Document rwgoGNqRyOLzDa6Qn2dBqDGa

WOOD SIDING UNIttl STATIS BIMITItlNt Of AtIKllTOIt 0007-SWP-000005893 N 4434 rv>. ~SS- fri- T-f' 'ifff-.'*r`A"r -*s ''t-jdJgc , E.Y75M r-; -ic- - * t' ` '. r.' t -, - , * 4 *. >' - ^ i -r* ^ -^.>- * > ' li- . * - ' .* : eWv/' rV^OTf VMM^i CVTm^ WiV awM^afl ^aaf Mi. It It tM a wpaM. Inw Ml, $rta ** Ma t*t* tm ihMfet hwtt rfftt. klbtort mH aa MM to pM Ma. Iwwi imM Mm fca* inwi (aataMaf. WIm oat*** bat MWM |lw. M *tm* r traMlWf It to I illaliiaN to Washlit|tn, 0. C. Oclahai 19S4 h* Mb kf to hiiiMMM < Oawmiwi, U- S. 0wiM MaNaf Otoa WatMaylaa M, . C. Wm II *** 0007-SWP-000005894 l I WOOD SIDING How To Install It, Paint It, Caro For It By At Forest Product! Laboratory, Fortit Sanies Wood siding is put on houses for Then an other reasons, too, such many' good reasons. as wood's ability to hold a wide va- l For one. it will keep the bright riety of finishes--clear ones that new -fave" of any home attractive reveal and accentuate its natural for many years to come. In fact, beauty, stains that impart a rutiv given reasonable cure, wood siding appearance, and paints of every will retain its beauty for centuries, conceivable color. Within limits, f as has been amply proved by houses the color scheme can be changed I that date back to early Colonial l*riodioally to give a home a fresh times. new appearance in keeping with There are sound design and struc changing times. So it's little won tural reasons, too. for using wood der that wood siding has come to siding. Its great flexibility and stand for warmth, comfort, secu variety in patterns, silts. and colors range from the captivating sim plicity of Colonial clapboard to the equally charming board-and-batten siding of modern ranch and ram bler houses. In between art many other varieties and combinations that produce distinctive and attrac tive effect!. Then then an the hard-headed dollnrs-and-cents reasons, such as wood's low initisl cost and the ease and speed with which it can bo sawed, fitted, and nailed into plan. Also, its fuel-saving value, due to the millions of tiny hollow fibers that malm it a good insulator, and its natunl resistance to the mages of weather make it desinble. rity. beauty--all the things that spell "homa." Kinds of Wood Siding There are many kinds of wood siding on the market today (fig. 11. All will give good service, provided they are used right. Foe houses, bevel siding is perhaps the most widely used. It* consists of boards sawed in half so that' one edge is thicker than the other. Drop sid ing is also used, especially on houses without sheathing. To make it, boards art patterned along the up per edge ami grooved or lapped on the lower. Bevel and drop aiding 1 f Ufw* I.--aM tfptt *f wm4 tMtof. UH t* rifht, k*l n#-e*rtM tie;*#. Sr*# ,!<*#. mtUmI W* 1 0007-SWP-00000S895 I are applied horizontally and tend to make a'house appear lower and longer. Vertical siding is increasingly popular on one-story houses. It consists of square-edged or tonguedand-grooved boards applied verti cally. usually with narrow strips called battens nailed over the joints. Vertical siding tends to maks a house appear taller. The kind of siding chosen will depend on where the house is built, its price range, and the architec tural effect wanted. A range of qualities is available, from clear, edge-grained lumber to flat-grained materia] with knots and other char acteristics that should be given spe cial flnishing treatments, depending on the effects wanted Points last longer and give bat ter service on softwoods oflow den sity than on those of high density, and on edge-grained than on flatgrained boards. On woods with brand summerwood bends, a spe cial primer (first coat) is nteded for good service, as described on page*. Th Hows# and Its Siding Wood tiding is a put of the house, and therefore its performance is vitally affected by the rest of tha structure The whole house must be well anil pioi>Ci ly built to in-ui\. long-lasting service. Houses are built differently today and must serve under different con ditions than in grandfather's day. Insulation, weatherstripping. and generally tighter construction have cut down fuel bills and made for greater comfort, but have also cre ated some wintertime problems in our northern States, wherever proper precautions hart not been taken. Part of the water vapor formed within a housa moves through the inner surfaces of wails because of differences in temperature between the inside and outside. Under cer tain temperature conditions, this water vapor condenses and collects as liquid water or frost back of the siding. And much more water or frost is likely to collect back of tha siding of an insulated'than an un insulated house, because tha outer skin of an insulated house is colder. With tha return of warm weather, this moisture can--and often does-- cause the exterior paint to blister. The problem has been further ac centuated by central heating planta and indoor plumbing? which have created a great-deal mors water vapor in house*--vapor that has las chance to escape to the cold outdoor* than is the case in the older, lav tightly constructed houses. ROW* um. Sm-<mS iWtof. 