Document rxVkOQkerdQa6kqeE99XpdeVE

[rr ---- CoG KENTUERY $101.4704 ite sq pp TAFT, STETTINIUS & HOLLISTER LLP 425 WALNUT STREET, SUITE 1800 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45202-3957 FAsXr5a1a5e3n0a1s0n205 `wwwtaftlaw. com ARRRG 1216 anes amoornc PE Sissi re es oi Fem Rosgleorenm@ri6Aa7t..aB9wL6co%oTmT February 3, 2003 8EZ on = 38 TELECOPY AND CERTIFIED MAIL 7002 0860 0006 6119 4507 Dr. Charles M. Auer 7002 086000066119 4514 Oscar Hemandez. Zz z = 558 a Chemical Control Division Director, Risk Assessment Division Officeof Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1201 Constitution Avenue, N.W. 1201 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Mail Code 7405M Mail Code 7405M Washington, DC 20004 `Washington, DC 20004 7002 0860 0006 6119 4521 Jennifer Seed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 410M Street, S.W. `Washington, DC 20460 7002 0860 0006 6119 4552 John Wheeler, Ph.D. (3WC11) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 7002 0860 0006 6119 4545 Christopher Jones, Esq. Director Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 122 South Front Street Columbus, OH 43215 7002 0860 0006 6119 4583 `Thomas V. Skinner URSeSg.ioEnnavliArdomnimneinsttarlatPorrotection Agency 77 West Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604 7002 0860 0006 6119 4576 Donald S. Welsh Regional Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region III 1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 Re: PNoFtOifAiJcAatPiFoOn/OCf-H8uImnaWnesHteaVlitrhgiTnhiraeaAtnAdriOshiinog From Releases Of CATA Meaieow (TTy a ry ! z February 3, 2003 Page 2 Ladies and Gentlemen: Our law firm serves as class counsel for all persons whose drinking wateris or has been contaminated with ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA/APFO/C-8) attributable to releases from EI. duPont de Nemours and Company's ("DuPont's") Washington Works Plant in Wood County, West Virginia. Based upon data collected to date by both DuPont and the State of West Virginia's Department for Environmental Protection ("WVDEP"), we understand that there are currently tens of thousands of individuals living in both Ohio and West Virginia whose drinking water is contaminated with C-8 from DuPont's Washington Works Plant. We write on behalf of that Class to bring to your attention what we believe may be an imminent and substantial threat 10 the healthofthe Class members arising from their past, current, and on-going exposure to such C-8 in their air, drinking water, and possibly other media. `We understand that USEPA requested in September of 2002 a priority reviewofthe `human health risks associated with C-8 exposure, after reviewing the results of recent C- toxicology studies and human blood data from industry. More specifically, we understand that, upon reviewofblood sampling data indicating the presence of PFOA in bloodofthe general USS. population at an average levelofapproximately 3 parts per billion and the results ofa `6-month primate study and 2-generation rat reproduction study recently completed by industry, USEPA concluded that "toxicological studies in rodents and primates have shown that exposure to PFOA can result in a varietyofeffects including developmental/reproductive toxicity, liver toxicity and cancer," that "blood monitoring data suggested widespread exposure to the general population, albeit at low levels," and that "human blood monitoring data, coupled with what is currently understood about the hazards of PFOA is sufficient from EPA's perspective to generate concern about potential PFOA risks." In response, USEPA's OPPT ordered a "priority review ... 10 determine the significanceof the risks presented by PFOA and its salts" because of the "possibility that PFOA might meet the criteria for action under Section 4(f) ofthe Toxic. Substances Control Act." (ld) Section 4(f)of TSCA is the section that authorizes USEPA to undertake a risk review when the Agency receives information "which indicates... that there may be a reasonable basis to conclude that a chemical or substance or mixture presents or will present a significant risk of serious or widespread harm to human beings from cancer, gene mutations, or birth defects." 15 U.S.C. 2603(f). In addition, we understand that the Science Advisory Board is to perform a peer reviewof a draft risk assessment for PFOA prepared but not yet released by USEPA. Thus, we understand that USEPA's interpretationofthe existing human `exposure and toxicological data for PFOA was sufficient to raise concerns with respect to the potential health risks posed to the general U.S. population that may have PFOA in their blood at an average levelofapproximately 3 partsperbillion. With these health risk issues in mind, we believe that we have a responsibility to bring to `your attention information we reviewed from DuPont relating to the level of PFOA exposure in the communities surrounding DuPont's Washington Works Plant that, according to DuPont's 2 February 3, 2003 Page 3 data, may be approximately a thousand times higher than the general population exposure levels that initially triggered USEPA's concerns. More specifically, we understand that DuPont performed internal PFOA Kineties/pharmicokinetics research that resulted in the development ofa model during the `Summer of 2000 to relate C-8 exposure levels to human blood levels. (See Exhibit A (DuPont Abstract # 19) DuPont continued working with that data to generate by Octoberof 2001,a draft, simple "compartmental model" to relate C-8 exposures through air and drinking water to estimatesofperfluorooctancate (PFO) concentrations in human blood. (See Exhibit B) The creation of that model enabled DuPont to develop a table from which estimated PFO levels in human blood can be determined from known C-8 exposure levels in air and drinking water. (See id. (Table 1)) `Sampling and modeling performed to date by both DuPont and WVDEP confirm levels of C-8over 4 ppb in the drinking water provided to at least oneof the communities (with approximately 12,000 water customers) adjacent to DuPont's Washington Works Plant, and confirm annual average levels of C-8 in community air (based on DuPont's Year 2000 emissions) as high as 1 ug/m3. (Exhibits C and D) The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency recently confirmed that its own air modeling and analysis revealed predicted eight-hour ambient concentrationof C-8 "well above the ACGIH health based work place standard [of 10 ug/m3] at multiple receptors in Ohio" that "raiseour levelofconcern with regards to short term exposures to workers and sensitive populations." (Exhibit E) According to DuPont's PFOA blood model and related exposure table, such exposure levels would be expected to result in concentrations of PFO in the bloodofthose exposed at several thousand parts per billion. In fact, we understand that, according to DuPont's own PFOA blood model, someofthe communities receiving the highest levels ofC-8 intheirdrinking water and air would be expected to have levels ofC-8 in their blood in concentrations that are approximately double the average levels of C-8 found in the DuPont employees working directly with C-8 at the Washington Works Plant (reported by DuPont to be an average of 1530 ppb in 2000). (See Exhibit F) As indicated in the attached report from David Gray, Ph.D.,ofSciences International, such levels of exposure are of particular concern, given that the C- exposure in these communities is estimated by DuPont's model to result in C-8 blood concentrations well above the C-8 blood levels that caused renal and developmental toxicity in female rats. (See Exhibit I) Moreover, these affected local Asadefendant ina class action lawsuit pending against DuPont in a West Virginia State Court, DuPont has the right to mark documents produced in that case as "confidential" under the terms oaf Stipulated Protective Order that allows parties to limit distributionof documents, if they qualify as documents for which "confidential business information" (CBI), protection would be available under, among