Document v1Gj4KQQzZeg3jqXbzdg1DaD9

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1913 Sept DOC#: NSC046 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Second Safety Congress of the National Council for Industrial Safety SECOND SAFETY CONGRESS OF THE National Council for Industrial Safety -- *: HO TEL McALPIN, NEW YORK I September 23rd to 25th, 1913 -Ji. ;|||. lt M.k. I PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT AJ5CW FOREWORD In mbmitting this volume of Proceedings to^ National Council for Industrial Safety, and others,'' AE.x_e_cu,.tiveryComm.i.t.teemen d, o' so i,n t,,h.e h' o'pe?,that_,tte,kinformation')"( ?;:. presented may proye of practical ' cause of the Accident Prevention M< upen everyday aspects of the wort. *' * Opportunity has been taken to incorporate a brief topical1ificiex wmch may prove of service m locating specific subjects dealt/wil , An regards the "Round Table Sessions, this index ;;n < ^ > eek compJed with any degree of naatitewsss,1as riors is virtually a series of nmoiog i& s'o a and i,vt i.1s__e_a_r_n_e_stly_ desired .thaa.t a. ,,ll 'oj f those in.t.o whose 'hands'this . - . . . . . . . . .... ...............- ............. ... --. - ... `..... --... .... . . 1........ J... 'i>t jr.''i i'i X \*J X/X1^, ^ s v ilwy veil one :xaj fall will carefully digest and profit by the points brought''1' ^ forward at each Sessions--farming, as trey do, an authoritative , . . , 1 w* concensus of expert opinion. hi1r M....Xarpxpsigu^i, liX ,,X h jt 1 l`T' -JJ .................................. >.t;:.M kc GENERAL INDEX ,: . ., ... ..............-... ..................... ... -- ............... ............ ... Pages . EDUCATIONAL SE SSIO N ................................ ........ .......................5~37 : Chairman, Mr. Arthur Williams, President of the American Musunun of Safety, New York, N. Y. " Education in Safety!' . .................................. . ............................ Mr, Arthur Williams. 5-15 : " Plan:; of the American Museum of Safety"............................... v x6~2i Dr. W. H. Tolman, Director of the American Museum ci Safety' . New York, N. Y. " Panama Pacific Exposition" .......................... ................... . .................. 22-25 Mr, Daniel O'Connell Lively, Panama-Pacific International Expo sition, San Francisco, California. ' `Education in Public Safety".......................... ..................25-27 Mr. H. L. Brownell, Safety Inspector, Chicago Railways 'Com -' y , pany, Chicago, 111.' " Safety and the School'' .............. ................. ....................................... Dr. C. B. Conncllcy, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pitts burg, Pa. ' " The Safety Program of the Rochester Railway & Light Company". Mr. Victor T. Noonan, Secretary,' General Safety Committee, Rochester Railway & Light Company, Rochester, N. Y . - 27-34 34-37' FIRE PREVENTION SESSION ........................................... ................ 38-67 Chairman, Mr. Charles E. Meek, Member of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, and Vice-President, Fourth National Baxik,.-v t . V New York, N. Y. " Progress in Fire Prevention Methods".................................. ............. 38-40 Mr. Charles E. Meek. " Exit .Facilities"........................................................... ..................... ... 40-46 Mr. H. J. F. Porter, Consulting Engineer, New York, N. Y . " Fire. ..Drills and Fire Protection"............................ .............................. .46-65'. Mr.; Lewis T . Bryant, Labor Commissioner of the State of New ;.MM Jersey, Trenton, N. J. " The. Necessity for Reaching Both the Employer and Employe in VV/ky Fire Prevention.".. . ........................................... .................................. 65-67 Miss Frances Perkins., New York Committee on Safety, New York, . N. Y . . ORGANIZED SAFETY SESSIO N .. ...................................... ................ 68-xoo Chairman, Dr. L. W. Chaney, Expert, United States Department of Labor, Washington, D.-C. / " The National Council for Industrial Safety and its M ission"..! , 1.'."68-74 Mr. R. W. Campbell, General Attorney and Chairman, 'Central. Committee of Safety, Illinois Steel Company, Chicago, Illinois, , .and President National Councillor Industrial Safety, Chicago, X V A: Illinois. . T' " Organized Safety-- N. C. I. S. " ..................................... 74-81 Dr. Charles P. Neill, Director, Chairman Labor Committee, >;'Yby .American Smelting & Refining Company, New York, N. Y . > " Pennsylvania Department of: Labor and Industry"............8x~ga Dr. John Price Jackson, Commissioner of Labor and Industry for. TV the State of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa. Gen*ral Index Pages. "Occupational Diseases". ................. . . . . . . ............. . . . . . . ................. 9i~94 Dr. John B. Andrews, Secretary, American Association for Labor Legislation, Hew York, N. Y . " The Work of State Industrial Commissions" ............................. 94-97 Mr. Jasper Yeal.cs Brinton, Assistant United, States Attorney, Philadelphia, Pa., and President of the Pennsylvania Child Labor Association. "The Organization of the Massachusetts Employees' Insurance Association"......................................................... .......... ....... ............. 98-100 Mr. Da.vid S. Beyer, Massachusetts Employees' Insurance Associ ation, Boston,-Massachusetts. DIVISIONAL SESSION................ ................................... ..... .......... . . .101-140 Chairman, Hon. James T. McCleary, Secretary, American Iron & Steel Institute, Nev. York, N- Y . " Safety as Promoted by Federal Bureaus"'......................... .................101-107 Dr. L W. Chaney, Expert, United States Department of Labor, Washington," D. C. . . " Safety as Insured by State Bureaus"...................... ............... . v ., .107-1x3 Mr. C. W. Price, Assistant to Industrial Commission, Madison, Wisconsin. "Report on Manufacturers' Associations as Identified with 'Safety First.' ' '............................................. ........ .......... .............. ............. ..113-116 Mr. M. W. Mix, President, Dodge Manufacturing Company, Misha waka, Indiana.. " Safety in Transportation" ................................ . ........ .............. 1...........116-124 Mr. R. C. Richards, Chairman, 'Central Safety Committee,_Chi cago and North Western Railway Company, Chicago, Illinois. "Safety and Welfare in the Iron and Steel Industry" ........ . ........... 104-127 Mr. L. H. Burnett, Carnegie Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. "The Public Safety Problem" .................................... ................... ........ 127-137 Mr. George H. Whittle, Chairman, Public Safety Commission, Chicago and Cook County, Chicago, Illinois. ` `Elevators' ' ............ 137-140 Mr. R. P. Bolton, New York, N. Y . I "ROUND T A B LE " SESSIONS..................... J............................ X41-X87 Chairman, Mr, C. W. Price, Assistant to Industrial Commission, Madison, Wisconsin. : First "Round Table" Session.................................... :............................. 141-152 Second "Round Table" Session................. .-............................. 153-171 Third "Round Table" Session................................................ .171-187 MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION-- BANQUET SPEECHES.. .:-i88-aoo "The National Safety Movement" ........................... . . . . . __ __. . . . . 188-192, Mr. R. W. Campbell, General Attorney and Chairman, Central iT ; * Committee of Safety, Illinois Steel Company, Chicago, 111., and G President National Council for Industrial Safety, Chicago,.111. " The National Gam e."................. ............................; .............. .. 192-200 f Hon. James T. McCleary, Secretary, American Iron & Steel Insti tute, New York, N. Y. \ i yf. (,.{ -, 'n'-\t ( Organised Safety Session 81 ---ought to be an association of all the employing interests of the country, united for this-one cause, contributing to its support, rais ing a large fund and maintaining a bureau with a. large corps of expert men, and that it should also be, essentially and primarily,; a center of light, a center of education, until, as I . said in the beginning; we would 'have `it fully grounded a.nd accepted in every industrial center in the United'States that every avoidable accident was a crime. (Great applause.) C hai rman C h a n e y ; I now have pleasure in introducing to you a gentleman whom we all welcome into our midst: the new Com missioner of Labor and Industry for the. State of Pennsylvania, Dr. John Price Jackson, who will speak on the "Pennsylvania D e partment of Labor and Industry." Dr. J o h n P r i c e J a c k s o n : It gives me great pleasure to be w ith you, because I believe it is through your organization, and similar organizations in the United States, that, such departments as the De partment of Labor and Industry of Pennsylvania, can do much of their best work. There are approximately seventy men and women in the organ ization of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry and ncary 8,000,000 people in the Commonwealth, a very large propor tion of whom are engaged directly in various industries. W hat can seventy men do as policemen, among so large a population, to en force the laws, or what can they do as advisers even, if theycare to work alone? But if the seventy men have the backing of every humanitarian society in the State; have the support;of every manu facturer in the State; have, the confidence of th labor of the State; and have the co-operation of the insurance companies, the school people and public officials of the State, instead o f .beingtseventy);<lp they not become multiplied into tens-of thousands of;man-powers? Do not they, the small State Department men, become the center of a great organization covering the whole Stale, largely made up of voluntary units, and yet very positive and effective? I believe such co-operation w:is intended when this Department was estab lished. . .: I have been informed that what you wish me to do this morning is to give you an outline of our Department or^nization, .1 be- 82 Second Safety Congress lieve, with Dr. Chaney, it is entirely fitting and proper that the State of Pennsylvania should be represented this morning insomuch as the law creating its Department of Labor and Industry is probably the last enacted in any State of the Union, and, the result of .much investigation and thought. A number of prominent men did a large work, at the request of the Governor and the Attorney General of the State, in prepar-. ing a basis for working out the law and many of the details for the creation of this new Department. Of these men I wish to men tion in