2 0007-SWF-000005896 There are a number of things that soak into the end grain and cuu.-c can be dune to help keep moisture the paint to fail. out of trails. One of the most ef A comparatively new treatment fective is to put a good vapor bar* for the siding itself helps keep tier (fig. 3) under the plaster of moisture out of walls. Siding can exterior walls in every insulated be dipped in a water-repellent pre house built where the average Jan* servative before it is installed, or uary Temperature is -15* F. or lower. the water repellent can be brushed 4 Asphalt-ensued paper, aluminum on after the siding is installed and fil. ami polyethylene film make before it is painted. These pre- good vajsor barriers. servatives art sold by lumber deal Rain and snow water must be ers and some paint stores. They kept out too. Roof gutters must be contain waxes, resins, and oils that sloped and have enough down. cause water to slide otf, instead of *l>outs or they msiy overflow during wetting the becks of the siding I I rainstorms and let water seep into boards by working through the butt walls through joints in the siding. joints or crawling up through the Likewise, the eaves must be well lap by capillary action. Hashed. This helps keep out snow melt when gutters become clogged with ice. Installing Wood Siding Good roof overhangs help a lot and metal flashing is needed in roof valleys, along dormers, and around chimneys. Window and door frames also need adequate cap flash* ing. Joints should be snug when Wood siding is simple to install. It is precision-manufactured to standard sixes and is easily cut and fitted and fixed in piece with ordi nary tools. siding boards butt together and Courses of siding should be against window and door trim. But spaced so that a single board runs tiding that is fitted against roof continuously above and below win- shingles, as on dormers (fig. 4) and dows and above doon without roofed entryways, should be about notching. Bevel siding 3 inches 1 inch short. Otherwise, water can wide should have at least 1 inch of 3 0007-SOT-000005897 I *fw 4.--*4rt4 il SMa 4trm*r iMtaf H * t>mm tM| M frwa 4<Mf imMt fc*ck f ti*f n4 4 overlap between courses. Siding S inches or wider should overlap at least 1V4 inches. Siding should be butted snuglj and squarely against door and win dow casings, corner boards, and ad joining boards. (Comer boards should lie flat against the sheath ing.) If metal comer covers are used, siding beards should be care fully cut to avoid leaving a hollow place under the corner cover where water could collect Mitered cor ners should he precisely fitted for the same rtasoo. To fasten siding in place, sinecoated, aluminum, or other noocorvotive naile are recommended. Plain steel-wire nails, especially the large-headed ones designed for flush driving, make unsightly rust spots on most paints. Even small-headed plain steel nails, countersunk and puttied, an likely to spot the finish with rust Wood Finishes The first finishing job on a house is the most important one. It is the foundation for all subsequent finishing, end if all goes well it will remain there for the life of the house. Selection of a finish must be made from among three broad classes: (1) natural finishes, (3) stains, end (S) paints. The choice, of course, will depend to e great extent on personal preference, considering the advantages and disadvantages of etch clam of finish. Natural Finishes Natural finishes either penetrate the wood or form a film on its sur face. The penetrating finishes may be clear or pigmented; the film forming type is usually clear. Natural finishes of the surfacecoating type give a lustrous, even 4 0007-SW-00000589 8 I "lour coating. These arc chiefly spar varnishes. A really durable natural finish of this type has vet to be developed. The penetrating natural finishe-* leave little or no continuous coating on- the surface. They include oil finishes; wood sealer finishes, ami water-repellent finishes. The lat ter penetrate wood readily and completely, but the oil finishes ami especially the sealer finishes may leave some excess ott the surface. For best results, the excess should be wiped olf from i to 10 minutes after application. All three ty|* of penetrating finish look better ami last longer if they contain some pigment. Before a natural finish is applied, it should be tried on samples of siding to be sure the etfect is wlutt is wanted. If there is likelihood that a paint finish may be wanted later, a wood sealer or an oil finish should be chosen. Although the pigmented water repellents are among the better