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2 Grips Foot or Tire 4-Ways 4-Way Safety Extra Stiffness 4-Way Matching 4-Way Drainage . . . Inland 4-Way Floor Plate The most widely used floor plate is Inland 4-Way. It has earned this leadership since 1931 by offering 4 advantages in exclusive combination. The Inland 4-Way Pattern (Patented) provides 4-Way Safety; the projections center one another at right angles, pre senting equal traction all 4-ways instead of the usual 2. It matches 4-ways giving a continuous, neat, and safe pattern clear across the area covered. Since projec tions overlap equally 4-ways, it is equally stiff along all dimensions. And it drains and sweeps readily 4-ways. Made in 3 patterns, differing only in the size of projections and ranges of thickness (minimum 16 gage for Light, up to %-inch. for the Large Pattern) Inland 4-Way Floor Plate covers all requirements for steel safety treads. Leading warehouses stock it. Write for the latest folder. Includes stimulating illustrations, describes all ad vantages. INLAND STEEL COMPANY, 38 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois. INMD Sheets Strip Tin Plate Plates Structural Piling Track Accessories Rivets Billets NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IS A WONDERFUL ORGAN BUT he small cost of correct eye protection Tfor welders puts Willson-Weld glass within the reach of all. The welder using a Willson goggle, helmet or handshield equipped with Willson-Weld glass is as sured of adequate protection against eye ailments aggravated by dangerous light rays. The manufacturer or company owners are bound to enjoy, no matter how many or how few welders in their plant, a minimum of lost time and compensation expense. Two pieces of welding glass of identical color may represent two extremes of ability to cut off dangerous infra-red and ultra violet rays from any source of light. The cut-off power of Willson-Weld is obtained by the use of special chemical ingredients and to prevent confusion with other glasses of a greenish cast, every genuine piece bears the \W\nT registered trademark. Exclusive Willson Welding Devices Willson Welding Helmet No. 20 is made of durable black fibre with riveted construction in im proved design, and has a flip front glass holder molded of a fine grade plastic composition which will not warp, dent or bend. It is not a conductor of electric ity and is unaffected by moisture or extreme tem peratures. It is fitted with Willson-Weld glass, easily replaceable and has a comfortable adjust able, three-position headgear. The flip front per mits frequent, quick job inspection without the necessity of raising the helmet. Price: $9.90 each. Patented. Willson-Weld is furnished in ten shades, one or another of which is suitable for any welding operation. Through shade six or darker, there is no infra-red transmission and in the lighter shades only a negligible portion can pass thru. Send for a shade chart showing the exact shade to use for any welding job. Willson Chip-Weld Goggle, DC50 The Willson line of industrial safety devices is complete, and there are more than 100 Willson gog gle styles, one of which serves some industrial pur pose better than any other type. The complete line includes Dustite Respirators, Fume and Smoke Masks, Air Line Respirators, Welding Goggles, Helmets and Handshields, Abrasive Blasting Hel mets, and the most widely used of all industrial goggle lenses, Willson Flat Super-Tough. If you do not have a copy of the new Willson catalog, why not send today for one to Willson Products, Iuc,, Reading, Pa. This new Willson goggle is for use on jobs where welding, brazing, burning or cutting is interrupted frequently to permit inspection or grinding, flat tening and forming work. Much time is saved by simply flipping up the hinged frames which hold the 50 mm. Willson-Weld lenses in place. In the cups under the filter lenses are 50 mm. Flat Super Tough lenses for protection from flying particles, etc. DC50 is comfortable, well ventilated and can be worn over spectacles when necessary. Price: $4.50 each. Patented. WILLSON PRODUCTS Tha NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS U published monthly by the Nation*! Safety Council. V- rih Wacker Drive, Chicago. 111. Yearly Subscription Price $4,0 Volume 3J Number 4. Entered as second class matter June 1, 1921, at tne Pcitoffice at thieaao, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Additional entry at St. Joseph, Mlchlwc APRIL, 1936 3 Results speak louder than words 350 lb. PLATE HITS TOE Bio companies rely on results. A Safety Director of a fam ous oil company submits graphic illustrations of "just a few of the injuries prevented by Hy-Test Safety Shoes/' Similar accidents happen every day throughout the indus trial world in factories, foundries, mines and rolling mills. More and more Safety Directors are finding, by actual everyday experience that for durability, wear and dependability, Hy-Test Safety Shoes have distinct advantages. Foremost among these is the patented anchor flange, that ingenious method of safety shoe construction that takes the "maybe" out offoot protection. NO INJURY! Featured in all Hy-Test Safety Shoes, this patented anchor flange securely fastens the hco steel safety box under the insole in a manner insuring positive anchorage; anchorage that will with stand unbelievable stress and strain. 1500 lb. COIL STRIKES TOE This is the famous anchor flange. Note how it hooks un der the iusole; safe, secure, reducing the possibility of tipping or shifting in the event of an accident. Were it not for this flange, an excessively heavy weight might cause a slipor tipback,crushingthe foot between the insole and the steel toe. SLIGHT BRUISE! Safety directors! When you buy, or urge your men to buy Hy-Test Safety Shoes, you know that they are as safe as modern shoe-making and mechanical ingenuity can make them. And, to an unusual degree, a revolutionary and exclusive com fort last provides dress-shoe com fort in a safety shoe. Our In-Stock Department can easi ly supply you with both dress and semi-dress models, as well as various work types for all specialized indus trial purposes. Details on request. H738--CHOCOLATE ROSEITE (Water-Resisting) BLUCHER Leather lined Vamp, 11 X A Weather* wear Leather Sole, Leather Heel, Storm Welt, Isco Steel Box, Steel Arch, Indus try Last. D and E, 5*12. Goodyear Welt. Non-Spark Irau Nallod Loathor Heal. Brass Hooks and Eyolots. 250 lb. BAR FALLS ON FOOT KEEPS ON WORKING! HY-TEST SAFETY SHOES DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY ^INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. ' THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER APRIL, 1936 4 ONE YEAR OLD . . and already it stands alone CONGRATULATIONS: Just one year ago this lusty infant first saw the light of day. Conceived through the desire of safety men every where for a publication that would fit the needs of that all important liaison between workers and executives, THE INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR quickly took its rightful place in the family of safety literature. And how prodigiously this infant has grown! Today it literally stands alone. So cordially has it been received into the family that its circulation is just double what its most enthusiastic sponsors hoped for. Sample copies and prices will be sent on request. If you're not using THE INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR you are missing a good bet. Why not look into the matter today? National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 5 APRIL, 1936 National Safety News Volume 33 Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and industrial health APRIL, 1936 Number 4 Contents Employee Training--C. H. Murray....................................................10 A Plea for the Negative--Alvhh R. Lauer................. ............ .. 12 Good Housekeeping in a Chemical Plant--Carman T. Fish........... . 15 Welding Wisdom--James l. Banash..................................................17 No Motors Menace Their Play.................................. .. 19 Safety Takes the Field....................................................................... 20 Gasoline Fires in Garages--J. T. O'Brien.........................................21 Is Safety Profitable?--Ask Milwaukee--C. F. Scheer ...................... 23 The Sight-Meter Tells the Story........................................................ 25 Safety Council Launched at New York Conference ...........................26 Water and Fatigue............................................................................... 27 Evanston's Safety Record Wins Another Grand Prize............... .. 28 On to Atlantic City............................................................................... 29 What's In Your First-Aid Kits?--Murray D. Smith.......................... 33 Phenol--Industrial Data Sheet D. Chem. 3 ........................................34 Contestants Show Skill inUnscrambling Words.................................80 DEPARTMENTS Editorial................................................ 9 The Managing Director's Page ... 14 The Safety Exchange .......................30 The Safety Library ........................... 32 Industrial Health ..................... .33 The Bulletin Board...........................40 Personals .............................. 56 Coming Events ................................... 68 The Honor Roll ................................. 69 With the Manufacturer.................... 72 CARMAN T. FISH. Editor S. H. KERSHAW. Poster Editor Copyright 1836 by Natlcogt Safety Council. Inc. Printed in U.8.A Entered at $eeond-e)a$* matter June 1, 1921. at the Post Office at Chicago. 111., under the act of March 1879, Additional entry at St, Joseph. Mich. The price to member* for extra subscription* to the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ts 54,00 per veer. Single copies, 40 cent*. Reduced quantity price* for yearly *ub- C. F. SCHEER, Associate Editor C. H. MILLER, Advertising Manager seripttons nil'! tingle eopi-t on requrtt. SutucrtpUont tr. available only to member* of the National Safety Council, Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magazine 1* indexed In the Industrial Art# Index. Statement* and opinion* advanced in signed article* ara individual expression* of their author*, not those of the National Safety Council. National Safety Council, !nc. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave., New York City Honorary Members ROBERT W. CAMPBELL ARTHUR WILLIAMS ASSOCIATION OF IRON L STEEL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 6 National Safety Council Officers, 1935-36 Cassius H. Watson, M. D., President r>. D. Fennell, Vice-President for Pub lic Relations Hart E. Fisher, M. D., Vice-President for Health John B. Gibson, Vice-President i'or Safety Councils Hon. Harold G. Hoffman. Vice-President l'or Public Safety Albert S. Reglla, Vice-President for Engineering A. V, Rohwf.der, Vice-President for In dustrial Safety R. T, Solensten, Vice-President for Membership Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Education William E, Worth, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer W. H, Cameron, Managing Director Executive Committee Members at Large The Above Officers and; Harold S. Buttenheim, The Amei'ican Citu Robert I. Catlin, Aetna Casual ity and Surety Co. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co. Thomas H. MacDonald, U. $. Bureau of Public Roads E. J. Mehren, Portland Cement Assn, I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Corp. Gf.orge E, Sanford, General Electric Co. C. W. Smith, Standard Oil Co., tlnd.) Safety Council Representatives Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Council Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council Donald A. Finkbeiner. Toledo, Safety Council Edwin A, Kayseb, St, Louis Safety Council Robert L. Schmitt, Louisville Safety Council R. B, Fortuin, Lehigh Valley Safety Council James M. Strike, St. Joseph. Mo., Safety Council Sectional Representatives A. L. Armstrong, Chemical C. W. Dempesy, Food Capt. E. W. Fiske, Jr,, Marine E. E. Grant, Paper and Pulp William C, Knoelk, Street and High way `fra {'lie J. A. Purdy, Wood Products C. T. Wtnegar, Aut've & Machine shop Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. PalmeH David Van Schaak* Ralph C. Richards* Charles P. Tolman Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A, DeBlois Carl B, Auel Charles B. Scott Walter G. King Homer E. Niesz* Lt.-Col, Henry A. Reninclr C. Eugene Petti bone Carl W. Bergquist James I. Banash John E. Long Deceased 7 TRADE MARK TABLOID - FIRST-AID No. 754 'TABLOID' brand FIRST-AID ("PAC-KIT") 36 UNIT Illustrated herewith, is one of the outstanding equipments especially designed to meet the requirements of industry. * Full details and quotations on request Please send me latest * Tabloid' First-Aid literature M.S.N. Firm Name_____ _, Address--.....................--................ ............ Individual's Name ________________ Official Capacity APRIL, 1936 SAFEGUARDS............ No matter how thoroughly the individual artisan is protected in his factory work by mechanical safe guards--his protective equipment is incomplete un less `Tabloid' First-Aid is instantly available when accidental injuries occur. Co.Burroughs Wellcome & u,nsca) 9 & ii East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan 7 TRADE TABLOID'MARK FIRST-AID TMK 'TABLOID' brand FIRST-AID ("PAC-KIT") 36 UNIT Illustrated herewith, is one of the outstanding equipments especially designed to meet the requirements of industry. Full details and quotations on request Please send me latest * Tabloid* First-Aid literature N.S.N. Firm Name_____ __, Address--.....................--................ ............ Individual's Name _______________________ Official Capacity APRIL, 1936 SAFEGUARDS............ No matter how thoroughly the individual artisan is protected in his factory work by mechanical safe guards--his protective equipment is incomplete un less `Tabloid' First-Aid is instantly available when accidental injuries occur. Co.Burroughs Wellcome & u,nsca) 9 a 11 East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan 9 APRIL, 1936 Published by National Safety Council, Inc. Before Good Housekeeping ACK in the days when the front office was replete with B frock coats, side whiskers and dignity, cleanliness in the shop was an unappreciated virtue; it was even considered effeminate. Men carried the grime of the foundry to their homes. Shower baths at the plant were unknown. Too often a crusted basin of cold water and a bar of yellow laundry soap com prised the shop's wash-up facilities. If the shop was really progressive, a roller towel as dingy as its surroundings was added to the equipment. Tobacco juice and cobwebs were approved first aid remedies. Dark, dirty factory buildings were reflected in unkempt homes. The Saturday night bath and the Sunday morning shave were traditions. If this picture seems overdrawn, let us quote from ''Engi neering Achievements," the yearbook of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, a description of a typical plant of 1881; "Our shops were dark and dingy, poorly ventilated, poorly heated, and generally unsanitary. Heating was accomplished through the medium of egg stoves, coal or coke fired, and not too liberally distributed through the shops. In the shop, light was furnished by tallow candles and coal oil lamps; in the offices, the only illumination was by kerosene wick-fed lamps with glass chimneys--hot, smelly and poorly adapted for lighting purposes. The incandescent carbon filament lamp was not yet in use." For the improvement in industrial housekeeping we must not overlook the credit due to better illumination. The carbon arc lamp, the carbon filament incandescent lamp and the modern mazda have all made their contributions to progress. Conditions which were tolerated under the dim kerosene lamps showed up in all their repuisiveness when the electric lights were turned on. Advertising has played its part also. Manufacturers of plumbing, paint, dust collecting equipment, soap and clean ing compounds have helped to raise the hygienic and esthetic standards for both factory and home. The advertising man, the printer, the engraver and the photographer have all im proved their technique since the days of the brown derby and the handlebar mustache. Nor is it inappropriate to add that the vehicles carrying the advertising have increased their appeal. Trade and technical publications are serving their fields much more effectively, and they have played an important part in raising standards of taste, comfort and hygiene. Many states have outlawed the roller towel and the com munal drinking cup, but high standards are still far from universal. Clean factories, clean homes and clean communi ties have a measurable value in improving the health and increasing the productiveness of the workers, and there are other values that cannot be estimated in dollars alone. Modern Times TT IS called "Modern Times", but the only modern thing about Charlie Chaplin's latest picture is its setting. It has an underlying theme as old as humanity itself-- the struggle of men to earn a living in a fiercely competitive society. The men who riot at the factory gates are moved by the same impulses as the medieval peasants who burned the chateaux of the lords, and the embattled artisans who stormed the Bastille. The same drama has been reenacted in different settings throughout the ages. "Modern Times" is as starkly grim as any communist propaganda. Without the rough house comedy it would be too strong for popular consumption. There is a wistfulness about Charlie in his struggle with machinery and regimentation. His part is that of a dreamer unable to adapt himself to a practical world. His antics amid a fantastic mass of gears and flywheels, which is sup posed to represent modern industry, draw many a laugh, but the picture is likely to prove depressing. Underneath the slapstick pantomine is a rather biting insight. The indictment of modern times is not that they are worse than previous ages. Even a superficial reading of history will dispel that idea. But it is disappointing to observe the slowness of our progress in the social sciences in contrast to our advances in the mechanical arts. A too intensive worship of efficiency sometimes blinds us to essential human values. The Twenty-fifth Congress f'PHE Twenty-fifth Annual Safety Congress will go to Atlantic City at the invitation of the leaders of New Jersey's public and business life. The cordiality of the invi tation and the local preparations that have been under way for several years indicate that this year's Congress will be a memorable evem in Safety history. Not since 1928 has a Congress been held on the Atlantic Coast where a large proportion of the Council's membership is located. Atlantic City has been the scene of many of the country's largest conventions and its hotels offer excep tional accommodations for both guests and meetings. While the hotels offer several thousand rooms at a wide variety of prices, the selection will become more limited as the Congress week approaches. A list of conveniently located hotels and their rates will be found on page 29 of this issue. The date: October S to 9. 1936. In This Issue <^r'1APABLE supervisors and loyal, able men are the ^sparks which keep a business alive," says C, H. Murray. Training develops these men and their leaders, and the American Rolling Mill Company's methods of training go far beyond mere technical job requirements. (Page 10). The negative appeal has its place in safety work and here is quite a convincing case for its judicious use. Dr. Alvhh R. Lauer, who makes psychology understandable and palat able for the layman, gives a few sound "don'ts" for fleet superintendents. Anv safetv man may adopt them. (Page 12). - - ^. Standards of housekeeping must be high in a chemical plant, both for safety of workers and to maintain the quality of the product. (Page IS). APRIL, 1936 10 Employee MPLOYEE training may be de E scribed as the most scientific kind of accident prevention work. It Training supplies the all-important element that was lacking in the safety programs of previous years. Let us glance quickly at the history of modern accident prevention work. Then came the realization that acci their dependents was vividly pictured to Many older men will remember that industrial plants were not always as safe and well maintained as they are today, though they are still far from being safe enough. With the opening of the present cen tury, the small workshops began to dis dent prevention had a human side, as well as a mechanical side. In this second period, we tried to appeal to men's emo tions. We held old-fashioned camp meet ings, and the "demon accident" was hauled over the coals in Carrie Nation style. The plight of the injured and the workers as we pleaded with them to avoid getting hurt. Next we attempted to prevent acci dents with signs and slogans. Plants were gaily decorated with colorful signs, and while the varnish was fresh, their action was positive. But when novelty appear. In their place rose great fac dulled, they were just another crop of tories. Our present age of mass pro safety signs. "Watch Your Step", "Safe duction came on us quickly with many ty First", "Don't Get Hurt", became perplexing problems. One of these was familiar expressions in every plant. the prevention of injuries to human be Then came the safety campaign--the ings. So serious did it become that it no accident month. Parades were held, actually threatened the progress of in headed by goats purporting to belong to dustrial America. Old Man Accident. W'orkers carried In 1912 certain forward looking lead amusing signs threatening bodily injury ers of industry decided to organize a to this fictitious character. More camp council for the exchange of accident pre meetings were held. What was the re vention experience. The influence of that sult? An accident early in the month organization, the National Safety Coun was bound to be attended by a break cil, is felt not only in industry but in down in morale, and anything might the streets and in the homes. It is a happen. We were not upon sound toot splendid organization doing a splendid ing. We did a splendid job of advertis work. ing the virtues of accident prevention Thus far there have been three dis but we neglected to train men in how tinct periods in the development of to prevent accidents. accident prevention work. It is not my intention to speak slight The first of these might well be called ingly of what was accomplished in these the ``mechanical safety era." Accident earlier periods. In the steel industry, prevention consisted mainly of designing accident severity was reduced consider and installing guards for machinery. It By ably. We had to crawl before we could was largely a child of the drafting room. Guards helped a lot, but they could not prevent all accidents. C. H. MURRAY Assistant to the President, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio walk, and the experience we gained in our first efforts has been the foundation of this present chapter in accident pre- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS vention work. This is the day of em ployee-training--of training men to do their jobs right and encouraging them to think. There is no better or more per manent safeguard than a thinking man. I am not speaking of employee train ing in relation to accident prevention alone. Its influence is even greater than that. E am referring to the economic benefits which industry needs so badly as companies grow larger and competi tion keener. The 19.36 model of a business is a very complicated thing. Inventive genius has created marvelous machinery and smooth-running conveyors which