ per hour. Front the rotary dryer, thmateria! is conveyed to another 750ton primary storage silo. From these primary storage silos, the periclase and chrome ore are moved over independent conveyui systems t" grinding mills, screens and classifiers. which sort the material into various sizes. A total of 17 screen; are used in separating sizes ranging from --4 mesh down through --40 mesh. Mechanical air separators aiv used for further classification of the raw material by separating materia', from --10 mesh through --325 mesh. During this opertion, a total of 15 dust collectors are used so that the plant is dust-free at all times. It might be noted at this point that not a single window was installed in the manufac turing plant building testifying to the fact that excessive circulation un necessary. 50 Storage Bins Utilized Each one of the various size* of processed periclase and chrome ore is held in separate bins. A total of 5s bins, each holding 60 tons, are utilized in storing the different sizes of both chrome ore and periclase, ranging it: size from --1 mesh to --325 mesh. Under the bins is a mobile hopper anu scale to weigh the materials for each batch. A total of 19 automatic feeders are employed to proportion the prune: amount of materia! mu* this mobile hopper. Each batch i.- taken by belt conveyor from the weigh hopper into a mixer. Her-, in a lure muliei-iyj* mixes. tr.e bonus. a:e adueu which bind th.combination of periclase and chrome ore for making basic refractory brick. If the batch is for sacked materials, it is conveyed from the wtigh-hopper t" a tumble-type mixer into which no water is added, as tne sacked mate rial is moistened at the time of use. Forming and Drying Gravity fed. the material is con veyed from the mullet- type mixers to two 1.000-ton presses where, under pressure of approximately 12.000 psi, it is formed into shape. The material from the tumble-type mixer is gravity fed into an automatic sacker where the material is put into bags. The formed brick are set directiy onto tunnel kiln cars capable of hold ing approximately two tons of waneach. These cars are moved through a two-tunnel dryer, each 160 feat long and capable of holding 23 cars. The ware is dried at 600 :F. for a period of eight hours. Some of the brick emerge from the dryer as chemically bonded brick and are ready to ship in this condition. Also, at this point, three-sided metal is added to some jf the brick and shipped as metal-clad basic ware. Tunnel Kiln Operation The other brick are moved to the Kiln where they are fired at tempera tures ranging from 2400 :F. to 2900'F.. depending on the type of brick. Thtunnel kiln is 300 feet long and hold.57 cars of ware. At present, the tunm 1 kiln is operating on a two and two- (Continued on following page) Raw Material' Preparation Ik'th pi-riclas- and chrome ore a:- received in railrotn: h-pper cars and emptied into an underground track hopper beneath the railroad siding. The periclase is then removed from the track hopper hy conveyor belts and elevators directly to ora- of the 150-ton primary stnrag- f,,i- far- `ne- processing. Tile chrome ore is removed from the -k hopper and conveyed to a jaw ci ...sher which crushes it to minus 3-in. A belt conveyor transports the material to a gyratory crusher which breaks the ore into sizes smaller than - m., after which the ore is trans ported to ti rotary dryer which is 5-ft. *n diameter and 80-ft. Iona. At this Point the ore is dried at 300 ' F. Should th- occasion demand, it is possible to .HIGH TEMPERAT|[RE basic refractory brick is stocked ready for shipment. A.t right is tunnel kiln end in left background is a funnel drier. COLUMBIANA lli VIEW OF SIDE of plant also shows road side welding equipment and storage piles, Below is shown one of the plant's presses. .mm iny -vcle per <:a;\ attaining a capacity of 1.200 tons of ware per month. Xatuial eas is used as the fuel. All brick, chemically bonded, metal ciaci. or burned are palletized and strapped for shipment by truck, rail, or ocean v.