natural finisliee. they contain mote wax titan tin water-repellent preservatives rec ommended for the treatment of sid ing. They are likely, therefore, to interfere with the drying and ad hesion of house paints, wheress the water-repellent preservatives do not Natural finishes are not nearly so durablo ss point. Therefore, they mint bo renewed more frequently than paint, usually every year or, at the most, every two years. Even with such attention end care, the surface-coating types may ulti mately need to be removed com pletely to restore a satisfactory fin ishing surface. In any case, they must be removed entirely before paint can safely be put on. Stains Good shingle stains art inex|*nsiv* and much mors durable than natural finishes. therefore requiring much less maintenance. They come mostly in dark browns, greens, red*, and yellows. Stains penetrate and color wood, obscuring it.-* grain bur leaving little or no surface film. Hough-sawed or weathered wood Mil-faces are especially suitable for stains. Good ttnilis eliotild last at least 5 years, and may last as long as 9 or 10. Even on planed sur faces, tliey will last at least as long as paint before needing renewal. Since stains form little or no coat ing on the surface of the wood, they do not crack, curl, Hake, or scale. Neither do they blister. Some stains, howaver, contain creosote, which may discolor light-colored paint applied over them later. Hovs# Paints House paint is the moat widely used finish for wood siding ami white housa paint is the most pop ular. A good white house paint should lest st least 4 or $ yean be fore it mutt be renewed; tinted points, S or 4 yean; end derk-color paints. 4 to 4 yean (fig: 5). House paint consists of two parts, e solid pert (pigments) and a liq uid pan (the vehicle). The pig ments include hiding (opaque) pigments and transparent (extend ing) pigments. The vehicle con sists essentially ef s drying oil (usually linseed oil), a thinner, mineral spirits or turpentine, and a .-mall amount of paint drier or japun drier, necessary to make the paint harden prompuv after appli cation. The kind ana quality of a paint are determined ky the nature MUM'-US--i 5 0007-SWF-000005899 I N*w* I--Mf*k HI* W wkM*, mm**, m4 (KW --IM- of its pigment, tht proportion of pigment in the vehicle, end the kind of vehicle. I Toilet paint* may be classified simply according to the pigments used In them. l**ing this system, there are sis basic kinds or types of house paints: white lead, titanium* lend'Zinc, titanium-zinc, titaniumlend, titanium, and derk-color. Each type has some of the char acteristics generally considered es sential in good house paint. These include durability sufllcient to last 4 to A yean before needing renewal, a normal form of wearing that in sures a good repaint surface with a minimum of preparatory work, and a normally fast rat* of wear from the surface. This last is to prevent the accumulation of an ax* ressively thick film of paint whan a reasonable maintenance schedule is followed (a single coat every 4 or 5 years or S coats every 6 yean). Paint should also have a clean, highly reflactive color and ability to remain fret from excessive dirt collection in terries. It should be nonsenshirt to moisture end should not be stained by matal corrosion. Xor should it ba discolored by hy drogen sulfide or organic sulfides. Xo one typo of house paint on the market has all of theaa char acteristics. All have some desirable failures and some that sn not so 4 desirable. In order to select th* 4 type of psint that is likely to give th* most satisfactory service, the homeowner should be* familiar with th* conditions to which house paints sn subjected in his art*. He must also know which types of paint wilt stand up best under thee* conditions--which of tho various paint properties an important to him under th* circumstances, and which an nlatively unimportant In terms of yean of use, whit*"""' lead paint is the oldest It has been used on houses in this country since Colonial times end it is still pre ferred by some painten and house owners to the other types of house paints. However, it now accounts for only a very small fraction of tho total volume of house paint ustd in this country. Whitt lead paint is a durable paint that normally fail* by check ing and crumbling. This pattern of fadare leaves a good repainting sur face that requires little preparatory work. It is also t comparatively f` oft paint that wears away at a 1 faster rats than most other paints This permits a flexible maintenance \ program with little risk of building th* paint film toexcessire thickness. Whits lead paint is available in resdy-to-uae form and as a pasta that can be mixed on tho job with linseed oil, paint thinner, and drier. * 0007-SWP-000005900 I V0 Because it has punt) riut retention, They are generally hard and wear colors*in-oil may be added to