Document rpYeQD2yoEbXw6j4Y27q9RB60

Lead Flashings Provide Permanent Rainproofing for Library Building HE failure of a metal roof flashing Tis one of the most troublesome and flexibility, can be easily worked to fit. tight against the supporting structure, expensive calamities that can overthe owners and the architects in take a building superintendent. It ex charge of the repair work were con poses the inner finish and the contents vinced that it would provide the per- Construction at rear where cornice is replaced by a brick ledge, is similar to jront. This neu shows completed flashing back of parapet. Delail showing installation anil joint ing at lead sheets. At right, detail of pediment backwall. manence which thev were seeking. The architects. Jagow and Heidel- berger of Hempstead, Long Island, decided that the best procedure would be to remove the parapet walls and install through-wall flashings all around. Thev specified 4 lb. antimonial sheet lead to cover the cornice and extend up to the flashing level. Another sheet of the same material laps over this upstand. extends through the wall and covers the base of the building to damage and it de fies temporarv expedients and emer gence repairs. Consequentlv. when permanent repairs are undertaken the replacement material is usually chosen with careful consideration for its re sistance to the destructive element which caused the oiiginal failure. Such was the case when it became necessarv to execute repairs and in stall new flashings on the roof of the librarv building of the \ illage of Lvnbrook. Long Island. The original flashings which had been in place for about twenty years were severely damaged bv corrosion. Also, because of the comparative stiffness and springiness of the metal thev had not fitted closelv to lhe roof and masonry. Since lead is highly resistant to cor rosion and since lead, because of its U all bach of pediment is completely covered with sheet lead supported b) dents set into horizontal joint. --2-- L IA25924 flashing to the roof. The parapet wall was rebuilt with one course of brick covering the sheet lead upstand on the exterior face of the wall. The vertical face of the w all back of the central pediment was covered w ith lead w hich was joined to the lead coping on the sloped cornice with lock seam joints. Supporting cleats in serted in a horizontal joint in the ver tical sheet were nailed to a wood strip securely imbedded in the masonry. The entire lead installation was made without solder. All joints were loose locked and filled w ith non-hard ening roofers calking compound. Where the lead is in contact with masonry it was coated with asphalt paint to protect it from the action of the free lime in the mortar until set ting w as complete. The sheet lead work was done by the J. J. Fisher Co.. Inc., of Brooklvn. New A ork. sheet melal contractors for Monnile & Co. of Long Island City. New Nork. general contractors. The new installation of lead pro vides the building with a double pro tection against destruction of the flashings by corrosion. In the first place the metal itself is highly cor rosion resistant and in the second place, the thickness of lead which is greater than other metals used for flashings, offers greater resistance to penetration. The new flashings can be expected to provide full protection for manv Years to come. Lead Die Cast Parts in Fire Extinguishers HE use of die casting in the fab the in and out strokes of the plunger. Trication of nonferrous metals is There are two principle advantages rapidlv becoming one of the majorin using lead for these valve housings. processes of manufacturing. As was The first is in insuring the unfailing the case with welding, lead has been operation of the pump, the second is a pioneering material for die casting. resistance to corrosion. The unit A simple bullet mold is. in effect, a shown in the illustration is suspended die casting tool, although the force inside the body of the extinguisher so used to fill the mold is gravity only. that it is free to rotate on the dis Modern pressure-operated die cast ing machines can make castings of surprising intricacv and great accuracv and lead together with its alloys is one of the commonlv used metals in their operation. Illustrated herewith is the working charge tube. Intake ports are located on the periphery of the castings so that thev will be immersed in the fluid as long as anv remains in the con tainer. The weight of the lead cast ings assists in insuring that the intake ports will be at the bottom with the barrel of a hand operated pump tvpe fire extinguisher. The cylinder, tubes, rod and plunger are of brass, but the valve housings at either end are die cast of lead. What the picture cannot show is the inner ports and passages connecting the c\ linder and the by pass tube, nor the accurate valve seat for a bronze ball check which makes the pump operate. In the manufac turing process, this ball is inserted through an opening provided and this opening is sealed with a lead plug, also die cast, which is secured by swaging the rim of the opening over it. The two castings are nearly iden tical and the pump operates on both extinguisher in a horizontal position. Normally there is no corrosion problem inside the extinguisher since the fluid which has a carbon tetrachlo ride base has little if any tendency to react with metals. However, since a fire extinguisher must be readv to function without delay after long periods of inactivity or even neglect, the stability of lead tends to insure the free and effective operation of the ball check valves on the first opera tion of the plunger. The manufacturer of this fire ex tinguisher, the General Detroit Corp. of Detroit. Mich.. also ur-e die cast lead nozzles on their foam type and pump tank type and on regulation soda-acid type fire extinguishers. LIA25925 m Lead Structures In A Byproduct Sulphuric Acid Plant .