--sel. The loading' area per mits loading under cover of four large ^mi-trailers simultaneously, a feature very desirable during inclement weather in a peak season. The sacked material is usually* palletized for ship ping at Columbiana Quality Control Laboratory The products made in Columbiana ar under close supervision and labo ratory control. Backed by the constant research at the Refractory Research Laboratory at Milpitas. Calif., and byfield testing, all products leaving the plant are assured of a constant qual ity, in addition to the research and quality control laboratory in the Columbiana plant manned by a full time staff. The laboratory is equipped with the latest in equipment, includ ing pilot plant crushers, pulverizers, screening apparatus, compression test ing machines, and even a spectro photometer. The -."jmpuny a!.-.' 4^ machine shop with a standa;", .v.achT* 1 shop equipment installed in tt. ,^n ton hydraulic press, a met?.; $har* ' metal lathe, drill press are all Pg*f* of the equipment set-up in th sj* along with a surface grinder to a polish-surface on the faces ,,f dies used in the plant. Capacity to Be Increa>ed At present the capacity of t'r..: is 30.000 tons of sacked material p. year, along with the 1.200 tons of bajj^ brick each month. When additional equipment now on order is installed by the end of this year, the plant' annual capacity for basic brick. aside-U from ramming mixes and turnn;aet grains, will be 48.000 tons, This capacity can be achieved by `racing through the original design of the plant again. The plant was s, located on the present site so that an be expanded in three directions. Plant manager of the new Colum biana facility is E. W. Adams, who haa been with the company for 13 yearasH and has been associated with its chemi. ca! operations most of the time. List of Suppliers Kaiser Chemicals Division -s2j Equipment Suppliers H Car Shaker....Allis-Chalmers Mfg. CoJIl Milwaukee. Wis? Track mobile..........Whiting Corporatioa Harvey, III Conveyor Idlers....Hewitt-Robins, Inc Stamford, Conn. Conveyors ............... Hewitt-Robins, Ine. Stamford. Conn. Belting........................ Hewitt-Robins, lne.J Stamford, Conn. -3K Rotary Dryer.............Harriinge Co., Inc 'M York, Pa-,%i Jaw Crusher............ Kennedy-Van Saun ; Mfg. & Engrg. Co.. Danville, P*.. Cone Crusher....... Smith Engrg. Works i Milwaukee, Wis. jj Freight Elevator,...Canton Elevator d Mfg. Co., Canton, Ohio Screens................................ W. S. Tyler CoA; Cleveland, OhMwf Scales...................... Richardson Scale Cow Clifton, N. J*,, Scales....Toledo Scale Co., Toledo. Qhtj' Transformers.........General Electric CoSchenectady, NT. 1* Electrical Stations...........Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, P*' Power Converters.......... W. S. Tyler C<v Cleveland. Oh Fans..................Robinson Ventilating CoZelienople. "* Dust ColIectors....Rees Blow Pipe Co.. Berkeley. Cal" Dust Collectors............... Pangborn CorP Hagerstown. Feeders....Hardinge Co., Inc.. York, I* Batch Mixers............Worthington C_orP' Harrison. ' Batch-weighing Cars........ Alias-Pacific Co., Inc., Oakland. Ca'"* ti.ii'O,' State- Electrical t urp Maywood. Calif n................. Chambers Bros. Co Philadelphia. J*a >lills......Kennedy-Van Saun Mfg & Engrg, Co.. Danville. Pa jesses............... International Clay ' Machinery Co.. Dayton, Ohio Kiln......Allied Engineering Co. Cleveland, Ohio .............. Allied Engineering Co. Cleveland. Ohio i fomPr?s-SUI>...........Gardner-Denver r Co.. Denver. Colo. U Batch Mixer...........Simpson Div.. National Engrg, Co., Chicago. 111. , Dryer Controls......MinneapoltsBoneywel! Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. j-te Hoppers........ Houra Iron Works Detroit, Mich. (,fr?........ North American Mfg. Co. Cleveland, Ohio WHITING TRACKMOB1LE is used for shuttling railrood cars to unloading. Machine Shop Equipment non Hydraulic Press......Manly Div., [American Chain & Cable. York. Pa. |^ta! Shaper....Western Machine Tool Works. Holland, Mich, [jrfare Grinder....Gallmeyer & Living ston Co.. Grand Rapids. Mich. Idal Lathe......Barney Machinery Co. Pittsburgh. Pa. ,-ill Press.............Buffalo Machine Co. Buffalo, N. Y. F. M. CASHIN Vice-President Laboratory Equipment Projector....Wilson Projector.. Co. Cleveland, Ohio fibratmg............... ....................Syntron Co. Homer City. I'a. Teens............ .................. W. S. Tyler Co. Cleveland. Ohio files...,Toledo Scale Co., Toledo, Ohio prying Ovens....Electric Hotpack Co lne.. Philadelphia. Pa. WORTHINGTON botch mixer has ca pacity of 6,000 lbs. of material for mix ing castabie batches. Lab -Ja Crusher........................ Bleu. Inc. Burbank, Calif. Pulverizer....Bico. Inc.. Burbank, Calif. Compression Testing Machine....Tinius Olson Testing Machine Co. Willow Grove, Pa. D. A. RHOADES Vice-President R. T, DRENNAN Gen'! Sales Mgr E. W ADAMS Plant Manager -OADING A KILN car of refractories onto pallets. All workers wear safety helmets EMBER. 19M- A Department Devoted to the Production of Refractories, Their Performance in Use, and News of the Indtr Permanente Metals Corporation Making Refractories History on West Coast At the present time the company is producing 13 different refrac tories products. They have developed a material for special high-tempercture ap plications that will withstand a load cl 25 pounds per square inch up to a temperature of 4,000 degrees F. without shearing. in the course of operating the largest cement plant in the world, at Perma nente, California, which supplied tne entire amount bulk cement used for wartime purposes the Paciric area, besides operating various other heavy industries, the Henry J. Kaiser con cerns naturally ran into many difficult refractory problems. How great these problems were will he seer, from the fact that each kiln in the cement plant alone used 15.000 basic kiln blocks in its hot tone. Equipment was subjected to such strenuous use that 60 days was the average run of Permanence kilns, with the best brick then available. Consequently, in order to guard against serious stoppage of work. The Permanence Metals Corporation as signed engineers to the task of develop ing new refractories and improving those already on the market. By 1945 the Permanente kilns were averaging 110 days of work, instead of 60 days, with the refractories de veloped in the Kaiser laboratories. In fact, the research work with the new and improved materials was so suc cessful that Kaiser was soon able to offer a limited amount of high quality brick to other western industries using basic refractories. At the present time. The Perrna- r.sr.te Metals Corporation mnr.ufic. cures 13 different refractories products, in three separate fields; ill dolomite refractories materials; (2> magnesia - refractories, or periclase; and (Si basit ' brick, mortars, and ramming mixes,' using both nericlass and chromite a* . raw materials. Work on these refrae- < tories is done by new facilities located? adjacent to the source of raw mate-^ rials. Permanente's Seawater Magne-* sia Chemical Plant at Moss Landing,'! on Monterey Bay, on the CaiiforntjJ coast. Established eariy in 1946, thisS plant is now equipped with the latest*s types of proportioning devices. Simp-;' son mixers, brick presses with capac-A icy of 1000-ton thrust, screening equip ment, and facilities for rigid quality ; control. , The Permanente company entered.. the basic refractory field under cir- cumstances that were unique and fvorable for success, as it combined in - Aerial view of the Permanente .Metal Corporation's Sea water Chemical and Refractory plants. Moss Landing, Calif. Brick facilities are pictured in right foreground. Shown in the background are huge thickener tanks (250 fee diameter), uhere raw material is processed. This P'#n equipped with the latest type machinery and equipm?11 REC0RDjBRICK & CLAY A view of some of the testing furnaces in the laboratory of the Permanente plant at Milpitas. New development is a brick ramming mix and mortars containing from 96% to 97% MgO. Rotary furnace for testing the resistance of refractoria. Work on new products is continuously carried on by company. and is used in steel furnace bot toms. Permanente 95--a dry chrome plastic, air setting, with low shrinkage. Used in open hearth doors, level ing brick work, forging hearth bot toms, etc. Permanente SO--characterized by high magnesia, highly refractory, with quick burn-in. It is used in bonding all basic brick. Permanente 91--a dry chrome