obey the touch of a push button. Management has delegated responsibilities, created countless departments, and established wonderful systems of business control which reveal at a glance the day's sales, the day's production, the number of ac cidents, the costs, and all the other im portant factors which enter into the conduct of a business. On the face of it, the successful man agement of a modem business seems as simple as consulting a railroad timetable. But it isn't at ail. Business needs both Capable supervisors and loyal* abk men are the spades which keep a business alive. ....... ......... There never was a system or a machine which could think. An accident really is a mistake coming to light. In the long run every foreman is an assistant to the president. Do we fufiy realize how important this thing calkd "the job'1 is to the average man? .................................. The supervisor is the only person who can maintain a steady flow of ideas from the men. To do so he must receive those ideas with enthusiasm? he must investigate them with care, and always give full credit to the maker. One of the finest things you can do for a man is to help him help mmsetf, organization and management. The con trol of the system lies in the brains of men. There never was a system or a machine which could think. You can't wind up a business as you do an alarm dock. Capable supervisors and loyal, able men are the sparks that keep the business alive. Remove these, and you soon have a broken-down structure-- just another rusting, crumbling monu ment to an industrial failure. By in creasing individual skill, by winning the interest and cooperation of men, by building teamwork between individuals, employee training prevents accidents to costs, to quality of product, and to ser vice, as well as to human beings. After all, just what is an accident? Something that happened when you didn't think it was going to happen. Really it is a mistake coming to light. An injury is the result of an aeddent. Accidents reveal the foreman's short comings as a manager. Accidents do not always injure people. There are probably thirty accidents to equipment or to material for every one which even slightly injures a human be ing. Statistics will show in our industry that there are on the average 300 minor injuries to one lost time injury. You may wonder, "Well, what about that?" The facts are that any of those 30 acci dents which didn't scratch a man, or any of those 300 minor injuries might have taken a human life. Strange things hap pen every day. One man may fall 30 feet and escape with a few bruises; another may slip on a grease spot on the floor and break a leg; still another man may fall six feet and break his neck. After the aeddent happens, you can't control the severity of an injury. To prevent injuries we must prevent acci dents. If industry expects to continue to im prove its safety record on a broad scale --and it must continue to improve be cause accidents of all kinds represent a major source of useless costs--it must become still more active and more prac tical in training employees. In speaking of employee training there is sometimes a tendency to think in (Please turn to page 50) APRIL, 1936 12 A Plea for the NEGATIVE And a few "don'ts" for the traffic superintendent and safety director By ALVHH R. LAUER, Ph.D. .Assoetafe Professor of Psychology, Iowa State College HEN is it necessary to say don't? W Negative training, long con tinued, is supposed to be un desirable, but under certain conditions it may be more effective than positive instruction. You can't warn a man to lay off liquor without putting a ``don't" in somewhere. Sometimes safety pro grams are not scientifically sound, and in such cases the razing of existing meth ods is as important as the development of new ones. This is the excuse for a negative approach in this article. Often you have heard the remark, "But it worked, and that is proof enough for me." Grandmother's asafetida bag was supposed to have protected some of us from chickenpox, mumps and other contagious diseases, but doctors no long er believe in charms and magic. They resort to vaccines. An alleged way to remove warts is to rub a bean on the wart, then throw the bean over one's right shoulder into a well. When the bean decays, the wart will supposedly disappear. Another method is to use an electric needle. Snake oil may go through -sole leather but it is doubtful whether it .penetrates the human tissue and effects the cures that the producers .claim. Similarly, cer tain items in a safety program may ap pear to achieve the desired results, when in actuality they merely salve the surface of the trouble. Now let us look at a few don'ts which a traffic superintendent would do well to study carefully: 1, Don't try to scare your men into safe driving practices. 2. Don't treat accidents as a pestilence. 4. Don't expect your driving accidents to dear up without a careful diagnosis. 4. Don't use methods of diagnosis which are not recognized and well standardized. 5, Don't stop with a diagnosis. 6. Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of a driver's potentialities. ", Don't consider any driver so nearly petfect that he will not have an accident. 8. Don't preach safety and practice reckless ness. 9. Don't expect results without a continued scientific and systematic effort to analyze causes of accidents, and inaugurate remedial measures. Men who have accidents are "safety sick". They may be chronically afflicted, or they may be only acutely ill. You would not expect a man on sick leave to regain his health more rapidly by a bawl ing out. This would only make him more nervous and retard his recovery. There is no reason to believe that men can be scared into safety habits. Articles like "And Sudden Death," by J. C. Furnas, which appeared in the August, 1935 Reader's Digest may have a place in creating a safety conscious public, but a relatively small one. If continued for any length of time this type of treatment would tend to callous the group mind. The latter, of course, is merely the sum-total of individual minds making up that group. The gross effect of such articles continued over a long period would be the same as the effect that war has upon the attitudes toward horrors which accompany it. "Our army advanced 10 kilometers with a loss of but 500 men." So runs the bulletin. It might have been 5,000. Yes, only 500 men! Think of but one! Mangled, torn to shreds, buried in pieces-- not all his own! Letters from little sister requesting a German shoulder strap and prattling on about the folks at home. A souve nir for his mother Alvhh R. Lauer bought at the little Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of the driver's potentialities. French shop but not sent. Pocket para phernalia, photograph of his sweet heart--all scattered on the hillside. Yet the bulletin from headquarters com ments glibly on the mere sum of 500 men killed in action. Why? Largely because of being cal loused by repeated experiences of such horrors. One experience might have a desired effect as a shock stimulus. If repeated, a reaction might set in and bring about a hardened attitude. News paper articles depicting accident horrors, or posters designed to evoke fear, should be used sparingly. Conversely, however, there are those who may think that calling a man's weaknesses to his attention may pre dispose him to accidents by auto-sugges tion. There may be isolated cases where some such effect would take piace. This hardly can be classified as "scaring" the driver. If such scientific advice is bad then most medical practice would be open to question. According to this line of reasoning, a man suffering from a serious disease had better risk dying of his malady than be frightened to the point of committing suicide by obtaining medical attention and being apprised of his condition. It suffices to say that in medicine the good effects so far outnum ber the bad that the latter, if they exist, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 must be tolerated. Medical advice need not be of "scare-head" variety. Psycho logical advice is much less so. Don't treat accidents as a pestilence. Too often safety education is handled as the health officer treats the measles--by simply placing up a sign, "Measles, Stay Out." How often have you read the warnings, "Dangerous Curve", "Danger, Stay Out", "Poison"? The railroads have most successfully met the danger of low bridges or underpasses by suspend ing rope guards on either side of the bridge. The trainman on top of the box car gets a forewarning in the way of a mild rap from the ropes as he passes. Warnings of this specific, timely type will get the idea across in a concrete way. They are more effective than gen eral warning signs, which are too much in evidence. It is not to be inferred that gen eral warning signs are without value; merely that they should be supple mented by specific, terse, and pointed markers which cannot be misconstrued or overlooked. This is only half the argument. A man should not be told merely to avoid something he does not understand well, but he should be trained to follow a course of action which will lead to safety in the performance of duties. Let us illustrate: Prof. R. A. Moyer of our Engineering School has shown by road tests that tire side-slip is at a minimum when the co efficient of friction is at the maximum. The average driver, on taking a comer, will most likely use his brakes when he outline indicates a partial list of factors to be studied: 1. How many accidents do we have per 1,000 miles driven? '2. How do these accidents take place? 3. When do they take place? 4. Which types of vehicles are most fre quently involved in accidents? ">. Who was driving these vehicles at the time of the accident? 6. What are the relative hazards of our driv ing territory as compared to other companies, or the general public? What type of accidents do "repeaters" have ? 5. Why do these men have accidents? ( You will find a few of your drivers having most of the accidents. ) Xow you are ready for a more detailed diagnosis. A psychophysical examina tion of the drivers who have accidents will answer most of the points related to the eighth question. Don't use methods of diagnosis which are not recognized and well standard ized. Safety engineers are rapidly coming to realize the need for other measures of accident-proneness than the crude obser vational methods used in the past. The demand cannot be adequately filled. En thusiastic organizations are selecting spectacular devices designed to measure certain "so-called" defects responsible for accidents. A word of warning should be interjected here. There is no one cause of accidents. There are no two, three, or four causes. There are numerous causes. A test of reaction time used alone is about as indicative of accident-prone ness as pulse rate is diagnostic of one's need of medical attention; or as the number of turns of the engine before starting is an index to the value of an automobile. Any single item, though it may be very important, is only one of numerous factors involved and must be interpreted in light of other conditions in force at the moment. Another source of danger is the adop tion of some makeshift device which has not been standardized. A measurement is only valuable when it can be repeated with very similar results and when it is known to measure what it purports to measure. Many times common-sense theory is wrong. Diseases were formerly held to be due to humors in the blood. By bleeding a man such humors could be reduced and health restored. So rea soned the medical profession of two centuries ago. It looked like the thing to do; a dictate of common-sense. Xow ,ve do the opposite. Science has shown that man needs more blood in emergen cies rather than less blood. The ama teur mechanic overgreases your car wheels. His theory is that, `if one dose is good, two doses are better'. Sounds reasonable, but ruins your brakes. The most reasonable way to learn a driver's traits, it would seem, would be to ride with him and observe his driving. Experimental studies have shown, how ever, that the "watched driver becomes the careful driver". Unless the driver is so obviously inexperienced as to be (Please turn to page ;8) You can't persuade a man to lay off liquor without using a few "don'ts." feels the back wheels slipping sidewise. Actually he should accelerate slightly to keep his wheels rolling with no retarda tion or acceleration. This will greatly reduce skid. The practice is followed by I most expert drivers. Ignorance of the ! principle or failure to allow for it is I known to be the cause of many skidding : accidents of ordinary drivers. It illus- ; trates the idea that teaching men to get j out of dangerous places is at least as j important as keeping them from getting in. Don't expect your driving accidents to clear up without a careful diagnosis. "Trouble-shooters" must know where the trouble is located before they can fix it. Linemen must have more training than merely, "Keep the line from being grounded." This is too general. Yet the same men read posters every morning which warn them to "Drive Safely", and "Save a Life". A diagnosis of traffic accidents re quires a careiul study. The following APRIL, 1936 14 The Managing Director's Pag** After 25 Years as in the case of the foreman, there will never be genuine safety until the individual looks after his own bailiwick. FREDERICK A. KEPPEL, president of the Carnegie Foundation in New York, recently said that "I could Emphasis must be placed more directly on the units. Fore have told you a great deal better, or at any rate a great men must be told that the success of the entire plant will deal more confidently, twenty-five night. I won't even ask what is science, years ago that 1 can or what is research; to mean their success, and they must have an interest in the total plant's performance; but, after all, there are few fore I shall merely point out that we are faced by an endless series of problems arising from the application to human welfare," men who can greatly affect the plant policies. Too many factors beyond their understanding or influence are involved. The average foreman must be made to understand that the Dr. Keppel was speaking of education but his remarks plant's total safety record depends on his individual per apply with equal force to any phase of human activity. At formance in his own department. the end of any quarter century of his experience, any human being would like to withdraw his early opinions and revise his recommendations. Nothing could be more evident than the oft-repeated ex perience that safety is a live and growing thing. We never reach the end of its implications, nor do we yet know about the precise methods of teaching it and following through on the one best method. A week or two ago I was startled when the manager of a large industrial plant told me that he had learned a new and startling fact about safety in his plant. And this after twentyfive years of really marvelous application of the best known safety principles. This company had been winning national and local awards for superlative safety records for years. It was at the top of its class. "Here is the perfect safety plant," was the onlooker's impression. "It has done a consistently good job; its records prove it. Others should follow in its footsteps." But as the manager started his new year and talked about the record of the Smith Manufacturing Company, he sud denly came to realize that none of his foremen was definitely interested in the whole plant. Their jobs depended on the individual performance of their own departments. They lived and fought for their own departments. This revelation led to a new statement of the plant's safety problem. The manager said to each one of his foremen: "Don't think of the Smith Manufacturing plant's total record; think and work for your own department's safety. If you will make a perfect record in your foreman's department, as the other foremen will do likewise, we can assure and continue our plant record on a scale that has never been achieved before." INTERESTING ITEMS During March the National Safety Council employed eight new field representatives and conducted an inten sive training course in its headquarters. Twelve out-of town speakers contributed to this program. These highly capable representatives have been assigned to eight terri torial districts and will work with public officials, civic groups and business leaders in organizing and promot ing local and national interests in traffic safety problems. From time to time information will be given to the mem bers of the Council on activities in the field. ** Probably every member and cooperator has read the story in the March issue NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS --"Safe till Tomorrow?"--which provided an outline of a program to organize automobile owners and users among industrial employees for the promotion of safer driving. This plan ties up with our challenge to all citi zens to bring about a reduction in traffic accidents of 35 per cent by the end of 1940. The article referred to will be reprinted in pamphlet form and made available to members in the hope that they can carry out the auto mobile club plan recommended. *## How natural and consistent with human living was this change in responsibility. Accomplishment of any kind is by units of service. It is all very well to talk about community safety, or a certain corporation's annual record, but after all the community will have a good safety record just insofar as each household, and each individual in the household, can be persuaded to look after its own backyard. The time may come when the local governmental authorities will inspect homes and demand protection for children and parents but. "The early bird gets the best hotel accommodations." Don't fail to vatch for announcements in this and other issues of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS on the 23th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition--Atlantic City, October 5-9. There are dozens of hotels at Atlantic City and a list of some of them is presented in this issue of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 Good Housekeeping in a Chemical Plant By CARMAN T. FISH Modem facilities encourage a thor ough job of washing up. and some are harmless, but cleanliness of both plant and product is essential in maintaining the quality of the pro WO items which are indispensable Tin the safety program of a chemical company are good housekeeping and duct, as well as the health and safety of the worker. At the entrance to the employment protective clothing. While the chemicdael partment of the St. Louis plant is a industry does not stand alone in its need sign which notifies prospective employ for high standards of housekeeping, the ees that this is a chemical plant and that precautions which are desirable in other conditions of employment specify ob establishments become vital when the servance of all safety rules, including materials to be processed are toxic or the wearing of any protective clothing combustible. required for the job. In selecting a sign So we find plant and personal cleanli for this purpose the company found that ness occupying a prominent place in the none of the ten thousand stock messages safety activities of the Monsanto Chem available carried the exact meaning, so ical Company. This company, with a sign was made to order. headquarters in St. Louis, Mo., operates Methods of maintaining good house a large number of plants located at many keeping vary with Monsanto plants due points in the United States and in Eng to differences in operations, equipment land. The products of these plants and physical arrangements. The plants range from food preservatives to com at St. Louis and at Monsanto, Illinois, mercial acids and other heavy industrial use no porters or janitors in operating chemicals. A complete list would be al departments. These departments depend most as extensive as the U. S. Pharma upon their own employees to maintain copoeia. Some of the products are toxic the high standards of cleanliness and order. Other plants in the United States and abroad employ modifications of this Racks aid housekeeping and provide safe storage for barrels. system which seem best adapted to their individual requirements. The system employed at Monsanto, Illinois, has attracted considerable at tention, The entire plant, which totals ..55 acres, is divided into five housekeep ing areas. These five areas are subdi vided into smaller areas including build ings or manufacturing departments. These latter subdivisions are still further subdivided and assigned to individual workmen. Someone is responsible for the housekeeping in every square foot of ground and floor space. There isn't any "no man's land." Each of the five major areas has a supervisor. His duties are primarily to observe housekeeping conditions in the area assigned to him and to call the at tention of the subdivision supervisors to any shortcomings in housekeeping. So far as order and cleanliness in their re spective areas are concerned, the five area supervisors represent the manage ment. The area supervisor has the authority and responsibility for ordering corrective work done in the area under his own Flowers and paint add a touch of fre-hness and color to the plant. APRIL, 1936 1 16 Wholesome meals amid cheerful surroundings in the plant cafeteria. direct operating supervision. Outside his own area, his duty is to point out de fects and suggest improvements. It is also his duty to report to the plant man agement any cases of lack of cooperation or failure to carry out instructions in the matter of general housekeeping. In operating departments and else where throughout the plant are posted charts which show the major areas and subdivision and the men to whom super vision is assigned. In the departments are charts showing the area assigned to each worker. Thus every man in the plant knows his responsibilities. No in spections are held, as the system operates on the theory that inspection is constant. The system can best be judged by the results, and it has maintained high stand ards of housekeeping under difficult con ditions. At the Everett, Massachusetts, works of the Merrimac subsidiary a modifica tion of this pian is used. The yard is divided into sections and a man assigned to each section with the responsibility of maintaining order at all times. De partment superintendents, foremen and men are responsible for housekeeping in their respective departments. Periodic inspections are made by a committee of three, the safety engineer acting as chair man. The other members are taken from disinterested departments in the office. This gives some of the office personnel an opportunity to become bet ter acquainted with the plant and as sures a variety of viewpoints as to what conditions should be. Following the in spection the departments are rated as "Excellent," "Good," "Fair," or "Poor," according to the committee's findings. These ratings are posted on the plant bulletin boards. Ally No. 1 in the campaign to keep the chemical plant clean is the hose. Floors of the various departments are flushed several times a day. To avoid any serious slipping hazard, some floors are made of rather coarse concrete; others are of finer grain with carborun dum imbedded in the finishing coat. This provides a floor which is easy to keep clean but will not become slippery because of dampness. As additional pro tection against slipping, the use of safety shoes with non-slip soles and heels is encouraged. These, incidentally, are supplied to employees at cost. During the past winter, snow and ice caused considerable difficulty in the pas sageways between plants. During several weeks of the most severe weather