particular, Jasper Y: Brinton, of Philadelphia, a brilliant lawyer and a man of the highest: humanity. Governor Tener himself took the subject up and reviewed, with Iris Attorney General, the proposals submitted to him, making such modifications as appealed to him as right. He then used his personal influence to have a proper law enacted. I have drawn here a few rough charts which give you a concrete idea of our work. Possibly, I ought to have Washington, the national government, the center and have sur rounded that by a Department of Labor and other national service departments. But since-we are dealing with Pennsylvania, the charts represent the administrative organization of Pennsylvania alone. The State adminis'.tration converges to the center; .thus thecenter circle represents the Governor. Surrounding him, and subject to his will and control are the various departments of' the State. Permit me to say here, as a personal interjection, that when I was appointed to the Department (my first public position.') I had much doubt of the wisdom of accepting, and, further, many of my best friends advised against leaving a private professional career for a political position. As an indication of ray acceptance, I can now honestly say that I have been in my new position three months, and every day my admiration of the great-work that the adminis':ration of Pennsylvania is doing for th people of Pennsylvania, :.s increasing, as is likewise ray respect for the personnel of the ;>eople who aire doing that work. Is not such a statement rath er'sur mising to you from Wisconsin, Massachusetts or elsewhere, who lave often heard ill of ray State? In this age, the State Govern ments and the United States Government are, in a surprising de gree, learning to give direct service of the greatest value along many iines to the people. .F or instance, in Pennsylvania, the Department of Health has changed our water supply from an origin of typhoid . _ Organized Safety Session 83' fever and other sickness t.o one of purity' and saifety, has. reduced contagious disease to a minimum, and many other and valuable works of equal extent have been accomplished. The Highway De partment is covering the State with good main highways, s.s rapidly as its funds will permit, and is certainly reducing- the transporta tion costs of the people. The W ater Ways Department is vigorously attacking the problem of reducing floods and the resultant loss to life and property, promoting steady water flow, and conserving the? water power of our streams as they flow down the mountainsides of the Commonwealth; the Foresty,. Department has gathered, a million acres of woodland and is adding thereto, for the purpose of .maintaining the fertility of our agricultural lands, and to hold for the people" a great natural resource; the Fire Marshal's Depart ment is showing the way to reduce loss by fire; the Public Utilities Commission has entered upon the task of" regulating tire vast public utilities of the Commonwealth in fairness to the user and the in vestor; the Department of Agriculture is demanding th at our food be pure and is aiding the farm er; the Department;-of Education and State College are carrying their facilities, direct:,to the people of all ages and avocations; and so on through the list. The slogan of the State Adm inistration. has become not only Haw and o rd er/5 but also and conjointly therewith, "service." Having now pointed out the Governor's office in the center of our chart and spoken "of some of the sendee departments radiating there from, let us hasten to our more particular business, namely, the new, Department of Labor and Industry. This radiates from the -Governor's office in three lines::, thedega'l; division extends from the Governor through the Attorney General's Department; the Industrial. Board comes directly from the Gover nor; while the various bureaus of the Department, to be described later, are connected to the Governor through the Commissioner, Let me say, before,I go on, that I have yellow here in the char: and blue there (indicating), because our Chief Medical Inspector says that, physiologically, those are the proper colors to indicate danger. I assume that the safety experts have already adopted them to a certain extent. We put green in the Commissioner's spot, not as an indication of character, hut because we'hope he is safe. (Laughter). Let us first take the path to the. Industrial Board, which consists 84 Second Safety Congress of the Commissioner as Chairm an, one employer, one employee, one woman, and one other person. The Industrial Board, being appointed by the Governor, is rather independent from the rest of this organization, which, excepting the Attorney, is appointed by the Commissioner. Its functions .are to investigate various kinds; of labor, such as immigrant, women's and children's labor, and to make special studies along various other lines. But its most important function is to formulate and adopt regulations and rules for carrying the recently enacted safety law of the State into effect. The gist of this law is as follows: "All rooms, buildings and places in this Commonwealth where labor is employed, or shall hereafter be employed,, shah be so. constructed, equipped and arranged, operated and conducted, in all respects, as to provide reasonable and adequate protection for the life, health, safety, and morals" (note particularly