mortar, airsetting, and used for bonding all types of refractory brick. The Permanente Metals Corpora tion has a permanent research pro gram under way in its laboratory at Milpitas, California, the most recent FOR LONG-TIME SATISFACTION Mallix SCREEN PLATES Seven important reasons account for tbe long life and lasting economy of Mallix Screen Plates: 1. Increasod woar rtsistonc* 2. Increased zcrooning aroa 3. Uniform sizing 4. No breakage 5. Smooth, clean openings 6. tighter weight 7. Moderate cost Many dry pan manufacturers have standardized on Maliix Screen Plates, which are made in standard styles and slot sizes for all commonly-used dry pans. Most sizes are carried in stock for quick shipment. For long-time satisfaction and economy, insist on Mallix Screen Plates. Mallix development of which is a new seria of refractories in the form of brick ramming mix and mortars containis* from 96% to 97'"I- MgO, and whit^ show very high refractoriness, goot, spalling resistance, and low shrinks; combined with remarkable rcsisUaeto to iron oxide and basic slags. Work on these new products has pfoE* gressed to the point where they ut now being tested by several of the* large steel mills, copper smelters, lead smelters, and cement kilns. Because of the very small amount of impurities ; in these products, they will un doubtedly open up new fields for the use of basic refractories where mag nesite was not previously feasible, say Permanente officials. All shapes, from standard and cus tomary ones, such as keys, wedges, etc., to specially shaped refractories for particular uses, are made by the Pi manente company. Most refractories are shipped as chemically bonded ami receive their burning in place of use. Modern Dust Collector Units Installed at Zero A modernized dust collecting svst* has been completed by Standard fuf Engineering Co., Detroit, Mich., in t^eir Zero Refractory Division. Two P* born units, one for crushing and ?rID ing and the other in the mixing dep*^ ment, have been installed in the c0* pany's program to increase product and improve working conditions to m the increasing volume of business' SCREEN PLATES NATIONAL MALLEABLE and STEEL CASTINGS CO. Cleveland, O. M 70 .-ft* A fire brick manufacturer is experunC" with a new method of pressure appl`c' ^ on their dry press machines. If the memnt sauitcttcterceudos., iitt ilas szuaiud tmhauti possi entire de-airing process will be elitn,n BRICK & CLAY RECOftf A P P LI C A T I ON -- REFRACTORIES -- PRODUCTION Storage bins at the Permanente plant contain tons of mixing materials for proportioning devices, mixers and brick presses. From these bins come the materials for the 13 different refractory products manufactured at this plant. One of the two, four-mold International presses in at the Permanente plant which has a rated capacity tons per shift, or 100 tons every 24 hours, of closely e trolled high temperature refractories. i one organization nearby souices of abundant raw material of a high de gree of purity, and facilities for test ing and proving its products under the varied and exacting demands of its own enterprises. As a consequence, it has been able to achieve results that are novel and revolutionary in the field of refractories. 4,000 Degree F. Refractory For example, The Permanente Met als Corporation has developed a mate rial for special high-temperature ap plications that will withstand a load of 25 pounds per square inch up to a temperature of 4,000 degrees F. with out shearing. The extent of its uses has not been fully explored. This product, which has an excess of 96ri of MgO. is a good example of what can be done with basic refractories. One of this company's most notable refractory products is that known as Permanente 84 Periclase Ramming Material, the principal component of which is periclase thigh grade deadburned crystalline magnesia), made by the sea water-calcined dolomite proc ess A typical analysis of the particu lar type used in Permanente 84 is: Si02 R"Os CaO MgO 5.79 1.24 1.12 91.85 As will be seen, the periclase is low in deleterious impurities. It is well shrunk and is resistant to hydration and the attack of iron oxide and basic slag. Overcome MgO Difficulties The