the St. Protection for the eyes is stressed in all departments. Louis plant used a ton of salt a day to keep the pavements between buildings free from ice. Another aid to cleanliness and appear ance, as well as protection for wood and metal surfaces, is the liberal use of paint. As with the porter and janitor service, the painting is done by the employees of each department. In a chemical plant each color has a definite meaning, indicating the nature of the material carried in pipes or stored in tanks. A color code for piping is used, and the decorative effect is remi niscent of Chicago's vivid Century of Progress. Any employee around the St. Louis plant who is wearing a suit of tan cover alls is at once recognized as a worker in a department where toxic materials are handled. The men in this group have special locker and shower rooms. They receive a complete change of clothing every day, provided by the company and laundered without charge to the em ployee. Their street clothes are kept in separate locker compartments. Workers in these departments receive milk twice a day. In non-toxic departments men wear working clothes of the same color but with separate coats and trousers. These are provided and laundered by the com pany at a nominal weekly charge. In the finishing departments where the ut most refinements of cleanliness are de sirable, white uniforms are provided. Men in the mechanical departments wear the traditional blue overalls. In the washrooms, newer types of equipment have been added as the plant grew. Included among the up to date facilities for personal cleanliness are cir cular wash fountains with dispensers for powdered soap. Some of the newer lock ers have slanting tops which cannot be used as storage space and which do not collect dust. To overcome the hazard of slipping in the showers, mats of rubber with in terwoven cord have been provided. Anti septic solutions for the prevention of ringworm of the feet (athlete's foot) have not been used because of the diffi culty of getting the men to use the treat ment regularly. Shower compartments are disinfected twice a day with steam and this method has been quite effective in preventing parasitic infections. All employees are given medical ex amination on employment and periodical examinations are given at intervals, ranging from monthly in the toxic de partments to annually in departments (Please turn to page 74) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 The use of gloves and other suitable clothing should be required of any operator doing heavy cutting work. Welding Wisdom Precautions that mean Safety in OxyAcetylene Welding and Cutting By JAMES !. BAN ASH Consulting Engineer, The Linde Air Products Company; Past President, Sational Safety Council XY-ACETYLENE welding and O cutting equipment is designed for safe use under the wide variety of the materials used and the function of the various parts. Although the information necessary to operating conditions that exist in moadthorough understanding is not difficult ern plant and field work. Manufac to acquire, it is important that all oxy- turers have provided all parts of the acetylene operations should be under the equipment with adequate safety devices. supervision of trained and qualified men. They have constantly emphasized the It is the purpose of this article to re precautions and safe practices that must view some of the fundamental principles be observed by all operators of welding that govern the proper handling of oxy- and cutting equipment. Intelligent use acetylene welding and cutting equip of the equipment follows naturally from ment. an understanding of the properties of Precautions to be observed in handling APRIL, 1936 and using oxygen follow naturally from a few familiar facts regarding oxygen supplied for welding and cutting: t. Pressure in a full cylinder of oxygen is 2,000 lb. per sq. in. at 70 deg. F. 2. Pressure within the cylinder increases as the temperature rises, and decreases as the tem perature fails. 3. Oxygen will not burn, but it supports and accelerates combustion. Because of the fact that oxygen under pressure may react violently with oil or grease, particular care should be exer cised to see that oxygen cylinders and valves are kept from contact with oil at all times. Never use an oxygen cylinder as a roller or support for work even though it may be considered empty. When oxygen cylinders are in actual use, the opportunities for contact with oil and grease are multiplied and special care must be taken to avoid such con tact. Do not handle cylinders or operate valves or touch any oxygen equipment with oily hands or gloves. Do not place cylinders where oil or grease may drop on them. It is always good practice to mount cylinders on a truck or support them in some way so that they cannot be acci dentally knocked over. They should be kept well away from the actual welding or cutting operation. Never use oxygen from a cylinder without first attaching a regulator to the cylinder valve. The cylinder valve should be closed when work is finished and when the cylinder is empty. Because oil or grease in the presence of oxygen under pressure may ignite violently, oxygen must never be confused with compressed air or used as a pres sure imposing medium. A serious acci dent may easily result if oxygen is used as a substitute for compressed air. Never use oxygen in pneumatic tools, to start internal combustion engines, to blow out pipe lines, to "dust" clothing or work, or for head pressure in a tank of any kind. Acetylene Acetylene will burn, and will, like all other combustible gases, when mixed with air in certain proportions, explode if ignited. At pressures over IS lb. per sq. in., acetylene may decompose violently if subjected to heat or shock. This action 1 18 nary pneumatic hose and metal covered hose should not be used. .As a general rule, unnecessarily long lengths of hose are to be avoided. Where they must be used, extra precautions should be taken to keep the hose from becoming kinked or tangled. Hose should be placed so that it will not be trampled on, run over, or exposed to flying sparks, hot slag and hot objects. Contact with oil or grease is also to be avoided, as these materials will deteriorate rubber and constitute a hazard with oxygen. Goggles One of the most important general safety rules is that properly designed goggles should be worn at all times while welding or cutting is being done. Eye protection is essential for several reasons. The bright flame and particularly the strong glare from the molten metal are sufficient to cause serious injury. Flying sparks or bits of hot metal that may be spattered about may cause serious trou ble if they should happen to strike un protected eyes. is an inherent property of acetylene it self, and is quite distinct from the for mation of explosive mixtures of acetylene and air. It is obvious that acetylene cylinders should be carefully handled, as knocks or falls may damage valves or fuse plugs or possibly the cylinder itself. Cylinders should be placed in properly designed cradles or platform carriers whenever moved by crane or derrick. Never use acetylene from a cylinder for welding and cutting without first at taching a pressure reducing regulator to the cylinder valve. Acetylene regulators should never be adjusted to deliver gas at a pressure greater than 15 lb. per square inch. With acetylene cylinders always use the special T - wrench for opening the cylinder valve. Open the valve slowly 1 *;, turns only, and leave the wrench in position while the cylinder is in use, so that the valve may be closed quickly if necessary. After the regulator is attached to the valve of an acetylene cylinder and the cylinder valve is opened, it is advisable to test for leaks at all connections by applying soapy water. In case of a leak around the valve stem, dose the valve and tighten the gland nut. Never under any circumstances at tempt to transfer acetylene from one cylinder to another. Wherever it seems necessary to couple acetylene cylinders in order to supply sufficient acetylene for a very heavy job or for a system of shop piping, always consult the acetylene manufacturer. Such coupling devices must be of a type listed as Standard by Underwriters' Laboratories Inc. and installed in ac cordance with the rules of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. ' Hose Always use high grade hose made es pecially for welding and cutting. Ordi- When cutting, it is advisable to have the work done over Boors of dirt, concrete or steel. Blowpipes Welding and cutting blowpipes are sturdy pieces of equipment. With rea sonable care in handling they will give years of continuous service. Proper results can be obtained only by using the proper sized head, tip or noz zle, and the gas pressures as recommend ed in the manufacturer's chart for the work at hand. Always follow the manu facturer's directions for lighting the blowpipe, and make sure that the regu lators are adjusted to the proper pres sure. When a new cylinder has been connected to the equipment, the blow pipe valve should be left open long enough to expel air before lighting. For lighting oxy-acetylene blowpipes, always use a friction lighter. Tips or welding heads should always be tight, and the welding heads should seat properly. Blowpipes should be inspected at fre quent intervals by a competent operator. Replacements should be made only with standard parts; major repairs should be made by the manufacturer. Regulators In using oxygen and acetylene from cylinders, each cylinder must always be equipped with a suitable regulator. Regulators are necessary for two rea sons: First, to reduce the cylinder pressure down to the relatively lower working (Please turn to page 48) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 19 No Motors Menace Their Play Sack yard playgrounds in Flint have been highly successful in keeping children off the streets AY, Al, haven't you noticed some thing lately?" a bus driver queried as his companion pulled alongside. "Why, no," Al replied. "What is it?" "There don't seem to be hardly any kids playing in the streets any more. What's happened to 'em?" "Now that you mention it, it's certain ly a fact. I guess it's this safety play vard movement. Swell idea, too," said Al. Al was right. A safety play yard movement in Flint was keeping the children off the streets in that city of 165,000 population. Flint is the world's second city in the production of automobiles. Ninety-five per cent of its industry is devoted to the manufacture of motor vehicles and auto motive parts. It is strictly an automo bile community. Therefore the traffic problems are manifold, because there is almost one automobile to every family in Flint. To be exact, the ratio of families a car is .81. Total car registration is 35,250. Everywhere, accidents to children reach their highest toll during the sum mer. when schools are closed and young sters play in the streets. Realizing that the total would be reduced if children could be kept off thoroughfares during the long vacation period, public-spirited citizens of Flint started a movement in 1934 to create and encourage establish ment of back-yard playgrounds. There were only forty such yards established that year, but the accident toll dropped 50 per cent below the 1933 figure, and the number of child deaths was reduced to 66 per cent. Encouraged by the success of the initial activity, Flint conducted in the summer of this year probably the great est child safety playground movement yet launched in the United States. Now it promises to be a permanent safety program in that city. A total of 1,234 registered back-yard One of the backyard playgrounds where children can enjoy their games free from the menace of motor vehicle traffic. APRIL, 1936 safety playgrounds was established, ex clusive of the regular civic playgrounds. Accidents to children were fewer by an estimated 25 per cent than in 1934. The average attendance of small children at the back-yard play lots was 6,500 daily, and the weekly attendance at the larger supervised civic playgrounds jumped from 23,700 in 1934'to 54,152 in 1935, The back-yard playground idea is only comparatively new. While Seattle adopt ed it before Flint, the latter city perhaps was the first community to forward the plan in an elaborate way, and sustain it in a highly organized manner. SAFETY i PLAY YARD4 v FOR EVERY , The insignia need in Flint while pro* rooting the safety play yard movement. The safety play yard movement in Flint was organized and actively man aged by Wilson S. Isherwood. Mr. l'sher- wood, who is the general sales manager of the AC Spark Plug division of General Motors, is also president of the Flint Automobile Club, and a leading advocate of safety measures. "As a rule, the success of a safety plan lies in appointing one institution to as sume all responsibility to carry out an objective. This responsibility was given to the local automobile c!ub,"<said Mr. Isherwood in describing the safety play ground movement. "Upon assuming this responsibility, we enlisted as cooperating agencies the Parent - Teacher Association, the Flint Police Department, The Daily Journal, the Junior League, the Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Boy Scouts and other members of the Flint Council of Recrea tional Agencies." The name "Safety Play Movement" was selected and an emblem was adopt ed. This emblem consisted of a shield with the words "Safety Play Yard for Every Child." '` (Please turn to page 64) 20 Safety Takes the Field Council representatives to assist states and cities in campaign to reduce traffic accidents ELIEVING that there is a definite B formula for preventing traffic acci dents, and that the solution of the 1928 he was a field representative of the National Safety Council and from 1928 to 1929 was director of the Territorial problem lies in the proper applicatioCnouncils Division of the National Safety of tried and proved methods, rather than Council. He became director of the in a search for a panacea, the National Safety Department of the Nashville Safety Council has dispatched eight Chamber of Commerce in 1932, and in specially trained field representatives in 1934 he was made safety director for the to various parts of the United States to CWA in Tennessee, and later director of work directly with officials and civic safety for the TVA. Prior to joining the bodies in carrying out the Council's cam National Safety Council staff in March paign to reduce automobile accidents 35 he was safety engineer in the U. S. De per cent or more by the end of 1940. partment of Labor. The " formula" is based on the suc The country has been divided into cessful experience of several cities and eight districts. states which have realized sizable reduc District No. 1, embracing New York, tions in their traffic death rates through Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode planned prevention programs. Island, Maine, New Hampshire and Ver The field men will work directly with mont, has been assigned to James Stan- organizations already engaged in safety nard Baker, Chicago, who has been work or, if no such organization is now prominent in safety work for many years. functioning, with the body or group best A graduate of the University of Wis fitted to do the work. consin, he has been with the National Expansion of the Council's public Safety Council since 1928, as assistant safety program to permit the use of field traffic engineer, fleet engineer and Secre men was made possible through a gen tary of the Committee on the Driver. erous grant from the automobile indus He has conducted surveys of traffic try. No dues from industrial members courts, administration of drivers' license are being used to finance this work. laws, driver education and driver fatigue. Paul F. Strieker, of Chicago, a gradu The field secretary for District No. 2, ate of Cornell and a veteran in the safety comprising New Jersey, Pennsylvania, field, has been made director of field Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, is service, which forms a part of the Coun Adam H. Lintz. of Lakewood. Ohio. Mr. cil's public safety program. From 1923 Lintz is a graduate of the Case School to 1925 Mr. Strieker was manager of the of Applied Science. He has been active Baltimore Safety Council, the first per in safety work since 1914, when he was son to hold that office; from 1925 to named safety engineer for the Pittsburgh Field representatives of the National Safety Council and others who are taking an active part in tlhe drive against traffic accidents. Riear row, left to right: Lloyd A. BI:inchard; Norman Damon, Automobile Manufacturers Assn.; W. H. Gameron; Mrs. Edward Hammett, General Federation of Women's Clubs; Lew Wallace, Motor Vehicle Commissioner, Iowa; J. B. Gibson, vice-president, NSC; Sidney J. Williams; Ben R. Stroup. At left of table: A. H. Lintz; Gordon C, Graham; Ralph W. Robinson; Charles E. Babcock. At right: Albert W. Whitney, vice-president, NSC; Paul F. Strieker; H. C. Seehausen; J. S. Baker. District of the American Steel & Wire Co. During most of the war period he served as a government safety engineer at the Norfolk Navy Yard, and in 1918 he became Assistant Chief Safety Engi neer to the II. S. Shipping Board in Philadelphia. From 1919 to 1926 he was Secretary-Manager of the Cleveland Safety Council. In January, 1934, he became one of three CWA Regional Safety Directors for the state of Ohio, holding this position until July, 1935, when he was named assistant to the Na tional Director of Safety for the WPA. In charge of District No. 3 will be Ben R. Stroup, of South Carolina. The district embraces North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia, Florida, Tennessee. Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. Mr. Stroup is a graduate of Citadel. He has been engaged in traffic work since October, 1921, when he joined the South Carolina Highway Department, work ing through nearly every branch of this work and finally becoming director of the Motor Vehicle Division of that state. District No. 4, including Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and West Vir ginia, has been assigned to Gordon C. (Please turn to page sg) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 21 Gasoline Fires in Garages By J. T. O'BRIEN Assistant Safety Director. Jersey Central Power JL' Light Co., Album Park, J, Experience shows the need for effective fire protection and greater care in handling flammable liquids EPORTS on 673 garage fires R occurring during the eight-year period from 1621 to 1928 indicate Gasoline tank overflowed and gasoline ignited from ash "pit, flashing back and cutting off escape......................... 1 the seriousness of the fire hazard and the Total ............................................- 25 need for more careful application of well-known precautions. While these re ports do not include many of the small fires which are occurring daily in garage property, the record includes a sufficient ly broad selection of serious garage fires to indicate the more important causes. In the 673 fires recorded there were 32 fatalities, and of these 25 were caused by the ignition of gasoline or gasoline vapor, classified as follows: No. of Deaths Gasoline vapor m contact with open Analysis of the same 673 fires shows that in 151 cases gasoline was a con tributory cause. Of these, three involved the servicing of automobiles, 47 resulted from cleaning with gasoline, 30 involved gasoline storage and filling, six resulted from unsafe practices in welding, 46 were due to ignition of flammable liquids or vapors from other causes, and 19 were attributed to mechanics' torches. These records indicate that more fires and explosions in garages have resulted from cleaning with gasoline than from flame ................................................... Explosion--exact cause unknown .......... Gasoline ignited by carelessly thrown match .....--.................... ---------- Explosion caused by welding unvented tank .................................................. Gasoline spilled on clothing ignited by 13 4 any other one cause. There are a num ber of cleaning materials which are much safer than gasoline and which give satis factory results for all ordinary require ments. There are also many cleaning powders cigaret .............................................. Nuzzle of sprayer struck ignition wire, causing spark which ignited gasoline vapor ...........................-................... sold under trade names, and the use of any of these will do away entirely with the fire and explosion hazard in cleaning Small hand extinguishers are indis pensable in small garages and useful in larger garages to supplement the protection afforded by the larger units. (Illustrations courtesy Walter Kidde & Co., Inc.) operations. The active substance of most of these powders is tri-sodium phosphate, which can be purchased in quantities at moderate cost. For use it is mixed with water in the proportion of about one handful of phosphate to a pail of water. It is most effective when the water is hot. A washing solution of this kind does not always remove bad spots, but in such cases use of kerosene or other safe clean ing liquids in small quantities is recom mended. Kerosene is much less volatile than gasoline and, therefore, preferable for cleaning. There a, ,: also numerous spe cial cleaning liquids approved by Under writers' Laboratories and most of these fall in three classes. The first of these, which includes liquids containing a large proportion of carbon tetrachloride, is the safest, being classed as noncombustibie and nonflammable. The second, which includes Stoddard solvent and similar cleaners, is in a class with kerosene. The third is classed between ethyl alcohol and kerosene. Most of these are more expensive than kerosene, but they cut grease more rapidly. It is recommended that only cleaning liquids approved by Underwriters' Laboratories be used. A noncombustible agent which is sometimes used is a mixture of gasoline and carbon tetrachloride by volume, the proportions varying with the flash points of the various grades of gasoline or naph tha. This mixture, however, is relatively high in cost and there is the danger of toxic effect when it is used indoors. Care must also be taken to make sure that evaporation does not leave a flammable compound, as carbon tetrachloride The wheeled type of carbon dioxide extinguisher is used extensively in the larger garages. APRIL. 