Document rpKoQ8V8VDKV4X8EgYrV73GXV

-i;.:Z:Aa~i, PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT >b NATIONAL1 G-400 SAFETY A G C- u ST 7^ V `i. 1933 National Safety News National Safely Council Officers. 1932-1933 Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. XXVIII. No. 2 CONTENTS for AUOI'ST. 1933 We Can't Advance Without Records--J. L. Yjndcgrift........................................ 9 What "Permissible" Means in Respiratory Protection--William /'. Yam ....11 Uncovering the Fire Hazard?--J. W. Just...............................................................13 Pays the Small Plan: Too-- Hubert L. Schmitt.......................................... 16 iiandling Material--A Real Problem for the Safety Man--/. A. I'urdy...........17 pacing the Future--M. A. Gitnbcl..........................................................................: 19 Mechanical Control of Occupational Disease--David S. Beyer..........................21 An Eye Saved--Stcu-art J. Oircn. Jr........................................................................ 23 Sound Objectives for the Vocational School--John A. McCarthy......................25 The Congress Reporter.................................................................................................27 fillion Children Ride in School Buses--Curtis Billings.............................. 29 Electric Shock and Burns Cause Much Lost Time.................................................36 Regular Departments i. 1.1* iM '*i.i;f:in; |}rt*rf*iN I*am 'j.'r.'v i:i*iuathin GhN Ha* >Aictv Uxchanuc bhluMrui Health . Hie HuIIiTiii Ibuftl . ' PiMcr* ot lhe Mini!*: s Tin* >jfcfv l.ihrjrr All 0*1111114; I'vi-ni\ PrfMouK . rl Wifli dtr MjnuUcmi 10 T)tv Huvitx' Servin' AJ -IS 4S ..Ml NS A' Cakaan T. Fish, Editor G- M. Bhiccs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw-, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager . * ryrisslu ]^.i3 by .VaUuiuil Safety C*uii*il. Ine. Printed In l\S.A. I'uldtrlied 1110*111*1 >. aa matter June I. IMI. al the |'wi tifileo tit `lintiim, III.. utoiVr the ~*'t "l Vimt'li Zt ]S7S. Additional etilrv al Si. Jierpli, ^lleh. TI*** t*uirer)|tion iiHcv to im-mbem f* mira of tin- .\\\TI*NAI. SAKKTY XKWS l* l*vr year. Single etipieK. 4i evuix. Knimiil quantity pri***** t`**r yearly j*nli^vri|- and riu^lc copie* on rM|oeet. ' ** >u!.*erjp(ionr are uvnllahlt* only (< inrmlery of Mir Xatioioii x.f**ty i**MiM,il. Member Audit Durcau of Circulation, ^hiK rnneazine la indexed In ih* Induetrial Arm Index. ' hiaterncntn and opinions ad%*:me*d In tdctied article* are to l*e of their author*, not ihoee of the National Safety founrtl or imlividunl National Safety Council. Ine. / f .*/#/#* .\ 4i .t J 1*411 wir mat \ * /**./ j It fit I ,\ 4.41. 1 -|i r144 f 20 Norlli W acker Drive, i iliica^o. I . >. A. New ^ ork. Office. 9 ha*l 41st Street Jami.n I. lUKA'ir. Prc-iidmt it4..i.mr I. Catijn, Vrr*Prc*iJfnt Public Safety J. f. Cri.i.iNKV. VIcrl*rr*idrn for for |*n,, cinrertne jlnwAan II. 1*oki*a, Vler-Pre^ident Membership 1.. T. IlrLLMtmc. YIee-Pre*tdent IbiAines* Administration for for JN II Ukc, VJce-Prenidciii hr Safety Council* com** II. XYjjtrtU \`irr-Pre<ud*ut for [nmniruil .Sairtr l*. Ca5*ivs IL Watson. Vice-president for Health AJ*rirr W. WitrrxKy. Virr-Presblrnt for ICduralinit Wiu. (jmtrr.m. Trmsurrr W. If. I.ockaox. Secrrl*ry nn.I Mait38m< nirrrtr Executive Committee Mi-mbor? at {.ar-i- J. I 0*nMlltif1 Knsillrer !*>* 'i (U.4.K. I'nil.-W M.iU-% Hul.|,.-r o. . W. II. i.oknmx. Managing Il'tfihT I. I Olt>. Tile .\'| M;i l.ilV lo'tir- anre I'.o. \Vi i. Tit** Steven* j'J. K. flmiNCV, flelftlehetit Steel * lif+'A** Imna. ICIevntrHl Hnilway IlWAat It. lUirroucii^-WrUromc A Gi. * l\ S. A.. lor. I Hi. Thomas W. iJtwuN/;, Superintendent of .Schools. Akron. Olio# JIamav CriuuaiT, Tlie Pullman Company 0. T. UP.I.SITM, Chicago North Short* A Milwaukee Hailrnod Cn. CtiAky^ II. lliu, Near York Central t.inA KIaroxn CJ.o.I^naiian, Kort Pitt Malleable Jomx E. I.onc. The Ih'iararr 4; Hudson llailnuMl l^trp, r.Kfmnc K. SAxmaa. firmer*! Klertrir Co. C w. Smiiii. MatNlanl fill G. i|nL* ASsuintrrarr M. Ti, G*oultinj: Marine Kn- r*'** jff \vwra, Inkut hu-iilr Svsieni 1 hi. Own * It. Wats*v. American Tele* liitooe A Telegrdnh (Vi. A.