the words, "to provide reas onable and adequate protection for the life, health, safety, and morals of all persons employed therein"). For the. carrying into effect of this provision, and the provisions of all the laws of this Commonwealth, the enforcement of which is now or ishall hereafter be entrusted to or imposed upon the Commissioner or De partment of Labor and Industry, the Industrial Board' shall have power to make, alter, amend, and repeal general rules and regula tions necessary for applying such provisions to specific conditions, and to prescribe means, methods, and practices to carry into effect and enforce such provisions." Thus the Board shall make regula tions as to safety and health and carry them into effect, or see that the remainder of the Department docs so. "Any employer, employee, or other person interested, either because of ownership in or occupation of any property affected by such order, regulation, or otherwise, may petition for a hearing on the. reasonableness of a rule or regulation." The chart indicates this enormously important duty of the Indus trial Board to make regulations and rules for the safety, health, and moral welfare of all people employed in the industries, and also that the Board may sit to review its rules and regulations when com plaints come in that they are working a hardship and are unfair.. You can readily see from a'consideration of these functions, the importance of having this Industrial Board independent of, but at, the same time, correlated with the Department of Labor and Indus- t j ' ^ i * ' rSfJlij * SSmi Organized,,Safety..S.essicm,,. * r r i r . - 'r^'W-v>i^r ii * ' 1 ',,'ITfST ' i.ry proper, which is executive in character. I brought the Iinnddus-: iA CAA$|m,' m i rial Board to your attention first, because I consider that it .i..s in 1 ite.-,,^^.jmv-i ': some regards the heart of the whole organization. f Si 'WVWliU--vO-O.WdiV--vTLDJCWjS"'''Wm'Ri'--V.ls-?. The i ]jointed give legal advice to the Department, and is also to ;( H r e c t d t h c ^ M g |^ |^ p |^ rations. Permit me to diverge a,moment to sa;jr a w o r d i c p ^ |^ |^ p ||f e J ^ ^ ing prosecutions. I had a six-page letter recenntlyv from' cmeio&tHeiSS^SliiRiSS -' ' - . - ~ ' -................... ' * ^ .... - ^j- %t,l^e 10' his employees and looks after their/welfar<:.:;0.O urg;insp^to)re.f||ig|||j||^^< found that he had in his employ two 1young.men-- over fourteen--who had not presented sch o o l'em ploym ent|S rW fi^||p|||||i||^ cates which the law demands. In this letter h e-put-theicase^lttpe <$i me very strongly, arguing that he: should not be .d is g ra c e d f^ |l^ n g |S ||? S f|p ^ ^ taken before a magistrate.- Should his p le a d in g s -'-w in v o i:| ^ |l^ 'W f p l l | l ^ be prosecuted-? On the other side of-the'picture is a poobigno>r^>t fellow down the street, who does not write a ..letter, two other boys illegally employed. H e is prosecuted at once by ^ the Attorney. If we let the first man-off are wc not now incon sistent? And will we not lose the confidence of both employers f , and employees, and our usfeulness? Then, again, here is another man, wjho is squarely crooked and intends to break the law., H e as prosecuted, of course. I draw your attention to these cases to show you how diinff-icuil,t it, is , -i ,i r 1 1 " ' x AiAfi|fsS -.if the manufacturers and at the same tim e' squarely:.enforcethei:|t law. Yet we must have this co-operation, as I said in m y .very - rst rem an r-1kf , *ifC we * > /\ are r \ * /. going ii> /-v *~t to4 * ^ kbe ofT ^vr ar i lHu1en .. Asl \ r> na police \ l rs a depart c i r t'P i O v J 1 _ '' i : v I `,1 .\t ment we are very small; as a co-operative department ;we inay^b||f very great. Though, as you see, the problem of .prosecurionrisfdiffi^jl mit, I am inclined to believe that it may be solved byf and open-minded study of intent on one side and fearless in s is ta n c e f||;f |i||||i|| that the law must be obeyed on the other side. v 'fA D A A fA f;t fl W e have considered the Industrial Board and Legal The executive organization of the Department is underT tion and supervision of the Commissioner of Labor and rn au su y , , , who makes the appointments, and consists at present of the B u r e a i t$ |D f ||;|^ i | of Inspection, Statistics and Information, and Mediation and Arid- tration; the Divisions of Hygiene and of Accident Reports ; and the Chief Clerk's Office. : '.w-HAy ~ -` -A v 1 86 .... Seccnd Safely C ong re ss .......... The Bureau of Inspection includes the Chief Inspector; fifty first grade or district inspectors; two supervising inspectors (sec ond grade) ; two physicians (third grade inspectors) ; and the fourth grade inspectors, consisting of the Chief Medical Inspector, a M e chanical Engineer, who is familiar with accident prevention, heat, light, and so forth, a Civil Engineer, who is familiar with acci dent prevention, and a Chemical Engineer who is familiar with poi sonous gases and dangers in industry of a chemical nature. These fourth grade inspectors act under the direction of the Chief Inspector, but also form, with the Chief Inspector and the Com missioner, a Division of Sanitation and Hygiene, of-which the Chief Medical Inspector is Chairman. The Bureau of Inspection proper has, as its first duty, under the direction arid supervision of the Commissioner, the enforce ment of the law. In Pennsylvania the laws relating to