Document rxa8d2nqa1Xr0qmO47B6y1yKe

16 OCCUPATIONAL TUMORS AND ALLIED DISEASES Since that time a great many new types of industrial neoplasms have been placed on record. In 1902, the first case of roentgen-carcinoma of the skin was recorded by Frieben and Albers-Schonberg. The presence of a causal inter relation between vesical Bilharziasis and bladder carcinoma was noted by Ferguson in 1911. In the same year von Jagic, Schwarz, and von Siebenrock reported the first cases of leukemia attributable to chronic exposure to roent gen-rays. The last addition to this list before the World War was made by Rambousek in 1913, who observed the occurrence of cutaneous malignancies among workers handling crude anthracene oil. Following this event Leitch and Sequeira described, in 1920, the first case of cutaneous malignancy caused by an occupational exposure to radioactive substances. Two years later, Southam and Wilson added the occupational carcinomas of the skin occurring in mule spinners in England resulting from the contact with certain lubricating oils. In 1924, Cookson placed creosote upon the list of occupational carcinogenic agents responsible for the develop ment of epitheliomas of the skin. The occurrence of leukemia referable to the chronic occupational exposure to benzol was noted by Delore and Bergamo in 1928. During the following year, Lowy finally succeeded in placing the centuries old pulmonary diseases prevalent among the uranium miners of Joachimsthal among the occupational malignancies, while Martland added, in 1931, osteogenic sarcomas to the list of malignant neoplasms caused by an occupational exposure to radioactive substances. Alwens called attention to the high frequency of pulmonary cancer in chromate workers in 1932, while Bridge and Stephens recorded cancers of the nasal passages and of the lung among the workers employed in certain nickel refineries. The occurrence of pulmonary carcinomas among the employees of plants and laboratories han dling radioactive substances was noted by Neitzel in 1935. During the follow ing year, Kawahata described the high incidence of pulmonary malignancies among workers of generator plants who were exposed to the inhalation of hot tar fumes. After Wood and Gloyne (1934) as well as Lynch and Smith (1935) had reported the occurrence of pulmonary cancer in workers of asbestos plants, Horning, in 1938, claimed, when noting several new cases, of this type, that causal relations exist between pulmonary asbestosis and the subsequent development of malignancy of the lung. This chronological enumeration of the various occupational cancers, accord ing to the different etiological factors and sites, reflects clearly the recent marked increase in the incidence of these industrial disorders. This fact is brought out still more strikingly by the continuous spread of these neoplastic diseases among the workers of an increasing number of different industries producing, using, or handling known carcinogenic occupational agents, and among the workers of such industrial establishments in different countries to the degree in which they participated in the modern industrial development. The marked expansion of occupational contact with carcinogenic agents