**r W. WnirxeT. Nalionnl Iturcau nf Casimlie and Sorrtv ftwirnfrUrr^ I. G-K. A. Uinjum-a. Yle Medical SHh| ! H**|iri*weii|j||^ Safely Omitteilt Wltl.HM K. .\kMHX. MiUnillie1. \Vi%. - r.uMn. York i1himi. |*a. i M. Kh mi. l->a*i*Mi. III. H. W. <3rvHaiHl 1 W. W. Mm k. IMnwarr I K. L VtimiK, SVw llnrnt. (Vmii, 1. II. Tnoo, llirmimttuiiia. Ala. Sceliims * . II. lU-eiJCT. Ihtblic irilliliest Kiink ||. (Vmux. Marine Tiimmu K. IjonThar, Mlnine J. J. ItxaIl. I'aper ami Pulp II. S. Sjiiui, ANSK-Kmcinrerina It. T. SflUAXTTJf, Aerbienl l*re%'ention V.i|iipmrtil Manufaelarrrx Past President? |I4*iit W. (VntmKM. Ahtucii T. Mookv H. pAJ.urji I Iavii* Van Soiaack * Mai^ii f. Himani' ('.iiAtn.cs P. Toijiax Artmi i II. Yot'KC Ma:vs A. Ik>m* |.i:wis A. lnlU.o*s iVhL It. A I'KI. ('11 amli-.s it. Scott Wll.TMi If. KlNC ihiMr.a M. Nirsi* I.t.-<'.4m.. ||i:mt A. IU.nin-4.mi r. KfWM I'lTTiaiXI . W. liiiu^risi Mmior^rv .McuiIut- Pi4m m W. (iAMmu. nr JaoN* A I l.v 4.1 Nil. aa *. ro t . t| L!*0 Stmt IIi.hik**'**- The Mechanical Control of Occupational Diseases By DAVID S. BEYER"- ' HE mechanical control of industrial Tdisease cannot be covered adequate ly in a single article; all we Both the engineer and the physician are needed in protect ing the health of the worker and the pocket hook of the .an he)*- t> do is to touch upon a lew employer. In this article Mr. Beyer presents the engineering ..i ilic important points encountered by plant managers who arc struggling side of the problem. In the June issue Ur. W. Irving Clark ,, .;:i : iii problem today. discussed it from the point of view.of tin* physician I'li. t.- arc some forty different diseases m liolult 'l in the compensation acts of various American states; in Massa W hen the subject of dust is mentioned I stops to figure how many 13-gram bot chusetts. Connecticut and several other most of us probably think of \isible par tles are contained in a ton of this dust, states there is no definite list of diseases ticles. In fact, much of the dust re its potentialities are appalling. The that are compensated, but these diseases moval work, even by companies special first need is to get rid of these unneces are considered as "personal injuries" izing along this line in the past, has sary accumulations, and then try to pre- imler the law and compensation is paid been directed at this form of dust. vencoheir recurrence. without any specific schedule of disease- Medical research has shown us. how- Many a plant manager will say, "Why Many of these diseases are of " cver. that the dust that is most danger go to all the trouble and expense neces frequent occurrence. Probably most of ous. through its deep inhalation into the sary to catch this dust when, in most us outside the medical profession have lungs, is so small that the individual par cases, it isn't worth an}-thing after it is never even heard of (onioma Kamassi" ticles are invisible and can only be seen caught?-' The answer is that it is belter iAfrican boxwood) on "miner's nystag by the naked eye if they are gathered in lo spend the money and effort in getting mus." which appear on some of the state a dense cloud, which may have the ap rid of the dust than to be overwhelmed lists. A half dozen of the more im- pearance of a gray fog. by occupational disease claims, as is the |fcir!am diseases, however, will proiublv We are told that the amount of dust case with many industrial concerns to . over ninety percent of the total pay- found in the lungs of miners wbo~Bave day. iikiH' i*-inc matte thrdughout industry died of silicosis is nlmut 13 grams', or In oik* section where there is a so- i'-r a;; industrial rliseases today. approximately half an ounce - about called "dusiy" trade employing only An analysis of approximately $300,000 enough to fill a ten-eem soda-mint bottle. about 2000 men on an annual basis, in losses of one insurance company doinc a general workmen's compensation and Microscopic. Menaces there have Ixvn 92 occupational disease claims during the latest available five- liability business, for recent industrial Some idea of the problem of collecting year period (6$ of them for death or disease claims, showed 54 per cent for such infinitestimal particles mar be had permanent total disability) with cortf^' " cases involving pneumoconiosis (includ when we further learn that these 13 bined losses of nearly $300,000. ing silicosis, asbestosis. etc) 26 per cent for lend poisoning, 9 per cent for various fmim-if dermatitis, 5 percent for benzol. :n<! the remaining 6 per cent for scatter- grams contain some 20 million million particles: many of them are. about the size of the tiny globules ofc tarry sub stance that make up rignret smoke, that In some industries the cost of indus trial disease is now four or five times that of all other industrial accidents combined. Many concerns that have m- uses such as carbon monoxide, is. about a hundred thousandth of an serious occupational disease hazards ex r.irfmn tetrachloride, chrome and chlor inch in diameter. If they were equipped tending over a perio3 of years find ine. with legs they could march fifty abreast themselves virtually uninsurable. be Ue will accordingly look at the sub through the hollow center of a human cause of the heavy liability for claims ject from the standpoint of these few im hair! that has been built up as the result of portant causes, bearing in mind that the So little has the seriousness of this past exposure. most important of all is covered bv the hazard been appreciated in the past that zcnernl heading of pneumoconiosis, or it is not uncommon to go into a plant A Matter of Self-Preservation divases .nused by dust. Of these dis- and find four or five tons of this fine It follows, therefore, that as a matter ilie most serious come from inhal- dust which has floated in the air and of self-preservation plants in these in \ n- 'ilii a found in sand, granite dust, settled on the rouf trusses and overhead dustries must start immediately a com -ihr.i-iv|M>uders. etc.I structures of the building. Here it may prehensive procram of improvement that lie dislodged by gusts of nir or vibra will at least check the development of I.1II *'*r"Vv' * l--MrutuaIl- *lii.N*Hnf'jlttireChCioenftbKKOnYi.rinB-fe*'*r-, . Ma* paper read it the Twelfth tions from moving cranes, etc. If one new cases. In general, ihe most reliable wav to V. ^ -v .mfireqr- >f 'he nl r tor- / equipment that will capture the dust at respirator may give satisfactory results. that of returning the filtered air to the thcpoinl where it is generated. This has been worked out very effectively for such equipment as grinding and butting wheels. _ Unfortunately a complete system of dust collecting and separating for a large department costs a lot of money-- more than many plants feel they can possibly afford under present business conditions. !-'or cases of temporary dust exposure, as for sweeping and cleaning up dust, the improved types of tiller respirators may be adequate. In some cases substitutes may be found for the substance causing the trouble. This has already been done in some processes where benzol was formerly used, and efforts are being made to extend the use of this principle. The use of water to overcome dust hazards is one of the first suggestions that is usually made. 1 recently tried to plant in order to conserve the heat that would be lost if it were discharged ouiside the building. In five such systems where dust counts have been made dur ing the past few months there was onlv one where there was even a question as to whether or not the air was fit to be relumed. In one case over forty-seven million dust particles per cubic foot were found in the air that was being re-circu lated, or many times what we would con sider a safe limit! Temporary Expedients explain this problem to an industrial manager and after telling him that the Ineffective Installations For such cases there may be other al ternatives or temporary expedients that will at least title matters over until im prover! business conditions warrant the installation of a permanent dust re moval system. l-iir instance, the manager of a plant recently visited by the writer stated that thev had already nm 5SO.OOO in ex haust equipment and had not yet fully solved the dust problem. In this indus try. the use of oil which has been sprayed on the material in some cares in the past, to improve its handling in the machinery and processes, offers a promising solu tion to the dust problem. Oust counts in some plants using the oil show reduc tions of 90 per cent or