other provisions, 40 C.F.R. Part 2, Subpart B. DuPont did not mark the attached documents from its files as "confidential" under the termsofthe Stipulated Protective Order. February 3, 2003 Page 4 communities include numerous sensitive sub-populations, such as the elderly, pregnant women, and infants that are not found among the DuPont "healthy," predominantly adult male workers. To put this exposure data into perspective, it should be noted that, as far back as 1987, DuPont told its own employees at the Washington Works plant that an "acceptable level" of C-8 in blood was 500 ppb and that employees with more than 50%ofthis "acceptable level" (250 ppb) should be removed from further exposure. (See Exhibits G and H) Although DuPont's than 8-16 times higher than DuPont's 250 ppb "acceptable" level, we are unawareof any steps having been taken by DuPont to remove any members of the community from their exposure to the Washington Work's ongoing C-8 emissions. Moreover, although DuPont's Washington `Works employees exposed to C-8 are provided special personal protective equipment, bottled `water at the Plant, and routine medical surveillance, DuPont does not provide such benefits to the `communities surrounding its Washington Works Plant. In addition, DuPont continues to discharge C-8 into the environment from its Washington Works Plant. As of today's date, we are unaware of any steps having been taken by WVDEP to even acknowledge excessive exposures among the local communities, let alone address such exposures. In summary, DuPont's own modeling data, including kinetic models prepared by DuPont several years ago, indicate that residents living in the communities surrounding DuPont's Washington Works Plant in Wood County, West Virginia have been and are continuing to be exposed to levels of PFOA that are possibly a thousand times higher than the low levels of exposure among the general U.S. population that triggered USEPA's recent "priority" review of the human health risks associated with such exposures. There is no indication that WVDEP intends to address this issue. We request, therefore, that USEPA and Ohio EPA take those steps. necessary to respond to this situation and that ATSDR consider the exposure ofthe specific communities actually impacted by DuPont's C-8 emissions (as opposed to broad County-wide statistics) in connection with any investigation of the impact of C-8 exposures in the `communities surrounding DuPont's Washington Works Plant. Thank you. ur Xobert A. Bilott RAB/mdm Enclosures (Exhibits A-I) ce: R. Edison Hill, Esq. (W/o encls.) Larry A. Winter, Esq. (W/o encls.) Gerald J. Rapien, Esq. (w/o encls.) Lillian Pinzon, Esq. (USEPA, Region 5) (w/ encls.) Janet Sharke, Esq. (USEPA, Region 3) (w/ encls.) Mary Dominiak, (USEPA, OPPT) (for inclusion in AR-226) (w/ encls.) Michael Baker (Ohio EPA, DDAGW) (w/ encls.) From. Paul M Hinderter on08292100-170A0M To GaryWJepsor/AEIDuPoni@DuPent Subject Hinderiter SOT 2001 ct Jepson SOT 2001 co Ears DACEIVDE(PLFOOAP)MKEINNOEFTTICASB.IOPLMOGHIiCnAdLeLrY,BaAnSdEGDWMOJeDpsEoLn, THOaskDeEllSCLaRbIorEaEtoPryE,RDFuLPoUnOtR, ONeOwCaTrkA,NDOEIC PQueersftliuoonrsooacbtoauntcgieanecrdalislauolruoorrgoaonrigcansiucrfsaucrtfaancttbainotdvisetdribiuttihoen parnoddpuecrtsiiosntoefncaevhaarvieetbyoeefnlgueonreorpaotleydme2r5s3. osrudletr10obfeattreecrenutnddeercsitsainodn (t0herbeimoodvisetraibwuitdieolnyaunsdedbifolpoerrososrigeannciecpoatebntriarleoafuPmeFnOtAfrionmhutmheanmsar,kae.tplace. In bmioodleoglic(aPlBlyPKb)asuesdinkginAetdivca(nBceBdK)CohnutmiannuomuosdSeilmuwlaastidoenveLlaonpgedu.ageA (phAyCsSiLol)ogwiacsalflirys-tbdaesveedlpohpaerdmaancdo.kinetic avnadliodraatledrouusitnsgoafveaxipaobsluerre woereadinndcelpurndimeadttien tdhatemaodTheils mstohdeesl wraosuttheesnacscocuanlteuopdrn0eahrluymaanlshBuomatnhdermal eKixdpnoesyu,rean0dPsFkiOnAa.s weTlhlearesgeunleirnaglBdesKcrmioptdieolnsffororPcFoOmpAahratmdeenxtpsliwciittdheksicnreitpitciaollnysosfimiilvaerr,beghuatv,iolru.ng, ft Bpriontdiinnsg. eqTuhateiornessuwlienrg imnocdleuldseudcctoesascfcuolulnytdeosrcrtihebeidtethreatpilonabseatnwedetnisPuFeOkAinaetnidcstiosfuPeFaOndApilnaasiisa ePxFpOosAedblvoaoddraepteaadteemdoonrsatlrdaotsiendg.theAdldiittiyoonaflltyh,e cBoBmKpamroidseoln oin ahsuemssainomgotdheelbseimuhlaatoivofniPsFwoOiArh hiunmhaumnans. exposed 10 PFOA. E0zrrs0 ' COMPARISON OF PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID (PFOA) AND PERFLUOROOCTANYL. SDOUSLIFNOGN.ATGEW(PJeFpOsSo)n,BPLOMOHDindKeIrlNiEteTrI,CJSStIaNdlRerA,TCSFiFnOlaLy,LOHWasIkNelGl RLaEbPorEaAtoTrEy,DDOuPRoAntL, Newark, DE Perfluorooctanoic acid is a fluoroorganic surfactant that has been used for decades to produce a variety of fluoropolymers. Considerable focus has been placed on determining the biopersistence potential PFOA because ofa recent decision to remove another fluoroorganic bcioomppeorusinsdt,enpceerpfoltueonrtoioaclotafnyPlFsOulAfonaantde,PFfrOoSm,thmealmearrkaettsplwaecree. doIsnedorodnecretopecromdapyarfeorth1e0 days and followed for 94 days. Blood was drawn and analyzed for total fluoride on days 1, 5, 10, 13, 24, 52.and 94. Noncompartmental analysisofthe blood data was conducted using a WinNonlin `Kimnaetthiecmsataiscdaeltseorfmtiwnaerde bpyacpkeaagek.blTohoedrceowncaesntcroantsiiodnesraabnlde tdoitfalfeerxepncoesuirnePaFsOdAetearnmdiPneFdObSybalroeoad under the curve (AUC) for doses normalized t0 0.1 mmoles/Kg body weight. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in blood was S18 and 990 uM equivalents for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. The PFOS AUC in blood was 8 times higher than the PFOA AUC in blood at a normalized doseof0.1 mmoles/Kg and the termina half-life in blood was 40.5 days for PFOS as compared to 8.3 days for PFOA. While PFOA and PFOS are both fluoroorganic materials, comparison of PFOA and PFOS blood kinetics following repeated oral dosing illustrates that cPoFncOeAntarnatdiPonFsOiSn tahree bklinoeotdicaanldlypdeirfsfiesrtesnitinnttheheblroato.d lIonngteher tmhaalnedroate,sPPFFOOSA.attains higher earns g A Simple, Conservative Compartmental Model to Relate Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (APFO) Exposure to Estimates of Perfluorooctanoate (PFO) Blood Levels in Humans Paul M. Hinderliter, Ph.D. Gary W. Jepson, Ph.D. Biochemical Toxicology DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Health and Environmental Sciences 10 October, 2001 DRAFT _. 10 Page 0010 eptess ar004797 Abstract Apersfilmupolreooacnidancooantseer(vAaPtiFvOe)ceoxmppoasrutrmeesntoalesmtoidmeatleswaosf pdeervfelluoopreodocttoanreolaattee(aPmFmOo)nium icnocnlcuednetrmaetciohnasniinsihcumoranphbylsoioodl.ogiTchael mdeosdcerilptwiaosnsb.asFeudrtohnerk,itnheetimcopdreinlciwpalses,nbotutiinttedniddednotto prehpylsaicoelotghiecanleeddesfcorripmtoiornes.roTbhuestmmooddeellisntchlautdeidnczleurdoe-omredcehranmiastthiecmaatnidcaaplprdeospcrriiaptteions of otrhaelvaonldumienhsoafladtaioinlyinwpauttearncdoansfuismtptoirodneraenldimaiirnabtrieoanthdeesdcrwieprtieonu.sedSttaonrdealradteedsatiilmyatienstaokfe oufnAdPeF&rOvatroiectoyncoefnetxrpatoisounrse ocfonAdPitFiOonsinaanidruasneddd(n0nkcrienagtewaatetra.bleTrheelamtoindgelAPwFasO eixnetrackiesveida d`mroidneklinpgrowvaitdeer adnedc/iosrioani-rmtaokPerFsOwibtlhooadnceoanscielnytraaptpiloinesd.tToohletsoirmepllaitceiAtyPaFnOd euxiplotsyuorfesthtios estimates of resulting PFO concentrations in human blood. oRAFT Page 20110 Entess00 n GK004798 Introduction A simple compartmental model was developed and usedto estimate the concentration of cppeeorrnffslleuoqoruroeoonoccctteaananonoaaalttyeesi((sAPaPFFnOOd))p.ilnaTbnlhnoieonmdgofadocelulliowtpirenesgseainnnthdeadilaitnioiotnntioenrntdeiennddgeetsdotticooonbmopeflaeasmmuebmnsottintviuatureimofuosar rliombiutsatt,imonescohfatnhiesmmobdaesle,dipth5ysiimoploorgtiacnatl omodcealr,efuIltloyrcdoenrsi0derreatlhiezeasbsotuhmptthieosntsraenngdthcsavaenadts selevant to the model development and pplication Approach Model Development: "cTohmepmaordtemlendtevdeeflionpeedd afsorthtehibslaopopdliccoatmipoanrtwmaesnt tawnod-cthoempoathretrmeasntthoepbeondmyocdoemlpwairtmheonnte.: W10hionlleytohenemcoodmepasrtcmoennstsu(cbileooddacs oamtpwoa-rciommpeanir)ntmoerndtermodeplr,ovtirdanesfaecroonfsePrFvaOtiivseconfined `rfeiesrdtsuitcm-aeotrsede10or.2feoPlniFemO-in<caotominpocneanrpttrromacteeisnost.nsopiInnenboltmohoeodrdewfloorlwdlisot,whiPtnwFgoOAzPiesFrcoOo-noefrxidpneoersd-uironetp.huFepunrbcoltcoieoosdnsaelslya,ndthoisne cPoFmOpairnttomeonttherabnodthyetPisFsuOesc.onIcneonrtdrearti1o0ncoinntbrlioboudtecoannhoet cboensreerdvuacteidvebyestthiemadtiestsrpibruotdiuonceodf rebsyisthtiasncmeoadnedl iasnaysAsPumFeOd tohbateicsoimnpgleestteedlyoranidnhailnestdanistlnyotabssuobrjebcetd0iidoiftfhuesibolnoaold cexocmrpeatritomne.ntI.n tShiisncmeodPeFlOtihsenloitmimnetaatbioolnizisedd,eseclriimbiendaatioan fpsoemudtohefibsltooorddiervpiraocreesnsa.l A Schemaiic of the model is shown in Figure 1. Kourno Blood xem Figare 1. Schematic ofPFO Comparomenal Model. In Figure |. KACC isthe distribution coefficientfor tranosffPeFOrbetweenthe blood and body compartments. It has the unioftdasy", butas discussed earlier, it isset to zero DRAFT Page 3of 10 -- corssan 12 K004799 diensocrrdiebretPoFcrOeaitnepuatcionntsoertvhealbilvoeodonceo-mcpoamrptamretnmten(tugm/oddaeyl).viKaUthPeOorai larozuetre.o-oKrUdePrltiesram to 2inehraol-aotridoentrtoeutrem. toKdEeLscIrMibeisPaFpOseiundpuotfiirnsot-tohredebrleoloidmicnoamtipoanrtcomeefnftic(iuegn/td(ayd)ayvi)atthnaet rtdeescerqiubaetsiroenmsovwaelreofdePvFeOlofpreodmftrhoembtlhoeosdcchoemmpatairctmiennFtigvuiraereLnaalndextchreeteiqouna.tiDoinfsfewreernetial smoaltvheedmautsiicnaglAedqvuaanticoendsCuosnetditnouodeusscSriibmeultahteicoonncLeanntgruaatgioen(oAfCPSFL,O Aincgtihs Cbolropo)d. The compartment (CBLOOD) are shown in the series of equations below. 242 KUPO + KUPI -KELIM * CBLOOD*VOL -RAF dAB = (KUPO + KUPI ~ KELIM *CBL *VOOL~ORAFDit @ * [(4dAB =" (KUPO + KUPI - KELIM * CBLOOD*VOL - RAF: ) B= (KU+PKUOPI - KELIM * CBLOOD*VOL ~RAFYt @ BLOOD =ABIVOL tIhnethveolequumaeti(omnls)oafbtovhe,bAloBodisctohmepaamrotumnentt(uagn)doRfAPFFO(gi/ndbalyo)oidst,thisetriameeo(fdPayFsO), VOL is AmoCvSeLmecnotdibnegotwfetehnetahbeobvleooedquaantdiobnosdiys cgiovmepnaritmmmeendtisat(elRyAbFe=loiwnatnhidsimnodAeplp)e.ndixThIe. The corresponding ACSL command file is provided in Appendix 2. RCBAL=OKOUDP=OI+NTKEUGP(IR-AK0E.LVOILM.*CBLOVOODL*- RAF a Model Input Assumptions/Deseriptions: 2B5lo0o-dKgCohmupmaarnt(maevnertagVeolhuummea:nTfheemablleowoedivgohl)u.meThoef 3f.e5maLluesweediightthweamsosdeellecwtaedsttohat of mfuancitniotnaotifhnebocodnyswereviagthitve50aplaprrgoearcbhoddeysiwreeidgfhotrstwhiilslmeoqduealt.e tOobvliaorguesrlyb,loboldoovdolvuomleusm.ePisFaO cwoenicgehnttsraitnicorneassien blood will therefore decrease fora given APFO exposure as body Evalliumeionfatio0n.00R1a9/tdeayC.onTshtiasnwt:asThdeereilviemdianastsiuomninragtea cPoFnsOtahnatl,f-KliEfLe I(M1,)wianshuasmsaingsneodfa365 dplaaycseadnid tthhea2f0i0rs-3o0r0dedrakyinreatnigces,atphpely3.65W-hdialyehcaulr-riefnet ihsuamcaonnshearlfv-altiifveeesvtailmuaeteosrairneitial mbeotdweelecnontdhiethiaolnfs-.lifTehaenadtcthuealelviamliuneatfoironKrEaLeIcMonwstaasntdewrhieverde ufsiirnsgortdheerrekilnaettiiocnssahripe obeyed. Founm==12n2 DRAFT Pagesof 10 enisseoz 13 GK004800 cIonnpvuetrotfedAtPoFmiOcrvioagrDarmisnk(iugn)goWfaAtPerF:ODirnigneksitnegd wpaetredracyonucseinntgrtahteioansssoufmpAtPioFnOthwaetre. darpipnrkoixnigmawtaetleyr 2coLntoafitnhiengwa1teparratrpeecrobnilsluimoned(pppebr)dAayP.FOAnwaesxacmopnlseumfeodll:ows where Lppppbp=ltu=Elg gp 1ld8gg , 2OLL _ JZug ": mpm wo mIincpruotgorfaAmsPoFfOAvPiFaOInahbasloartbieodn:inItnohatlheedbcloonocdenutsriantgitohnes aosfsAumPpFtOionwetrheatcaopnvperrotxeidmtaoely . A2P0FmOowfaasirianrheilberdeathedperday. An example follows where air containing | ug/m' - day day General Assumptions: "aTshuebsstiimtpultee mfoodarelmodersecrroibbuesdt,hemrecshadneissigmnbeadsteodbpehycsoinosleorgviactailvemoadnedl.s Cnootnsiinstteenndtewdi1t0hbe the cesign of this model, several general assumptions have been made. "Y3o.4(21) ThheerePFisOnios miesttaibboultiesdmnofPyFOnt.he human ood compartment. "Runs ##53) NEloimbiinnadtiinognoorcmceucrhsanbiysatiicngdleescfriirpstti-oonrsdearrpeaitnhcwlauyd.ed1insthiekemloydetlh.at-- ciminaion ung, % acftoulallloyweddibspyalasylsowbieprhoarsitceerlmiimnianlapthioansewietlihmiannatiinoint.al Iapioddeerlitmoibneaticoonnspihsatseen.t * ewliitmhitnhaeticoonnsiserivnactliuvdeednaitnurtehoefmtohdeelm.odel, onlyth slow (ieminal) phase SGracs y es, Vi? (5) aAlblsoArPbeFdinitnohatlheedbolrooidngceosmtpeadritnmdernitn.king w$atuerdits ionsta*ntly and completely aWe2d?d (6) APFO exposuresoccureveryday throughout the exposure period modeled. Results `ATPheFsOimaurleasthedowPnFiOn lFeivgeulrsein2.huAmsawnoubilodobdereesxupletcitnegdfbraosmerdeopneattheed eisntgiemstaitoend ohfal6f-uligf/edoafy rPeFaOchiendtohnelhyuamftaenr rbeopdeya.ttehd exsipmousluarteiofnoriollvusetr6ratyeseatrhsa.t stFeiagduyr-est3atiea PFsiOmubllaotoidonolefvetlhseare eislitmeirnmaitniaotnedo.f PFO from the blood once PFO levels are at sieady sate and PFO exposure DRAFT Pagesof 10 Eo156603 14 ax004801 Pte 2. SimlodrPFOnCrncmnroattoitoHamas BodFlog LL lewpgs SAS siannen,, | fo CE ge RFE TEERSi E tofoy5 ES - SRCEAEPH SEEERE SFl knee So TE SEE Pie. Sannee d PFOCocr oa fHs bHoordtD?oigsodAller 5 ome A Sm mee a . Arm SoomSR tL ren RE o | TENE EY ai a as SE fis if ee fr anaes S-- 1S leAveslesrireesosuflmiondgeflrosimmdurliantkiionngswwaetreercrounnttoaeisnitnigmaAtPeFtOh,e sbtreeaadtyh-isntgataeirhcuomnatnaiPniFnOg AbPloFoOdor caroembsihnoawtnioinnsToafblthee 1.twoT.abTlhee |recsaunltbienguseestdiumnatdeesr otfhePcFoOndciotnicoennstrdaetsicornisbeidn ihnutmheantebxtl,oo0d caosnstiagninainPgF1OpbplbooAdPcoOncewnatsractoinonsu(maedpaarntdicnuolaArPexFpOosuwraes. prEexsaemntplient:hIefidnhrailnekdinagr,wattheer resulting steady-state PFO concentration estimate in human biood would be0.30 ppm. `Exampl2e: If no APFO was present inthedrinking waterand 0.05ug/m'APFOwas in the inhaled air, the resulting steady-state PFO concentration estimate in human blood `wobue0l.1d5 ppm. Example 3: If APFO was present in the drinking water at 1ppb and binlotohed waiorualtd0.b3e u1g./2m0',pptmh.e resulting steady-statePFO concentration estimate in human Texapbolseu1r.eEtostAiPmFaO:vhiaumaiarnansdtleoadryd-rsitnatkeinPgFwOebrl.ood levels (ppm) following Partsperbilan APiFndOrikiog water off T E2 E 5 sE s E6 A130 9TO 0 R5R ww10 3 [orf oi~ovommpmom or Rar 285 316 466 pOON 217 2 Joifos0 [oisfods 060. 036 "Kap 072 BERT TI F0T SWATH Levi pos:205:255. 270 285 3007351 amy ME 316 diss "s96 SM 1232 1247 = |[ooofofo0s50o- 015200:% 1E20 so 7Iasn0"2T1a02" 2Fui0o7w 231007-320700:333080 36"3131-336911. EHEIEN C 11226020 : | o 0.5offimo aonASgf gcEon 2 S240 TIEEEMReonn A1Feo2 iw39 94215. .- wa451r EPOION 0105222 11335222 Loofl STROH 365014 IF PE ERP EY 10, 15 02 200 Ns EAR EESRARR5 TREO0R (052 1502 18.03 2 sof 0 1202012M 32 M 1262 P12R9Y2 1(302222 11305522 11038822 1114.1122 11164422 1118.7722 11520022 11633532 21180033 22100034 . P7FFOOBblood vevell epseea3pru o3nbtms norcu 1100 * Use of this table requires careful consideration of assumptions and limitations. descrinithbe teexdt. Discussion A relatively simple and conservative compartmental model was developed and exercised tAreoPlcaFrteiOantgienAadPnrFienOsktiienmxgaptowesautorefertshaetnodP/eFosrtOiimcnaohlnaeclseoendftarsiart.teiaoTdnyh-eisntmhaotudemePalnFwObalsbolotohdoedfnuocslolenocdwein1ntgrcaetrxiepotoness.uar(eWaibttlohein the consirainsofthe assumptions and descriptions provided inthis repavoarriettyo,f DRAFT PugeTotro Entessos 16 ax004803 ceoxnpcoesnutrreatcioomnbiinnabtliooonds, tchoeulmdobdeelevcaoluuladteadlsuosbiengustheedmtoodcelr.eatGiavpelnauasisbpleeciefxipcoPsFurOe shcyepnoatrheitoitchaaltsctoeualddy-psrtaotdeucPeFtOhecoonbcseenrtvreadtiPonFOofblopopdbleivnelb.loFood,retxheamcpolrer,espifonodnienhgaAdPaFO exposure estimate using tne model would be approximately 16 partspor tion (ppt. a`nThaelymsoisdeolr palnadnanipnpgroaaccthvipireess,enhtoewdevinert,hiistrsehpoourltdmnaoyt sbevvealaussablsufbosrtictountesefqouremnocree