1936 Interior view of the loading ramp for Radio City, New York. Carbon dioxide is piped from a remote cylinder bank and discharged through hose reel stations, one of which is shown at the upper right of the above picture. Note also the ventilation equipment. evaporates at a lower temperature than gasoline. The analysis shows that other fre quent causes of gasoline fires and explo sions are short circuits in electric exten sion cords, static electricity, lanterns, smoking, and sparks from electric drills. All sources of ignition should either be eliminated so far as practicable by in stalling approved vapor-proof electrical devices and proper maintenance of equipment or they should be kept at a safe distance from locations where gaso line vapors may exist. Where it is neces sary to keep a small supply of gasoline outside of the regular storage, it should always be in approved safety cans. The recommendations listed in this article are summarized from the N'.F. P.A. standards of good practice. Repair Pits and Trestles Elevated trestles or hoists are prefer able for this service. If pits are used, they should be continuously ventilated by a system independent of the main garage ventilating system. Such pits should be cleaned at least daily and no accumulation of oil and grease per mitted. Permanent illumination should be provided but supplementary lighting is permissible if properly guarded port able lamps attached to approved exten sion cords are used. When pits are constructed with one end open to an outside wall, either di rectly or through a transverse pit, at the same or lower level, natural ventila tion may ` be permitted, provided the floor level of the pit is above the natural outside grade, with air inlets at the pit floor level opposite each pit. There should also be a ventilating duct at the closed end of each pit. These ducts should extend to the outside air and be equipped with an approved suction creating device. In addition, vapor-proof globes should be installed over all lights and the use of electrically-driven tools and grease guns should be avoided in the pit. It has been common practice in many garages to use gasoline or other flam mable liquids for cleaning floors, ma chinery and auto parts. It is hardly necessary to add that this is extremely hazardous practice. Preference should be given to systems for cleaning and washing which utilize compressed air, steam, water pressure or nonflammable cleaning compounds. Cleaning vats or systems utilizing nonflammable liquids which must be heated for effective removal of grease and oil from automobile parts, are per missible only within the storage section if specifically approved for use where flammable vapors may be present. Washing operations involving the use of flammable liquids should be car ried on aln a separate room or section cut off from the storage section of the garage by two-hour fire partitions. Such rooms shall be adequately ventilated. The floor of such room or compartment should be fixed to an oil separator or trap discharging to the sewer. In most cities the storage of flam mable liquids is governed by state or municipal ordinances, most of which are based on the suggested ordinance of the X.F.P.A. Lubricating oils, grease and waste shall be stored in a well-ventilated oil room separated from the garage oper ating section by fire partitions. Reservoirs of motor vehicles should be filled outside the garage. Where this is not feasible, inside tilling operations may be permitted, provided only approved portable buggies and approved inside discharge systems are used. In all cases, filling should be by hose. When insurance features are involved, reference should be made to the regula tions of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for the installation of con tainers for storing and handling flam mable liquids. Where underground tanks containing different flammable liquids are located dose to each other (for example, gaso line and fuel oil) the fill pipe from each tank should be painted a distinctive color or otherwise marked conspicuously to indicate the contents of the tank to which it connects.' Typical Fires A few fires typical of those which have occurred in garages will illustrate the hazards involved. 1. One of these fires involved the death of two men, both experienced em ployees, although the property damage was negligible. The accident occurred in a bus storage and repair garage. Witnesses reported having heard a muffled explosion and noticed a sheet of flame which apparently originated under an automobile that was being greased. After the explosion the man who had been greasing the car was found dead with the clothing practically all burned from his body. The other employee who had been cleaning the runway died the following day. The automobile, which was apparent ly directly over the source of the explo sion, was undamaged, and its gasoline supply system remained intact. The only property damage was slight damage to the grease gun. An examination of the fluid used for cleaning the pit showed it to be Oakite solution. (Please turn to page 60) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Is Safety Profitable? - - Ask Milwaukee One thousand dollars spent for the safety of municipal employees saves the city $30,000 in accident costs By C. F. SCHEER 23 T ANTED--An American city YV to invest $1,000 a year, with a guaranteed annual return of $30,000." " How many municipalities would turn down an offer that promised a return of .5.000 per cent, and actually carried out this promise in hard cash? Not many, if the proposition were stated in such explicit terms. Yet thousands of communities are overlooking just such a profitable arrangement, simply because it bears the name '`safety" rather than "investment." In the city of Milwaukee, a communi ty of about three-quarters of a million, the methodical, analytically - minded city fathers saw long ago what most communities to this day have failed to see -- that money invested in safety brings an immense return, not only in human lives preserved, but also in dol lars and cents. First the theory was applied to public safety. Mayor Dan W. Hoan, now rounding out his 25th year as chief executive of Wisconsin's leading city, organized the Milwaukee Safety Commission twenty years ago -- the first municipal public safety body in the United States. Since that time untold human misery and countless thousands in property losses have been spared through the public safety program which has made Mil waukee the safest of America's larger cities. In the fall of 1932 the Milwaukee Members of the Milwaukee Safety Commission's sub-committee take off their coats and dig into the work at hand. They are, left to right. Paul Johanning, Lester Lee, William Franklin, George Haislmaier. Joseph Malloy, Edward Gerlach, Edison Klein* steuber, Alvin J. Horn and Alfred ft. Gandrey. Board of Estimates met to draft a budget for the following year. That, if one cares to remember, was about the time that the "outgo" of most cities was so far in advance of the income that no one ever expected the latter to catch up. Mil waukee was not without its problems, and when the customary budget was be ing drafted, the Board of Estimates picked every item to pieces to see whether it could be scaled down or elim inated. Indicts Costly Mishaps City Attorney Max Raskin pointed to an outlay of $90,000 for compensa tion payments and medical expenses in city employees' injury cases, an expendi ture which had been taken as a matter of course in years past. "Here's where we can cut!" he ex claimed. "We've got to reduce our com pensation costs." "How?" the board echoed. "Well," said Mr. Raskin, "we know accidents can be prevented. We've proved it through the work of the Safety Commission in public safety. Why not apply the same idea to city employees on an industrial basis?" It had the ring of a sound idea, and before the Board adjourned, it had ap propriated $1,000 for the experiment. And for the first time in American his tory a municipality started to adapt safety measures to public employees. The proposition was laid before the Safety Commission, and, with Assistant City Attorney Alfred R. Gandrey taking a leading part, an investigation into city employee accidents was begun. To the astonishment of those concerned, the de partmental data on these accidents were so meager as to be valueless. Very often, in the case of a minor accident where the employee lost little or no time from his job. a departmental head knew abso lutely nothing of the injury. Nor did anyone know how many accidents oc curred in each department throughout a given year, or what the average cost of an accident was. Apparently it was a fertile field for safety education and safety work, and the Safety Commission lost no time. Im mediately a sub-committee was organ ized to plan and direct a safety program for municipal employees. Every city de partment was represented on the sub committee, though not by department chiefs. The original personnel, still in APRIL. 1936 24 office, includes Paul Johanning, Depart ment of Public Works; Lester Lee, City FERA Projects; William Franklin, Bridges and Buildings Bureau; George Haislmaier, Bureau of Sewers; Joseph Malloy, City Service Commission; Ed ward Gerlach, Garbage Collection De partment; Edison Kleinsteuber, Fire and Police Alarm System; Alvin J. Horn, School Administration; and Alfred Gandrey, Assistant City Attorney. A lecture course to promote safety consciousness on the iob was the first step. Eight speakers addressed meet ings of department heads on such sub jects as the use of hand tools, piling stock, carbon dioxide, and the use of machinery. An industrial poster service was started, and the posters were put to work on 90 boards. Periodic special bulletins, explaining hazards peculiar to certain departments, supplemented the posters. Personal interviews were held with accident victims or with accidentprone employees. Positive Records But most important of all, a simple, effective system of recording accidents was instituted. Now every accident, regardless of how minor, is reported to the office of the City Attorney on a detailed form. Monthly records are maintained, listing first the number of the injury case, then the name of the employee involved, the city department to be charged with the accident, the nature of the injury, how it occurred, and the cost of compensa tion, cost of medical treatment, and wages paid during the time lost from the job. At the end of the month these entries are transferred, in somewhat less detail ed form, to large annual record sheets, the size of newspaper pages. Thus a complete picture of the municipal acci dent situation is always available. Each month reports are sent to all department heads, dtv officials, and aldermen. These reports list each de partment and bureau, together with the number of injuries charged to that de partment for the month, and the com parative figure for the same month of the previous year. This phase of the re porting system strikes dose to home. Department heads are able to compare their statistics with those of another de partment employing the same number of persons and doing somewhat similar work. Thus safety competition arises, and department heads make it a point to keep posted on ail accidents which occur and all bulletins issued by the Safety Commission's sub - committee. Aldermen, too, take a personal interest in the accident figures and thus exert a valuable force in the program. With this program established, the sub-committee did not consider its work completed. Instead, it found that it could fulfill a very important function bv perpetuating itself. At the end of each month the sub committee analyzes the current accident reports. In some cases little or nothing can be done to correct the accident cause. For example, as long as persons con tinue to violate city ordinances, police officers are likely to incur scratches or contusions in making arrests. And as long as fires continue to break out, a certain number of firemen will be injured by falling debris or overcome by fumes. But there are many cases about which the committee can and does do some thing. An outstanding example is the poison ivy trouble experienced at one time by park workers. In addition to putting poison ivy warning posters on display where ail park workers might see them, the committee arranged meetings in the parks, where the employees were shown actual samples of the noxious plant and told how to distinguish it from harmless weeds. In another type of accident several teamsters in the waste collection service had been injured. Because of the fre quent stops necessary in this work, it was illogical for the teamsters to keep climbing from the ground to the wagon seat and back again. They had, instead, walked beside the wagon, grasping the reins to guide the horses. The trouble occurred when the horses became fright ened, dashing away and jerking the teamster against the wagon or beneath the wheels. The sub-committee puzzled over this for a long time. Then the solu tion occurred. The reins could be length ened. This would enable the driver to remain on the ground, but walk behind the wagon, thus avoiding any possibility of injury beneath the wheels. Under this diagnostic method of at tack, accidents have been dropping off rapidly. Recently the sub - committee sent "Safety Suggestion Cards" to every city employee. These contained spaces in which hazards peculiar to the individual departments might be listed, together with the employee's suggestion for a remedy. Many worth-while ideas have been received in this manner. As an out growth of the "Safety Suggestion Card," the city building inspector is working on a plan to standardize the location of water meters in every new home built. and to make these locations easily acces sible to the meter reader. Gradually it is planned also to re-locate the meters in the older homes, so that fewer city em ployees will be injured by having to ven ture into unlighted, dangerous corners. Another example is the effort to stand ardize waste containers to eliminate hazards in the waste collection service. Under this program ail make-shift re ceptacles and all battered, leaky con tainers will be condemned. Some of the safety suggestions are used as a basis for appropriation requests to the Board of Estimates. First aid work is in progress, and the sub-committee intends that every city employee be instructed in the funda mentals of this procedure. In 1935 ten men qualified as instructors in the stand ard Red Cross first aid course. These instructors will disseminate first aid knowledge throughout the staff of city employees. While this is a comprehensive pro gram, it is still far from ideal, in the eyes of B. L. Corbett, executive secretary of the Milwaukee Safety Commission, through whose hands most of the de tailed administrative work passes. Now emphasis is placed on establishing safety consciousness. Eventually it is hoped to broaden the work, incorporating peri odic physical examinations and other factors which have proved valuable in an industrial safety program. Proves Its Worth But even if it has not been perfected, Milwaukee's safety program for city em ployees has accomplished a worth-while task during the three years of its exist ence. First of all, it has reduced human suffering in great part. Secondly, where the municipal budget for employee acci dents formerly mounted to $90,000 a year in round numbers, it now rests at about $60,000--a return of $30,000 on an investment of $1,000. When it is considered that some 10,000 employees, ranging from police officers and pick-and-shovel workers, to school teachers and librarians, are affected, it may readily be seen that Milwaukee has accomplished a great deal with a nom inal sum of money. Furthermore, the city has pioneered the way to a sound method of budget cutting. "Doc" Corbett agrees that the faith placed in the program by the city fathers has been vindicated. "Any city could use a safety engineer to advantage." he says, "and he would save the city time and again the amount of his salary." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 25 L!_ Sight-Meter Tells the Tests Show Paint's Value as an Aid to Lighting XCREASIXG the amount of illum In the unpainted room, due to the low I ination does not necessarily insure good lighting in factory, office or reflection value of the walls and ceiling, the sight meter registered only one foot home. Illumination engineers havecandle. pointed out that strong light in a dark, In the dirty room, which had been dingy shop does not produce good see painted at one time, the surfaces had ing conditions. Light, to meet the funda become so soiled that they reflected but mentals of good seeing must comprise little light. The reading was only four (1) an adequate source: (2) a suitable foot candles. reflecting surface, and i3) sufficient dif fusion to avoid glare. In industry, walls and ceilings constitute the principal re flecting surfaces. They must also con tribute in diffusing or spreading light. The familiar automobile headlight at night as opposed to that same headlight seen in the daytime will probably remain a classical illustration of the relation ship of light to its background. Against a bright and diffused daylight it presents no discomfort, but at night it is a source In the room painted white for maxi mum light reflection, the meter jumped to 2 21< foot candles. Translated to the industrial plant, these pictures emphasize the value of the proper use of white paint and its relation to reducing eye strain with its attendant ill health and lowered outp'h. They also point out how shadows, glare and too low light levels may be avoided by adequate light reflection. of severe glare. This condition is to a degree duplicated in many industries. Where it exists, operators' movements REFLECTION VALUES OF are always slower and less sure. Ample illumination has the effect of magnify ing an object, and moving parts appear to be moving more slowly where light is good. Xote also how much more con fidently you drive at night on the white concrete highway where the flood of light is reflected and distributed by the white surface. In tests conducted in the SherwinWilliams Laboratories, the camera has caught a most interesting story showing the values of light reflection. The sight meter confirms what the camera record ed. With the same amount of illumination, the intensity of light recorded by the sight meter ranged from one to 2214 PAINT COLORS White Ivory Canary Yellow Cream Caen Stone Orchid Cream Gray Ivory Tan Sky Blue Buff Pale Green Shell Pink Bright Sage Silver Gray Olive Tan Forest Green Cocoanut Brown Black Per Cent 89 82 77 77 76 67 66 66 65 63 59 55 52 46 43 22 16 2 foot candles. Paint has other definite functions in industry besides illumination in the pro motion of safety. Severe moisture con ditions and wet, slippery floors present definite hazards to employees moving about, These hazards are greatly re duced in a clean, sanitary plant where paint is utilized to control moisture, dirt, darkness and disorder. Employees in a well painted plant keep it clean and keep it in order. Feeding of calenders in paper mills, and passing paper over the driers have been the cause of frequent accidents. So much so that progressive mills have tackled these and other hazardous oper ations from two angles. They have in creased the level of illumination, and also adopted color effects. The moving parts are given a color contrasting with the pastel shades used on the machines. In many plants, red is applied to all dangerous moving parts, and operating levers are given an identifying color to promote sure and safe movements of machine operators. Huge power presses in automobile and other plants use red on the bottom of press rams and red on belt guards. Many plants use red on conveyor trucks, dangerous chemical containers, crane lifts and other danger ous and moving items. High visibility for crane hooks and plant trucks leads many wide-awake operating divisions to use a bright orange on these surfaces. Another outstanding function of paint is the promotion of safety in marking aisles, storage zones and passageways where overhead cranes might cause acci dents. Orange is used where overhead cranes present a hazard. White is used for other safety aisles. It is interesting to observe the respect workers have for (Please turn to page 6r) APRIL, 1936 26 Safety Council Launched at New York Conference By ROGER WILLIAMS Chairman, General Conference Committee, Seventh Annual Greater Sew York Safety Conference NE of the most gratifying reports O of the Seventh Annual Greater New York Safety Conference was As in past years, the Conference this year was conducted under the sponsor ship of the Metropolitan Chapter of the that of the attendance committee. MoAremerican Society of Safety Engineers. than 6.000 representatives of industry Engineering Section, N. S. C., and more and institutions in and around Xew York than 80 other cooperating organizations, were present--the largest attendance yet such as the American Red Cross, Auto recorded. The first of the conferences mobile Club, the Board of Education of had an attendance of only 700. the City of New York, the Boy and Girl Another forward - looking step was Scouts, nurses associations. Camp Fire taken at the Conference this year when Girls, Boys' Club, welfare bodies, police the Greater New York Safety Council, departments, industrial and engineering Inc., was presented to the public. This associations, and parent-teacher associa Council will be able to coordinate, de tions. velop and finance a broader program, Characterizing the motorist as a mod to reach more individuals in the area, em Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Ralph continuing the campaign of education W. Sockman, minister of Christ Church and prevention. Campaigns such as that in New York, who delivered the keynote of the New Y'ork Police Department will address of the Conference, said, "The be able to accomplish even more when motor car and improved roads give supported by such a Council. The pub human beings a chance to escape from lic will have an opportunity to enlist in daily routine, and the quiet gentleman this organization, attend future Confer of the office becomes the speed maniac ences organized and managed by it, and of the highway. An auto - intoxication receive the services it will be prepared to prevails which often plays havoc with render. sound judgment and consideration for The major theme of the Conference others. this year was expressed in the title of the "We have made better progress in per first session, ``Safety Marches On." fecting the horsepower of our machines Our slogan, "It's Intelligent to Be than in developing the manpower for Safe," was launched in our pre-confer their control. As a result we have silent ence publicity, and it caught the public motors and lawless mobs, smoothly run fancy immediately. The second day ning cars and accident - marked roads. after its release the New York Sun ran It is time that we began applying the an editorial entitled, "Popular Game," genius of America to the development in which it described the antics of the and safeguarding of the human factors "gutter-stander," a person who. oblivi of work and travel." ous of danger, disregards traffic lights, moves into the gutter and stands poised for an opportunity to dart out. He causes cars to stop suddenly to keep from running him down, thereby causing rearend collisions. Within a few days after the publication of the Sun's editorial a number of letters appeared in the columns of this newspaper, praising the Sun for calling attention to traffic dis rupters of this nature. Each writer an nounced that he or she would take care not to be a gutter-stander. It was in teresting to note that every writer in some way used our slogan, "It's Intelli gent to Be Safe." Shock Psychology Counseling against the shock psy chology which has marked accident stories of recent months. Dr. Sockman pointed out that people can be awakened by fright, but that they cannot be kept in a healthy state of wakefulness by that method. "A frightened driver," he said, "is al most as dangerous as a reckless one. We must develop carefulness without timidi ty, and ' confidence without rashness. This requires a program of safety educa tion--sane, persistent and universal. "It requires intelligence. The leaders of this Conference were wise in choosing for their slogan, 'It's Intelligent to Be Safe.' The one thing that the modern young person dislikes above all others is to be thought `dumb.' It is excellent strategy to picture safety as a matter of intelligence rather than of morals or policy. We must keep Dr. Jekvil in con trol and Mr. Hyde under control." Dr. Miller McClintock, director of the Bureau of Street Traffic Research at Harvard University, pointed out that streets not only govern the trade effi ciency and the safety of individuals in a community, but that they also serve as the community's greatest recreational asset, opening the way to travel and ex cursions. A Profitable investment Lew R. Palmer, conservation engineer for the Equitable Life Assurance Society, spoke on "Street and Highway Safety -- A Community Problem," describing the work of the National Traffic Safety Contest. "In 1934," he said, "the insurance companies paid out more than $400,000,(XX) on 101,000 accidental deaths and the accompanying injuries (not includ ing the millions paid for property damage). The figure would have ex ceeded $600,000,000 had not more than 54,000 lives been saved during that year through the cumulative effect of organ ized accident prevention effort, largely brought about by the National Safety Council and our affiliated Councils. This annual saving of more than $200,000,000 indicates that safety is one of the best investments that insurance companies can make." Despite the publicity competition offered by one of the most distressing elevator strikes ever experienced in New York, the Conference won space on the front page when Captain William M. Kent, commanding officer of the Safety Bureau of the New York Police Depart ment, made the statement that "an anti quated code of traffic regulations, de signed for the horse-and-buggy days, is being revised in substantial harmony with recommended uniform standards to comply with modern conditions, and this should prove a valuable contribution to better conditions on streets and high ways of New York City." He explained that speed limits would be raised from fifteen miles an hour in congested areas to 25, and from 20 in outlying districts to 30 miles an hour. He added that "express" streets are be ing planned. (Please turn to page 62) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 Water and Fatigue Provision for replenishing the body's water supply becomes increasingly important as summer approaches Fngidaire C'orp. HE importance of water can be bet Tter realized when it is recalled that water constitutes two-thirds of This fountain with a guarded jet which cannot be touched with the lips provides water at regulated temperature. Artificial cooling is usually more economical than leaving a tap running. the weight of the human body. In view small towns, however, where there is no of this it is essential not only that suf ficient water be absorbed, but also that this water be pure. Impure water can cause many serious official water analysis, or where the plant has an independent water supply, it is advisable to analyze the water period diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, ically. If the plant itself has not the typhoid and cholera. If the water sup ply is pure but the method of dispensing means for such an analysis, samples may be sent to laboratories, to universities or is not sanitary, diseases such as colds, to city or state health departments. influenza and diphtheria may be trans mitted from one person to another. These laboratories will give instructions as to the proper method of taking sam In most industrial plants and offices the problem of purity is not particularly ples and the type of container to use. In plants where the plumbing is old troublesome, since the sanitary quality it is also advisable to provide for analy of city water is generally reliable. In sis of the drinking water. While city water is generally free cramps, while water that is insufficiently cool will fail to give the relief from fatigue that a worker desires. Generally speaking, water should not be cooler than 45 degrees F,, and SO degrees is the preferable temperature for both office and factory workers. How may this ideal temperature be maintained? Some plants have attempt ed to cope with the problem by letting the water run at the bubblers, but this method is likely to prove far too costly in the iong run, particularly where there are many outlets. The ideal arrange ment is to have individual coolers at from contamination, it may contain sedi each outlet. This will assure proper tem ment, and for this reason some plants perature of the water upon delivery at have provided their cooling systems with the nozzle. A system found practical in filters. Where this practice is followed large industrial plants where there are the filter should be cleaned frequently. numerous outlets is a circulatory system If the quality of the drinking water operated from a central cooler. In a sys is questionable, provisions should be tem of this sort it is important to make made for boiling or distilling it. The re sure that fountains are not located on sultant flat taste can be offset by bub dead - end pipes, for such connections bling air through the water. Since modern water - cooling equip ment permits convenient use of bottled will permit water to collect near the fountain and become warm. It is well to remember also that ice should never water, a ready solution to the purity come in direct contact with the supply problem is offered those whose drinking of drinking water. General Electric < o. Many offices stores and factories are modernizing their drinking fountains. water requirements are not too great. But assurance of the purity of the water is not enough. The temperature, too. must be right if the employee is ex pected to use the water provided. For example, a perspiring workman, offered his choice between a glass of luke-warm. sanitary bottled water and one of cool water of doubtful quality, would in variably choose the latter. In the summer time the problem of temperature is particularly pressing. Water that is too cool may cause painful Equally important with purity and temperature is accessibility. Unless enough outlets are provided, one of two things will happen. Either the employees will not drink enough water, or they will drink at the expense of time lost from their jobs. This is a matter of dollars and cents in plant efficiency, for unless water is accessible, there may be a loss either through fatigue or through wasted time. (Please turn to page 53) APRIL. 1936 28 Evanston's Safety Record fifteen points; child safety, ten points; and public education, ten points. Thus two types of accomplishment in Wins Another Grand Prize safety work were recognized in making the awards: first, a low death rate from motor vehicle accidents and a reduction Milwaukee is again winner in Group I of National Traffic Safety Contest in the death rate from the previous year's mark: and second, activities designed to place a further curb on the traffic mor tality. The latter item included the en OR the second time since the Na F tional Traffic Safety Contest was launched four years ago the city V, cities between 25,000 and 50.000 population. Tucson, Ariz., placed sec ond, and Central Falls, R. L, was third. actment of regulations, the establish ment of administrative machinery and the promotion of educational activities. of Evanston, HI., a suburb of ChicagoH,onorable mention cities were Oshkosh, The bi-lateral nature of the contest has won a clear title to the grand prize. Wis.: Everett, Mass.; Elgin, 111.; Joliet, not only places a premium on a splendid The award was announced following 111.: Stamford. Conn.: Pensacola, Fla.; statistical record, but also offers recog a meeting in New York of a committee Hackensack, X. J.; Plainfield, X, J.; nition for activity which will affect the of judges composed of Thomas H. Mac and Parkersburg, W. Va. future safety standards of a community. Donald, chief of the l\ S. Bureau of Swissvale, Pa., was first in Group VI, Public Roads, Washington, chairman; cities between 10,000 and 2S.000 popu Harold S. Buttenheim, editor, American City Magazine, New York; Dr. Miller McClintock, director. Bureau of Street lation. Second in this group was Roselle, X, J., and third, Pampa, Texas. Cities in this classification which received hon This Sign Promises Highway Courtesy Traffic Research, Harvard University, orable mention included Massena, X, Cambridge, Mass.; and Dr. C. H. Wat Y. ; Grand Island, Nebr.; Brainerd, son, president of the National Safety Minn.; La Grange, 111.; Austin, Minn.; Council. Fairmont, W. Va.; Mt. Lebanon, Pa.; Working in close cooperation with the Ossining, X. Y.: Ventura, Calif.; Fair- National Safety Council, Evanston has haven, Mass.; Rochester, Minn.; Hib- consistently remained near the top in bing, Minn.; Beatrice, Neb.; South the contest activities. Orange, X. J.; Astoria, Oregon; and In 1932 Pittsburgh and Evanston were Pekin, 111. tied for the grand prize. The award was won by Evanston in 1933, by Milwaukee in 1934, and again by Evanston in the CTATES as well as municipalities ^ were judged in the traffic contest, past year. Illinois winning first place in the Class In addition to the grand prize, awards A group. New JTersey and Massachusetts were made in six divisions of the contest. W'ere given honorable mention. In Group Milwaukee won first place in the AA Minnesota placed first, honorable Group I classification, for cities of more mention going to Georgia and West Vir than 500,000 population. New York ginia. Delaware was first in Group placed second in this group and Chicago AAA, Arizona and Nebraska winning third. San Francisco and Detroit were honorable mention. given honorable mention. A total of 801 municipalities and 33 Providence, R. I., was the winner in Group II. cities between 250.000 and 500,00^ population. St. Paul, Minn., was second, and Seattle, Wash., third. Jersey City, Denver and Birmingham, Ala., won honorable mention. Syracuse, NT. Y., placed first in Group III, cities between 100,000 and 250,000 population. Lynn. Mass., won second place, and Spokane, Wash., third. Hon orable mention was given Utica, X. Y,; Duluth, Minn.; Fall River, Mass.: Som states took part in the contest, the pur pose of which was to bring suitable recognition to communities which made constructive strides in overcoming their traffic accident problems and to the states in which these cities were located. In determining the winners the ele ment of chance was largely removed by an unusually thorough system of grad ing. Many items were studied in deter mining the amount of work done by the participating communities. The motor X^OUR large display trucks recently *" purchased by the Caterpillar Trac tor Company, Peoria, Illinois, to carry its exhibit material around the national circuit of distributor's schools carry re assuring messages to motorists on the highway. At the rear of each truck, in bold lettering, is the following: "Caterpillar equipment builds and maintains roads. Sound horn--Half of this one is yours." erville, Mass.; and Wilmington, Del. vehicle death rate was considered, and Members of the training department In Group IV, cities between 50,000 also the reduction in this rate compared crews who man the bright yellow trucks and 100,000 population, Evanston won with the average of the three preceding have received detailed instructions rela first place. Allentown, Pa., was second, years. A maximum of 50 points was tive to safe driving. Schedules have been and Holyoke, Mass., was third. Cities allowed for this item. arranged to cut night driving to a mini winning honorable mention were Greens Other factors involved in the judging mum. Fast driving is taboo. boro, X. C,; Oak Park. 111.; Bingham of the contest were accident reporting, In the accompanying picture, M. E. ton, N. Y.; Brockton, Mass.; and At for which five points were the maximum ( Cap) Jenks, member of the training de lantic City, N. J. allowed; traffic engineering, a maximum partment. is pointing to the guarantee Superior. Wis., placed first in Group of ten points: traffic law enforcement. of highway hospitality on the truck. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 29 On to Atlantic City at any time during the day. These books have no connection with the regular sug gestion system of the company but are designed exclusively for the expression The Scene of the Twenty-fifth Annual Safety Congress--October 5-9, 1936 of thoughts by employees. After the suggestion has been written in the book, the foreman will send one copy of the suggestion to the Personnel Department TLANTIC CITY has been chosen A for the Congress city of 1936. Be cause of this famous resort's popu would be present, and the Congress com mittees were not able to arrange any special programs for the employee dele for record and follow-up purposes. larity as a convention city, a comprgoates. This year's plan will include mise on dates had to be arranged, and them. After the Congress, a report will finally the week of October S to 9 was be made to member companies telling decided upon. of the number of worker delegates in The Congress comes to Atlantic City at the whole-hearted invitation of the leading organizations and industries of New Jersey and many of the leaders in business and public life, including Gov ernor Harold G. Hoffman. ** * attendance, the interest shown, etc. Even before the time and place of this year's Congress was announced, Philadelphia Works of the General Elec tric Company announced in the Phila delphia Works News that two employees would be sent as delegates. Every employee in the plant has an Atlantic City's hotel facilities will be opportunity to be selected for this honor. ample for all the needs of the Congress. The conditions that will determine the Sessions will be held in the Convention eligibility of the candidates are: That Hall and the Ambassador, Chelsea and the employee himself be free from acci Ritz-Cariton Hotels. dents and by thought and action show ** * his interest in the promotion of safety for the benefit of others. One of the developments of the 1935 To assist the employee in submitting Congress was the unusual number of safety ideas, a memo book is being placed employee delegates in attendance. Un at the foreman's desk in each depart fortunately, employers did not let Coun ment. Any suggestions which are to be cil headquarters know in time how many offered may be written in these books Safety Takes the Field (Continued front page 20) Graham, of Detroit, who attended the University of Michigan, and immediate ly afterward became engaged in person nel and industrial safety work for the Rverson Steel Corporation, Chicago. From 1925 to 1926 he was safety engi neer for the Packard Motor Car Com pany: from 1926 to 1928, safety engi neer for the Detroit Industrial Safety Council; and since that time safety engi neer for the Detroit Board of Education. District No. 5, which includes Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin, is under the super vision of Mr. Strieker who will make his headquarters at the office of the National Safety Council in Chicago. Field secretary for District No. 6, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, is Lloyd A. Blanchard, of Belmont, Mass. From 1919 to 1924 Mr. Blanchard was in charge of employment and safety at the HOTELS AND RATES* Hotel Single AMBASSADOR . $3.00 to $6.00 CHELSEA ......... 3.00 to 6.00 RITZ-CARLTON 3,00 to 5.00 Traymore ............. 4.00 to 10.00 Shelburne ............ 4.00 to 6,00 Dennis ................... 4.00 to 6.00 Brighton .............. 4.00 to 5.00 Ohalfonte- Haddon Hall . 3.00 to $.00 Claridffe ........___ 4,00 to 6,00 Knickerbocker .,. 3.00 to 4.0O New Belmont .... 2.50 to 3.00 Seaside .................. 3.00 to Jefferson ................ 3,00 to Madison ............... 2.50 to 4.00 3.50 4.00 Monticello ........... Colton Manor .... 3.00 to 5.00 Morton .............. to 4.U0 Franklin Inn .... 2.50 to Richfield 2.00 to Ludy ................... . 3.00 to ffrnssmart's ....... 2.50 to Lafayette ........ . 3.00 to 3.00 3.00 4.00 3,50 .00 Double $6.00 to $10.00 5.00 to s.00 6.00 to 10.00 6,00 to 1.2.00 6.00 to $.00 6.00 to 10.00 6.00 to 8.00 5.00 to 10,00 6.00 to 5.00 to $.00 7.00 4.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 5.00 to 5.00 to 6,00 6,00 6.00 7.00 S.00 6.00 4.00 to 4.00 to 5.00 to 4.00 to 5.00 to 5.00 6.00 7.00 6.00 7.00 All double rooms with twin beds. 2 Room Suite--$12.00 and up. 2 Room Suite--$6.00 and up. $2.50 single and $4.00 double rooms without bath. 2 Room Suite--$10.00 and up. 1 to 4 persons. 3rd person in double room. $2.00 dally. 2 Room Suite--$8,00 and up. 1 to 4 persons. Adjoining: parlor, same rate as singrle" room. All double rooms with twin beds. Two rooms with connecting- bath, $8.00 for 3 persons; $10,00 for 4 persons, 10 lar^e rooms--3 or 4 persons-- $2.00 per person. Practically ail rooms with twin beds, 2 Room Suite--4 persons--$2,00 per person. 2 Room Suite -- 4 persons--$3.00 per person. 2 Room Suite--2 persons fa> $3.00 per person; 4 persons & $2.00 per person. 2 Room Suite--$8.00 fcnd up. All rooms with bath unless otherwise specified. Listed hotels located on the Boardwalk or within the adjoining: city blocks. Rooms at lower rates, and at other than listed hotels, may be obtained by writing directly to P. M, AMSTUTZ. Secretary, Atlantic City Safety Council. Board of Educa tion Bid*?., Atlantic City, N. J. National Equipment Co., Springfield. Mass.; from 1925 to 1929, manager of the Springfield Safety Council; and from 1929 to 1935 was head of the state-wide highway safety program as executive secretary of the Massachusetts Gover nor's Committee on Street and Highway Safety. Charles E. Babcock, of Minnesota, is in charge of District No. 7, embracing Minnesota, South Dakota, North Da kota, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colo rado, .Arizona and New Mexico. Mr. Babcock was formerly highway commis sioner of Minnesota and past-president of the American Road Builders' Assn. Included in District No. 8 are Wash ington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada and Cali fornia. This area has been assigned to Ralph W. Robinson, of San Francisco, who served as executive secretary of the San Francisco Traffic Survey Committee from 1926 to 1931. This organization brought about many major improve ments in San Francisco's system of traf fic control. During this period, Mr. Robinson was also identified with vari ous state-wide programs to reduce traf fic accidents. More recently he served as western field auditor of the Traffic Audit Bureau. Inc., of New York. APRIL, 1936 30 The Safety Exchange --------- ------------"A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT"---------- ----------------- The ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method send in a description, with illustration, if possible. These devices are home-made and are not available commercially Serviceable Tool Rack from Scrap Lumber This portable tool rack was made from scrap lumber. It holds the tools firmly, and permits the easy selection of the right tools. Drain Pit Thoroughly Guarded Thoroughly protected by mechanical safeguards is this automobile drain pit. Chains attached to stalwart iron posts prevent persons from falling into the open pit. Beyond the steps, at the bottom of the pit, is an electric fan which draws fresh air into the pit whenever the latter is in use. It circulates the air constantly, dis placing carbon monoxide gas which may settle to the bottom of the pit. Note the metal toeboards around the pit to prevent objects from falling into it while men are at work. The article and photograph were received from Clay Bartlett, transportation superintendent, Appalachian Electric Power Company, Charleston, W. Va. Fireproof Container for Oil Filters and Blotter Presses To avoid the fire hazard caused by keeping blotters in cardboard cartons, a container with a separate compartment for rags has been developed. It is divided into two compartments, the top for oily rags, and the bottom, which has a door similar to a range oven, for a stock of blotter paper. This compartment assists the operator as he has one place for both rags and blotter paper. This device was developed by J. G. Wilson, of the West Penn Power Company, Pittsburgh, who will be glad to furnish details to anyone interested. Safety Light for Crane Repairmen To indicate that the main switch on the crane is out, a switch is located in the switchbox to control an indicating light. When the main switch is thrown, a lever automatically makes contact to throw on this light and warn repairmen. Beq Pardon Through an oversight the Consoli dated Gas Company of New York was credited with devising a man-hole cover lifting hook illustrated in the Safety Ex change of the March issue of the Na tional Safety News. The New York Edison Company perfected the device and should have been so credited. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 31 Life of Hose Lines Easily Prolonged Here is a simple method of prolong ing the life of hoses and feed lines. Pieces of old hose, of slightly larger dimensions than the one being protected, are cut off in widths of 1 % inch or more. These pieces are placed over the hose at points where the hose might come in contact with the ground or some other object and be subject to wear. The protecting pieces may be either slipped over the end or cut lengthwise and placed around the hose in the desired position. Special Crane Hook for Locomotive Tires This ingenious device for handling train wheel tires safely is used by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It operates as follows: When the crank hook is lowered, the latch "A" fits over the flange of the tire, while the rest of the tire fits into the slot. When the crane is lifted, pressure exerted by the tire against the device holds the tire in place. A pull on handle "B" will re lease the latch; however, when tires are stacked close together it may be neces sary to lift latch by hand. Safety Cleats of Simple Construction This cleat is made of one piece of metal 3 }/2 inches wide and 2 '/> inches long. The corners are bent down about vapor - proof fixtures. The standards shown are about six feet, six inches high, and the lamp when hanging from the fork is about six feet above the ground. This takes the glare out of the worker's eyes, and is at a good height to be ob served by traffic. l4 inch below the sole and heel of the footwear, and the strap lugs turned up about I'j inch. The cleat is strapped onto the foot with a strip of lace leather passed through the lug to loop over the instep, cross over the instep, and tie around the ankle. The cleat gives good protection against slipping and is inexpensive and simple to make. The Pittsburgh Coal Company developed this device. Hand Hold and Portable Seat for Mine Car To lessen the hazard of riding the rear car of a mine train is the purpose of the iron hand hold and portable brakeman's seat shown in the accom panying illustration. The hand hold is stationary while the seat, which hooks over the top, can be easily removed. The photograph was furnished by the United States Bureau of Mines. APRIL, 1936 Equipment Safeguards Street Workers at Night To protect workers and to prevent automobiles backing into excavations or uncovered man-holes, Hamlin & Com pany, of New York City, calls attention to this equipment. It consists of four single standards of 114 inch pipe, each welded to a base composed of pieces of pipe welded in the shape of a cross. A small fork is welded at the top to hold a lamp. Lamps are used in groups of four to outline the job. To provide illumination as well as warning signals, three of the lamps are red and one is white. Drop lights are provided on separate extension cords, so they can be taken into any opening. All the equipment is weatherproof, and where gases are likely to be en countered the lights are equipped with 32 THE SAFETY LIBRARY By MARY M. WELLS LIBRARIAN, N. S. C. Silicosis Anthraco-Silicosis Among Hard Coal Miners. By J. J. Bloomfield and others. Published by the V. S. Public Health Service, 1936. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washing ton, D. C. Price 23c. Pamphlet. (Public Health Bulletin .Vo. 221) Mortality from respiratory diseases was found to be much greater among anthracite workers than among the gen eral adult male population of the coun try. The data indicated that under ground work in the absence of dust did not predispose to fatal attacks of re spiratory disease. Silicosis as Affecting Mining Workmen and Operations. By D. Har rington. Published by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1936. Free. (l.C. 6867) " The author says " `Stop the Dust' should be not only the slogan but also one of the major health and safety efforts of mining employers and em ployees, including those working in all kinds of dry mines. Ventilation is one of the most effective alleviating agencies, and the use of water is a dose second." Mines and Mining Coal Mine Explosions and Fires in the U. S. During the Fiscal Yeas Ended June 30, 1935. By D. Harring ton and W. J. Fene. Published by U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1936. Free. (I.C. 6870) In the 20-year period preceding 1929, mine explosions and fires took an aver age toll of about 285 lives annually in the U. S. Since then the number of fatalities from these causes has been re duced to an average of 128. The fiscal year 1934 established an all-time low record--only 34 fatalities from explo sions and fires compared with 65 in 1935. Explosives How to Use Permissible Explosives Properly. By D. Harrington and S. P. Howell. Published by U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1936. Free. (l.C. 6871) Ethyl Gasoline An Appraisal of the Lead Hazards Associated with the Distribution and Use of Gasoline Containing Tetraethyl Lead. II: The Occupa tional Lead Exposure of Filling Station Attendants and Garage Mechanics. By Robert .4. Kehoe, Frederick Thamann, and Jacob Cholak. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, January, 1936, p. 42-68, Among the conclusions reached in the present study is that the iead exposure associated with the handling and dis pensing of gasoline containing tetraethyl iead at service stations of the prevailing type in the U. S. is negligible. An Investigation of the Morbific Properties of Ethyl Gasoline. By Dr. Gerhard Lind. In Journal of Indus trial Hygiene and Toxicology, January, *936, P- 37-41- The result reported may be considered as an expression that the use of tetra ethyl lead as an admixture with motor gasoline in quantities hitherto used pre sents no danger of lead poisoning. Foremen Bibliography on Foreman Improve ment. Revised, 1935. Vocational Edu cation Bulletin No.>128 of the Office of Education. For Sale by the Superin tendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, Price 5c. (Pamphlet) A selected and annotated list of refer ences, including books, pamphlets, and magazine articles. PERIODICAL REFERENCES Accident Statistics Trend in Frequency and Severity of Compensated Injuries to Legs and Feet. In New York State Department of Labor, Industrial Bulletin, February, i93b, p. 43-45- Compensated injuries to legs and feet are discussed in this study, which is the fourth in a series of studies of trends in frequency and severity of different kinds of injuries. Eye injuries; injuries to head, neck and face with the exclusion of eyes; and injuries to arms, hands and fingers were treated in preceding issues of the Industrial Bulletin. Dusts An Electrostatic Dust Count Sampler. By E. C. Barnes and G. W. Penney. In Journal of Industrial Hy giene and Toxicology, March, 1936, p. 167-172. An electrostatic dust count sampler and its portable power supply are de scribed in detail. Fire Protection Crosby-Fiske-Foster Handbook of Fire Protection. Eighth Ed., 1935. Robert S. Moulton, general editor. Pub lished by the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch St., Bos ton, Mass,, 1936. Price $4.50. (Book) This is a complete revision of the seventh edition, published in 1924, with detailed treatment of the numerous new developments in the fire protection field during the past eleven years. Like the preceding editions, beginning with the first book published in 1896, the present edition aims to provide in compact form the essential information on fire preven tion and fire protection that time has crystallized into good practice. Welding The Toxicology of Oxy-acetylene Welding. By Z. T. Wirtschafter and E. D. Schwartz. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, March, 1936, p. 158-162. Asked and Answered SAFE SOLVENTS Question: We use benzol or trichlorethylene as solvents to dissolve tar, paint and grease in felt, the method being a spotting process. Both of the above solvents involve a lire and health hazard. Can you advise us of any abso lutely safe solvent for the above purposes that we can use instead of the solvents we are now using! Answer: Some dry cleaning establishments use carbon tetrachloride for spotting operations similar to those you mention. Others use a (Please turn to page 66) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Industrial Health A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen 33 What's in Your First Aid Kits? By MURRAY D. SMITH Davis Emergency Equipment Company IRST aid is the immediate tempor F ary treatment given in case of acci dent or sudden illness before the required treatment on the spot. The engineer of this story was always the first aid man wherever he was em services of a physician can be securedp.loyed. After countless rolls of gauze It has definite limitations which the had unrolled and become contaminated trained first aider always respects. before they could be applied as com There is obviously a. difference be presses, and numerous bottles of iodine tween first aid as administered in a dis had been dropped on the floor and pensary by a trained attendant, such as broken, he became more and more im a nurse, and that administered on the pressed with the inadequacy of the surgi job by a fellow worker or foreman with cal dressing type of first aid kit for first a limited practical knowledge of the sub aid under conditions found on the job. ject. Contrast the requirements of a So he devoted a great deal of thought public utility truck crew or the few men to the subject and his wife used up a in a petroleum company's retail service great deal of cotton and spent much station with those of the nurse working time at the sewing machine in develop with tables, chairs, hot and cold running ing a system patterned after the army water available, and you will realize that first-aid kit. It consisted of individual an entirely different type of first - aid dressings prepared for use in such a way dressing and container is necessary for that there would be no contamination, the plant dispensary than for men in the no waste and no half-used materials to field. be returned to the box in a condition Curiously enough, the industry in which would invite infection if they were which the idea of the unit system of in used again. When this type of dressing dividual dressings originated has not was placed on the market some fifteen made extensive use of it. ft is interest years ago it was not the building indus ing to recall how and why the unit sys try but the public utility companies tem was devised. which gave it an enthusiastic welcome. In the early 1920's a young engineer just out of school was employed as an erection engineer by a construction com Studying Industry's Needs pany. He worked on several of the steel buildings which were the beginning of Xew York's present uptown skyline. Twenty years ago safety work had not reached its present state of development and the accident rate among steel work ers was high. Xot only were fatalities numerous, but also, judging by today's standards, the number of non-fatal in juries was excessive. Fractures, burns, deep wounds and other serious injuries Abstract r* a paper read at th<? l^venth Annual Greater New York Safety Confer ence. In its original form the unit system was adequate to take care of most of the injuries usually encountered. Manufac turers of first aid supplies have since studied the needs of the various indus tries and have developed products es pecially designed for those operations where the facilities of a well equipped first aid room are not always available immediately. The exhibits which have been held at the annual safety congresses and at re gional conferences have shown the great APRIL. 1936 variety of first-aid equipment now on the market. Kits range from the pocket variety with a few simple supplies to the larger boxes to be carried on trucks. Their contents can be planned to suit the requirements of the job and the preferences of the company in selecting a first aid antiseptic or a burn dressing. Many companies call for special items, such as washes for creosote burns and effervescent phosphate of soda. In some parts of the country men working in isolated locations carry the facilities for treating snake bite. In fact, any recog nized first aid remedy which can be en trusted to the layman is now obtainable from the manufacturers and distributors of first aid equipment. Any assortment of dressings and remedies can be secured in a container designed to meet the pur chaser's requirements. Heavy duty, weatherproof and waterproof boxes are supplied where the conditions on the job demand them. Many companies order kits in large quantities with their own name and emblem lithographed on the boxes. Instruction sheets are furnished with many kits. The unit system is now practically the only type used by the public utility in dustry. The petroleum industry, a leader in both safety and first aid work, has found it ideal for use on trucks, barges, service stations, bulk plants, compressor stations, and even at terminals and re fineries. Among the most important purposes of first aid are the reduction of suffering and lost time to the victim and the re duction of compensation and medical costs to the company. The unit system of individual dressings aids in this ob jective by providing equipment that can he handled easily and effectively by even untrained personnel. First Aid Stirs Plant-Wide Interest Sixty-two employees c>f the American Rolling Mill Company. Middletown, Ohio, completed a first aid training course given by the Bureau of Mines last fall, and in turn they have given first aid training to 3,176 employees of the company since October 7, 1935. 34 PHENOL (Carbolic Acid) Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 3 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of phenol and what precautions are necessary in its use? B. Hazards 2. The principal hazards are the pos sibilities of burns and of poisoning by contact with or by swallowing the chemi cal in solid or liquid form. C. Discussion 3. Phenol when pure is a white crys talline mass with a creosote odor. It is also known as carbolic acid, phenyl hy drate and hydroxy-benzene. It is a product of coal tar distillation and is also produced synthetically by fusing sodium benzene sulphonate with caustic soda and then neutralizing with hydro chloric acid. It is soluble in all propor tions in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid and glycerine. It liquefies on the addi tion of 14 to IS per cent of water and thus becomes the No. 4 carbolic acid of commerce. Phenol in a solid state bums with difficulty, giving off a heavy smoke. In water solution it involves no fire haz ard. It melts at about 40 degrees Centi grade (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Phenol is used in medicine and surgery as an antiseptic and disinfectant; in the manu facture of picric acid, dyes and other pharmaceutical products; and with for maldehyde in many condensation pro ducts such as bakelite, condensite and neradol. Mixed with other materials, it is sometimes used for paint and varnish removers. Many cases of accidental poisoning occur annually through the swallowing by mistake of phenol for other drugs or alcoholic fluids, and its improper use by uninformed Dersons as an antiseptic for cuts and other wounds. Symptoms 4. Phenol is readily absorbed by the body through the mucous membranes, abraded skin, wounds, or even through ^he intact skin. When absorbed through the skin, the symptoms appear rapidly. In severe cases there is great muscular weakness, then loss of consciousness and death from respiratory failure, some times preceded by muscular twitchings or convulsions. Less severe poisoning causes headache, dizziness, some excite ment and mild delirium, clammy sweat, irregular respiration and weak pulse. 5. Phenol in contact with the skin causes local tingling and numbness or even complete loss of feeling. The skin becomes wrinkled and soft with the color changing from a white stain to brown. The effect is not a direct corrosive action but rather a local gangrene. Bodily con tact with a dilute solution may result in severe eczema. 6. When phenol is taken by the mouth in a more or less concentrated form, it causes severe burns of the mouth, throat and stomach. Vomiting may or may not occur afterward, but the victim may become pale, covered with a cold sweat and may collapse with fatal re sults unless medical treatment is ad ministered at once. First Aid 7. When phenol comes in contact with the skin, it should at once be washed off with grain alcohol, oil dressings should be applied to prevent penetration of the phenol into the tissues, and a physician should be secured without delay. 8. If phenol solution should be splash ed into the eye, the eye should be flushed immediately with plenty of clean fresh water and the services of a physician secured without delay. 9. If phenoi has been swallowed, a diluted solution of mustard water should be given as an emetic, and the services of a physician promptly obtained. Pend ing arrival of the physician, milk, flax seed tea or white of egg may be given to allay inflammation, and the patient should be kept warm. No oils or alcohol should be given internally except under the physician's direction. Precautions 10. In processes where the hands or other parts of the body may be exposed to splashes and spills of phenol, em ployees should be provided with and re quired to wear rubber frame goggles, rubber aprons, boots and gloves. ( See Note X) 11. As a precaution against possible absorption through the skin, clothes which have been wet with liquid phenol should be changed for dry garments at once. 12. All jugs, bottles, carboys or other receptacles in which phenol is stored or kept should be kept tightlv closed and labelled "PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID) -- POISON", with skull and cross-bones. 13. Food should not be kept nor eaten near phenol nor in the workroom where it is used. 14 A supply of grain alcohol should be kept near at hand in the workroom so that in case phenol is splashed or spilled on a worker, it may be washed off immediately. Note X: For detailed information on goggles, aprons, boots and gloves, see .Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 14, "Goggles," and No, 16, "Protective Clothing." ' National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS After a thoro&gh investigation of the evidence for and against at the close of the last period of acceptance, the Council on Pharmacy and Chem istry of the American Medical Association has again reaccepted (1935) MERCUROCHROME, H. W. & D. (Dtiwom-ojvmercurt-riuf'rejcnn-soritum) "ic u s pat orr, 2% SOLUTION w a o MANoor O'ltou OmUICUH HU0CSC(m SODIUM GENERAL ANTISEPTIC FOR FIRST AID aVIESTCOTT dunnik* Baltimore, mo P|ROMPT care is important in preventing infected wounds. Even minor wounds may become infected when antiseptic treatment is delayed. (Dibrom-oxymercuri-fluorescein-sodium) is non-irritating and exerts bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Industrial injuries are reported more promptly when Mercurochrome is the clinic antiseptic, because treatment is not painful. Be prepared with Mercurochrome for the first aid care of all minor wounds. In more serious cases, a physician should be consulted. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. APRIL. 1936 36 The Accident Barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Accidental deaths totaled approxi mately 7,750 in January, or 0.7 per cent more than occurred in January 1935. The advance may be wholly attributed to the increase of 6.7 per cent in motor vehicle fatalities, for home deaths show ed practically no change and the other public fatalities decreased sharply. The increase in occupational deaths did not exceed 100, according to present reports, or only half as much as the decrease in other public fatalities. From December to January the accident death total took a seasonal drop of approximately 1,350. due largely to fewer motor vehicle fa talities. Occupational accidental deaths for January are estimated at 1,300, an increase of 100 over January 1935. There was some increase in employment dur ing the year, but at present no definite statement can be made as to how much this increase offsets the advance in fa talities. Inter - plant contests of com munity safety councils show an unusual drop in accidents during January, com pared with the same month last year. The frequency rate per million man hours fell from 1S.40 to 9.76, or nearly 37 per cent, while the severity rate per thousand man-hours decreased from 1.16 to 0.39, or 66 per cent. There was also a decline in the frequency rate recorded for the six sectional contests conducted by the Xational Safety Council, from 11.01 to 10.14, or 8 per cent. Deaths re ported during February to Industrial Commissions in 20 states totaled 550. This is an advance of 9 per cent over the number reported in February, 1935. Coal mine accidents occurring in January resulted in 109 deaths, accord ing to reports received by the II. S. Bureau of Mines. Accident reports for January. 1935, covered 122 deaths. How ever, part of this improvement will be absorbed by fatalities from January ac cidents occurring subsequent to receipt THESE items summarize briefly the ' monthly reports collected by the National Safety Council to show current accident trends. Certain reports are analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council, devoted to industrial, traffic, commercial vehicle, home, and school safety. In addition, the Council's annual statistical report "Accident Facts," contains detailed in formation on all types of accidents. All Accidental Deaths January 1936 .................. 7,750 1935 ...................... 7,700 1934 ........................... 7,866 (U. S. Census Bureau total for 1934; National Safety Council estimates for 1935 and 1936.) of the reports, according to the Bureau, Deaths from fails of roof and coal de clined from 63 to 47, while haulage acci dent fatalities increased from 11 to 31. Steam railroad accident fatalities in the first eleven months of 1935 num bered 4,668, compared with 4.491 for the same period of 1934, an increase of 3.9 per cent. Xon-fatal injuries, on the other hand, decreased from 26,024 to 25,360, or 2.6 per cent. During the same months traffic, as measured by locomotive miles, increased 1.4 per cent. The largest advance in deaths, amount ing to 6.0 per cent, was for highway grade crossing accidents. These fatalities numbered 1,460 in the eleven months. Deaths of employees on duty totaled 386, compared with 3 70 in the same period of 1934. Deaths of passengers on trains decreased from 27 to 18, and of travelers not on trains from 8 to 7. Motor vehicle deaths for January are estimated at 2,630, an increase over January 1935 of 6.7 per cent. This ad vance appears to be confined to rural areas, for city reports now available (covering more than 41,000.000 popu lation) show a decrease in deaths of 6.3 per cent. 1 here is no information at present on the amount of gasoline con sumed in January, but in December con sumption was 7.2 per cent above De cember, 1934. If January had the same increase in consumption as December, the death rate based on gasoline con sumed would show practically no change from January, 1935. It is interesting to note that although the January death total is high, it still represents a drop of about 1,000 deaths from December. This reduction is seasonal in nature. Commercial vehicle fleets partici pating in the Xational Fleet Safety Con test had an average of 3.37 accidents per 100,000 vehicle miles during Janu ary, a slight increase over the January 1935 average of 3.32. This advance was due to a rise in the truck fleet rate from 4,71 to 4.91. Both passenger cars and buses recorded small decreases. How ever, a comparison of January rates with the averages from July to January shows increases in the rates for each type of fleet. The bus rate went up from 1.15 to 1.90; the passenger car rate, from 1.49 to 2.45; and the truck rate, from 3.24 to 4.91. According to records of past years, these advances w'ere largely due to more hazardous driving conditions which the drivers were compelled to meet. When the July - January rates are compared with those of a year ago, it is noted that this year's rates are still 6 per cent lower than last year's despite the January in crease. Public ( not motor vehicle ) deaths occurring in January are estimated at 900 compared with 1.100 for January 1935, a drop of 18 per cent. According to available information, there were con siderable decreases in deaths from rail road accidents, not involving motor ve hicles, and from miscellaneous other public accidents. On the other hand, deaths from falls occurred with about the same frequency as in January, 1935. The decrease appears to be shared by all age groups. Home accident fatalities in Janu ary totaled approximately 3,100, or the same number as estimated for January, 1935. There were small decreases in deaths from falls and from bums, scalds and explosions. These were balanced by increases in asphyxiations and in mis cellaneous unclassified home deaths. De creases were recorded for persons in the age groups 25 to 64 and 65 and over, which were offset by small increases in the younger age groups. Looking Ahead .... The total number of accidental deaths in April will probably be about the same as in March, but there will be changes for certain classes of accidents. Motor vehicle fatalities may increase by as much as 5 per cent. Brownings will in crease nearly 200, in the absence of any unusual factors. Fatal burns usually show a drop of about the same amount at this time of year. Falls may decrease slightly if the month follows the normal trend, although the records of some earlier years show minor increases. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ACCO THERE IS NO SAFER BY-WORD" WHEN BUYING CHAIN Chain may look alike but there is a difference--a difference in link design, materials, method of manufacture and testing. All these affect the safety factor. Acco is safe, honest, dependable chain. It is used throughout industry. It is made in all sizes, in a wide variety of patterns for practically every conceivable purpose for which chain is or can be used. For instance, the H B Dredge Chain illustrated can be had from as small as % inches up to a size that will withstand a break ing test of 348,000 pounds. The double sling chain, also illustrated, is made in sizes to safely handle working loads of from 3,800 pounds to 94,000 at 45 degrees. These are typical of the wide range in sizes and safe J load working characteristics of all Acco Chain. When ij you buy, use the "by-word"--Acco. AMERICAN CHAIN COMPANY, Inc. Bridgeport, Connecticut World's Largest Manufacturer of Welded and Weldless Chain IN BUSINESS FOR YOUR SAFETY 37 AMERICAN APRIL, 1936 CHAIN 38 HEALI that CUTS THROUGH THE LINE OF PRODUCTION Rapid drops in accident curves of American Mutual workmen's compensa tion policyholders--such as the combined experience of a group-sample of 500 firms graphed next to this column---never result from chance. Four features of our safety engineering can benefit even such plants as yours, already geared to safety. "PRODUCTION-SAFETY." Studying your plant, we see more than the high-spots of hazards and safeguards--our engineers trace the con tinuous red wound of danger all down the line of production. Then they work with you to replace it, as far as possible, with the green thread of safety. PLOTTING THE CURVE OF THE FUTURE. We are concerned more with your safety future than your accident past. But tracing back the causes of accidents is one way to find the clue to the future. Equally revealing are the habits and attitudes of workers themselves. From such evidence, the future can be predicted---an unhealthy trend can be changed. SAFE MEN AT SAFE MACHINES. Full effectiveness of guards on machines depends on the understanding and cooperation of the.men. at the machines. Our engineers work with this in view, not by laying down the law from outside, but by sharing their diversified experience and helping from within. COOPERATION DIVORCED FROM THE TIME CLOCK. Bound by no rou tine schedule fixed at the start of the year --our engineers give the amount of service that will be really effective in your par ticular situation. "WE WORK TO MAKE The chart shows the acci dent frequency and se verity experience of 500 firms (widely varied in industry and location) during two years' safety work with American Mutual. The two graphs below show number of accidents and days lost the second year in con- ALL WORK SAFE" " the first. AMERICAN MUTUAL Assets: $23,809,545.32; Liabilities: $19,424,978.69; Surplus to policyholders: $4,384,566.63. As of December 31, 1935 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 NGER Workmen's Compensation,,Aucohi mobile, Edelity Bonds* Elevator* BurgUry and ocher fotm* ofCasualty' Insurance written by American Men & Fire Insurance written by our associate, Allied American Mu* coal Fire Insurance Company. Three Kinds ofProfits Open to You From American Mutual safety work, come marked lowerings of accident rates and insurance costs. Also, the prevention of uninsurable indirect acci dent costs (time lost, spoiled work, poor morale, etc.) means as you well know still greater savings to your firm. From claim work, using modern medical science to restore injured men to their former usefulness, comes the saving of valued employees and the shortening of benefit payment periods. Third is the opportunity to our policyholders to share in our savings. Twenty per cent or more of their insurance costs have been returned each year since 1887. Oldest of American casualty com panies, our dividend record is sustained by highly selective underwriting and conservative New Eng land management. ^AMERICAN MUTUAL x MAGAZNE Araericaa Mutual Liability insurance Co., Dept. 29, 142 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. please send me (he next 4 issues of (he American Mutual Magazine, a mine of valuable information on how indus trial accidents are prevented. . lit/* .. Expiration dare of your present policy, if you recall it-- LIABILITY INSURANCE BRANCHES IN 53 OF THE COUNTRY'S APRIL, 1936 COMPANY PRINCIPAL CITIES 40 The Bulletin Board A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety ................ Conducted by STAN KERSHAW........... A New Approach awakening safety consciousness and giv ing instruction with posters. This new Y POPULAR demand the Na B tional Safety Council now offers fleet members a new and unusual one does it by describing an interesting highway accident problem and telling how it can be handled with safety when type of poster. This poster, No. 574c7o, nfronted under actual driving condi is shown in miniature on page 43. tions. Heretofore many posters prepared for Here is a poster that is suited to many vehicle drivers have been urgent remind different uses. It is excellent for bulle ers of things familiar to most of them. tin board use if the boards are located Such posters will always be a necessity, where drivers will have the time to study because violations of well - known and the details of the problem. However, understood safe practices cause many the most effective way of making it work serious accidents. By sheer force of repi- is to make copies available on request, tition these warnings and admonitions to distribute folded copies to individual can give drivers that safety conscious drivers when they report for duty, or to ness that will cause them automatically mail them to the drivers' homes. to make the right decision in emergen Some companies have inserted special cies, just as a person at a cigar counter ly selected posters in loose-leaf binders invariably asks for a particularly well and have placed several volumes thus advertised brand of cigarette if there is prepared in waiting rooms where drivers any doubt in his mind as to which to can examine them at their leisure. Poster buy. Xo. 5747 is particularly well adapted to But there are other effective ways of this use. Still another important use may be found in driver training schools. Here QUALITY VS. QUANTITY again copies distributed to individual THE results obtained by safety posters drivers will facilitate study and discus * depend not so much on how MANY sion. are used, but on how WELL they are Be sure you make the most of this used. new kind of poster. Even though five million or more safety posters are used in the United States each year, it is safe to say that in Try This on Your Men the great war on accidents the poster is one of the most neglected weapons. TJjEXRY J. ROESCH, Briggs Manu Safety posters of good design, pre facturing Company, Detroit, tried pared to meet practically every require this scheme to see whether men were ment, are available. But many a good reading safety posters, and how well poster, poorly used, is like a fine weapon they could remember the current posters. poorly aimed. Neither fulfills its purpose. As the men were standing in line at A poster plastered on a wall with no thougnt as to advantageous location or accessibility for reading is at once handi capped. People naturally want to be safe, but it is not natural for them to go out of their way to learn how. Get full value out of your posters by placing them where they cannot escape attention. Emphasize them with good lighting. Set a good example for your employees and prove the old axiom that "Any iob worth doing at all is worth noon to buy sandwiches and coffee, he buttonholed a number of them at ran dom and asked them this question: "Can you tell me, without turning around to look, what picture the safety bulletin board has on it, what it is about, and what slogan appears with it?" Only a few could recall the picture, and no one could recall the slogan. See what reaction your men have when you try this on them. Perhaps your board needs dressing up. Perhaps you doing well." need added interest to draw the men's attention to the posters. If your men from time to time, as you make this test, do not know what posters are on the board, you may take it as a signal to pep up the displays. (Condensed from "Factory Management and Maintenance," Sot,. 2915J Safety Sweepstakes Promote Caution A safety campaign, based on the com petition of a horse race, was used by the Briggs Manufacturing Company to create interest in safety. Miniature race tracks were placed in each of the five plants. Each plant was represented by a brilliantly colored horse. A study was made of each division, and a fair handicap given for the type of work and working conditions. The horses were lined up at the start ing post the first day of the contest and moved forward one space every no-acci dent day in the division. ( Five lost time accidents in a single plant in one day would mean that the horse repre senting that plant had to stand still for five days.) The boards used as race tracks were made of 18-gage steel and framed in wood. Nine hundred and sixty holes were drilled around the race track and behind them a sheet of J4 inch cork was fastened. The horses were diestamped, painted in three colors, and mounted on hinged back pins stuck through the holes into the cork back ground. The overall size of the boards was approximately 5 by 8 feet. (Condensed from '*Factory Management and Maintenance'* Sov. Uliiat If a home-made poster gives an ac curate account of an accident, either by pictures or by words, most of the work men will absorb the lesson, and one or more of them will be likely to discover a method by which the accident could have been avoided, and will point it out to his companions. Safety work is more than advertising, but advertising and publicity is essential to the success of any campaign to reduce accidents. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL LITTLE MISTAKES CAN MAKE BIG ACCIDENTS 1__ _r NATIONAL SAFETY CO UNCI |777e tllGHCKr/ie TheWORSE The ACCIDENT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL IF THE BODIES OF ALL THE PEOPLE KILLED IN ACCIDENTS LAST YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES WERE LAID END TO END THE CRAVE WOULD BE 97 MILES LONG r- ,j* NATIONAL SAFETY C O U N C I every time you take the wheel of your car give a thought to your part in the great campaign stop accidents LET'SREDUCE TRRFFIE REdDENTS 35% by the end of 1340 THERERY SRVIND 38,000 LIVES i- NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL m pfittcr#stoi the uictim of Eckless: driuioc { VlI , rtm.i$M ` * NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCI do**T = GET HURT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNC' AT I O N A L SAFETY COUNCIL It s Safer NATIONAL S A F B T Y COUNCIL `Dotit-fnqejf Hhe. best immediate treatment for- CHEMICAL Hid BWRNS awau the chemical m..with lots of- VOivtoA: NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL FOR CARS PARKED ON NARROOJ / STREETS 7T m NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL i L' One who puts off until tomorrow the things he should do now for example; PUTTING GUARDS BACK in PLACE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL i muait 'KM FOR TRIPPERS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL He STOPS HIS MACHINE BEFORE REACHING* ,NTO ,T D0 Y01)? NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL We Are Interested In Your Safety After The WHISTLE BLOWS 'V Because -- "i$W don't want to see you suffer the hardships of an accident. We don't want you to lose time from work, any more than you want to < J^ 86% of all disabling aceidents occur outside of industry. /1 NATIONAL SAFETY' C O U N < If it i>ah0(*qu$ >o nr nuts hcaji tUCTItlC *tKS Of AW IN? K>rt$ with kmiai. PAftrs aj dance*. OUS * IWfcy SHOULD SAIL AtSOtt UKT*IC WKtS <MAKI >i*t KXM Kins HAVE NO MifAL fAJirS) * Wet O* rwiNE THAI HAS wet M IT should Ava k usta as a kite sntiHO wtt vrama is oancuous ALSO *t<AUR if TOO CONDUCTS UicrciciTr SuttfS AND HlOlWATS Alt UNSAFE ft-Acts k* kite arm It is oanomous to climi tuts on fotts O* TO THUOW STICKS O* INStONfS TO KNOCK DOWN A KIT* LAUOHf EUCtftlC Wilts IT IS KST TO UT THE KITE GO AND MAKE Qt tUH A MV ONE tSSiml were .. 'MSSi sjar-` Alwags Put Handles on Files Before Using Them CvC\ \ SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCI slips DO COUNT. A KELP FLOORS C L E A N// NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL -A . THOUGHT FOR TODAY tAJn> imorsion I/s no/ only /he Ztnow/edge of , SAFETY bu//heprac/ice /ha/ coun/s ITS.. .Poor Judgment to take Chances with FAULTY BRAKES NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL if THATS FINE,GEORGE, WEU. IMPROVE THAT GUARO RIGHT AWAt THANKS FOR THE SUGGESTION. fcyir "grv.v^r^' ^4| I*;. H AT I O N A l SAFETY COUNCIL . . . Help the new employee! Teach him the safety tricks of the trade. You may save a life or prevent a serious injury.The new man will appreciate your friendly interest NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL FOR THEIR SAKE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL aen someone near and dear meets with a serious accident or there is a death in your family,-----your thoughts and actions are likely to he confused............. ifit such a time be extra cautious lest you meet with an accident and make serious trouble all the more serious. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL wvi . .* housekeeping . .' ' - .. Does not mean cleaning up once a wee K or once, d month- Itmeans keeping st SAFETY council but HOW you lift it N AT IONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 48 SAFETY Swinging back on a strap of leather-- gaffs dug deep in a wooden pole, an asphalt street or concrete curb below --the lineman knows that failure in equipment would probably be fatal. His job is free from worry because his equipment is Kleins. "Since 1857" the name Klein on line men's equipment has stood for the finest in quality, whether it's pliers or sleeve twisters, climbers or safety straps, torches or furnaces. Distributed through jobbers The four pamphlets listed below will be sent without charge to anyoneinterested. Check the ones you want. Safety for the Foie Climber, a Specifications on Linemen's Belts and Safety SHaps. G The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods. G Pocket Tool Guide. koKLEIN[ i4k. Sons SJOOBelniorvt^Avenue^^hicago^nniioij Welding Wisdom (Continued from page iS) pressure required at the blowpipe; and second, to maintain the working pres sure constant during operation of the equipment. By means of an adjusting screw, this working pressure may be set at any desired value within the range of the regulator capacity. Once set, the regulating mechanism will maintain this pressure automatically. It should be remembered that regu lators must be handled with a reasonable amount of care if they are to operate continuously without trouble. Regu lators should be disconnected from the cylinder valves when moving cylinders that are not mounted on portable trucks. Do not use regulators that are not in proper operating condition. If a regula tor creeps, that is, if the pressure builds up on the working pressure gauge after the blow pipe valves are dosed, the regu lator should be repaired at once. It is a good plan to have the regulators in spected at regular intervals by a compe tent operator. In making replacements, use only standard parts supplied by the manufacturer. Major repairs should be made by the manufacturer. Connecting Apparatus Be sure there is no oil or grease on hands or gloves. Before attaching a regulator to the cylinder, the cylinder valve should be opened slightly for an instant and then closed. This will blow out any dust and dirt that may have accumulated and that might otherwise enter the regulator. Do not crack acety lene valves in the presence of a flame or other source of ignition. After tighten ing the regulator union nut, make certain that the pressure-adjusting screw is re leased before opening the cylinder valve. The pressure-adjusting screw is released by turning it counter-clockwise (to the left) until it is loose. The cylinder valve should be opened only slightly at first, so that the high-pressure gauge hand moves up slowly. If opened quickly, the sudden rush of high-pressure gas might strain the high-pressure gauge mechan ism. After the high-pressure gauge hand has stopped moving, open the oxygen cylinder valve as far as it will go; open acetylene cylinder valves one and onehalf turns only. Connect standard oxygen and acety lene hose to the connections on the re spective regulators and to the corre sponding connections on the blowpipe. Select the proper welding head or cutting nozzle (according to the chart furnished by the apparatus manufacturer) and screw it carefully and tightly into the blowpipe. Open the blowpipe oxygen valve only. Adjust the oxygen regulator until the low-pressure gauge indicates the proper pressure passing through the head or nozzle. Then close the blowpipe oxygen valve. The exact procedure for adjusting the acetylene pressure for lighting the blow pipe and adjusting the flame varies with the type of blowpipe and the source of acetylene. For this reason, the blowpipe manufacturer's directions should always be followed. To light the welding blowpipe, open the blowpipe oxygen valve one-half turn, open the acetylene valve wide and light the mixture at the tip with a lighter. To extinguish the blowpipe flame when the job is completed, first dose the blowpipe acetylene valve and then the oxygen vaive. Remember, acetylene will burn, oxygen does not. If work is stop ped for a long period (overnight or dur ing lunch hour), dose the cylinder valves and then release all gas pressure from the regulators by opening the blow pipe valves momentarily. Close the blowpipe valves and release the pressure adjusting screws on the regulators. General Working Conditions So far as the relation of the welding and cutting process to its surroundings is concerned, the principal facts to remem ber are that blowpipes give open flames and that in use sparks may be scattered about unnoticed by the operator. This means that wherever possible, welding and cutting should be done in fireproof quarters. Floors should be of concrete or some fire-resisting material. Many foundries and shops have simply a dirt floor. Where welding or cutting has to be performed in establishments having wooden floors, it is advisable to see that no unprotected combustible material is stored on the floor below, directly under the place where the work is being done. Better still, the floor should be covered with metal or other suitable non-com bustible material wherever sparks or hot metal are likely to fall. In any case, all readily combustible materials should be removed from the vicinity. If the build ing is equipped with automatic sprink lers, the person in authority should not permit any work to be done until he has made certain that the sprinklers have not been disconnected for repair or alter ation. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 49 Because of the possible presence of flammable gases, vapor or dust, rigid restrictions are enforced against the use of any open flame in certain parts of some plants, such as gas plants, petro leum refineries and plants spraying lac quers or similar materials, and in mines known to be gaseous. Welding or cut JQievolutloni'ieA ting blowpipes should never be used in these locations unless the responsible official in charge has personally inspected the conditions and has issued instruc tions to proceed with the work. Commercial Drivers' OLD IDEAS ABOUT STRE School Thrives WHY is Milwaukee, Wisconsin's chief city, consistently bettering its al ready enviable record in public safety? Part of the answer is that Milwaukee is applying the three "E's" of traffic accident prevention -..Engineering, En forcement and Education. The rest of the answer is that the work is being done with exceptional thoroughness, deter mination and continuity. One example of the success won by this continuity or '`follow through" is the annual motor drivers' school spon sored by the Milwaukee Safety Com mission. The school is now in its tenth year. Each year, under the vigorous care of the Commission, the attendance has grown, and last year it reached a figure of 3,700. This year, on the basis of ad One of the most important chain achievements in industrial his tory! Tested under severe condi tions for over 3 years, the new HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated SLING CHAINS vance registration, the average attend ance will be in excess of 4,500. The school is chiefly for commercial drivers, although the public may attend. About a month in advance of the open ing date announcements were sent to industrial enterprises throughout Mil waukee, and within three days a flood of entries was received, indicating a ca pacity audience. The motor drivers' school opened in the auditorium of the Milwaukee Voca tional School March 19, with Chauncey Yockey, of the Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission, speaking on "Co operation," At the second conference, March 26, George Opp, of the Detroit Edison Company, addressed the group on "Accidents--Causes and Remedies." Steel Sling Chain has proved it self a "double duty" chain in both strength and endurance. And, best of all, it cuts sling chain maintenance to a new low. Check through these HERC-ALLOY superiorities: Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY through out the cadre chain to give maximum uniform strength. o Link* are INSWELL Electric Welded hr a new process fully covered by patents. o HERC-ALLOYHeatTrcatedHooksgive maximum strength at these vital points. Short, narrow links reduce to a mini mum the danger of bending or gouging when used around sharp comers. o Ail Joiner Links are of Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY. A. W. Koehler, of the National Confer ence on Street and Highway Safety, Washington, D. C., will address the third conference, April 2, on "Motor Driver vs. Pedestrian." The school will come to a close on the evening of April 9, when Clifford Davis. Vice-Mayor of Memphis, Tenn., speaks on "Speed--A Menace to Write for descriptive folder on this new extra~strengtbt low cost chain, columbus mckinnon CHAIN CORPORATION General Sales Office: TONAWANDA, N. Y. HERC-AtLOY Heat Treated Steel Chain is manufac tured from a high grade alloy steel containing nickel and molybdenum. Heat Treated under the most modern pyrometer control by an exclusive process. The result: an alloy combining in the highest degree these requisites: ductility, extreme strength and resis tance to wear. Safety." Persons attending three or more ses &ailcjnad and built by COLUMBUS-McKINNON sions will be awarded diplomas. APRIL. 1936 50 Employee Training ' (Continued from page n) 9fyou havedmi problems like -- i Abrasives ; $ Alkali Carbon Cement 1 Chemicals^. Coal-%^ Fertilizer rff $ Gypsum C| Industrial %$y Lime :; Paint J Plastics t :>.v. Pulp % Rubber 1 ' |6;-^#Silica % f^ Starch ?