\ the plant of any chemical indus I try where lead is used as a con Some of the most interesting units are the "Mist Cottrells'' or electrical struction material there will be a va precipitators which receive the wet riety of structural practices and appli gas from the scrubber-cooler towers cation techniques suited to the various and remove from it part of its sul conditions to which the lead will be phuric acid content. In appearance exposed. Such a plant showing several these units are huge lead cylinders methods of application of chemical about 12 ft. in diameter and 28 ft. lead is the sulphur dioxide purifica high with the upper midsection cut tion plant operated in connection with away and replaced with a forest of a zinc smelter at Josephtown, Pa. 10 in. diameter lead tubes. Actually The plant receives hot sulphurous gases driven off from the zinc ore in the roasting plant and converts them into sulphuric acid, which is an im portant by-product of the plant. Since chemical lead is highly resistant to corrosion by sulphur compounds it is a desirable material for use with these there is an upper and a lower cham ber. Through the center of each tube runs a star shaped lead-covered steel rod held in place at top and bottom in a lead covered steel grid insulated electrically from the body of the unit. An electrical potential of 60,000 to 70.000 v. D.C. is maintained between gases. Most of the units in this plant the rods and tubes and this causes the are constructed entirely or in part of particles of mist to become charged lead supported on suitable structures and attracted to the walls of the tubes. of steel or concrete. Here they collect as liquid sulphuric Cottrell separator under construction skowing cylindrical lead section > and connecting lead tubes. General view of Cottrell separators showing steel strapped sheet lead ductwork. acid and flow down into the lower chamber. The cylindrical chambers are of 10-lb. sheet lead supported on a steel structure by 4-in. steel hands at 12 in. intervals vertically which are in turn bolted to vertical steel angles. Each band is entirely coxered b\ a sheet of lead welded continuously to the sheet lead body of the cylinder. This is a very commonly used tvpe of construc tion for large and small lead ves-els not subject to appreciable prev-ure? or heads. It provides ample support for the weight of the lead and ade- Close up of cylindrical chamber showing lead covering o/ sted bands. --4 LI*25926 quale protection for the steel supports. A steel grid at the level of the top ends of the tubes provides support for this section of the unit. The ex posure of part of the length of the tubes provides a certain amount of additional cooling effect on the tran sient gases. The chemical lead in these "Mist Cottrells" has been exposed to contact with dilute sulphuric acid vapors and liquids at temperatures of 77c to 104 F. since their construction 17 years ago but shows evidence of only negligible corrosion. Other chemical lead units in the plant under the same or slightly different exposures have stood up equally veil. In future issues some of these other units will be discussed and their construction de scribed for comparison of methods and practices in the use and applica tion of lead to chemical industry equipment. Use of Lead Soil Lines Saves Space toilet at the new floor level. In the Omaha job the installation of a com And Reduces Construction Costs plete new toilet required raising the floor only a single easy step. In the San Antonio job the use of lead soil SIDE from the well known attri- new construction in all of which the Ak butes of durability and flexibility vertical space required for the install which are the principle reasons for itsation of horizontal soil lines was held lines allowed the installation of wall hung closets at proper height from the floor without appreciable reduc requirements in so many plumbing to an absolute minimum by the use tion of the effective depth of the floor codes, lead possesses an additional of lead pipe. slab. advantage which makes it especially In the Springfield. 111. job where This space saving bv means of the desirable for use on remodeling or the general floor level was raised use of lead can usuallv be accom alteration jobs. That is its relatively slightly, the use of a lead soil line plished at no increase in construction small outside diameter and the ab permitted the installation of a new sence of space consuming hubs and (Continued on page 8) flanges at connections. In many cases where space is at a premium, the sub Lead soil pipes in Ritz Theatre remodeling in Omaha, Neb., simplify floor construction problems. stitution of lead for other materials will allow the installation of new plumbing without the necessity of raising floors or furring ceilings. 