prorbeussetntmeedchhearneisiiscb,aspehdysoinolsooguincadllcyombpaaserdummeondtellsaansaltyhsiesy pbreicncoimpeleasvaainldabilse.excTlhuesimveodoefl `mceocnhsaenrivsattiivceoarspshuymspitoiloongiscaanlddetshcerrieptfioornsi.s liAkseldyitsocupsrsoevdideaerlhigerh, tehsiusimmaotdeeslofsPbFasOed on csiomnpcleinctirtaytiaonndsuitilbiltyooodf fthoilslomwoidnegiipngreosvtiidoenodreciisnhiaolna-tmiaoknoerfsPaFnOe,asiNleyvaeprptlhieeldestsolthteo relate APFO exposures to estimatesofresulting PFO concentrations in human blood. DRAFT -- 17 PageBor 10 Entessos oK004804 Appendix 1: ACSL Model Code P{RMOODGERLATMO SIMULATE PFO BLOOD LEVELS FOLLOWING ORAL AND VIANRHIAALBALTEIOTNIMOEF APFO DITA ICSOYNSSTTEAMNOTFSICNATNERBEESTGIVEN VALUES TO SIMULATE EXPOSURE AND CCOONNSSTTAANNTTKKUUPPIO ~~ =200.. CCOONNSSTTAANNTTKKEALCICM ~~ =200.. CCOONNSSTTAANNTTVVFOL Z<1I. ZZEERROO OORRDDEERR IONRHAALLUAPTTIAOKNEUP(uTgiAdKayE)(ugiday) FFIIRRSSTT--OORRDDEERR DEILSITMRIINBAUTTIIOONN(TdaOy)BODY (ay) BBLOODOYDVVOOLLUUMMEE(m(im)) TIMING COMMANDS. CCOONNSSTTAANNTTTPSOTINOTPS 3=3665500.. CONSTANTTOFF 23650. CEINNDTSTSTOPPOINTS L INO. OEF POON IFNETXSG PIONSPULT ROET(dH ays) ENDOFEXPOTSIMEU(DRAYES) {ECNODMMINUINTIICALATION INTERVAL DYNAMIC ALGORITHM IALG=2 DIFE(RTIIVMAETIGVT.E TOF THEN KKUUPPOL==00.. EL FTERMT(TIME GETSTOP) R{CAOKNCUEPN+TORAKTUIPOIN- KOEFPLFIOMCIBNLTOHOEDB*LVOOOLD-CROAMFPARTMENT (ugidsy) `CBLOOD=INTEG(RA.OJVOL R[ACFON=CKEANCTCR*A(TCIBOLNOOFODP*FVOOLICNFT*HVEFB)ODY CF = INTEGRAFOOWVF EENNDD EENNDDDDYERNIAVMAITCIVE END DRAFT . 18 Page9or 10 Etsssor GKO04805 Appendix 2: ACSL Command File for Assigning Appropriate Parameter Values TSTOP=10+365, TPVOOOILFN=FT3-S5T=0S500T::OP1; KACC=0.; KELIM=0.0019; KUPO=2; KUPI=6; Kgkueryeb;oud START line(_time, _cblood, cblood(POINTS) @linestyle="+"); xlabel(Time (Days)): `ylabel('Conc. in blood (ug/mL)): litle(BLOOD CONCENTRATION: orast - . Fae 100110 : eotsascn 9 axo04sos c 0 :; oozes ne 2 DuPont Engineering : November 20, 2002 DiuPnon,dEnigueeesinRgatd [a : w David P. Watkins West Virginia Departmentof Environmental Protection Division of Water Resources 1201 Greenbrier Street Charleston, West Virginia 25311-1088 3Q02 anc4352 Public Water Supply Results, West Virginia and Ohio "DuPont Washington Works, Washington, WV Dear Mr. Watkins: Sampling ofpublic water supplies along the Ohio River to determine C- concentrations P`buebglainc iwnaDteercesumpbpelrie2s0l0o1caatsedreaqsfuairreadsbtyhtrheee CaonndsaehnatlOfmridleers(OurpdsetrreNaom.o`fGtWRh-e20D0u1P-o0n1t9). `Washington Works facility and 53 miles downstream have been included in the sampling events. Based on the very low C- concentrations measured at the various public water supplies, the numberand frequency of sampling events at the public water supplies was `rpeudbuliccedwabtyerthseupGprloieusn,dLwuabteecrkIn(vWeesstitgaVitrigoinnSita)e,erTiunpgpTeerasmPlianinMsa(yOh2i0o0)2.anCdurLirtetnltelHy,octkhrieneg (Ohio), are sampled on a quarterly basis. (TWheesftinVailrigziendiaC)-,TurpespuelrtssfPolratihnes (3OQh0i2oa)nadnd4QLi0tt2lesHaomcpkliinngge(vOehnitos)caornedpurcetseedntaetdLiunbTeacbkle p1.reFsoernttehdewpiutbhlitchewmatoesrtsruepcpelnitessatmhpatlihnagveevbeenetnlsisatmepdlleasdt.moFrigeutrhea1n sonhcoew,srteshuelltoscaarteions of all the public water supplies sampled along the Ohio River. 3 `The next sampling event at these Public Water Supply Wells is scheduled for 1Q2003. Please contact me at (302) 992-6820 if you have any questions. Sincerely, Andrew S. Hartten Project Director cei GIST Members ~ Attachments Cin irr OEPA 2548 a oman vm . SummoafrCTay8biin1G. roundwater . POubulpiocnWtaWtaesrhSiunpgptioensW,oWrekss,t WViarsghiniinagatnodn WOhVio [erwin |[ [ bsr f ToTe Mssseevme mes !]ENNR oao ooe 70oA ]S ] n S Sao etsrl TTiasam] S maannssaa|mrood] { I [peso --wawionl -- nar-- como]-- ----ms) rr tramentsens] 7EY] [ [ [e e ee e es s s ssteeaao mst]eo o ] m 0n0m m oo0oom 0no]]m m mm n a ppprrroddl l sal scamnwaeeddd | SonOn [ [pe ese omwne s e ss smauatelr ]owwobm s rosoo0oome]]m ] t fm arvpmrse aomcel snarwnseeinlepld [setpe sonT] sa apueis] r 01112s]]s AtaertTr] meaammaannitssaammop I| sBseeewrrpsssooorenwvaal]l gSgan rasvoellom Gooouesll esppprrrooe] mccsssmewweetdd { [ [ [e e em e e--r p r ssssnaaavos s s oel]d o o o wnaoocooop p p osis0o]ll w w wa s a pprrooamml l l amapesinmewwneedll] [ [ [s s ee e ep p r wvsansmas as v]s ]o oo osop p uiol]r m mm a a ppprrrseol l csl meosnmwweeeddl || [ [ [s e ee e ep as s Swoaavdses a]]o oop o ooop riroll]w w ms s appprrroool l smsl semmsoeonnnwwweeeddd EE = oe--717 )-- IYr ] Y)-- IET =| l|l [ [ eS ee e lmsmev oovm anle e haroco0rm s0er ses0]] s Ga r] iuFmaeuedn |[ oeremmaon [-- Gesoil--mr ason]I-- ml-- roscoe [ueoses ues mssuomlsl avon] aaoul a0] PPorsccoonnvnnidd pcre .| ; [rwses] [uso oeonveaamemll moo! ssael sal raPrvoende promod [ueuses val aawll ues sassl so Poemcem edd Prcuviod | [ueosws ssamwsamnnll 5ao3 rPrcocaeed uwross mwmmvaoall a3ad [ues oman] sol pprrmcaacmnaed prosuaviod { ve wessovvl aordi l ma oGroaao ll aoppo rroossvmm] oavviiaed f --wes Ewr as ET oul rproT sumeom ves mao] orl rcwad 111212002 Page 1015 A OEPA 2549 30402 xs . SummaofrCTay8blein1Groundwater PDubulpiocnWtaWtaesrhSiunpgptloinesW,oWreksst, WVairsghiinnagalnodn OWhYio [ mebocim og ONG)o | SES5 osodl Reo sa7adWRooC 59mE]R= prmascRuniwel l I) esol o7 mamalEY oadI= avid | [emw mtao e al nes ao l i t Pd oocaad weessol ssasmaa osowl rporimceed ) eemstt wwomvve ooono [esos oem os eerrsaccummwwendd eracumwad ; [ [-- --C to rpe vwaass aasooee zr eooa]]s oo owatto ai rrSSyyat mm[pPodnd { ToasoosWawrdossvaermsupemopnondd [ [u e e vwamsas os a --oo ao ] m l l rreeseeldl [ [u wp es s svaovo o ans r nw w tiaol i io oTTl l eusetleld [up[ sonu wnlpsvs aeverdo ann dialwnTTl eoeull [ [u te ees s avvaen]!o om n oomras w wa al l Troeuuwell | I [ Upsoe n wvaasas te] oao olnl l eTeweiwdel [ [e e mwwmsamos s sos]l o o nall l l Teeuuwneedd [ [-- uu esae s smav]o so m saoiillm mm al l oeuade [ [o op eoss s naevaalso on n raasslw wm al l Teouuwweedd [ [u up ps s svaamvedo om m iooml]w ws el l TTeeuuwweeld [vu rsommep l wss vaavteommisllweal Tepuw]el [ [u ue es s vsaamaos]]o or r oGawellw ws sl l roouuwel [ [e Da rm o vvaam ssn eos]]ecru voar us] e evws aic mmemSrmSi] e] emmrpoonndd [ sewerss maoonl] s rell l uspcroonmcasmoenowenld ceewwenessl swavaasl] ivsoll Prmssopnewenld 11/12/2002 Page 20f 5 23 OPA 2sSe 3Q4Q02PWxiSs. Summary ofTCa8ein1Groundvater PDubulpiocnWtaWtaesrhSiunpgptloinesW,oWrekss,t WViarsghiinnagatnodn WOnVi'o [a cn W5o1on1] 5seowenBOR G=aO l 3 areom7 eusansd| son iawn Goal mtarrmamensane l [ --wrsows seonal mio voaamnlal m ooGrsoes]de prsavnrs ramaeinstsconamal |{ [s[ omr 7 e so ausa7laE w ] Y e ooros-- tra pT pcosssl mmoy ennwweedd B | S a F o 7 e -- --)-- Id -- r || l [ a rwssoweocsllwerwavmn enl! a osm pn pocsmenwed | [m sow ve e --sawaoe al--T oun st-- a opwcnenavid [s-- o-- w soms e cl rowans maeoannl]ow ooossroea l rc pppcssrsaoccl vnmvieieeddd [us[ [ owas ro o o wssoaevvaaanw ottlw l--omme oae arslso o n pppurl rsscsceceennavvviiieeeddd | [ wsowes ol w7wtasmaw otd oone ull ] pprroasmscmuoamviieedd f -- [ [t w ip p es s s mwsaao o avoo alsw ww e e oe I mmr r l n r te e e Ppprrroouucl ol l osnonnvviieed i --mv one semo vmoolwe iiallnenprcl awnn l | I [rTs e --o v7a7mow s!E --eT asr so--]-- tr rsce| nvied + [te[ [ sor wt as el r o vsumammmaw o e ow oor l mwl i ee ppl rrool cmieeaeddd [Belerte odaPanWy [ iesows er u oo nsaonl w a ossele a pd omamell | BelEviIErD vawaood] Warum] Wscsmecstid] If[Tepes Pams ps on |[we ttoorPsseooPtsorgwazeovosletlS00333am00! sGoGa ueteresno TTrseaaimnsaentsssl auommnuedd l [ [= e we e is7 oanss e oaonE l t s E ooszo o es]] oAr n uttes mmaas] l naissoammodo]] | [me topseon sosantedlvaoosuv ul] aoamaaro vrmramssamsneinsnalimde] l [ [T T eroe ewSsr s amammooln]]s oo o ooorsremdr wpm i r Trepormsoeul ] scessnmovwmiaeedd 11122002 Page3os OEPA 2551 34002W6S xis KH : . PubDlupiocnatStuWomarmshaSirunypgpioloiTfneas.bW,loWeriekn1ss.G,troWVauirsnghdiiannatgaeinrodn OWhAio Topo Pars730.Ov amr] torsopw]__ouraml umopelanl | --r= SS + 0 | QU 7% 0% NO 1 15)|SOC