safety, health, and employment will be enforced as fully, as possible. It is the duty of the Bureau of Inspection to co-operate with indus tries, and all who can be of service in reducing loss of life or sick ness. Its third duty--and I am not sure whether I ought not to reverse these--the third duty is to act as an educational center, as Dr; Neile suggested. That is, the whole force of inspectors are expected to teach methods of reducing accidents and sickness in industrial work. The Division of Sanitation and Hygiene, which is closely con nected with the Bureau of Inspection, is required to make in vestigations for the'benefit of labor and industry--investigations of the Industrial Board are likely to be concerning special cases that arise, as I conceive it, but the Division of Hygiene and Sanitation takes up and carries on extended investigations to help the Bureau of Inspection in developing efficient methods;; formulates methods for accident prevention;, studies the effect of labor conditions on morals and health of employees; publishes bulletins; and brings to the people, in every way possible, useful information.- The Bureau of Statistics and Information is endeavoring to do : [ just what Dr. Neill suggests, narnely, as far as possible, to gather comparative statistics with regard to accidents, etc., tabulating and using them in such a manner as to show a poorly run establishment how a like one is more efficient and humane, and is by "its methods bringing greater profits and welfare to both the employer and em- : Organised Safety Session.... : --- - ... 87 ployees. Such activity does not in any way conflict with the work of this Council---the two organizations should, .be mutually help ful. The Bureau, of Statistics must furnish information to the Industrial Board for use in making regulations; collect and tabu late industrial statistics in the most useful-way possible; be a center of information to serve the industry--a bureau to which any one can turn for aid. The office of the Chief Clerk, handles the Department finances and performs such other duties a s .the Commissioner may rate Certain groups ox laws the Department is delegated to enforce-- not to enforce necessarily by having people fined and put in prison, although that has to be done now and then, but rather by leaching the people why they should be obeyed; thus getting them complied with in the proper spirit and contentedly. There is a group ox safety laws for properly guarding machinery ---making machinery safe. W e have fire prevention laws, the en forcement of which saves not only life, but. makes an enormous saving in property. W e have the steam boiler laws. Every person \ employing labor, except the farmers 'and those having domestic ser vants, must report all accidents to their employees at once. There I 1 are the hygienic lav/s requiring proper toilets, wash-rooms, rest rooms, seats for women, (one for every three women), and cleanli ness---conditions which will permit labor and health to go hand in hand. There are the labor laws. No child under fourteen is allowed to work for wage; those under sixteen must have school certificates; those under eighteen are not permitted to-work in hazardous in dustries, etc. This winter a law regulating the conditions and hours of woman's labor was passed. A radical new law of this character develops many difficult situations. Thus, here is a girl, living in a small hamlet, out in rural Pennsylvania. She is the night telephone operator. She works not over ten hours per day, not more than fifty-four hours a week, nor more than six days consecutively, which 1 is in accord with the law. But., by the terms of the new law, she must also have time off for lunch after six hours' labor. She has a col; in the exchange, and she sleeps most of the night; she answers during the night maybe a dozen calls, or less. It would be hardship to her to wake her up and make her take time off for her lunch, as 38 Second Safety Congress the law demands, after six hour.' continuous duty. It would be a hardship to wake another girl up, and make her dress and come into the exchange to serve an hour while the other girl was getting her lunch. It would be a hardship 'on the telephone company, to . require any such condition. I speak of this case, gentlemen, because i great many of you have been interested in drawing up women's labor laws. Some of you have something to do with creating the Pennsylvania Industrial Board, and bestowed upon it the power, with reference to accidents a.nd health, to make regulations for applying of existing laws. It would be. wise, when your State enacts child and woman labor laws, that some suitable Board should have oower to make modifications therein.' for special cases. Then the telephone girl referred to and others like her, could be relieved from unnecessary hardship without injuring the proper operation and purpose of the laws. The new woman's labor law. will be. a great benefit to Pennsylvania, but .its short life Iras shown clearly the desirability of the suggestion that it be enforced by a discretionary power. "' _ I have left the Bureau of Mediation and Arbitration to the last, as it is, in some respects., further away from the rest of the Depart ment organization than any other component part. The law creating the Department of Labor and Industry states'that there shall `be a Bureau of Mediation and Arbitration in connection therewith; the chief or a deputy shall go'to the place where there are troubles-- labor troubles--and he shall try to adjust the differences through mediation. If he fails in this he may then explain, to the people concerned in the trouble, the method o f arbitration which the lav/ establishes. This consists in the appointment of one man from each; side, who shall appoint a third, or if they fail to agree, the third man automatically becomes the representative of the Department of Labor and Industry. A fter arbitration is accepted by both p arties/ its findings.are binding. 