more in millions of particles per cubic foot, and if further tests corroborate these results it oners a simple and comparatively inexpensive meiitod of correcting the dust hazard in one industry. * In other operations, such as the shaking out of foundry castings, it may be possible to do this work at night, hy men who are protected by respirators, and thus eliminate a common exposure to employers engaged in other ^ra tions in the same room. The use <>f en closed mechanical conveyors and mate rial handling sy stems, properly exhaust dust which causes the trouble is less than IOhnicrons in size, a micron being about 1'25,000111 of an inch, and being encouraged by his nods which seemed to indicate that he was following my ex planation perfectly. I was a little dis concerted at ihc end to have him say. "Why can't you gel rid of those microns by washing ihe air!-" Apparently after all my efforts he still thought a micron was something like a microbe! Water has been found rather effective for laying the dust in some operations such as mining, sweeping up dusty floors, etc. In other cases, it has been a disappointment zs. for example, on grinding whec:s. where a dry exhaust system has proved to he more satisfac tory than wet grinding.1 Dir-ng the conference in .South Africa in 1`- one of the speakers pointed out the futility of trying to completely re move dust clouds by water sprays or ato mizing. adding the further comment that a tiny droplet of water may collect as many as 800 dust particles and then being inhaled ' is like Immbarding the lungs with shrapnel instead of single rill** fire. t nwarrantiMl Confidence The salesman who had put in ihc equipment had persuaded them that the filtered air was so much purer than Cod's product as represented by the ouiside atmosphere that he had even piped it into the office." so the manager way breathing the (fust as well as the faciorv employees. (Perhaps that might bl ended cooperation!) While it may lie going too far to sn\ lhat no filtering equipment can make dusty air suitable for re-breathing, the constant chance of the system getting out of order makes it almost as question able a practice as an attempt to recover drinking water from a sewage system. Installations that are clogged, leaking and otherwise ineffective are common. One of our engineers found that the belt connecting the exhaust fan to the motor in an overhead installation had been off for an indefinite period. The motor switch bad been thrown regularly but no one noticed that there was no exhaust at the grinding wheels it serviced. In another installation seen by the writer recently, a handkerchief held be fore the wheel stood out horizontally showing that the dust was lieing blow' out toward the operator instead A'!-**' being drawn in away from him. ed. instead of the old individual hand Where exhaust equipment is installed, An important point that should i- methods where the workers were brought poor maintenance of these systems borne in mind in designing an exhaust into close contact with dusty substances, whereby their value is reduced or entire system is that it is highly desirable offers a solution in other cases. ly vitiated is altogether too common. An capture the dusts or va|wrs as close to The treasurer of one concern with whom 1 recently discussed the hazard of his foundry said, `'Maylxr wc have the answer right here," ami. he unjughi out inquiry in a plant recently as to how the dust filtering apparatus was working brought the reply, "Fine! -wc haven't had to even* look at it for -it ve?.rs!" the point at which they are generated as possible, before they have had a ch.tnrr to be diffused throughout the air of the room. the design of a machine which was fab When we climbed a ladder to the roof to General ventilation may be helpful ricated entirely from sheets, plates, sec this miraculous equipment, a touch reducing the concentration, but it is ob angles and other structural shapes, on the screens shook a pail-lull of dust viously of little value to draw the oh- riveted and welded together, which from the "clean" side of the separator. jectional substances up through a roc: would entirely eliminate the castings of which it was largely composed in the past. Another common and dangerous prac tice in many dust removal systems is fan as is sometimes done, thereby carry ing them past the faces of the operators who must draw them in with every Where ihc dusty work is in a perma nent location, and too -.treat freedom of :-"v<-:rvr:f is n<>t rerqitrrd. ihc air-lob Ifralth oi * in ` True** breath. . I', s l*ubile Health Riill***ni Xm. 1*7. ' The design of a proper exhaust sy-ic:'- f. >* . .I -- t M f-"fl.l ? I I.phoilf ' W.fM.