S R| [ [--te epe sos spavewdo i]p oo--suetsw ]oni sppmrroossvl e uccssonodwneell [--temp mcso oanp ] ws proscl ionwel [| Teesoewal sasacal ose Productionwed [ [-- _t ee e wamp evss oaeallso o oomp anepw wa a pprroodsuvcl cil ownnwweeld | [rersonwal ime ol romcwwel | Teesopws| |Teesopws| zeaocal wo(00s0] aso] wa(<00s0f Productionwell Productionwel [terar ve s focono n] mrron scuawel `Ravenswood | [-- eesoe-- wa| e ioansmzmp ooe]] s NO(<o00o o10r)]pw ePrroodsuvce ctaioonnwWeeld [[----Se asp ol so oolpwe prosucs] cnwed |Tesoewal avaosal oosal Producionwel |TPsoewal ionsaoal core] Productionweil |TPesoews| amaocal oaor] Productionwel [TPesoews| sesaocal oar] Production Wel |TPesoews| 7aasocal oat] Productionwel | Teesoews|ioo zzsn l sao Proda uctiol nweil [_m_ese maooalso osup ] ws producl ionwel| | Teesowela@ oss s aoc Prode uctiol nwel [Tee ezwaooalso osalwe Produ| ctionweil | |TTePessooerwwes|| 7io@nvsaacoeadll osas2sl PPrroodduucctiioonnWweeldl Muricpal. WV| CORASIN| 372002] NO (0010) AwSupper in | _comasou| saaocal Na(<ooso ArStigperOf |corwewi| saaocal wo(<0ow) Production Well I Mason County PSO.WV | MASONCPSO1| v2e@o0a] NQ(<00s0)l ProductionWell i [maswo esaoon sl c wa(oe osofsoPr roducti] onwed [--was zao ra]nccoee r --soPa rosucal envied [--wwasoncesoalammmwal oom] proocion wei | _masoncesoal apsmocal oor] ProductionWell i | masoncesosoi oroz r]eaoc Produa ctionl wed i [wasoncesoal wamaooal odes Producion wed l |wasoncesos] wasaoosl ooss Productenwell || RacineLocksand am Wv|"RACINELD]__ waooal ___0St8| ___ Micelaneous Usel [ ViiofaRagcinee. oH Ss orsnl terete | [ [v vo or rw Re ww a[ |v a NWoo(a (m x0000iiu e o0)] z mo or c PPrrooe da duuccsoonl nl wieeldl Vowel saa caoio] prone] `NewHaWav ierDe eptn Wv |___ NWPSOAT| wio@ooa] ND(0010) Aer TreatmentSample] [snoao vul acr o] ] amend [wwe wiomos os o wa(oop sol wi Produc] tionWed 122002 Page" dots OEPA 2552 28 sasa0zpws ss . Summary ofTCab8lein1.Groundwater PDubulpiocnWtaWtaesrhSiunpgpiloiens,WoWrekss,t WViarsghiinnagainodn WOhYio Vise fmSymeeisT e On |[voVe sosaT| sSesooaonu]e l Rwooeccoavoseooll] n e tArnvaie Teeasmree enrtssei] nnsge]] [--vo savas s7] --o wYac)or m-- ] ma posul eTrer] | Vaagsorporeer[On | v[ ossoVouemRmt|lv --sawsmnmewoaoa]nll o Wooooooomo]] n saouwrTpammmaaaacnreSsmaawmreoddd : [ [ [v v o so o vasawswm aann]] w w wborooov0e eoin0]]e en l l pppraercsaeecvriveeetdd i [vv oeweralowvawr sesa]l woooerse al| nppord asncuenwret : NOT=Nhoet6Ot0a4c0td0aprrabootveetanovf dacoorst0ms 0)atadover re. N=NiomitGofuaunaiftaitionDa1e0ci0d)ata ovesoe osLOO4 ow 4V8Ce.e4=resctasnreersowoatdevii ntend or Gin . 45 . t112r2002 . Page sof 26 OEPA 2553 30400WS26is D a7 . LawOFFICES . SPILMAN THOMAS & BATTLE, PLLC ; SINCE 1864 mR osesE pcea oT ve, susus rorome semen, PARKERRSBAURNG,EWEST VhIRGInNIA T6101 KAYA aBOUL. EVARD,EAST CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINA 25121027) `FTAECLSEIPMHIOLNEE(000060)344002-8380010 EsTRnErELREPIGHooOAN4hEf"os i} eTmEi rades@bmatarAvOco-m June 13,2002 Mr. Armando Benincasa Dr. Dee Ann Staats West Virginia Departmentof Environmental Protection 1356 Hansford Street Charleston, WV 25301 - : Dear Dr. Staats and Mr. Benincasa: Enclosed is the final report of the air dispersion modeling for year 2000 actual emissions. Please contact meifyou have any questions regarding this matter. Very truly yours, Enclosure - ce: MChrr.isMtiocphhaeerlNBeagkleery,,OEhsiqo. EPA | MMrr.. JJeoshsneBHeannedsihcatw,,DDAAQQ M. Ann ku 'WVDEP 14300 28 ISC Modeling Methodology and Results Emission Source Information The ISC3 model was used to calculate ambient ground-level air concentrations and deposition rates for year 2000 actual C8 emissions from the Washington Works site. Table 1 shows the stack parameters used in the model for each emission point. Table 2 shows the emission rates used. The stack parameters and emission rates used are those that were submitted pursuant to Consent Order GWR-2001-019. In addition, two additional emission points have been added to the model beyond what was submitted pursuatnot the Consent Order. Since the C8 emissions are partitioned between the vapor and particle phases, deposition runs were completed by modeling each phase separately. (Modeling runs to determine ground-level concentrations were based on the total emissions.) Deposition modeling requires particle size distribution information and scavengingcoc cients for each phaseofemissions (vapor and particle). The size distribution information used in the `modelingfortheparticle phase was obtained from testing at the Washington Works site. The scavenging coefficients used for the particle phase were obtained from Figure 1-11ofthe EPA IDSuCP3onUtsewrh'iscGhuwiedre.e Tshubemviattpeodr upnhdaesre tshceavCeonngsienngtcOoredfefri.ciTehntissudsaetda swheorewsbatsheedcaolncuclaaltceudlavtaipoonsr by scavenging coeffitient based on rain intensity. Since only one valueofthe scavenging coefficient can be entered into the ISC3 model, the largest scavenging coefficient was chosen to ensure that the model predictions were conservative. Table 3 shows the gas and particledataused in the model and, additionally, shows the basis for the vapor scavenging coefficient used in the model. Modeling Methodology Dispersion and deposition modeling was performed using the Industrial Source Complex 3 Model (ISC3), version 00101, provided by Lakes Environmental. All modeling was done in accordancewiththe proceduresin EPA'sGuideline onAir Quality Models (40 CFR Part 1, Appendix W). The EPA regulatory default options and rural dispersion coefficients were used in the model. TLahkeeCs8EnevmiirsosnimoennstoaulrcBePsIwPeVrieeewvmaloudaeteldwfaorsduoswednwtoasprhoevfifdeectwsifnrdodmirseucrtrioounnsdpiencgifbiucilbduiinlgdsi.nTghe `parameters. All buildings on the site were evaluated to determine ifthey could potentially impact tihneclsutdaecdkibnytchaeumsoidngelbuiislsdhionwgndionwnFwiagusrhee1f. fe(cTths.eAbupillodtinpglsaninschlouwdiednginthtehelomcoadteiolnoafrbeuiidlendtiincgalsto i the list submitted underConsentOrder GWR-2001-019). rAec1e0p0t-ormsetweirthgr1i0d0e-xmteetnedrinsgpaocuitn4g,w0e0r0empeltaecresdfroonmtthheeplsaonutrpcreowpearstuysleidn.e.ITneradrdaiitnioenl,evdaitsicornestewere imported from electronic files obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey using the "highest" methotdo assign an elevation to each receptor. WVDEP 14301 a9 m2 `An additional receptor grid wasusedto determine deposition to the watershed for the Little Hocking Water Association well field. A USGS topographical map was used to identifythe `general areaofthe watershed (Figure 2), and a receptor grid with 100 meter spacing was placed `within this watershed (Figure 3). One yearofon-site meteorological data (1996) was analyzed. The data was processed by Trinity consultants, using Wilmington, Ohio for the upperair data. The precipitation data used is from the Parkersburg, West Virginia airport. Missing data and measured wind speeds of less than 1 mis were treated consistnt with the recommendations made in EPA's On-site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling. An anemometer height of 10 meters was used for the modeling. Modeling Results 3 An averaging timeofone year was used to determine the annual average vapor concentrations and annual deposition rates over the entire receptor grid. A contour plot ofthe annual average vapor concentrations is shown in Figure 4. Contour plotsofthe total deposition rates for the particle and vapor phases are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The maximum offsite values predicted by the model were: Maximum Annual Average Ground-Level Concentration = 2.675 ug/m* `Particle Phase:Maximum Dry Deposition Rate = 0.1347 g/m'/yr Maximum Wet Deposition Rate =0.0456 g/m/yr Maximum Total Deposition Rat=e 0.1803 gim'/yr Vapor Phase: Maximum Wet Deposition Rate = 0.0085 g/m?