1 b b ,:/b b // Just as soon as this Department was created, we began to get applications asking us to go to this town and that town with refer ence to labor troubles. W e are deep in such work now. W e hoped to stay out of the Mediation and Arbitration service until we got the otner branches of the Department under way, and then enter tins delicate phase of our work very gradually,'but we were forced deeply into it at the start. However, I do not believe we have * , ri ' WP, W ri - * r i ' t ,,P k i: 7% ^ ..................Organised. Safety..Session,.. 4-& -4k^ ' " ' - * ' riP Is iS " done any serious harm yet. (Laughter.)' - We have doheriop good We have settled several strikes and prevented pthers/fro materializing. The Department belief is. that/ like w ar/^hiclp said to prevent war because of the fpar of war--a logic>which\,n^^'I B i suits in terrible economic waste'--strikes ^maj, by fear, (tcattsj;p-tii(j,f{; |j ||g | manufacturer not to be oppressive, and on account of the hardship,-m may preventriabor'Trom:^iasing|ift(OT5a!/|a|wiaap^;;||^j^p||p|^^p^^^p| relics of barbarism, which our children will class among other and savage actions, and they will not be able to understand ^ |j|$ | we ever permitted them or ever used them for s e t t l i n g - c o n t i v ;versies between labor and In by-gone days when we were savages, we as individuals fought for our wives and children, we destroyed property and w d-eiitro^eds^s1' * ,f people. Later we formed into clans and did the same ''formed,',;the fighting continued on a continuously increasing'and -b/ "rip- :;;,,more;;'destructiye,: scale/P || also added the almoot unbearable burden of military maments.inD l y-*- o-tmies 'of.-peaoe.bi':Strikesiarc.ofi^etpw"i" ^ "`>5^'*';'',^ ^ ^ ^ "^ K^ ^ ization advances there are signs that :processrioDinternationaLmediatidiriMidm^ ii ; The: creation -.of interacitionmylawsriwimt^tbey .e,xec'utiv.,e and iu-d, iciahnaachri.a\ ery.yTrid-iiit--:ke^ -f ^v-T/fv i'-' tV^SSSlS!l S^ ythat strikes.-----' ------ -------` 1------- *--c- A-C-A.VA \- i U l ; J V 4 .J t - i V - ' U ; . ' i . : .'V >a .JU Thus, I have an idea that -the manufacturers' associations and the 1 S -p' ''-laboriiiinionsymay/becoma^t^^ -ri yri:'.ri :h;ri-r i- - -rib crip h:,:*ftritriiriricririri iri m Ifaf |gg |i II ly|;wipemoutyriLusemthriwords;'.fferriftc.^ 'have thribuormous'and useless ffre-':waste/iheiterri^ through unnecessary sickness and accidents, the waste"-of-ruttarmpi] resources, the waste of labor through ignorance and inefficiency, ri/| but looming very large among these is the al nost incalculable waste1" due to labor differences. These wastes can'largely be wiped out--the'latter by orderly; c i v i l | | j | | | t | | l l f I scarcely have a right to hope, while Pennsylvania's' C pm im sri^ sioner of Labor and Industry, that such a solution of labor differ-ri'- PriPrii . .. : i - -"t riririri^ ririri..- ; . riri, r. C. - " : - W.rififfl.fMiMi M(^iSJM^ fyMi i^M1'&M>MiiBS<SiS y.riri rip ., ` (^ r i ^ riririiisSiilMiSit imMiMwfflSfeimtm 9 0 ............ Second .............................. S a fety Congress-.................. - ences will be wholly consummated, but for the reason that the Legis lature and Governor placed the Bureau o Mediation and Arbitra tion in my Department, I shall do my best to forward the move. Before ending the discussion o-f this newly created Pennsylvania Executive Department, permit me to say that the speaker has gath ered together under the advice and with the. approval of Governor John K. Tcner, a number of experts to direct several divisions of the work, who, by reason of high character and expert knowledge and experience should be capable of producing-useful results. Am ong these are Lew R. Palmer, Chief Inspector; Dr. John C. Price, Chief Medical Inspector; Alfred R. Houck, Chief of the Bureau of, Sta tistics; Richard M. Pennock, Mechanical Engineer, and expert on heating and ventilation; John H. Walker, Civil Engineer and fire prevention expert; John S. Spicer, Chemist and expert In poisonous : gases; Willis I. Fleming, Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Statistics; .James A. Steese, Chief Clerk; Drs. W. H. BLakeslee and Elizabeth Drinker, Medical Inspectors; Jacob Leighter and Francis Neehan, Supervising Inspectors, and the Industrial Board, composed of (in addition to the Commissioner) James C. Cronin, representing'the employees;-Mrs. Samuel Semple, representing-the women; George X McCandless, representing tire employers, and George S. Corn- stock, an industrial expert. ' aACJC In closing permit me to say that we have found it necessary to get our inspectors, manufacturers, employees,, and others together to study the Pennsylvania law, to learn something about this -whole project of how to reduce tire enormous losses in the Commonwealth; so, almost