make away slowly. tinted paints. In addition, it w- Paints of this type, like most <ists staining by rusting metal. paints that contain tine oxide, nor Probably the most imi>ortant of its mally fail by cracking, curling, and l>ro|*rties. however, is its nonsensi flaking. With paints that fail in tiveness to water. Even when ex- this manner, it is necessary to take l<oeed to water for a long time, it certain precautions to insure a good '-wells only about as much as wood repainting surface. The film of does when wet. Consequently, it paint on the wood must not be per lia> little tendency to blister. mitted to become too thick end the \ " White lead paint also has tome failure must not be permitted to 4 disadvantages, some of which hare ndvance too far before repainting i led many houseowners to prefer done. other types of house paint. For one, Zinc-contsining paints htve been it has lower opacity, or hiding power, than the other types of house paint. Also, it has an off-white color that does not compare favor* ably with the intense, brilliant white of most other paints. One of the more serious objections is its dirt retention. Despite the fact that it wears sway faster then other paints, it collects more dirt and re tains it longer then moet other types "*bf paints. Another serious objec tion is its property of discoloring on contact with hydrogen sulfide and some organic sulfide gases that cause the formttioa of blsck lead sulfide. Because of this property, white leed paint and other peints containing lead pigment should not be used in areas where these chemi cals ore likely to be present in the ntmoephera. Finally, white lead found to swell much more than wood when wet, and must therefore be classified as moisture-sensitive. They blister more readily on con tact with watar than do tha other types of paint Under some condi tions, contact with water may not causa sine-containing paints to blister but may simply induce promature cracking, curling, and Ask ing. Precautions suggested on page 16 will help reduce contact of this type of paint with water. Titanium-lead-sinc paints also are likely to become stained by nail rust and by the corrosion products of iron and copper screens. Tha lead in them accounts for their dis coloration by hydrogen sulfide end certain organic sulfides. House paints of ths titsniumsinc type art sold in large volume, (Mint is slightly more expansive second only to tho titanium-lead* than other types of house peints. sine paints. Their properties art Moet peints are of the titanium- very similar to thoas of tho tita* lead-xtne type. The lead and sine nium-laad-tine paints. Tho moot * content of such peints ranges from important difference between them ) ' extremely high to very low, and the is that tha titanium-sine paints do proportions of lead and sine also not discolor on exposure to hydro vary widely. In genera), paints of gen sulfide or organic sulfide gases, this type have a brilliant and highly since they contain no land or other reflective color, remain uniformly pigments that react to form metallic clean in service, and are durable. sulfides of dsrk color. For this rea- 7___ 0007-SWP-000005901 I sou they in often referred to ts In opacity, color, and re-isunct "fume-proof' paint* and are rec to soiling by dirt and staining.by ommended for uat where sulfide dis rusting metal, titanium paints are coloration is a problem. like the titanium-lead paints. The Paints made with titanium and titanium paints differ in that they lead pigments, but without sine are enameilike in their character oxide, have appeared on the market istics and resist sulfide discolora in recent years. Most of these art tion. These paints normally fail by #nld as `hreather-typ**' paints. cracking, curling, and (faking, and They contain--in addition to tita indications nr* that they wear away nium and lead--a high proportion at a rat* similar to that of the tits- of transparent (extending) pig ninm-lead paints. ment to binder (the nonvolatile Dark-color paints, sometimes part of the vehicle). Paints of this called trim paints or trim-and- type are characterised by their lack trellis paints, consist chiefly of of gloes. dark-color pigments with little, if A few paints pigmented with any, titanium dioxide, white lead, titanium and lead Are sold as or sine oxide. In most trim paints, "titanixed whit# lead.'' Some the major part of the vehicle is paints of this type contain no ex varnish, usually an alkyd-resin var tending pigments, but are made nish. Iron oxide paint*--the fa with a conventional ratio of pig miliar red barn paint*--may also be ment to binder and therefore have classified as dark-color paints. as much gtoss as the xine-containing Sometimes used on houses, they are paints. very durable if properly mad*. In Paints of the titanium-lead typo general, good paints of dark colors are nonsensitiv* to