/yr `The maximum ground-level concentration and allofthe maximum deposition rates were predicted to occur at the same receptor (442135.47E, 4346899N), which is located on the plant fenceline northofthe plant. The maximum annual ground-level concentration predicted to occur in areas where people may reside in the community is approximately 0.8 pg/m'. `Additionally, asmaller receptorgridwas used to determine the annual deposition ratetothe Little Hocking well watershed. The model was run to calculate vapor and particle phase ddeeppoossiittiioonnrraatteeswfaosrecaaclhcurleacteepdtofror,walhliocfthhraetersecweeprtoertshaenndimmpulotritpeldiiedntboyatshpereraedcsephteoert.grAind aavreearage (ca2l.c5u7lkamte"d)wteorgee:t atotal depositionperyearover the entire watershed. The deposition amounts Particle Phase: Vapor Phase: TToottaallDWreytDeDpepoossiittiioonn ==61,27,3620g8/yg/ry(r1(42.78.8b/Iybr/y)r) Total Deposition = 19,340 g/yr (42.6 Ib/yr) Total Wet Deposition =1,644 g/yr (3.6 Ib/yr) 2 WVDEP 14302 30 iE CEES FEEEFEEEEEEES 2 EFEd sSissceifssisieg if FRR co; 88%%ns8zassg & - EEPY cccczsssizifsses : sff 5 JBMR Bl GssS:iC:ic9veIecIaeSseIizIiiSisIisRiaIniIzi3gye 2i}. - BM . cezscosesg 23 3 IIT IIIIITIISIINNY 2 PH c:sazaassses is 83 esEsEeE $31 E Egg=sfggs 0805888 3 s555 52 BH [BY GcCaCecsai3ssceRpiiRgRgRigief8l gz 2% 2 fii1 2 5333] 82 'WVDEP 14303  - EEE ARB Ey q 8220 8a -ScpifZoffocccooco Ss Iss Es ETH CEES EEE 2 338g s3=o 388% Ss dsss 3 S99 EP e sz _gre 3333 . BEEREEE R -S7-3S8533337-523538-48858888 2 i EO :i:: BBEEEEM i bl oFHyF -CEC onei%B%c-3f3isonans $55533-38ccccco [EH -23333838------ PB] c3susausssas nN s58msEsii=i]engRi2aBnEs2 . Fl CEBEcE2R2E3E3s305082888888 WYDEP14304 am "Table 3 * Gas & Particle Data Particle Phase: Particle Scavenging Coefficients Particle| Liquid Frozen Diameter Mass Density [Precipitation Precipitation microns) | Fraction| (g/om') | (!/mm-h!) | (s"/mm-h . 8 Z_0024 [os026s7 ||2222| |5 i20077| | 40 L6nI0 075 0035 [2 | 4x12 0" | 1.3310 20 0127 | 22 |13107| 43310 40 | 0033| 22 |28x07| 93%I0 - Vapor Phase: Liquid Scavenging Coefficient (s"/mm-h") = 6.4x10 Frozen Scavenging Coefficient (s"/mm-h") = 6.4x10* - ~CavlacpuolratsicoanvsoefnVgianpgocroefSfciacvieenntgsianrgeCporeefsfeicniteendt:in the consent order submiltal as a listofvalues for different rainfall intensities - the vapor scavenging coefficient that is eatered into the ISC model is in units of s"/mm-b", therefore the scavenging coefficients shown in the consent order must be adjusted to the proper units and then divided by the rainfall intensity - t`omenashurreatihnaitnmteondseiltypwraedsiucstieodn,sawsotuhilsdgbievecsotnhseerlvaartgievset,vtahleuescfaovreinngpiuntgicnoteoftfhiecimeondteblased ona 1 2311210 Lx 4x10 P= arto hr 3600s 1mm Ss mm mm hr" 5 33 'WVDEP 14305 Ed ' 3 ga 0 omy le8 WA iD! oo qo , : Wome | g = Sg " 9| =| es 8 3 0| 3 . .P4 Fw Go | et oft Pir) [ i 8 --f os , g . i LEE JE ad 7 a jd enim nye 7 [ed | id SE 9 el iii NADA ii ol Se SR i% oR a. SalI) EN | gC pit WN ECR nino Et| EEN | | 3 : i Fr Jiiol rrrrrriasr een Iii: FEA A EEE [eo FiE inl ais Trerrrrtrar taeicih ar rrr [aSiOiRES ORN Shhh E TIrAI iEvI E ia: E : rh EERE rEIIE IIIEIIIE IaIdiid PIriIv -I+ a: 8 3! 3 Ss - gt= 2 FOR 12 EE - "lg iSE3 g= g0 g E2 gE xi Y 8 od i&33 'WVDEP 14308 ii CA RE in R REeO bi a C L EE BhEiHhN , NEUSE oN ae : - a 2 H ANN E. FEEEET ERE 0 Mh |, 2g ; i P2E " : z : E Eo 3 3 : i z t : - : 3 i 2 ASORELTRIS1SEAR. | it iQ tH i --------: -- - ---- -- re-- ; i % C7 TERA | BE mmm mae lon 432151090 Cae ' | dana 7, 2003 1c peuirrunas von [FE ret [Er 2) | WMr.a,.shPDiaunuglPtoSonuntszWdeoerrtNkesmurs and Company fpp eyr eer e ] | P.O.Bax 1217 - | Parkersburg, WestVirginia 26102 || Re:' Ammonium Perfluorooctancate (CS) #iCpiarcts in Lite Hocking, Ohio Dear Mr. Bossert: | am writing to express Ohio EPA's concems with respect to alr impacts in Ohio due to emissions of C8 from your Washington Works facility. We have been following the i progressonthe evaluation and reviewofambient Impacts due to this facility,as well as the | `evaluationof ambientscreening levelsfor both theair and water pathways developed by the C8Assessmentof Toxicity Team (CATT). Wearealsc awareofadditional evaluations in progress by U.S. EPA and the Science Advisory board for reassessing the toxicity and possible carcinogenic effects of C8. | In addition, we have been contactedby a citizens group expressing concem over ambient | levels of C8, as predicted by air quality modelingofyear 2000 actual emissions. Short i term levels used toassessworkplaceexposureswere identified as health based levels not fully considered by the CAT team in the developmentofan air screening level for C8. . Mystaffhasassessedthemodeledambient Impactsresultingfromtheyear 2000 emission levels. Among the averaging times evaluated, mystaffhas Identified predictedeight-hour croencceepnttorrastiinoOnhslow.elWlhailbeovtehestheeamAbCiGeIntHchoenalctehnbtarsaetdimowaonyrsknoptlbaceedisrtecatnldyacrodmpatarmaublltieptloe | workplace exposures, these predicted concentrations raise our level of concern with } regardsto `short term exposurestoworkers and sensitive populations. | insure that future amblent ale impacts will be significant below 2600 levels. Du Pont has indicated that future production levels, modifications to a scrubber, a taller stack on amajor source, as well as agreements with U.S. EPA to reduce releases to all media will limit future impacts inthe area. You presented informationthat future impacts | -wauld be: below those associated with year 2000 actual Impacts. And, the year 2000 | emissions are the basisofyour agreemewnitth West Virginia to limit future air emission | levels. However, we do not believe that there is enough certainty in the assumptions to :3 | -a: Mr,rE-- RsSE conn + 1 $l | Pwarg.e P2a & | Sencar 5.2008 aWpteeralmliatrreercerespettqrioucretssitobinensygtahtnahtdatwtihyleorupelwdanoutcrefkewanimctbehiietnneh.te iSWmtpaaatbecetlosifbeWevleetashwtattVhiterigswinoiirsakaptolparacudecoepentxtpeionnsftuoerrreicmelasibmtileteps fuunttuirtehaecpcoetpetnatiballeeefmfeicstssioofnCl3evealrsecfaunlbeevadleutaetremdi.neOdn.ce these evaluations are complete, a ++}. IHfoydoaunbhoasvteoafrttyhequDivsistioinoowfnitAshlrrePoslpleuctitotnooCounrtrcoolnacte6m1s4,-p6l4e4a-s2e2f70e.elfree to contact Bob . Sincerely; | oirector ) ca Benard J. Rell Esq., E.I. DuPontde Nemours and Company, Legal Dept. John Benedict, WV DepartmentofEnvironmental Protection i boas ol| Cio | . "2 | F 43 DuPont Haskell Laboratory AR 224-1000 FUT -00-00322 Gaol oo0sce S uum OOUffrSi.cCeEuoofvsrPo.unmeeAnnuarPreOvoencaoinne nAdgeTncoyss x5 "50 + CSW1ah0niaaSmgavoCenornDAtCe. DRtoroomoun103 COMPANY8ANMZED 2:: Des Or. Aver iin1nmfrynmausnodn2P3r.o2f10l0e40UcE1Pr)9ofotfr aaunnmssmrauWcnIdivDPHennrf'cussroVcwoilaeunnoratrsyp(UoPeFcOn.doCEpApeoBnnSeaSdI1R6S . ACPOu.oalnasnof SodrsummeryLo4kna1 esh000eoymewaorrkers maBePo : oThrewraerseusnofieGseons4erAuPmFeOciars ssvepsoaleem.s eA im.ary of tyes ems VE i suamp mm Ceoonewyan | Coensmomai: en | Consepei mrmunen Note lowing orcemng re sso cu >F7aiavmte. aemtmppeloennss.enuotenooeoms1sWrsseteenmeAsaPFaOcnplooeen.osaifssodeogmseeossuod2m4emnsa.$ve0+ve.Z S Cioanm ngiuessGmoinofirmesroceEnemonionf +r5eins9m 0uda rmesn oommenseentseon : 72 >SPomaRamvpeOeresnmotrupnaofseworinoghimne25n0 oavipnasaososuopis. _f= prs a2 nu 25.2000 y Or. Charis M. Aver > BgloaodisnersumiAnPFpOecnonac,aniArPaFioOnsssepeomrsur5e Onvecvninocfecageonfgumoef Lieeicssmaamyonbge weonmceend11ots Sayebnydewxiphospeen2a0l SAPFuOtexapobryt.eerraage eng of seca of he role Soup iAdiidoantaelhgsrobeuenndowcactane.drTuhesseeSwciiorn=esasurermternespohratvoSneenpa<gesp3 o4nnnddeosfod3me vLeirieond. VoNlouunatrhytUhEeLrPe. Ppelsceicaocpey n4edp4recvoipoyuscebmiansinognCwoinhdeesaBcurseidness fori. 0F yPou iwisahn(1ci0i21hs99h9oe07fr4oormatiaoln s14 omnEePicuas documencet, l2ems0s1mceoa3t(0R0i3v1er3s66 sss Anachmens Very uly youn, aes 0 lanl . GSreerciiorL AKepnpneaayTouicslogyiadHeath : \ - . CEN-TRAALRSKREELNSLEoARACBIHNOORUAASNTDTORRIDYAELVEFLOMOREPDMITECONIXTNIECODLEOPGAYRTMENT ce: 3.