difficulties of sintering and bond ing encountered in the use or high magnesia materials, under ordinary conditions, have been overcome in forming a grain for Permanente 84 by the fact that the magnesia, as pre cipitated from the sea water reaction, is in the form of very small crystals of magnesium hydroxide. "This", said Mr. L. W. Austin, head of the Per manente Research Laboratory, Milpi tas, California, "makes an excellent media through "which to thoroughly disperse any desirable additive which aids in the formation of dense, hard, crystallized grains. Firing to high temperature (above that to which the material will be subjected in use) com pletes the formation of the periclase." The difficulty of making magnesia compounds of high MgO content into a dense crystallized mass, the problem of properly bonding the grains, if the formation of fluids at high temperature is to be avoided, and other obstacles, have been overcome by the Permanente company through a process upon which a patent has been allowed. Mr. Austin explained the nature of this process as follows: "The method is to preform a special bond component under rigid specifications. This bonding agent is very finely ground and dispersed in the mass. One feature of this ma terial is that it has a relatively low sintering or melting point. At ti point, however, chemical action Uk place with the MgO, with the result*: formation of the high temperatu minerals magnesio-ferrite and forste ite. In other words, this thermo-chea ical reaction causes the formation i a network of crystals which form d rectly on the periclase grains *a throughout the bond itself. As the ten perature is raised, there is not the ii crease in fluids as would be the cm if fluxing agents had been used to cure the bond." (The number 84 hep pens to be the development numebr use in the laboratory.) Some Products Made Other refractories manufactured The Permanente Corporation are as fol lows: Periclase "A"--This is low in i1* chrome-free, and very refractor! Some of its applications are: g`** furnace checkers; cement kilns; dol mite kilns; electric steel furnace copper converters, reverbatory * holding furnaces; lead cupola 1 naces, and by-product furnaces. . Periclase Chrome "A"--This h**^ higher spall resistance, and ^ in cement kilns and electric } furnaces. _^ Chrome Periclase "A"--This highest spall resistance, and '*_ in all applications between i'30t bottom. .<f. Chrome (burned only)--`'hsr3^, ized by high chromite--corre*-1 . -,?n r f rf - *r- k. KeVcf$5 Million Refrscfcaty Plat. Even before construction was completed, plans were approved to further expand capacity at this new Ohio plant. Strategic location near ail forms of transportation has cut delivery time up to two weeks. ALL BRICK are dried upon leaving the presses at Columbiana. Some are then shipped as chemically bonded brick while others are fired at over 2800 f. The new- basic refrac-tone; piant il Kaiser Aluminum & Chemic;-.. Coi-porr tion's Chemicals Division was JedicaL ed in colorful ceremonies sponsored jointly by the company and the Chanr her of Commerce in Colitmbiana. Ohio recently. The $5 million facility, which hi been under construction for a litti* more than a year, has commences operations and is now supplying has* refractory brick, ramming mixes. 3" furnace grains to the steel. cement glass and copper industries b, '.he fW and middle west. The dedication ceremony climax** a day-long celebration which 't_rr' thousands of residents of Columbian1 and the surrounding area. Plant tout1 were conducted throughout the morn ing and afternoon. Over 1,500 poun of beef wc-re served at a public barbf uue held at noon in Firestone Pnr Guests included company officials 3^ state and local leaders. Located in Steel Arm The decision to build a new mont * Columbiana was based upon the nt,` for improved service to custom Here, Kaiser Chemicals are w,t ^ easy distance of the large consul" f.yie Miwest ar.u East, Previously rimers in the area were supplied the California facilities of the gipany- The new plant will shorten uj'-ery time in some cases by as much .14 days. Transportation Good rhe riant covers more than | j.ei ar.Q is located cm a 185-acre site I tnc- main line of the Pennsylvania S^iiroad and within a few mile? of the LjJp.Pennsyivania turnpike system. It 1 Biso located strategically "... th.l^ppirsg lanes when the St. I.cavvih-.. J^an-ay is completed, ' fhe plant took 20 month.