at the inception of the Department, a conference was called at Harrisburg to be held on October 28, 29 and 30, under the auspices of tire Engineers' Society of Pennsylvania. I.presume there will then be a large gathering of people interested in the Pennsyl vania industries, both directly and indirectly. I believe it is going to be worth while, and I am authorized to invite you, not only to attend yourselves, to take part and help on this good work for humanity and for the prosperity of the: industries, but also to bring it to the attention of others. - -t"r~-C; ddjWjCAC As I said before, I. am much honored in being .with you, and I am very happy to be among so many earnest, enthusiastic men. It-, .will be a comfort to have your support and a pleasure!: to work with you. (Applause.) i i i l f e i l 11111111 =.=.i-,;=^ -'vS'g!i,;. Organised Safety Session m ^m 11 "' m m '\)S:Ail A^AJ/0^ A'V\l?JKy:y&. ,, lbc,.CtfAutMAN: ...Ur. Andrews -of. tiro,Aram i can, A^sociat^p^Ji$ r` :-X4a^>3^^Iiegrlsla tao^VJaas/; ^ has been done in relation to the betterirent oi industrial !,conditio, and we are very glad to have him here and no have front him h jk j opinion as to what this association'ought to do; Dr. A ndrew s^of$ the Airerican Association for Labor legislation. ( Applause, D1 trr. JThothtni c BR . >,-.AA nwjndtiiuewws :r<. MIWrr."::-;(P^K mf limi^wnnjii'ma nd/ t:fwnflAm nyi;t f e t P Program'JCommittee "has. asked ' m e ' to 'spe'k p m t i a ^ a d ^ a ^ B ' occupational diseases, and as my tim e is limited to five m in u te s /'itv wil! be possible for 'rae'm erdy',:to " 'su ^ esf!a ^ ie w ^ F 'r a e ^ w ^ r l^ r f " portant phases o f the subject. mi /yy'l'Vy.yy.y-c/y'-jkv mmm m ^r- ; ry:,;.. -":>; '. ' 'V .-V . V ' ,T f ,'%, V; - t. / U `V-;- : . ; W i V T\- 'W ^ . i ''J f:'., , .... , /w " Popular interest in industrial accidents is largely a .development" of the past' five years. During that time national conferepcisK have been held, safety committees have been organized,, facfojj ........ inspection departmen is have been re-iorraed...workm en'srcpmperi- J sation laws have been passed by twenty-two states and by the Feel-' -/ ,,h; p y eral govern m ent.. All. o f ..thii..within...the.last five years.,...!..WiblnwveL.fu'<' OS rapidly In America when once-under-way.- (j'&iik M'J,'^SS3 A little later, but .ilso remarkable in its development, therUen-N,JtlTi'aa: ~r- igro_wn _ tip a som ewhat _ ... .1.. _ J V ' . sim ilar` interest -* A " ' t in o"c'c uVp>,a tiorMl'' diseasesW, Mation al conferences, state commissions, and legislativ-e campaign'' rave called attention to occupational diseases, as to a new prpblenu'J Investigations have made familiar to all o f us such typical'padIV v maladies as lead colic, the brass founders' ague, the match w orker/h : M ! : These are merely suggestive. W e now know that practically**!r eveiy calling contributes it ow n sperial malady to the long' lint1 > kiJpB of work diseases. A nd w e all recognize the appalling loss o f humaia '' ^ J |y |fc ufe due to that most common of all industrial c iseases, tuberculosis.^ In discussing accidents in coal mines before your safety congress last ycj r in M ilwaukee, Dr. H olm es con. pAs ined that it is tljie i m1 f 4-. occasional mine explosion that receives attention, while jhe steady! /rirl" daily toll o f accidental injur)' and death-- many lim es as iin p o rt^ J f^ i^ anf in the year's total-- is scarcely recognizeit S o it ,is wrdi';mdu!Srl' ,J' tria.1 i f J B e c a - a s e .mo r e .easily recoCTizal...'ffie,..stri^^ ^ f f l | ^ l ieolations of occupational disease are first to receivehpopuj attim tionj ;But. these: .spectacular effects,.axe.;.trivial'..ccmp!tra^1i 0 ^ ^ the gradual low ering o f natality caused by die daily brekthing -11'^'" u impur<; air and by continual over-strain. if lfe g iS S iM t* 92 Second Safety Congress The principal health risks in industry are classified according to their nature as: (.1) Specific industrial dusts, fumes, gases,, vapors and ac.ids (poisonous and non-poisonous) ; ( 2 ) H a rm fu l bacteria and micro-organisms; (3) Compressed or ratified atmos pheres; (4) Improper lighting; (5) Extremes of temperature; and (6) Excessive strain. If we consider merely those diseases due to industrial poisons, we find already published by the Federal Bureau of Labor a carefully analyzed list of fifty-five, one of which alone (lead) is in daily use in more than 150 trades. The first state medical inspection of fac tories in Illinois resulted, in the removal from a single establishment of sixty workmen who had become "`leaded." The Federal Bureau of Labor reports upon a white lead factory employing only 170 men, but recording sixty cases of plumbiam during the year. Under a special appropriation of the Ohio Legislature the Board of Health in that state is now making a survey of occupational diseases. Dr. Hayhurst announces that of eighty-two women tele phone and telegraph operators who died in Ohio in 1911, fortythree per cent died from tuberculosis at the average age of only 28.8 years. German sickness society records for a period of eighteen years show that while barbers have a rate of only 365 days of sickness per hundred members per year, iron founders and machinists pre sent an experience of 1,189 days of sickness per hundred members per year; polishers and metal grinders 1,215 days, and iron and steel mill workers 1,256 