$20B,. nAorsmi2t2age- 2" Wo mn Ww. LU! Sprout Vv. J # > 4 [#2 Wh wJe aii?tfo { WV Ww aYo,fyoS Ja" June 25, 1987 N > & WND for wa swim Coa.Y DN PeVW dIAFoN Pho Ah Sv) M-5625 FROM: G. L. KENNEDY, JR... Po dFnwr oeoR / AMMONIUM PERFLUDRODCTANOATE EN 5X (Ref.: Letter HAS-GLK, 6/12/87 C in ti neBATT noauadscc cieoFnpgtu awbotlhreekT eralsveeva erwolaulgdeft or dabaeie mlmyoDo3 nd iCBumpaouc. cpeurmfulluaThoistcivoooancl:czssasantnoeaasteobBes(eeCnr-v8)ed 0Fi7rn0o0nn8extnhiasssmapjdaayt(aem,eesmaowhsot3.ewaedCr.ye-sLteoaxstpeeohsieacdvooncteotnotariR.artbio3o:rnneZoifpcfoe0nl.c,3e2r%7sz2as9ot/mi8,o2n)sw.hiocfh represants the dynamics of exposure and slimination: was deTashtteasiemabtusteadtitnh(eaMtemedosa,taapT.bpaesaP.es Picsaosntsmoiootsrtetnottoo Jew.ixttheG.nsmioLvsoets.choifaIvnton,ead&z=is2so5ia/or8nt2ye)d.inhumraatn ifnohlalloawtinigonexepxopseurriemenftos,1 mnoa/saj;gnsanofatmtoosxpihceirtiyc wcaornscedrs-:=sactiieodn cEoxrtrreasppoolnadtiinogn otfo t8heblodoadts lreveellatiinngthtehemaclosncaranttraoftio1== 5c3om.C-8 in the air ig blood lavels in the tat suggests that in-asation of 0(.e0q1uatmgi/omn' 1swoubllodod"resluelvtel in= b1l2oFoEd TlEeEvsenlceonftaipaptrrooxni)mazely 1 ppm 5 ppb."TAnhiasccevpatlaueblehalsevebelen foarrricvoemdmunaitty4sdriFnoklilnogwer wazs:=. woulodr be 1. 1Th0e8s%A/EdLay (w8-ohurldTWtAa)keisin0.00.11 amgg./m';Assaumweork1e0zC3Sraebastorhpitnion. ater) 2. Daily ingestion by man of 2 L of water/day: 0.1 mg/2L (assume 100% absorption) = 50 ppb (a conce-tration in : bi oEaN \ z weol5 y 2 o 2 #1 oe EID078779 3. Hwoorwkeevrer,popcuolmamtuinointsy. popTuhlearteifoonres, arfeacntootr einqui8va1l0eXnt to Teduction - 5 ppb (concentration in water). exposedT8hishoudrose,sn'ntot-teakxeposiendto 16acchoouunrts, thsetc.timweherfeaacstordr(iwnokriknegr wstact.e)r. intHaokweevecro,uldthebe laonngytihmaelf-dluirfiengof16 thhoiusrsc,hemoifcfal8 hionurtsh,e blood might `make this consideration lesa important. Please cI alhlopeif thyaotu htahveeseansyuggqeusetsetdiognusi.delines will bb useful. GLK:me we EID078780 8 H wa ,s: TGJR. .G. LALossc/hsi.avoV. -GaDn1g2a0l22-3 . J.B. D. B. PClreunssborg GJ.. LF.. BKelrirniedge "VRoIDAL. oLcantyon" | JD.. AL.: PSocshtneider V. HM. Stevart July 7, 1987 To: JC.. AAL. SDcEaEnSd . FROM: R. J. ZIPFEL 8 como PRoGRAN vKearrych vevlals MvmyoistrtheviileinvtttelroeenstctehhdaisngienisstruheeequivpriretedhsenDtrco.e ouBofrruCpc-re8esKeoanurttcshicdooenntrJtouhlneepplr1a1o,ngtra1n9b.8o7u,ndDaIv.reinets. Hiteosshuseatsva.etedC-D8rt.haitnKarvtcehheinraeledsbolotoaodc.cpelpatcHeyedcthhtaehrethsipgohasenidsttiotnhperitsohpraetictiyofuiorcnemctpholemoseyeneteessnvaviaridolnlmdecunortnaitlnignue the reviev are attached. C-8 controTlheplfaonllvoivtihngthies-naecreessstaartyemeancttioonf sttheepsspeicnidfiiccatepdr.ogram items in our T. ADIINISTRATIVE CONTROLS A. EQUIPNENT DESIGN 1. IMPLEMENT AN INPROVED FINE POVDER DRYER GASKET DESIGN (RESP - KLINE) B. PROTECTIVE BQUIPKENT 1. AIPUDCIUTRRVEANSTEINPGRTOOTNECTVIOVREKSEQCU-8IPHIENNTBLO(OANDDAONPDERCA-T8INIGN OPTIMUM AVAILABLE (RESP - LOSCHIAVO) APRIORCEDDAUTRAEST)O ADREETETREMEINE 0038551 - RiZ:kst ee SO. EIDO79682 :. CC.8A.CONDTIREOSL P/ R4O.GRaA.K vanes ."t JFaucre 27, 1987 C. C-8 KONTTORING 1. REDUCE EWPLOTEE BLOOD TESTING TO ONLY THE FOLLOVING JOBS: o RAV DISPERSION AUTOCLAVE OPERATOR DISPERSION OPERATOR FINE P0VDER DRYER OPERATOR ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATOR (SUMP) DISPERSION PACKOUT OPERATOR GRANULAR POLTKETILE OPERATOR . FINE POVDER PACKOUT OPERATOR 722 roLTXETILE OPERATOR FIP VET PINISHING OPERATOR FEF DISPERSION OPERATOR FIRST LING SUPERVISION OF ABOVE PERSONNEL (RESP - LANYON) NOTE: BBEAFVOEREANVEINCTAEARNNGAEL OBTUOR CBOLMOMOUDNISCAAMTPILIONNG(PRREOSGPRA-M,ZIPVFEELV)ILL VANT TO 2. TPHEERSFONOALLLOVC-I8NGIJNOBASI:R SAMPLING - NONTELY SANPLES SBOULD BE REQUIRED OF RAT DISPERSION AUTOCLAVE OPERATOR GRANULAR POLTKETTLE OPERATOR PINE POVDER DRYER OPERATOR DISPERSION OPERATOR PEP POLIKETILE OPERATOR PEP VET PINISEING OPERATOR PE DISPERSION OPERATOR (ase - crooruonLanmisEs--ortpos) 003835-2 - Mizskat <7 . ; =ID079683 ` [I ` CC.-8A.CONDTRYOLK/EPJRSO.GRAA.M `SCHMID PAGE 3 JULY 7, 1987 3. AERQEUAIPHCE-8NTIN(e.AgI.R, HOFNIINTEORPIOVNDGERNOTED VITH PERSONAL SAMPLES DA(SRRYEESNRPESE)-DEAPDONLDBYYMTEOARRSERAE-SAPOROTNOTDUNTD0CARIIGTHICALLEVELS COPOLYMERS - OST) NOTE: EINNOGUEGNHERPAELR,SONVAELARSEAMTPALEKSING FAR TOO MANY AREA SAMPLES AND NOT 4. RLDEEOVQCEUULINSREENT(IAPMTEPIRROSONOVNEA-MLEENSXTAPXLPIALNNEATSTHIEOONNLDSYI)VOIFSAIBROOENVA'SESONSSOEXNVAOINFRDONTAMHCEETNITAOAENLLRSE(A0SM.PP5OL6NISNeEGBF)BOOROKASIR . (RESP - POLYMERS - 0TT COPOLYMERS - POST) D. C-8 CONTROL LEVELS 1. LEESVTEALBSLI(SHREMSAPXI-HGUM.LSA.FEKECN-N8EDIYN -BLBOAOSDKEALNLD)C-8 IN DRINKING VATER NOTE: OAONFRCTEEAHIASSLAEFVEELLEVVIELLLIBSEERSETAQBULIIRSEHDETDO,BTHEORSEEMPOEVRESDONPNREOLNTEXHCEEEEXDPIONSGUR5S0.% II. PROCESS CHANGES A. CIHMAPMLBEEMRESNTVOURSKESOF(PRUESRPCEA-SEPDOLYLMIEQRUSID-CC-8RUMAS IS BEING DONE AT DORDRECHT AND COPOLYMERS - HERRIDGE) B. NEV SURFACTANTS 1. HBTEUBRSSRIAINDEIGSNRS)FNEEPED-SRJEUDSUTCEIFYPRFIUORRTIHTEYRONUSTEHI(SQUAPLRIOTGYRAAMNTDOCOTSHTE)POI(NRTESPVHE-RE 2. NC-E9V,SUC-R1P0A,CTACN-T1S2 - NO ENVIRONMENTAL LINITS ARE PLACED ON THE USE oF C. c-8 RECOVERY 1. PFRIONCEESPSOVBDYER40D8R7YER(VREENSTP - SDCEHVNEELIODPERB)ASIC DATA TO IDENTIFY RECOVERY 2. SFCEHPNEAIQDUEERO)US STREAMS - APPLY ABOVE TECHNOLOGY IP ECONOMICAL (RESP - D. LUBECK VATER DISTRICT CONTANINATION 1.ELININATESUPERNATE PONDS -GOALTS NOVENDER 1987 2. DETERMINE NODE OF CONTAMINATION (RESP- STEVART) (R- PELENS SSO? RG) 0A0t3t83a5c-h3a-e3-nt-sRJZRZtikksst 52 RB EmDo7ose January 31, 2003 1 PFOA Pharmacokinetics Review David Gray, Ph.D. Sciences Intemational Inc. A considerable amountofdata on PFOA distribution and kinetics has been generated in studies on laboratory animals (Biegel, 1997; Goldenthal, 1978a,b; York, 2002; Thomford, 2001). These data reveal a complex relationship between dose, body-burden, and toxic effect. Serum PFOA concentrations have been determined at various time intervals during repeated oral or inhalation dosing or after a single dose. Urine and fecal PFOA concentrations have also be obtained in some studies. Test species include rats, mice, hamsters, monkeys, and dogs. The data indicate that renal and developmental toxicity occurs in the female rat with PFOA serum levelsofapproximately 1 part-per-million (ppm). The currently-available compartmental PFOA Kinetic model for humans indicates that a PFOA blood level of 1 ppm would be reached in exposed human populationsiftheir only source of PFOA exposure was the consumption of drinking water at something less than 3 parts-per-billion (ppb). Ifhuman populations were additionally exposed to PFOA in air, the model indicates that it would take significantly less PFOA. in drinking water to reach the 1 ppm blood level that results in toxicity to the female rat. `The detailsofthis analysis follow below. [The data on thepartitioningof PFOA between serum and red blood cells indicates that, although there is a difference between serum concentration and blood concentrationfor PFOA, itis not large since most, but not all, blood PFOA i in the serumfraction. Therefore, serum levels and blood levels will be considered comparable without adjustment in thepresent report 10 simplify thepresentation.] L._ Gender differences in sensitivity to the effects of PFOA exposure Much attention has been given to the early observation that the male rat is much less efficient in clearing PFOA than the female rat (Hanhijarvi et al., 1982). Urinary, and to a lesser extent fecal SH January 31, 2003 2 excretion, are the primary clearance processes for PFOA. PFOA is not thought to be metabolized and is excreted as the intact molecule. A numberofstudies have reported that the active secretory mechanism responsible for the rapid urinary excretion of PFOA in the female rat is inhibited by testosterone in the male rat (Ylinen et al, 1989; Vanden Heuvel et al., 1992; Kudo et al., 2002). Consequently, the elimination half-life is much longer in the male rat (9 days) than in the female (4 hours) (Vanden Heuvel et al., 1991), `This allows serum PFOA levels in male rats to reach much higher levels than in an equivalently dosed female. Other species also exhibit a considerable genderdifference in the elimination