moisture and are more durable than any whit* or therefore blister-resistant. They light-colored paint and less sensitive hare high opacity and generally to water than are whit* or light- rate between white lead paint and colored paints mad* with sine oxide. the sine-containing paints in color quality, resistance to soiling by dirt Point Prtmon and staining by rusting metal and the rate at which they wear away. They fail by checking and crum Some paints can be used as self primer* while others need s special primer for the first coat on new bling. and provide a surface that is wood. The proper choice of primer easy to repaint. They art, however." can do much to insure a long-last diacolorod by sulfides. ing. trouble-free paint job. In par Paint* made of titanium pigment ticular. a primer should be free of alone, combined with on* of several sine pigments, even if s sine-con special vehicles, are new available- taining paint is used for the finish on the market. One of tha vehicles coat. Most paint makers .provide used is a long-oil alkyd resin; an special, sine-free house-paint prim other is referred to as a copolymer ers or undercoattrs for use with solution. Titanium paints are sold their mixed-pigment paints con as "blister and stain resistant" taining sine. As a rule, it is wise paints. Like the `bmtlier type," to us* primer and finish paint of tlie they hare little or no gloss. same brand. fc 0007-SWP-000005902 N*ew wood that is to be finishcoated with whit* lead or titanized whit* load pint can b* printed with th* fini*h-cout paint (ca!)*d "selfpriming**) or with zinc-free, prepared house-paint p r i m * r. -Hivarher-ryp" paints and titanitim-alkytl resin paints arc usually used as self-primer*. A special printer is needed for Hat-grained wood with wid* mm* merwood bands (fig. 6) and wood with knots. Aluminum house paint, sometimes called `aluminum paint for wood,*' has been found best. Paints applied over ordinary prim ers are likely to flake off the sum* merwood rapidly, leaving unsightly blemishes. Knot sealers, which minimize -bleeding.** may be used over knots in wood haring narrow summerwood bands. Selection of a particular type of house pint requires cartful thought. Where moisture troubles are widespread, a zinc-free paint is to be preferred. The cxprtenct of others in the neighborhood and city is helpful in finding out what types of difficulties with paints art com mon and which pints serve best. Tlit construction of tbs house should alto be considered. Does it have a wide roof overhang to shield eiie walls' Has it adequate gutters and downspouts and are they prop erly installed? Is there a good vapor barrier along with th* insula tion I If the answers are yes, a zinccontaining paint stands s fair chance of success (but only over a zinc-free primer). If there is doubt, one of the zinc-free pints is the wiser choice. Finishing Wood Siding and Trim Questions that sriss regarding the job of applying finish include: When to pints Where to begin} How msiiy coatsI. Finish can bo`applied with s brush, spray, or roller. A brush is generally used and, for purposes of this publication, brush application is assumed. Finish is best applied during warm, dry weather when streral weeks of sunshine can be expected. This creates s problem with regard to houses built during fall or winter, and often builders 1st them stand with s prims coot until spring be fore finishing ths job. This proce dure can mult in trouble. The *.>**#(iiMtlAvm Mm * at tke ptawt S yelmS ti6*e md wm4 wMb t 0007-SWP-000005903 i better practice in uch cases is to brush water-repellent preservative on the siding. sftsr which it can go without finish until spring. Because water-re|*llent prtservatives help keep rainwater out of house wall*. the most elective time ro apply them is before any other Hnisii has been put on the siding. They are especially recommended for use under moisture-sensitive paints, natural finishes, or stains that contain no fungicide. With natural finishes. 1, 3. or 3 applications may be required. depending on tit# type of Huish used. The manufacturer's directions should be followed. In general, natural finishes are easy to apply. Stains, too. are easy to apply. On planed wood surfaces, one applica tion may be enough, but two appli cations usually mutt in a more dur able job. Two applications are generally recommended on roughsawed or weathered surfaces. The answer to the question, "How inane coats r depends largely on the kind of paint selected. As a rule, s 3-coat job is recommended for new wood. Many builders ap ply only 3. A Ant paint job should be 4\4 to 3 mils (thousandths of an inch) thick, which is about the thickness of a dollar MIL It is dif ficult, if not impossible, to apply that much by brush with 1 printer and 1 finish coat of today's *rerage paint* I* winter especially, 3 coats att needed. Exceptionally heaey coats, where paint is applied at a rate of 430 to 500 square feet a gallon, are likely to result in wrin kling. loss of gloss, and slow drying during cold weather. With mint, an old craftsman's rule is: ``Follow the sun around the house.