- to build cost nearly ?5 million. Even bethe installation was complete, were approved to expand its ca- 'ty by adding a third press. Ultiteiy. the Columbiana plant will >.-my 100 men and will produce more than 110,000 tons of refractory nr<>*i- per year. Two principal products ar- manufac tured at the Columbiana plant; one is basic refractory brick for high tem perature applications in steel, copper, ftass. cement and other industries ir. which extreme temperature? must be withstood. Ramming mix is also pro duced at this plant from essentially :he s. me materials as the brick, but it sacked dry and shipped to the cus tomer for mixing with water and ram ming in place, usually in the bott--m if a steel furnace. Raw Materials Imported The principal raw materials from which refractory materials are manu factured at Columbiana come from two widely separated geographical !ce:t''ons. Chrome ore is import.-.; iron; the Philippines and trans-shipp.-d by rail from Baltimore. Md. The opening of the St, Lawrence Seaway trill enable the company to receive the ore either in Cleveland or Ashtabula. Ohio, thus reducing rail transporta tion considerably. The other primary ingredient--perivlu----i< shipped by tail to Columbiana from the cumD:ir,y'> s.-a-water magra-sit.- piair M'-- Landing, Calif. Raw Materials Preparation l; >th p..ficlaso and chrome ore a>,.a-*..*i.,; jyj raiiroaii hopper cars and emp-.s-d into an underground track rs.pm.*:' beneath the laiiruad siding. The periciase is then removed from the track hopper by conwyor belts and elevators directly to on.- of the "50-ton primary storag.- ,-ib.> ;',.r fur* processing. The chrome ore is rc-mov.-.l fiom tin- hopper and conveyed to a jaw '! -.-her which crushes it to minus 3-in. d-es. A belt conveyor transports the Material to a gyratory crusher which 'o.-aks the ore into sice? smaller than - tr... after which the ore is trans acted to a rotary dryer which is 5-ft. t diameter and 80-ft. long. At this I'fin: the ore is dried at 300"F. Should !h>- occasion demand, it is possible to cry a? mucr, us iUU tun? of me per hour. From the rotary erven. ;i-- material is conveyed to another 750- ton primary storage silo. From these primary storage silos, the periciase and chrome ore are moved over independent cor.veyoi systems grinding miiis. screens and classifiers, which son the material into various sizes. A total of 17 screen* are used in separating size# ranging from --4 mesh down through --40 mesh. Mechanical air separators un used for further classification of the raw material by separating material from --40 mesh through --325 nu-sh. During this opertion. a total of 15 dust collectors are used so that the plant is dust-free at all times. It might be noted at this point that not a single window was installed in the manufac turing plant building testifying to the fact that excessive circulation i.- un necessary. 5s Storage Bins Utilized Each one of the various sizes of processed periciase and chrome or.- is held in separate bins. A total of 58 bins, each holding dO tons, are utilized tn storing the different sizes of both chrome ore and periciase, ranging in size from --4 mesh to --325 mesh. Under the bins is a mobile hopper am: scale to weigh the materials for each batch. A total of 19 automatic feeders are employed to proportion the proper amount "f material into this mobile hopper. Each batch i# taken by beit conveyor from the weigh hopper into a mixer. Here, in a Lu-g. muller-typ mixn, the bonds aie .iUUvj wharfs bind th.combination of periciase and chrome ore for making basic refractory brick. If the batch i? for sacked materials, it is conveyed from the weigh-hopper to a tumbie-type mixer into which no water is added, as the sacked mate rial is moistened at the time of usr. Forming and Drying Gravity fed, the material is con veyed from the muller type mixers to two 1.000-ton presses where, under pressure of approximately 12.000 psi. it is formed into shape. The materia! from the tumble-type mixer is gravity fed into an automatic sucker where the material is put into bags. Tbe formed brick are set directly onto tunnel kiln car# capable of hold ing approximately two tons of warteach. These cars are moved through a two-tunnel dryer, each 10 feet long and capable of holding 23 cars. Theware is dried at 000 :F, for a period' of eight hours. Some of the brick emerge from the dryer as chemically bonded brick and are ready to ship in this condition. Alsu, at this point, three-sided metal is added to some uf the brick and shipp.