days. Conservative authorities have estimated that from sickness alone among our industrially-employed in the United States, our mere money loss each year is nearly three-quarters of. a billion dollars. These experts further declare that with our present scientific knowledge, at least one-fourth of this annual economic loss (ap proximately $200,000,000) can be prevented. You remember with what .conscious, pride we recently hailed the statement that owing to the efforts of science the average life of the individual is being prolonged. But our authorities on vital statistes now tells us that: while it is true that: infant mortality is being reduced, while it is true that: scientists are now dealing more successfully w,it'h those diseases which formerly carried oft the young, that nevertheless the mortality among men of middle age Organised Safety Session 93 and older, is actually increasing. The death rate of the group from 45-54 years of age increased L9 per cent, and the group from 55-64 years increased 6.92 per cent during the decade 1900-1910. This same tendency is recorded in the reports of the United States census. Obviously something is wrong, and there is reason to her lieve that the principal cause of this sacrifice of human life is the condition under which men work. There, in that group, ate o u r skilled workers, experienced at tire trade, capable of producing ats high speed-- for a time. But: under the stress of their work they are failing to keep the pace. We hear much about neurasthenia among society leaders, and the increasing pilgrimage to "take the waters" at Karlsbad and Baden Baden. But those victims of fast living--of the highball and tire joy ride--are as dust in <the balance compared with the worn-out and diseased in the great host of industrial workers. These obscure ones--the unnumbered thousands who weaken and die yearly be cause of unsanitary conditions of -employment and strain of over work--are much more worthy of national attention. Industrial accidents are now happily receiving careful study. Accidents which are -preventable, will be prevented. Economic interest and public sentiment both demand it. And the injured workman will be compensated finally by a system of insurance that will insure for the injured workmen instead of against him, Bui I wish to urge you to consider a problem, less appreciated at present, but even more important to the efficiency of the worker and;tosociety as a whole--the problem of safeguarding the workers against unhealthful conditions of employment. This work should be seriously undertaken: by employers and workmen, in their own establishments. Committees on sanitation should be formed. Sickness benefit systems should be. established. The fullest co-operation should be given to factory inspectors in order that the establishment of the backward and short-sighted em ployer may be brought up to the standard fixed fo r that industry. Well-meaning manufacturers have sometimes protested that leghi- ' lation for the protection of labor has been over-done..; But such legislation has not been over-done. On the contrary, the trouble has been that much legislation in the past was drafted without in telligent co-operation, and as a result it frequently wasimdcr-dor.c 94 Second Safety Congress --the consequence of "half-baked" proposals. In recent years more attention is given to the proper drafting of legislation, and the co operation of all interested, groups is invited. . It is fortunate: that the average intelligent, thoughtful American employer believes in keeping; a little in advance of remedial legis lation. But we ail know that as long as the less progressive em ployer exists to pull back and oppose every movement for the pro motion of the comfort, safety, health and industrial efficiency of the workers, we must expect as a matter of decency and humanity to use the strong arm of the government. Gradually, and surely, but almost vrithout realizing it, we have passed within the last few years into a new period of American his tory. Recent court decisions clearly indicate that protective labor legislation will.be sustained as a legitimate exercise of the police power when it is made apparent that conditions justify such in terference on the grounds of health. Only through careful study and intelligent co-operation can we secure information which will finally enable us to establish scientific standards. While Such researches are under way, we should remember that ck (I) all preventable occupational diseases must be prevented; (2) those occupational diseases which wc do not yet know how to prevent must be reduced to a minimum; and finally (3) the victims of occupational disease as well as those injured by industrial acci- cents, must be. compensated for their injuries by some just system of insurance. (Applause:.) The Ch a i r m a n : W e-w ould like to hear briefly from Mr. Jasper Yeates Brinton, Assistant United States Attorney, Philadel phia, and President of tire Pennsylvania Child Labor Association. (Applause.) Mr. J asper Y eates Bkinton: Mr. Chairman, Ladies ancl GenLernen: I must protest against the too generous tribute of that always generous man, Mr. Jackson, in describing my services in the creation of our new Department of Labor iin Pennsylvania. When our governor invited me, as President of the Pennsylvania Child Labor Association, to submit a draft of a bill to create a de~