1 The accompanving illustrations show two remodeling jobs and one Below. lend soil line in Springfield, III., dress shop. Below, right, lead soil lines in San Antonio, 1 Tex., warehouse toilets. \ !i. ( * A L IA25927 ] i i I i i i: ii ;i x Portfolio of American This scholarly restoration of an old house at the end of Stoll's Alley, near the waterfront fol lows the tradition of early builders in the use of pure white lead paint. No. 4! Old Mansions In Charleston, South Carolina HE city of Charleston. South Caro Charlestonians early became aware Tlina. might be called a paradise of the importance of their buildings for the student of early Americanand take a great pride in preserving architecture. The southern end of them for their own enjoyment as well "White Point-' as the site of the city as for the pleasure of the interested was originally known is dotted so tourist. Though there is a sizeable thickly with notable buildings that percentage of masonry construction hardly a block fails to contain at least many of the finest of Charleston's ar one and most blocks are the sites of chitectural landmarks are of wood several. and manv of them owe their excellent state of preservation in part to pure white lead paint. In addition to providing excellent protection to the exterior siding and wood trim, pure white lead paint maintains the clean surface whiteness that i so effective in contrast to the gloomy dark greens of the broad leaf evergreens which thrive in the sub tropical climate. THIS IS NO. 41 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MAST AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH TIRE WHITE LEAD AND-OIL PAINT MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS 6-- -- LIA25928 Hot Dip Lead Alloy Coatings Applicable To Various Metals OT dip lead alius coating is not H limited in application to steel nor in usefulness to corrosion protec tion. Lead coatings may be applied to cast iron and brass for various pur poses. Two of the items shown in the accompanying illustrations have lead coatings which greatlv facilitate their attachment to fabricated assemblies In soldering. The cast iron spout is a part of a radiator for an internal combustion engine. It is attached at one end to the radiator shell bv a sweat joint re inforced by rivets. The lead coating, already heat bonded to the cast iron, performs the same function as would a preliminary "tinning" on the sur face to be soldered. Thus the lead coating prov ides an all over corrosion protection and at the same time in creases the efficiency of the joint. However, the principal field of lead The gas meter attachment part is a allov coatings is on steel as a corro brass casting which is attached by sion resistant covering. Thev are es soldering to the meter body. In this pecially useful on those steel items case also the lead coating performs w hich usually carry a decorative coat the function of a preliminary tinning ing of paint. The lead coating takes and provides a surface to which paint and holds paint well and provides an or enamel will adhere as well. extra measure of protection against the atmosphere and moisture. Where difficulty of access makes maintenance painting impossible a lead alloy coat ing under the paint applied during in stallation will supply a far greater degree of protection than paint alone. Hot dip lead coatings are being ap plied commercially to a great variety of steel items such as hardware, bolts, springs and metal baskets used in metal cleaning and plating operations. .Noticeable features of such objects are the thorough penetration rather than the bridging over of joints and crevices as well as the cleanness and sharpness of threaded portions render ing chasing or retapping unnecessary. Extruded Lead Cap Strip Protects Masonry Joints from Weather LR1NG the recent rennovating D operations from which the New cap which, when properly applied, will cover and seal these open joints Xork Public Library emerged, onceand thus provide protection against moie, a white marble building, a leakage and frost. thorough job of waterproofing and calking was done at all points where water might damage the stone. This material known as "Weathercap'' is in the form of an extruded lead strip of T shaped cross section Of course, the most vulnerable which can be cut or mitered with point in this respect is the transverse ordinary tools and formed to fit accu joints in the coping stones. Various rately the contours of any mouldings devices have been tried by the many or carving which it may traverse. builders who have been harassed by Being of lead it will not produce any this problem but until recently no soluble corrosion products to discolor method has proved to be both secure the stone. In fact the usual tendency and permanent. However, there has of lead exposed to the weather is to been available for several years a lead carbonate and form a thin white or light grey film on the surface. Thus it becomes almost invisible after a short period of time. The installation procedure for Weathercap is quite simple. The mor tar joints are raked out to a depth slightly greater than the length of the stem of the T and filled with a non hardening compound. The lead strip, cut to length and formed to con form to the shape of the stone is pressed firmly into place and the ex cess compound is removed with a stiff brush. The lead cap performs two functions. It turns the drive of rain and sleet and in fair weather it pro tects the calking compound from the direct rays of the sun. Several properties of lead make it especially suitable for use in this par ticular building specialty although in LIA25929 The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association. 