Document rpdO1wGYrOZLY4Y4dQxEQda5E

Price of Fuel Miles Per Year Miles per Gallon Start End 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Assumes: 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 8,887g of Carbon Dioxide per gallon of gaoline 13,476 miles per year driven on average* *https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/onh00/bar8.htm $2.50 dollars per gallon 13,476 miles Annual Fuel Fuel Per Year Saved Gallons Start End 1348 898 449 898 674 225 674 539 135 539 449 90 449 385 64 385 337 48 337 299 37 299 270 30 270 245 25 245 225 20 225 207 17 207 193 15 M PG Diminishing Returns of Carbon Saved 4.50 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00001 Carbon Dioxide Saved, f\ Fuel Economy Improvement, MPG Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00002 Annual Metric Tons of C02 Annual saved, Savings, Grams $ 3.99 1123.00 10 to 15 2.00 561.50 15 to 20 1.20 336.90 20 to 25 0.80 224.60 25 to 30 0.57 160.43 30 to 35 0.43 120.32 35 to 40 0.33 93.58 40 to 45 0.27 74.87 45 to 50 0.22 61.25 50 to 55 0.18 51.05 55 to 60 0.15 43.19 60 to 65 0.13 37.02 65 to 70 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA 500 450 400 re > 350 S' 300 5 Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00003 Fuel Saved, Gaii< SO to 55 55 to 60 60 to 65 65 to 70 100 0 10 to 15 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Fuel Economy Improvement,. MPG Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00004 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00005 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00006 Just the first 5 Values-----> 500 >I I col/5 75 ID > 3 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA MPG Diminishing Returns of Fuel Saved Fuel Economy Improvement; MPG Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00007 MPG Diminishing Returns of Dollars Saved 1200 30 to 35 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 25 25 to 30 Fuel economy Improvement, MPG 30 to 35 MPG Diminishing Returns of Carbon Saved 4.50 ............................................................................................................ <u Q. vcoO; 5a* > *y "O x0 a c; 1 <3 Foe! Economy Improvement, MPG Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00008 Simple Model Gas Price, $ per Gallon Miles Driven Per Year Fuel Economy Car 1, mpg Fuel Economy Car 2, higher than 1 Savings per year Savings per month Savings per day Using Industry Cost and Tech Effectiveness to go from 30 to 35.2 mpg at the cost of 995$ Gas Price, $ per Gallon Miles Driven Per Year Fuel Economy Car 1, mpg Fuel Economy Car 2, higher than 1 Initial Cost Increase for technology Interest Rate 5 year loan monthly payment increase due to tech * Savings per year, 1st 5 years Savings per month Savings per day Savings per year, after loan is paid Savings per month, after loan is paid Savings per day, after loan is paid * - Bankrate.com Using NHTSA Cost and Tech Effectiveness to go from 30 to 36.17 mpg at the cost of 480$ Gas Price, $ per Gallon Miles Driven Per Year 2.5 15000 30 35.2 $184.66 $15.39 $0.51 Enter Inputs Assuming Added Technology Cost is Zero 2.5 12.000 30 35.2 Enter Inputs $995.00 3% See table $ 17.88 -$66.83 -$5.57 -$0.18 $147.73 $12.31 $0.40 Bankrate.com Assuming Industry Costs with 5 year loan After Loan is paid off 2.5 12000 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00009 Fuel Economy Car 1, mpg Fuel Economy Car 2, higher than 1 Initial Cost Increase for technology Interest Rate 5 year loan monthly payment increase due to tech * Savings per year, 1st 5 years Savings per month Savings per day Savings per year, after loan is paid Savings per month, after loan is paid Savings per day, after loan is paid I* - Bankrate.com 30 36.17 L . I 1 LC T I 11 i p u t o $480.00 3% See Table $ 8.62 $67.14 $5.60 $0.18 $170.58 $14.22 $0.47 Bankrate.com Assuming NHTSA Costs After Loan is paid off Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00010 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00011 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00012 Large car Base FE NHTSA CAR % Improvement NHTSA CAR Added Cost NHTS A CAR New FE NNTSA CAR 30.00 30.00 4.80% 2.20% 149 152 31.44 30.66 Base Engine Cumm Cost T e ch n o lo g y NNTS A CAR C o lu m n (A) Increm ental E n g in e Tech n ology C o lum n (B) 149 152 V6 PFI DOHC Fixed V alve V6 PFI DOHC Fixed V alve w ith EFR-LU B 31.44 32.32 30.66 5.40% 5.40% 146 161 32.31564 32.31564 32.32 3.90% 1.50% 168 240 33.57594996 32.8003746 295 313 V6 PFI DOHC Fixed V alve w ith EFR-LU B V6 PFI V ariab le Valve Tim ing (DCP) 463 553 V6 PFI V6 PFI V ariab le Valve V ariab le Valve Tim ing Lift (D iscrete) Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00013 33.58 33.29 36.17 36.50 32.80 1.50% 2.30% 290 257 33.29238022 33.55478322 33.55 7.80% 4.90% -455 32 36.17205631 35.19896759 35.20 3.70% 1.80% 182 153 36.50132939 35.83254901 753 298 480 810 V6 PFI V ariab le V alve V6 G aso lin e Lift (w '/ D ire c t C y lin d e r In je c tio n Deact) V6 GDI 842 14 T u r b o 18 bar w ith cylin der reduction and DOHC 14 T u r b o 14 14 T u r b o 18 T u r b o 2 4 b a r bar w /cvlin der w /50% re d u c tio n 995 dow nsizing (Level 2) 35.83 3.50% 1.40% 212 191 37.08668823 36.3342047 14 T u r b o 2 4 692 1186 bar 14 T u r b o 2 4 bar w ith CEGR Small Car Base FE % Added Cost NHTS New FE Cumm Cost NNTS NHTSA CAR NHTSA CAR A CAR NNTSA CAR A CAR 30.00 30.00 4.60% 2.10% 102 112 31.38 30.63 102 112 31.38 30.63 5.10% 3.20% 68 85 32.19213 31.61016 170 197 32.19 31.61 3.60% 1.60% 116 164 32.74812576 32.11592256 286 361 32.75 32.12 1.50% 2.10% 182 207 32.5976614 32.79035693 468 568 32.60 32.79 8.30% 8.70% 288 378 35.51195656 35.64311799 756 946 Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA Tier 5 ED 002061 00082380-00014