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5 > American Armada Supplies Mo-l deva-tating in.-trument of deslruclion f''-r devised. battleship of the Imvj ii.i" rate- upward of 200.000 nii. pin- ln.oun.kw *J<-fjri;if .mxiliarie- Allied Armies Twin-screw turbine-electric troopships need two of these 3500-hp packaged, condensing power units, 4800 rpm at 80 cycles. A'<icf-U'/*S pAofu bif Xurman ttcy 9 U, S. \Vivy now has more installed horsepoicer than all land plants within the country; land, soa and amphibious fighting power depends on supplies brought by cargo ships and tankers of merchant fleet and Navy fleet train him. rut land power-plant pm. :nm to the hone hi 1<)42 seemed a! the mu' to involve a considerable lisk of vine-power shortage, Foriunatelv. ijlm); win-. |iatehes ,m<| general good ii'k haw- held, aixl the several million ilowatts nf turbine- and other power mt|nu-!il that would have iveen bought 5 insurance against home trouble a:e Hi* contributing directly to military ,,(f' ift the Navy, it- supply train ami tin* globe.girdling merchant marine. Wailinm dcxcliipmcnl- in ship pro pulsion can he expected to bring hand'"ini' dividend- to stationary power <>peratojs m years to come. Specificallv, -- I ** I is toward in.i-s produetion of tur bine-. boilers and <iie>el engines have aet-onipli-heii a certain amount of slandaidi/ation which will have a limited but definite effect on land plants, Furthermore. le-ejyvU in metals, design and t/K ,c^ more than 15 Essex-class carriers has four of these Westtngbouse cross[ f>onnd geared turbines with astern blading capable of high speeds in combat manufacturing processes itas advanced at an accelerated pace with results al ready visible that mean better land power equipment for less money. To review progress briefly, note that the Navy now lias more horsepower afloat than all combined utility, govern ment, municipal and industrial plants in tlie country. More than half the^ Navy fmwer is accounted for by internalcombustion engines but larger skips are steam-turbine or turbine-electric drive except certain smaller aircraft carriers that are reciprocating steam driven. Battleships of the Iowa class have high-pressure feven by stationary-plant standards) steam turbines aggregating more than 200,000 hp in four geared units ami 10.000 kw of auxiliary power in eight turbine-generator sets. Cruisers and aircraft carriers account for a large number of only slightly smaller turbine sets., (le.neral Electric alone produced^ more than 7,800,000 hp in main propul sion turbines of all classes in 1944 and tliis was only 10% above the 1943 figure. Details of Navy special-purpose craft such as the LST and LSM, as well as supply and troopships, are still re stricted, hut already some indications of newly developed equipment and ar rangements have been released. For example, a 3500-hp packaged power plant by Westinghouse for turbineelectric troopships is complete with joWR . M3rch, 1945 = PLAINTIFF'S I| G.EXHIB-I3T f '.177] 93 *,,> tin. M,W.iu>oc ruas{^ t<*u naron mm mxr;^ . / **|7UVTufttftCACrltTO*^' ao* ** i*w. '*e mjf* *6>U*<* . Mimc f0* ** '' .ls* tmo pmtcm * -*** M mm.y ^UeU COVFVMrt Section of model of General Electric 6000-hp set for Vic* lory ship; port-side view shows low-pressure and astern tur(lines condenser, low-pressure side of pear trains anti auxiliaries Enpine-room view of 8500-hp genred-turbine set, such as in stalled on- some of the Victory ships. High-pressure turbine i, at left, low-pressure is at right auxiliaries when shipped from the fac tory, and General Electric reports higher interrupting capacity and shock proofness for certain types of circuit breakers developed for Navy. The merchant-ship program, at the end of 1914, included some 2500 Liberty ships, more than 400 "C" type vessels, about 500 oceangoing and coastal tank ers, and approximately 10O Victory ships. These, together with a number of special-purpose craft aggregate 50 million tons, four times that of otir pre war llect and perhaps two thirds of all tonnage afloat in the world. According to Vice-Admiral Emory Land. Chairman of Maritime Cnmmi-sion, this country will have alt the ele ments needed to restore its eminence aa maritime nation after the war emer gency lias passed. He believes that we can find u<c for 15 to 20 million dead weight tons of the merchant licet for peacetime trade including coastwise, lake and other domestic transportation. This licet would include most of the turbine and diesel vessels leaving the Liberty ships.to he disposed of or main tained as a reserve fleet. Except for the Liberty ships, which were admittcdlv designed for war needs alone, practically all other vessel? can hold their own in commercial cargo service. The Victory type, for example, docs 161/!: knots compared to the Lib erty's 31 limit. Using 440-pfi 740-F steam, the Victory 6000-hp (VC2-SAl2t and PAOG.hp (VC2-S-AP3) pro. fuihirtfi units are competitive in off). cienev with other steam-driven vessels and afford a cruising range of 20.000 miles. The 6000-hp unit represents a coordi nated design of turbine manufacturers that any turbine and any gear can be installed in the hull of any ship with nnlv minor differences in bolting. Prin cipal shipyard piping