-d us metal-elan basic ware. Tunnel Kiln Operation The other brick are moved to the kiln where they are tired at tempera tures ranging from 2400 !F, to 2','OiV F.. depending on the type of brick. Th.tunnel kiln is 300 feet long and hold? 57 cars of ware. At present, the tunnel kiln is operating- on a two and two- (Continued on following page) HIGHjJEMPERATURE basic refractory brick is stacked ready for shipment. At right is tunnel kiln ond'rin left background is a tunnel drier COLUMBIANA (from paste SK'I .JjjjliiM VIEW OF SIDE of plant also shows road side welding equipment and storage piles. Below is shown one of the plant's presses. tiurn 'lay 'y::e per u::;.::::ng a capacity of 1.200 tons of ware per month. Natuiai gas is used as the fuel. All brick, chemically bonded, metal clad, or burned are palletised and strapped for shipment by truck, rail, or ocean vessel. The loading area per mits loading under cover of four large semi-tvailers simultaneously, a feature very riesirabie during inclement weather in a peak season. The sacked material is usually palletized for ship ping at Columbiana Quality Control Laboratory HP The products made in Columbiana are under close supervision and labo ratory control. Backed by the constant research at the Refractory Research Laboratory at Milpitas. Calif., and by fi'drl testing, all products leaving the pin nt are assured of a constant qual ity, In addition to the research ami quality control laboratory in the Columbiana plant manned hv a fulltime staff. The laboratory is equipped with the latest in equipment, includ ing pilot plant crushers, pulverizers, ,-croening apparatus, compression test ing machines, and even a spectro photometer. The company also machine shop with a star.da: '<W| hop equipment installed in it Tnaf ton hydraulic press, a metal' sha-!!. metal lathe, drill press are all p*r' of the equipment set-up in ;he P4a'rtj along with a surface grinder :og a ppoolliisshh--ssuurrffaaccee oonn the faces'0, dies used in the plant. Capacity to Be Increa-ed At present the capacity of is 30,000 tons of sacked material ^ year, along with the 1.200 tons l.f bJ2! brick each month. When addition*] equipment now on order is installed by the end of this year, the plant** annual capacity for basic brick, asidL from ramming mixes and furnaeT grains, will be 48.000 tons. Thj. capacity can be achieved by tracing, through the original design of tj,, plant again. The plant was'*, located on the present site so that .a,, expanded in three directions. Plant manager of the new Colum. biana facility is E. W. Adams, who has - been with the company for 13 yearsj and has been associated with its chemiJS cal operations most of the time. v List of Suppliers Kaiser Chemicals Division Equipment Suppliers Car Shaker....Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co .Milwaukee, WisTjj Trackmobile.......... Whiting Corporation ? Harvey, I1L ' Conveyor Idlers....Hewitt-Robins, Inc Stamford. Conn. Conveyors ................Hewitt-Robins, Inc.Stamford, Conn., Belting........................ Hewitt-Robins, Ine.j Stamford. Conn. I Rotary Dryer.............Hardinge Co., Inc. York, P*-y| Jaw Crusher............ Kennedy-Yan Sau Mfg. & Engrg. Co., Danville Pa. Cone Crusher....... Smith Engrg. Worla Milwaukee, "'is.; Freight Elevator....Canton Elevator ft 3 Mfg. Co.. Canton, Ohio if Screens................................W. S. Tyler C Cleveland. Ohio'jj Scales.......................Richardson Scale Co~j Clifton. J. ^ Scales....Toledo Scale Co., Toledo. Ohio4 Transformers........ General Electric Co*. Schenectady, N. '* Electrical Stations.......... Westinghotae , Electric Corp., Pittsburgh. I u? Power Converters..........W, S. Tyler Co. Cleveland, Ohio Funs..................Robinson Ventilating Co. Zelienople. 1 * Dust Collectors....Rees Blow Pipe , Co.. Berkeley. Cam* Dust Collectors............... Pangborn CorpHagerstown. Feeders....Hardinge Co., Inc., lork, * Batch Mixers............Worthington CorpHarrison. > Batch-weighinigg C<-aarrss............... A. tlas*Pj-|c'i;r* Co., Inc., Oakland. Cal' ffnrrft Scale.- Electrical t'orp Maywood. Calif ,,s................ Chambers Bros. Co Philadelphia. Pa tjjjls..... Kennedv-Van Saun Mfg & Engrg. Co.. Danville, Pa |irc'ses............... International Clay 1 Machinery Co., Dayton, Ohio ,1 Kiln......Allied Engineering Co. Cleveland, Ohio J-fj................Allied Engineering Co. iilant m Cleveland. Ohio Pei . ----- r-Denver er. Colo, ion Div,, ago. 111. leapolisvhia, Pa. Works t, Mich, tfg. Co. d. Ohio WHITING TRACKMOBILE is used for shuttling railroad cars to unloading. Machine Shop Equipment ".;t iii. Mon Hydraulic Press..... Manly Div., [American Chain & Cable. York. Pa. Ida! Shaper....Western Machine Tool Works. Holland. Mich, jjrface Grinder....Gallmeyer & Living ston Co.. Grand Rapids, Mich. {trial Lathe..... Barney Machinery Co. Pittsburgh. Pa. pill Pres-............ Buffalo Machine Co. Buffalo. N. Y. F. M. CASHIN Vice-President Laboratory Equipment fiidp Projector...A\ ilson Projector. Co. Cleveland, Ohio 'titrating..................................Syntron Co. Homer City. Pa. ............................ W. S. Tyler Co. Cleveland. Ohio Toledo Seale Co.. Toledo, Ohio Ovens....Electric Hotpack Co., Inc.. Philadelphia. Pa. WORTHINGTON botch mixer has ca pacity of 6.000 lbs. of material for mix ing castable batches. I.ah Jaw Crusher.......................Bico. Inc. Burbank. Calif. Pulverizer....Bico. Inc.. Burbank, Calif. Compression Testing Machine....Tinius Olson Testing Machine Co. Willow Grove, Pa. D. A. RHOADES Vice-President R. T. DRENNAN Gert'l Sales Mar, E. W. ADAMS Plant Manager ^'LOADING A KILN cc' c` ref-actories oitc oallets All woAer: scfe'v helmet; June 2, ly64 Mr. J. A. Stott North Anerican Refractories Ccnpany National City East 6th Building Cleveland It, Ohio Dear Joe: At a recent ceeting of the Board of Directs Manufacturers Association, it was brought i insulation nanufacturars was -planning to a: containers where the products involved inc' I an attaching a copy of that portion of t | which gives the details of this step. Vo are planning to use thi3 sane cautionar on the bags when our present stocks run ou involved arc: Super w66w Cenent, Ghe-Cote "*'43B Carcent. Your corresponding products At your convenience, would you let us know taken with respect to the ceseats which we your label. Sincerely * HIS eagle J?H/sn Att. bcc: Mr. H. F. Nunn Hr. A. L. Jonas i ha P. R General Industrie June 2, 1y&b stories Company tb Building of the Board of Directors of the national Insulation ation, it was broujjit out that one of the r-ajor .rars was planning to add a cautionary note to products involved included asbestos as a constituent. >y of that portion of the minutes of this meeting 11s of this step. is this sane cautionary note, having it printed present stocks run out. The Dagle-Picher oroducts * M66" Cenent, Cne-Cote Cement, "33" Censnt and lorresponding products ares Stas~Ga and Unicote. , would you let us know if you wish similar action to the cements which we ars manufacturing under Sincerely, THS SA0LS-PICE3R COHRAinf GUNNING MIXES ' NARCO LINE G is a dry graphitic type, slag resistant gun mix. Grain size distribution is balanced to give the best gunning properties possible. It has good strength, high density and is resistant to graphite bum out which is essen tial to maintain maximum slag resistance. NARCOLINE G is supplied dry in 100 pound multiwall bags. NARMAG CM-18 is a chrome ore base gun mix with air setting properties. It is applied with a dry type nozzle mix gun where water is added at the nozzle. NARMAG CM-18 finds wide usage in veneering open wails, uptakes and slag pockets as well as studded tube boiler walls. Supplied in 50 and 100 lb. muitiwall paper bags. EXHIBIT / . _ 1 Wftnwts. A c Data u'-il V t Rotr. | hswo 4 (Samson ^