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12 CHAPTER 2 1957 Guide Abbreviations, Symbols, Conversion Factors 13 Direct-current (as adjective)...................................................................................... d-c Electromotive Force.................................................................................................... emf Feet per minute...........................................................................................................fpm Feet per second............................................................................................................. fps Foot................................................ ft Foot-pound.........V.....................................................................................................ft-lb Foot-pound-second (ByBtem)..................................................................................... fps Freezing point................................'............................................................................... fp Gallon............................................................... .............................................................gal Gallons per minute..................................................................................................... gpm Gallons per second....................................................................................................... gps Gram.................................................................................................................................. g Gram-calorie................................................................................................................... g-calx Horsepower..................................................................................................................... hp Horsepower-hour.......................................................................................................hp-hr Hour................................................................................................................................. hr Inch............... ............................................................................................ .............. . in. Inch-pound.................................................................................................................in.-lb Indicated horsepower............................................................................................. .. .ihp Indicated horsepower-hour................................................................................... ihp-hr Kilogram....................................................................... Kilowatt......................................................................................................................... kw Kilowatt-hour...................................................................................... kwhr Mass.............................................................................................:............................. mass Melting point................................................................................................................ mp Meter.......................................................................................................................... Micron.................................................................................................................... 1* (mu) Miles per hour........................................................................................................... mph Millimeter.................................................................................................................. mm Minute........................................................................................................................min m found necessary in the individual________________________________________________.V.V.S.S cuuhwaypvtevsrsu wiriiull bei/v, 1foUuUnUdU Ainll aCk HliOsUt tattt tILhIeC Ce1n1dU of Chapters 3,4, and 13. Acceleration, due to gravity........................................................................................... g Acceleration, linear.................................................................. o Area.!..............................................................#............................................................... A Change in specific volume during vaporization..........................................................ujg 'Density, Weight per unit volume. Specific weight.....................................d orp (rho) v Distance, linear....................................................................... :......................................a Dry saturated vapor, Dry saturated gas at saturation pressure and temperature, vapor in contact with liquid.................................................................. Subscript g Efficiency................................................................................................ .................... Elevation above some datum...................................................................... ........... Emissivity.................................................................................................................... Energy in general; work, total; work, molal........................................................... . .i) *,Z ... ..E Entropy. (The capital should be used for any weight, and the small letter fox unit weight).......................................................... .......................................... S or 8 Force, total load......................................................................... .................................. F Gas Constant, in equation pV = nRT........................................................................ R Head........................................................................................................................ H or h Heat content, kTgotal heat, Enthalpy. (The capital should be used for any weight and the small letter for unit weight)............................................... For A Heat content of saturated liquid, Total heat of saturated liquid, Enthalpy of saturated liquid, sometimes called heat of the liquid........................................ hi Heat^ content of dry saturated vapor. Total heat of dry saturated vapor; En thalpy of dry saturated vapor............................................................................... hi Heat of vaporization at constant pressure........................................................ L or hti Hydraulic radius........... ................................. :.................................................. ;----- Rb Internal energy, Intrinsic energy. (The capital should be used for any weight and the small letter for unit weight)............................................................U or u Length of path of heat flow, thickness......................................................................... L Molecular weight.................................................................................................. mol wt Mol.................................................................................................................................mol Ounce.................... i........................................................................................................ os Pound............................................................................................................................... lb Pounds per square inch................................................................................................ psi Load, total.............................................. W Mechanical efficiency...................................................................................................... 6m Mechanical equivalent of heat....................................................................................... J Power, Horsepower, Work per unit time...................................................................... P Pressure, Absolute pressure, Gage pressure, Force per unit area............................. p Pounds per square inch, gage....................................................................................psig Pounds per square inch, absolute............................................................................. psia Revolutions per minute............................................................. Revolutions per second.................................................................................. Second............................................................................................................................ sec Quantity (total) of fluid, water, gas, heat; Quantity by volume; Total quantity of heat transferred....................................................... Q Quarlpitmy of steam, Pounds of dry steam per pound of mixture.................................. z rps Reynolds Number........................................................................ . .....................N&t Saturated liquid at saturation pressure and temperature, Liquid in contact with Specific gravity.........................................................................................................sp gr Specific heat.......................................................... ....................................................sp fit vapor..........................................................................................................Subscript f .Specific heat........................ c Square foot............................................................................................................... sq ft Square inch...............................................................................................................sq in. Watt..........................................................'......................................................................w Watthour.................................................................................................................. whr Specific heat at constant pressure................................................................................. Cp Specific heat at constant volume...................................................................................c* Specific volume, Volume per unit weight, Volume per unit mass............ ................ v Temperature (ordinary) F or C. (Theta is used preferably only when t is used for Time in the same discussion).........................................................t or 0 (theta) SYMBOLS A letter symbol is a single character, with subscript or superscript if Temperature (absolute) F abs or K. (Capital theta is used preferably only when amol! _____j c_________j:________-- _1 --* \ ^ ^ (-------- utecu `V1 W5mpeia.tuie,.................................... x ui <7 u*eiuj erinal conductance:4 heat transferred per (unit time) (degree)........................... C required, used to designate a physical magnitude in mathematical equa tions and expressions. Two or more symbols together always represent a product. The following have been compiled from a selected list of approved 1_ hA __ q R 1/ ti -- if standards.5 Additional symbols and variations in the standard symbols Letter Symbols for Mechanics of Solid Bodies, Z10.S-1948, and Letter Symbols for Heat and Thermodynamics, Z10.4-1943 (American Standard* Association). Terms ending ivity designate properties independent of size or shape, sometimes called specific proper, ^kamples: conductivity, resistivity. Terms ending ance designate quantities depending not only n the material, but also upon size and shape, sometimes called total quantities. Examples: conductance, transmittance. Terms ending ion designate rate of heat transfer. Examples: conduction, transmission.