** This means that the north side should be painted early in the morning, the east side late in the morning, the south side well after noon, and the west side during late afternoon. Morning dew or the water of a brief shower should be wiped otf. and after half an hour of warm* weather sunshine painting can be gin. After many hours of hard rain. Uowerer. a day or two of dry ing is needed. The beginning painter can leant to gage spreading rates by applying a pint of paint evenly over a mens ural am. For example, at a spreading rate of 6U) square feet to rh* gallon, a pint covers 73 square feet, or an am of 3 by 13 feet; at 7i> square feet a gallon, a pint cov. ers 67l square feet, or an area of 3 by l*y3 feet The average begin ner tends to spread paint out too thinly. For modern paints of average composition, a total thickness of be tween and 3 mils results when 1 coot of house-paint primer is ap plied at fiwrt square feet a gallon ami 2 coats of finish naint at 700 square feet a gallon each. In warm, dry weather. each coat should dry a dav or two before the next is-applied...-Cold or damp weather may make an extra day or two advisable, but more than 3 weeks between coats should be avoided. Finish Maintenance Hot summer sum wind-driven rain and hail and dust, and winter snow and ice gradually take a toll of even the best finish. How fre quently the finish should be re newed, is governed, by the rate at which it weathers away. Finishes vary considerably in this respect. The popular natural finishes need 10 0007-SWF-000005904 * rcncw.nl every \ear or two. ivains. ber that coating thickness can on the othef hand. arc very durable build up dangerously if paint is ap- and should not need to be renewed plied too frequently, with resulting in less then * years. There is con* abnormal behavior that spells trou sidcrable variation, among (Mints, ble and postibly costly removal of also, but the type* most commonly old (Mint by blowtorch or paint and used on houtie siding weather away varnish remorer. at fairly uniform rates, so that del* Assume the first 3-coat paint job mite rrpitiwing schedules are prac was 4>'s to & mils thick. .Vs a rule, tical. nt least 4 years are required to wear Penetrating natural finishes are away enough sine-containing easy to renew. Fresh finish is sim mixed-pigment paint to make room ply applied when the old finish ap for 1 coat of new paint applied at pears to need it. .Vs with the first *30 to 700 tnuare feet-per gallon, finishing job. any excess of sealer or and 3 years for i coats applied at oil should be wiped olf. so that for 700 to 50 square feet each. White mation of a surface coat is pre lead paint wean away about half vented. again as fast as the sinc-containing Natural finishes that leave a sur paints. The sine-free, mixed-pig face film are more troublesome to ment paints are more like the other maintain than thoee which pene mixed-pigment paints than purs trate the wood. Difllculties arise white lead in wearing rate. Dark- mainly because the finish on certain color paints, including iron oxide areas of a wall, such as thoee under paints, wear away moat slowly of roof overhangs, remains in good alL condition longer than that on ex The wearing rate pretty well tells posed wall areas. It is recom what to do: 1 coat not onsner dun mended, therefore, that only the every 4 or 5 years, or i'coats not more weather-beaten areas be re oftener than every 3 years, for white newed. This is sometimes difficult, and tinted paints. One cost every e because these finishes are not easily years is enough for dark-color blended over worn and unworn paints. areas to give a uniform appearance. In repainting, good practice is to If. on the other hand, the protected use the asms typo of paint origi areas are renewed u frequently as. nally appliod on thsThonso A the unprotected ones, iicsssively cliango to a diderent typo of paint . thick coatings will bt built up and may result {n early faliurrthmugh will require ce}y rsmoval later. Stain finMiss can be renewed without difficulty when their ap incompatibility. If, thtrefon, a paint lias given satisfactory service, it should be used in repainting. If a paint has given trouble, s change pearance indicatea the need for to s different type may be advisable. renewal. Even then, it best to wait at least. .Vs already pointed out. a paint 4 yean after the last repaint job maintenance program it determined befon making such a dungs. by the kind of paint used in tht first Whan color schemes are dunged, job. The baste rule is, paint only a couplt of simple rules should be after most of the old paint film has followed. The