420 Lexington Avenue. New York 17. N. Y. PROPF.RTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 pace booklet on the protective value, durability and henutv of pure white lead paint with quantity e-nmatins table*, formulas and mixing and tintinc in-truction- for exterior and interior use. RED LEAD FOR STRI CTl'RAL W ORK Il> Dr. L. L. Carriek, Direetor. Rd Lead Re-eareli. Lead Industrie* Association \ diMU"i"n of the ru-l inhtiuhve qualities of red lead paint and the be-t means of making U> of thoe qualitif' for the protection of -iructural metal. RcpnntrJ from Eng.neenng Vu j Record, April 6, WAS. LEAD CARRIES ITS WEIGHT Itv Fred P. Peier* An interesting resume of many of the long estab lished U'0 of load plu- information on a number of recently dev-b'ped adaptations of the properties of lead to -penal purposes. Reprinted from Scien tific American. June. 1944. SOME PAINTING PROBLF.MS AND THE ANSW ER> Hv Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Fore-1' Product* Laboratory* Madison, W is. K.pnnted fi om the \>itfnal Real Estate Journal, 19;<b LEAD, A METAL OF MANY l SES IN TIIE HIE A I RE By J. I.eland Benson A di-cu-'ion <d the many way-, both utilitarian anil dri'ni atie. in whiih lead is or can be u-ed in the thratic. R< printed from Theatre Catalog 1945 Edi tion. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calk inu Lead, C94-41 Lead Pipe. Cs-95-41 Lead Trap- and Bends, CS96-4I Official publication- by the Government Printing OfIn e of the above Commercial Standards as promul gated bv the U. S. Department of Commerce through the National Bureau of Standards, effective June 25, 1941. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION WW-P-325 For Pipe, Bend* and Trap*. LEAD Part 5 of Section I\ of the Federal Standards Stock Catalog, official publication by the Govern ment Printing Office. STAMFORD'S DOI BLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analy-t- of hard lead flahing. white lead paint. lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle detail* and installation methods. Reprinted from American Builder, July. 1939. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, New* Editor, Metal* and Alloys A thorough di-cu--ion of hot dip and electroplated coating* on steel -heel, wire and fabricated prod ucts. Reprinted from the November, 1944 issue of Metals and Alloys, LEAD WELDING By Robert L. Ziegfetri and David M. Boreina A conci-e di-cu-ion of the process and methodof welding lead sheet and pipe with description* of tools and procedure. Include- brief historical noteand a li-t of commonly u-ed corrosive cbemicalwith notes on their reactivity with lead. LEAD X-RAY SHIELDING A graphic i hart adapted from American StandardA'-ociation Bulletin L 54.1 --1946 "Safety Code for the Indu-tnal L-e of X-Ray." to -how weights per -quare fool and thicknes-es in inches of commercial lead -heel- corre-ponding to metric dimensions in dicated on the original chart. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF X-RAY PROTECTION By George Singer, Acting Chief Radiation Section, National Bureau of Standard*, W'a-hinelon, D. C,, and George C. Lawr ence, Pli.D., National Research Council of Canada A di-cuiun of the materials suitable for use in -bidding X Ray in-tallation-. Reprinted from Industrial Radiography Vol. IV. No. 2. Fall, 1945. manv cases any one of them might make its adoption desirable. The malleability which makes the extru sion manufacturing process economi cal also contributes to the ease of shaping and fitting of the strip. Re sistance to corrosion is part of the reason for the absence of staining effect when exposed to the weather. Weathercap has been used for a number of vears and it has given ex cellent service on many well known buildings. It is made in angular cross section for stairs or parapets as well as T shaped for copings, cornices, etc. It is furnished by the Minwax Co. of Boston. Mass. (Continued from page i) costs. Actually the plumbing itself will probably cost no more than if done with conventional materials be cause there will be fewer joints to be made in the lead. This leaves what ever savings may accrue from absence of furring and blocking to he put into finishing and decorating. There need be no hesitation about the inaccessibility of such soil lines because lead, properly installed, can easily be expected to give satisfactorv service throughout the life of the building. I l`ON HEQl EST, THE LEAD INDISTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL UE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUK LEAD PROBLEMS LIA25930 PRINTED IN V. 5. A. PUBLISHERS PRINTING COM!' NEW YORK CITY