*!., :\7. ' PIratr turn tn p,i jr Jj ' -1 . Mechanical Control of Occupational Diseases C '`tif/mtu/ irittn page 22) to effectively control (Just requires . thorough understanding of certain engi neering principles that are completes lost sight of in many of the installation- now in use. For example, where the dust collector can be so arranged as to enclose the source of dust completely, or almost *u-. a very complete dust elimination may result, but where the inlet is five nr inches away from the source of the du.-- its efficiency may be reduced by as mu. i as 90 to 95 |>er cent, and be wholly in effective.' Where the exhaust equipntent has Invn looked on in the past as more or lo ot' a nuisance Inrausc it is non-produc tive and could accordingly be slighted at will, it must now Ik: recognized as a primary operating problem, and TO WEAR OVER GLASSES spnnsihiliiy must be placed on sonic*" . to See that it is kept in first class condi If you have workmen who wear glaue* give them (he absolute assurance of eye protec tion as well as good vision by having (hem wear CESCO M Si L GOGGLES over their prescription lenses. These men will do better work and stctVnl costs wi// be reduced. CESCO M ti L GOGGLES are specially designed to be worn - r the workman's own spectacles--they fit ""^ly, are comfortable and prevent breakage and pining of expen sive prescription lenses. CESCO M SC L GOGGLES are furnished in there styles meeting all necessary require ments. Ventilated partem fitted with Super Safety tenses for chipping, grinding, caulk ing, riveting and like operations. Dust model fined with Super Safety tenses. Welders partem fined with CESCOWELD lenses for acetylene welding and cutting. [ion ;it all time*. And so, to summarize the results ..f this brief survey of the mechanical con trol of occupational disease hazards, it is the opinion of the writer that chiefly in this direction lies safely from some >f the most serious diseases, if one also in cludes rearrangement of the processes under mechanical control." in contras-, SfnJ for Mnrp/r *nd catmlof with the "medical control." CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO 2300 Warren Blvd. While agreeing that medical supervi sion of new prospects for employment is of primary importance, in order to pre vent placing new employees who have Chicago, 111. some physical imfiairment in a position j where they will quickly break down as :: j result of the work hazard, and grant me the value of medical follow-up of rr - ployees subjected to exposures suchs-'S*. lead and lxm/ut. which bring alxxit a temporary condition that may be check.-.: PLACE "STOP LOSS" ORDERS by medical supervision and a change of occupation, it seems evident that in the most serious industrial disease hazard, Guard against costly ounch press accidents. 0ce D. & M. Automatic Punch Press Guards. They are your that of exposure to silica dust, chief de pendence must be placed on elimination or control of the dust. Stww muto cuoiMti those unfortunate nape^*- ! In installing such equipment it mes that mean losses m men. money and morale. save money and griei in the long run. :> employ a competent engineer who unrlrr- 0. 5 M. Automatics fit all punch presses -have 5.-vy stands the difficulties of collecting im palpable dusts or vapors, and can have 3 working parts--arc made entirely of drop forcings a reasonable assurance of getting -in Ortirr n />. .t ,t mi/fic fluartt /or U* h'Ptb'fC Stuff >:**../ u/ /errt.i n/iW a .'i -/* r tr/t !** riyitt ur !* irft iiiunv i aNfn.'r.J. and stee1 (eiccpt '>: guard head) and ore low In crcc S'8.50 5.": .00. 486 ST. PAULTSTHEET nocMCKTcndNak: [ ni'ecfivc installation without to., muth I nf th- "rut anil rrv " method. 1 I* * | >.-- "V. * riufitifflMifs ..f 11.... j S*m !. '* J. M l;l\o. I */ *ml Vcntlliiiinc '* !7 in 1 Msifc*n >( I