connection- are at the same locations. The 3500-rpm high-pres-urr turbine has live stages while the -1000-rpm lowpressure rotor mounts live ahead stageand two astern disks with a double-row impulse on the first disk. Condenser is suspended from the low-pressure cas ing exhaust flange with suitable bracing to prevent side sway. Double-reduction gear turns propeller shaft at 100 rpm. Last hut not least in interest to sta tionary power operators is the history of four 30.000-kw floating power plants originally intended a emergency hack- HEAVY SNOWFALL MAY MEAN FLOODS This winter's abnormal snows forecast potential flood trouble in many sections of the country. Power engineers in these areas undoubtedly are aware of the situation and are taking steps to avoid flood damage wher- eveV possible and, where it can't be avoided, are planning how to restore full service as quickly as possible after flood waters recede. ' ' If you need information on reconditioning flooded power equipment, just drop a line to Power. We will be glad to send you our own data sheets on drying-out procedures and to refer vou to other sonrecs. np for American power systems. Two of these have been converted for SOcycle operation and have been in ue bv the Army in the European theater for some weeks. A third is now undergoing nccosarv modifications for similar use. The fourth of these power barges, ac tually the first completed, served to Vicksburg.. Miss., to help alle\i,iir a; tight local power situation, then was tied in with Gulf Power Co system at Pensacola, Fla., where it ha- served for the past year. It will soon proceed to Jacksonville. Fla., to help carry the municipal system load pending m-tallalion of new boiler equipment. For foreign service, where 50 eyclff is -tandard frequency, a 50-tn-60-cyde frequency changer is added to drive auxiliaries while the main unit i- -lwfJ down to 50 cycles. In addition, turbine blading in the la-t stage is rf.i 1 ranged for the slower speed. The hulls require minor strengthening for the ocean crossing as well as the addition , of a bow, rudders, steering engine, light gun mounts, refrigeration, an additional evaptyator, pilot hou. compartments for more crew and .1 :d bay. For operation in thi- country, riiof plants, cost about S100 per kw and in quire 20-to-25 men for 3-shift operation Modifications for overseas duty repre sent an additional cost and a crew 0! 65 men is required including miliitf personnel. Two have been towed over seas at about nine knots and provd seaworthy. Combined activity in improved `hif propulsion machinery and such wsrborn developments as these floatisf power units can be expected to be enduring benefit to stationarv power| operators in postwar years. Cl-A -hip <i 412-ft weight `team 94 (178) POWER Ma'cb POV, PRINCIPAL SHIP TYPES Of World's Greatest Merchant Fleet t These basic designs of V. S. Maritime Commission were planned in detail before ue petered `shooting' tear. Orig I inal program has been modi fied to suit, varying needs Cl-A Ofijil Smallest of three original lii|) <l<-- r^is for general cargo purpo-r*. 112-ft length, 00-ft beam, Tilt) torn dead weight. Propulsion: 4000 shaft hp hv team Inrhine or diesel C3 (second from top l--lligge.st ami faste-t of original trio. the.-e ships will have :t permanent place in America's merchant marine, 492-ft length,, ?0.ft beam. 12.929 I'm, dead weight. Propulsion: 8500 shp In `team turbine l' S Moiilintt i'ntnxix'i< phot, r. \*~ -iiUi: .mi li LC2 ftibovn)--Work horse of World War II, well-known Liberty ship developed from original C2 designs for mass pro duction; 442-ft length, 57-ft beam, 10,800 ions dead weight. Propulsion: 2!>00 shp by reciprocating steam engine (M f/e//^ --Maeliinery installation at stern features newot vessel of cargtf fleet. .p23-ft length. 72-ft beam. 14,600 ions dead weight, and I.'.0(111 miles cruising ratlins. Propulsion: 9000 >hp by `team turbine POWER March, 1945 (Continued on [Mgr `Oil (179} 95 MERCHANT FLEET {Continued from l>(tge lJ3.1 These arc good ships, good enough to hold their own in peacetime trade after emer gency wartime demands have been met. Tills time let's keep our merchant marine etl t s l 98 (ISO) t. TUI Model (above) of steam-turbine gear set for Victory ship comprising high- ami low-pressure turbines, gear housing, con denser, turning gear ami all ordiunrv auxiliaries. Units of all manufacturerfit all Vietorv hulls T2 Tattker had In he turbine-electric drive because gear shops couldn't make enough for all. hut that has been no han dicap; r>2Ut length, 68-ft beam. 30-ft draft, Ifi.Tfn totts dead weight. Slip fiftllf) bv turbine-electric drive the of < all; icc ter tip 1 tin tic; Plihi 1 Cf-Vi: *!' tra to: ba in; K' e Cm V.c Sfa JX- fin \ <ill--Victory type takes iiirT- where Lib erty leaves off. prndiielion-linc built inn fa-ter. Length I.'.' ft. beam fi2 ft, lfl.ll.Vl ton- dead weight. Some have fiOOfl-shp standardized geared-inrliine drive, olherfSalKt -bp unit- bn: tin- At: Sla JO iTh' ht lite Ml: Uic P-tbv (il-.M-AN I Small cargo -hip of recent de. -ign. Length ft. be...... r.tt ft. '<>" dead-weight tons. Propulsion; die-el iron -bp. Lxperimental gas turbine lia- been ordered for a single -hip of till- t' ]> V ICnir V ion POWER March. 19-15