beet practice is al weathered away. Atwaya remem ways to use essentially tha asm# 11 0007-SWP-000005905 I . paint for repainting that was orig be maintained. ltow*v*r. this mav inally applied on the house. If not always be practicable. If. for whit* lend point was used, a change example, the original paint job from white to a tint may be made wears away in 9 years to the extent by adding colors-in-oil. However, that appreciable areas of tiding are colors-in-oil should never be added laid bare--as frequently happen* to white mixed-pigment points. If with scanty 2-coat jobs--the owner Mich a paint lm. been used and a tint will understandably want to repaint is desind. purchase the tinting-bee at that time. This can be done with paint made by the same manufae- iea*onable .safety because the orig turer fur this purpose. A change inal paint film was in all likelihood from a white or light-color paint to too thin to Mart with. All loote a dark-color paint mar hit made paint should be removed with a without too much risk of failure, temper and wire brush, tlie bare but a white or light-color paint areas should be spot primed, and should never be applied over a dark- then l coat of topcoat paint applied color paint. overall Thereafter, the more ex Different paints, naturally, wear tended repaint schedule should be differently--and show wear differ resumed. ently. Painta that do not contain ainc oxide, such as white lead paint Finish Troubles and the titanium-lead paints, nor mally begin to develop fine fissures, Paint troubles arise from various called checks, in a year or two. causes. Meet common are vapor These slowly multiply and deepen, troubles in tightly built, insulated I eventually reaching the wood, and houses lacking vapor barriers; rain I the old paint crumbles away. More or other water that gets behind sid over. in a rear or so some of these ing: improper first priming of wood paints will soil quite noticeably. with wide summerwood bands: re Later on. as the paint chalks and painting too soon: or use of e dif begins to crumble, the dirt will dis ferent type of paint in repaint jobs. appear: or. the surfaces can be Evidence of paint trouble usually washed with water and a cleansing comes in the form of excessively fast agent sold by paint dealers. wearing away of the paint, as blis Paints containing sine oside wear quite differently. They begin to crack through to the wood Ta oc casional spots daring the second or early to tho third year, meantime tering followed by peeling, or as premature or excessive cracking, curling, snd sealing.. Once trouble has set in, the best course is to go slow. Premature re painting to cover up unsightly having developed chalky surfaces paint failure in the long run only that dull their luster. As time goes makes matters wone. fits coating on, more ends open, they widen will he built to dangerous thick and lengthen, and the paint around nesses on places where paint didn't them earls hack snd flakes off. come off. intimately, the coating Such normal paint behavior is will get too thick, and an abnor best taken in stride. If possible, s mality known-as cross-grain, crack repaint schedule of 1 coat every 4 ing will set in. Once that happens, or 5 years or 2 coats every 6 should there is no recourse except remov. It 0007-SWP-000005906 I mwc now* y.--w inf all paint down to th bar* wood and starting ortr. llefor* onjr repainting it don*, th* probable eaus* of th* troabl* should b* ascertained. If it is du* to springtime blistering in th* colder northern States, a b*tt*r rapor bar* ri*r is probablg needed. This eon bs obtained by pointing the indoor sid* of th* exterior trails. Two coots of aluminum point plus 3 coots of dccorotit* point or* bast for send-ftnish -plaster. On smooch plaster, a primer and sealer and 1 S --ThH| 1*9, nmm aa Ml |*M I* Md iMtof Mm nfmUtlinf. MaMMWftBMt (MiMh* 13 0007-SW-000005907 coat of decorative paint male* a good barrier. For gypsum board, 2 coats ofrubber-base paint appear to be effective. Shutting off humidi tiers will also help. Where the trouble is due to water that gets inside the waits from the roof, leaks should be found and the gutters examined and rehung lower if nevenry. especially if the trou ble is due to ice damming (fig. 7). If the gutters overflow during heavy rains, additional downspouts may be needed or the gutters may need to ba pitched more. If water is getting through the joints of tlie siding, the lap and butt joints should be treated with water-repel lent preservative (fig. 8) before repainting; this tyj* of solution is highly penetrating ami cree]* well into the joints to seal them against future inromU of rainwater. Whatever the cause, it *hukl l* found ami corrected larfure the honse is riiitrd. Then the re paint job should markedly reduce future recurrences of abnormal paint behavior. ., tMMMMIMMMMI IMS 0007-SW-000005908 I