of PFOA, e.g. the male hamster is more efficient than the female. Rhesus monkeys did not demonstrate a large sex-linked elimination difference (Goldenthal 1978b). The greater accumulation of PFOA in a repeatedly dosed male rat results in the male exhibiting `much greater toxicity than the female at the same dose level. This difference in apparent sensitivity has led investigators to consider the male rat to be the more susceptible gender and to base PFOA risk analysis on the male rat. However,ifone considers differences in body-burden, the female rat is the more sensitive sex. For most compounds, serum concentration is a reflectionof total body-burden once steady-state is reached during a repeated dosing experiment or during chronic exposure to human populations. This i true whether or not a compound binds to serum proteins, such as has been reported for PFOA. Ina recent 2 generation reproduction study in rats, York (2002), the high dose parental females exhibited toxicity (absolute and relative kidney weights and F1 pup body weight) at a PFOA serum level ofabout 1 ppm. The parental males demonstrated more pronounced toxicity, but the average serum level in the equivalent high-dose group was very `much higher at 45 ppm. In an earlier 90-day study by Goldenthal et al. (1978a), serum PFOA levels showed an even greater difference between male and female rats. This study reported liver hypertrophy, pigmentation, and necrosis that was more pronounced in males than females. However, hepatocellular necrosis and diffuse sinusoidal hepatic congestion was reported in females at ss January 31, 2003 3 doses of 2.5, 18, 25, and 80 mg/kg/d. Serum PFOA levels in the 2.5 mg/kg/d female group averaged 0.15 ppm. Serum PFOA levels in the 2.5 mg/kg/day male rat group average 34 ppm. While the effects in males were more pronounced, their body-burden was over 200 fold greater than thatof female rats at the same dose level. Again, these data suggest that female rats may actually be more sensitive to the effects of PFOA than males. A direct comparisonofmale and female rats at the same or similar serum PFOA levels in the same study is difficult because the rangeofdoses in anyofthe studies is not great enough to provide an overlap in serum levels. Ifone considers nonhuman primates, the same magnitude of gender difference in elimination efficiency has not been reported. Goldenthal et al. (1978b) conducted a PFOA study in Rhesus monkeys. In this study, female monkeys had slightly higher serum PFOA levels than did males from the same dose group, indicating there is not a major gender difference in elimination. This study indicates that the largegenderdifference in PFOA elimination that has been demonstrated in rats is not present in Rhesus monkeys and may not occur in humans. In summary, the available distribution and kinetic data for PFOA indicates that the female rat is likely the more sensitive sex when body-burden rather than administered dose is used as a dose metric. 2. The very long PFOA half-life in humans `The current estimateofthe elimination half-life in humans is 4 years, much longer than any other species. This long half-life indicates that humans excrete PFOA much more slowly than other species. For long-term human exposures, PFOA would be expected to accumulate to high bodyburdens over very long periods (~ 20 years) before leveling out. Low-level environmental exposures to PFOA, accumulatedover a long period, could eventually result in significant body- burdens. The inability of humans to efficiently excrete PFOA potentially makes the chronically- exposed human uniquely susceptible to PFOA toxicity. This long period of accumulation to high body-burdens in the human has not been directly factored into any risk estimation to date. se January 31, 2003 4 3. Risk estimation based on pharmacokinetic models Based on available kinetic data, body-burden and the long elimination half-life ofPFOA in humans are critical in estimating the risk resulting from human exposure to environmental PFOA concentrations. These considerations can be incorporated into quantitative estimatesof human health risk through the development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Although efforts are underway to develop such a model for PFOA in the rat and human, no such `models have been published. A simplified approach to obtaining the exposure/blood concentration relationship has been taken in the development ofa compartmental model for PFOA based on kinetic principles without mechanistic and limited physiological descriptions (Hinderliter and Jepson, 2001). The stated purposeof the model was to provide decision-makers with an easily applied tool to relate PFOA exposure to concentrations in human blood. The model assumes that all PFOA is absorbed immediately and is eliminated from the body with a half-life of 1 year. The utility ofusing a model such as this is that takes into account the very longhal-lfeof PFOA in humans. `The model is exercised over an exposure periodof 6 years, which purportedly allows steadystate to be achieved and for blood concentrations to level out. Yet recent data indicates the PFOA half-life in humans is over 4 years. Thus, by assuming a half-life ofone year, the model will substantially underestimate the steady-state blood level. A higher blood level is reached with the longer half-life because steady-state is not attained until around 24 years of accumulation rather than 6 years. The simplified model also assumes that there is no tissue distribution and that all PFOA is contained in the blood. `The model was exercised with various assumptions regarding input of PFOAviainhalation `and/or ingestionofdrinking water. The outputof these calculations was presented as a matrix of blood levels resulting from combinationsofair and water PFOA concentrations. As indicated above, the blood level in a female rat that results in renal and developmental toxicity is about | ppm. Using the simplified model, one caneasilycalculate the drinking water concentration that `would result in a human blood level of 1 ppm PFOA. The simple model predicts 2 blood level of s7 January 31,2003 5 approximately | ppm would result from consuming 3 parts-per-billion (ppb) of PFOA in drinking water over a period o6f years, assuming no PFOA exposure through air or other media. If the model were adjusted to incorporate the more recent estimate of human half-life of4 years, a substantially lower level of PFOA in drinking water would be needed to reach the 1 ppm in blood level that produced toxicity in the female rat In summary,a simplified compartment model exists to estimate the relationship between PFOA drinking water and air concentrations and blood levels in human populations. The model indicates that a level of PFOA in human blood corresponding to level of PFOA in blood that. caused renal and developmental toxicity in the female rat would result from the human consumption of water containing less than 3 ppb PFOA. References Biegel, L.B. 1997. Hazard characterization for human health C8 exposure CAS Registry No. 3825-26-1. DuPont Haskell Laboratory. Goldenthal, E.I. 1978a. Ninety day subacute rat toxicity study. Final report prepared for 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, by International Research and Development Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, November 6, 1978. Goldenthal, EI 1978b. Ninety day subacute Rhesus monkey toxicity study. Final report prepared for 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, by Intemational Research and Development Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, November 10, 1978. Hanhijarvi, H., Ophaug, RH. and Singer, L. 1982. The sex-related difference in perfluorooctanoate excretion in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 171:50-55. Hinderliter, P-M. and Jepson, G.W. 2001. A simple, conservative compartmental model to relate: ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) exposure to estimatesofperfluorooctanoate (PFO) blood levels in humans. 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