/? \ ^.Tobacco ").j!: iUk., Zinc Oxides -f; ,4 SPUT YOUR Dl/sri Soupptporuesss..i.o,,n.. THE AMERICAN FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT COMPANY s: */ 637 BYRKIT ST. 4' MISHAWA KA , IN DIANA e&qnQ DUSTUBE ; COLLECTORSI terms of text books and school rooms. That is the symbol of education--not training. Industrial training is merely the acquiring of practical information about the job and the practical applica tion of that information to the job, with the result that the skill of the individual is increased and the number of his mis takes is decreased. Though American industry has be come remarkably efficient with its mass production methods, we have never paid enough attention to the mass training of men. It is true that we have long had vocational training courses for electri cians, weiders, molders, machinists, and other tradesmen; it is true that we have conducted courses in fundamental edu cation such as mathematics, practical metallurgy, and the like. But participa tion in such educational programs has been voluntary and has benefited only small groups. What industry needs today is employee training which reaches out to the average man on the average job, and as a condition of employment requires that he regularly and systematically de vote a part of his time to improving his skill. This is a responsibility which is dele gated to supervisors by the president of the company, just as production and quality responsibilities are delegated to them. Naturally, the president is respon sible to the owners of the business to manage their property as efficiently as possible. He cannot do all of the work himself, and so he trains and selects assistants. These assistants train and select other assistants, and so on. In the long run, every foreman is an assistant to the president. Selection and training of men is the most important single job the president has before him. It is also the supervisor's biggest and most im portant job. Consciously or not, each supervisor dees some training in the course of each day's work. Every time he issues in structions, every time he expresses criti cism, he is adding to some man's store of knowledge. But the important ques tions are this: "Is he doing enough training? Is he doing it in a systematic and effective way?" Whether his company conducts an organized training program or not, every supervisor can be his own training de partment if he honestly feels it is worth the time and effort. I have seen some splendid results from job training pro grams which foremen have worked out on their own initiative. Let me describe how one of these job training groups was organized and con ducted in our own plant. Over a period of time there had been a number of lost time accidents on a comparatively sim ple operation. The foreman in charge was at a loss to know how to prevent these accidents. Finally he decided to hold a job training class. He sought the aid of the plant safety adviser and the maintenance foreman in that section. One evening all the men performing that kind of work were called together in the plant. There, alongside the ma chine, the foreman explained how the machine should be operated, how the product should be inserted, what the machine did to the product, the quality of product expected, the output, and all the other factors dealing specifically with production. All the while he encour aged the men to ask questions. Next, the mechanical maintenance foreman took the floor. He described how the machine was built, what it cost, why it should be kept clean and well lubricated, and who was responsible for these duties. Next he explained the pur pose of the safeguards and their proper position to prevent accidents. He was followed by the electrical foreman who gave a detailed description of the electrical features, the location of the control switches, and so on. Then the safety advisor took the stand. He pointed out the natural haz ards of the job. He concluded by show ing how they could be avoided. After all this explaining, one of the least efficient operators was asked to step up to the machine and demonstrate his understanding of the discussion. This was repeated again and again. The result of this job training class was the complete elimination of lost time accidents on this operation for several years. Not all of our job training groups worked out so well. However, taking the company as a whole, there was a very pleasing decrease in the number of lost time accidents as well as a corresponding decrease in severity. In my opinion the chief reason for the effectiveness of job training in accident prevention is that it is simple and easily understandable. It deals specifically with the job, and the workman realizes NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 51 it is something conducted mainly for his benefit. Therefore he responds. 1 have heard it frequently said today that the average industrial worker isn't interested in his job, but I cannot agree with the statement. I believe that down under neath he really wants to be interested, and I believe that interest can be won. I wonder if we fully appreciate how im portant this thing called "the job" really is to the average man. He has few out side interests competing for his time. He spends a large part of every day on that job. When there is no work to do he is like a fish out of water. I have known plenty of men whose idea of a pleasant Sunday afternoon after a hard week's work was a trip to the plant. In the days before prohibition, when the old comer saloon flourished, there was many a ton of steel rolled conversation ally in Middletown before the bar. It has always seemed to me that the foreman who cannot capture this natural interest of men in their job is missing something that can be mighty helpful. The men in your department can be of great assistance if you can find work for their brains as well as their hands. Most men are square. They want to do the right thing. They want to improve them selves, just as you do, so they may go on to a better job and a larger pay check. They will follow the leader who wins their interest through thick and thin. Progress in industry is the sum of many ideas and many contributions from supervisors and men. Practical ideas and suggestions are valuable. Industry today operates on small margins of profit, and a good idea may mean the difference between profit and loss; it may mean--if the idea benefits your company --the difference between steady work and part-time work, for your company can book the orders your competitor can't afford to take. Employee training stimulates ideas because it encourages men to think. However, the supervisor is the only person who can maintain a steady flow of ideas. To do so, he must receive those ideas with enthusiasm; he must investigate them with care; he must always give full credit to the maker, or these ideas will not always be forth coming. About a year ago, while visiting a cer tain company, I became acquainted with a young department superintendent. He was aggressive and apparently quite bril liant. The works manager confidentially told me that Ed was slated for greater responsibilities. Not long ago, I visited that plant again. Another man held Ed's job. I remembered what had been said on my previous visit, so I asked the works man ager what had become of Ed. "We were wrong about Ed," he ex plained. "Ed ran out of ideas. He had 400 men working for him, but he was trying to do all the thinking for the en tire 400. It didn't work." An interesting incident occurred a few years ago in another steel plant. They were having a series of accidents on one of their picklers, but fortunately, these were accidents to the product rather than to the men. A brown stain was ap pearing on the sheets as they went through the operation. The plant man ager couldn't put his finger on the cause, so he called in an expert from New York, who spent several weeks at the plant. One day a veteran pickier approached him. `T think this creek water we are using in the pickier is causing that stain," he said. That sounded reasonable, so they tried using city water. The stains dis appeared. However, the plant paid the bill for high priced consulting service, when the man who had the solution of the problem was right there on the job all the time. Though most of my remarks have been directed at what job training means NOWis the time to Equip your Men FOR THE UNEXPECTED DEADLY BITE OF A SNAKE THE Davis Snake Bite Kit contains an unbreak able syringe which is always "on the job" to suck the venom from the fang holes. An ordinary syringe of fragile material which broke when dropped on a rock might be the Indirect cause of the loss of life. For men who work independently along pipe lines, etc., you will find a first aid kit combined with the Snake Bite Kit a valuable addition. The Davis Combination Kit contains in one convenient carrying case a complete Pocket First Aid Kit as well as the Snake Bite Kit. Have your men fully protected and you will be more sure of their health and work. Give them a Davis Combination Kit. The low cost, adaptabil ity and convenience will please you. SNAKE BITE w /m m&ssr vmm oavis ssasca.iNC Contains:--Tourniquet, Seafpet, Unbreakable syringe. Iodine swab, Ammonia inhalants, Drybak adhe sive compresses. Contains: Bandage Compresses, Drybak adhesive compresses. Ammonia inhalants. Iodine swabs, Tubes of lannoid burn treatment. Use coupon now fo send without obli gation tor a com. piofo description of the setf-con* tainod Davis Combi* nation Kit tor men work outdoors. The Oavis Combination fCit~5nafce Bite and First Aid Kit in one con venient carrying case. DAVIS = CO., INC. Chicago, (II, New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cai. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, inc. 5 5 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Snake Bites to Name____________________________________ Address. City____ APRIL. 1936 -'-I. , * *'"> tc *... .Tit- "&%# tr <7 **::'. ..* \ir^%r/ <V / 4^ :4*x>i '.-rT7. '^1 V i o Gen New Instant Treatment for Burns and Surface Injuries VioGen is more than a complete burn treatment of top efficiency. It is *iIso a first class general antiseptic for surface injuries and diseases of the skin such as impetigo, erysipelas and varicose ulcers. Recommended t.y a Boston .specialist for painting sore throats. You need VioGen. We provide free trial and guarantee satisfaction. MAIL COUPON TODAY! BURNHAM LABORATORIES^P. 154,Medway Mm BURNHAM LABORATORIES, W. Midway. Mats. i>miemv Sui Fre* Trial Six# of VioGen to: Address. City. to the employee, I can say without reser vation that it is even more valuable to the supervisor. As an illustration F might cite the case of a foreman who had been on the same job with a steei company for many years. He was not an outstanding man in any way. He saw many depart ment superintendents come and go. One day the present superintendent was moved to another plant, and as a last resort Harry was given an opportunity to act as superintendent. He took the same men and the same equipment, and worked wonders with the safety, cost and quality records. There was no magic in his methods. He recognized his own limitations, so he used every available aid in order to master that job. His first act was to initiate a thorough job train ing program. Then he began to discuss the facts about the business in which the men would have a natural interest. He kept them informed. If a crew made a new cost production record, he made sure that their good work was recog nized, and he also saw to it that the other crews knew what they had done. Pretty soon a spirit of friendly rivalry took form, which has made Harry one of the most valuable superintendents in the plant. It has always seemed to me that one of the finest things you can do for a man is to help him help himself. Most of us can look backward, and we will regard with affection some man who has influ enced our lives by helping us to become better men. Perhaps he was a stern dis ciplinarian; perhaps he had few of the appealing human virtues which make men popular. But he imparted to us something which helped us on the up ward climb. He made us do only what common sense required, and we re spected him for it. A few weeks ago the works managers of two steel plants were in conference. George has a splendid record. He is a vigorous individual, a strong believer in training and an outstanding leader. He expects results from his organization, and he gets results. He has developed a large number of high grade men, and seldom does he have to apologize for his safety record. Bill has no such record to his credit. His plant is frequently in trouble, and on several occasions he has had to dis charge men who had come to him after having made good records in other steel plants. After transacting their business. Bill confidentially remarked to George that he (George) was too hard on his men. Hard--hell!" George replied. "If I'm hard with my men, you're cruel with NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS yours. I train 'em. Then I insist that they do what they know how to do. But you--you let 'em drift and do as they please. Then you fire 'em." At the beginning of the year the audi tors are checking the company's books to determine what the organization accom plished during 1935 and what its assets are. Though the chief executive of every important industry will tell you that well-trained, loyal men are the most valuable assets of any company, few at tempts are made to audit the human ele ment. Vet you can "audit" your men even more readily than your company audits its physical assets. A personnel audit will show you that all men may be classified in three gen eral groups. First, there is that small group of outstanding men who are ready for greater responsibilities. Next, there is a large group, composed of average to good men. Finally, there is another small group of men who have never se cured the right toe-hold in industry. If history repeats itself, and you care to carry the investigation further, you will probably find that not only is the five per cent of the force composed of the least capable workmen, but that it also accounts for the larger share of accidents. Why are these men inefficient work ers? Why haven't they developed along with others who had the same oppor tunities? There is usually a reason, and it is important that the supervisor find it. I am well aware that the industrial supervisor is a busy man. He cannot spread his efforts too thinly, and he should not attempt more than he can carry through to a successful conclusion. It is therefore perfectly plain that his first efforts should be spent with this group of incompetents. If, when the audit is repeated next year, the top and middle groups are larger and the incompetent group is smaller, you will have reason to feel gratified. Such a readjustment could not have occurred without painstaking and constructive work throughout the year. Water and Fatigue (Continued from page 2j) In the event that a circulating system is used bubblers should be spaced 50 to 75 feet apart to provide the ideal condi tion. If sanitary fountains and individual drinking cups are in use, the cups should be provided free, they should be kept protected from dust and dirt, the supply should never be permitted to run out, and adequate provision should be made for disposal of the used cups. Fountains should be in open areas. APRIL, 1936 53 Which Would You Rather Maintain? 20 Wash Basin Faucets ... or (hte Bradley spray head serves the same number of people as 20 ordinary faucets--and each user washes in clean, running water. ONE SPRAYHEAD? 10 wash basins with 20 hot and cold water faucets provide no more washing facilities than--one Bradley Washfountain. This means 10 times as many drains to maintain--20 times as many chances for leaking faucets . . . prac tically 10 times as much water for washing 10 men. The Bradley is the choice of today's industrial plants--because it is more sanitary--saves its cost in lower water consumption and maintenance--pro 10 persons can wash at one time at a Brad ley, Economy in water control leaves hands free to wash, Made in various materials and styles. vides speedier washing facilities-- and is simpler and less costly to install. New Catalog Let us mail our recently published catalog- and give you the names of some of the users of the thousands of Bradley Washfountains. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO., 2237 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee, Wis. IBIRAIDILIEY WASHFOUNTAINS and SHOWERS Janitor labor is re- \ f duced to a minimum V with Bradleys. One fountain replaces as many as 10 wash banns. No More Accidents in This Shop! -- or in anv other where WTESMAN SAFETY PRESS GUARDS are installed on the power presses. The cam action operating principle assures maximum safety and in no way interferes with rapid production. Simple in construc tion, automatic in action, and easy to attach. Made for right or left hand stroke. Write for details. Wiesman Mfg. . 51 South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. 54 SYNONYMOUS usith Trucks, stock piles, or equipment should not be allowed to accumulate where they will make it difficult for employees to reach the bubblers. a spigot and a hand pump to give the necessary pressure. Equally convenient is a water jug from which water may be poured into the workman's receptacle. SAFETY There is still another side to the prob lem of drinking water. When the purity of the original water supply is assured, Where a portable water supply is used care must be taken to rinse the container often with boiling water. care must be taken to see that the water Even when every provision for an ade WILLIAMS' | "NON-SPARKING" is kept pure until it is delivered to the employee. Although most states now forbid the quate drinking water supply is made by the management, some employees will not take advantage of the opportunity SAFETY use of the common drinking cup, the to provide the necessary irrigation for WRENCHES "community" glass perched on top of the body. the bottle of pure spring water is not yet Through posters, articles in employee unknown. magazines and other literature the use Workmen should be discouraged from of water may be encouraged. Physicians drinking water from the end of a hose agree that at least six glasses of water or from faucets and other outlets not de a day are required by the average per signed for drinking purposes. The best son in addition to the water assimilated Williams' way to do this is to provide a modern in food. In hot weather even more may sanitary outlet system. be required, particularly by employees "Non -Spart inn" Safety Wrenches are de signed for use wherever a spark may produce disas trous results. Dropforged from beryllium- copper and accurately heat-treated, they are unequalled in strength, toughness and hardness. This implies construction of impervi ous material, such as vitreous china, porcelain, enameled cast iron or similar material; a jet which permits the water to issue at an angle, and a guard which prevents the lips from touching the end of the jet; the nozzle of the jet located at a level above the edge of the bowl, so that the nozzle will not be flooded in case the drain of the bowl is clogged; engaged in strenuous occupations. To offset the loss of body salts through perspiration, sodium chloride tablets should be made available. When these conditions are observed, it is relatively easy to ingrain in the em ployee the habit of drinking sufficient water. And when a regular schedule of "irrigation" is established, the way is paved toward greater efficiency and pro Non-rusting, non - corroding, non magnetic -- practically as strong as steel wrenches of similar size and de sign. Single and double head patterns in a wide range of sizes. a bowl that is easy to clean and that will not cause splashing; a drain that does not have a direct physical connection to a waste pipe, unless the drain is trapped; a set valve or automatic valve ductivity. Industrial Efforts 'Vin Civic Awards WILLIAMS' "VULCAN" SAFETY LATHE DOGS Bent and Straight Tail Patterns Single and Double Screw--to 6" Capacity Safety and better balance on the lathe are distinct features of this Williams' "Vulcan" design. No projecting set screws to catch the operator's clothes. Screws of special steel hardened and tem pered. Specify "Vulcan" Drop*for$ed Lathe Dogs for safety. J. H. WILLIAMS & CO. 75 Spring St. New York Western Warehouse anti Sales Office, Chicago Works. Buffalo, N. Y, Headquarters for: Drop-Forged Wrenches `Carbon and AIIot), Detachable Socket Wrenches, "C" Clamps, Lathe Dogs, Tool Holders. Eye Bolts, Hoist Hooks, Thumb Nats and Screws, Chain Pipe Tongs and Vises, etc., etc. to regulate the flow of water, so that the valve or lever manipulated by users of the fountain will merely turn the water on or off; a fountain tall enough so that it will be convenient for the majority of those using it: a waste opening and pipe of sufficient size to carry out water promptly. Many old fountains can be modernized inexpensively to conform to these speci fications. Workmen should be encouraged to keep the fountains and surrounding areas clean. Fountains should be located in well-lighted, dean places, so that no em ployee will attempt to deposit chewing gum, cigaret. stubs or other rubbish in the basin without feeling guilty. Plant regulations should insist emphatically that the fountain basin be not used for a cuspidor, and these regulations should be enforced. Maintaining the purity of a water supply is particularly difficult in con struction work, in out-of-the-way loca nPHE Safety Division of the Milwaukee Association of Commerce recently re ported the largest registration in fifteen years in the Foremen's First Aid and Health, and Fire Prevention Schools. The registration totaled 11,700, repre senting 350 Milwaukee industries. This group conducted three seasonal campaigns last year, reaching 110,000 homes in the fire prevention campaign; 1,500 mercantile establishments in the Christmas hazards campaign; and 600, 000 citizens in the safe Fourth of July campaign. As a result of this work, Milwaukee enjoyed honor awards in the fire waste contest and the health conservation con test conducted by the United States Chamber of Commerce. City Bars Sale of Gas or Oil to Drunks A city ordinance prohibiting the sale tions, and in mines, in these types of of gasoline or oil to intoxicated motor work, in many cases, a portable water ists has been passed by the city of Can supply is necessary. This may best be ton, Ohio, according to an Associated obtained by the use of a water bucket Press dispatch. The ordinance provides with a tight-fitting cover, equipped with penalties for attendants who violate it. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS f 55 An Improved Unit for PREVENTION OF HEAT SICKNESS The New Fairway Metal Hopper Salt Tablet Dispenser complete with lock top and key. FAIRWAY METAL HOPPER FAIRWAY GLASS HOPPER TABLET DISPENSER TABLET DISPENSER With Lock Too and Key Kith Protecting Shell BE SURE TO SPECIFY STVU HOPPtR DESIRED This new dispenser meets the problem where the glass hopper proves too fragile. The new all metal dispenser has a number of better features-- new lock top permits much easier refills--holds larger sup ply of tablets. Free from any chance of break age, thus widening the number of places in which the dispenser can be installed. for all the dispensing units your various departments will need. We continue the glass hopper and will supply this on all units except where metal hopper is specified. Meet hot weather with a full supply of Fairway Sodium Chloride Tablets and your choice of these perfected dis pensers. Write for booklet "Pre vention of Heat Sickness" and Now is a good time to arrange prices of tablets and dispensers. Note:--Metal hopper fits all present installations of "Fairway" Junior Dispensers where it is desired to replace present %lass hoppers. FAIRWAY LABORATORIES, Inc. Belleville, Illinois Practice Good Housekeeping for SAFETY Good safety records are usually closely associated with good housekeeping. Industrial workers will do better work and have more pride in their jobs if working condi tions are clean and healthful. Cluttered, dirty aisles, stairways and floors invite accidents, decrease efficiency. Back up your rules and safety program with Stonehouse Signs. They are permanent reminders of the value of good housekeeping, Stonehouse Good Housekeeping Signs have been developed over years of experience and have proved most effective. Hundreds of stock signs to choose from. Standard accident prevention colors and designs. Complete information and prices gladly on request. SICtNS.inc MANUFACTURERS 9th at Larimer Denver, Colorado ACCIDENT PREVENTION Steef SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS APRIL, 1936 56 cORD o Personals Walter W. Matthews, for fifteen years director of safety in the Bureau of Highway Patrol and Safety, Depart ment of Revenue, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, has been appointed man ager of the Philadelphia Safety Council a division of the Chamber of Commerce! The newly organized council is arrang ing a comprehensive program of high way, industrial, and home safety activi ties, with the backing of many local organizations. S. Weston Scott succeeds Mr. Mat thews as director of safety in the state motor vehicle department. fAeank Safety ALL OVER THE WORLD in anif Tanquaqe Men, Women and Children all over the World wear RAW-CORD and GRO-CORD Soles and Heels because they provide NON-SLIP Safety and Long Wear. GRO-CORD and RAW-CORD Soles and Heels are used in dairies, on farms, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gas and electric plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, general warehouses--where Safety is an important factor, also street and office* The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, O. Mrs. Francia Baird Crocker, R. X., has been appointed associate for nursing activities by the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness. Mrs. Crocker succeeds Miss Mary Emma Smith, R, N,, who resigned to accept the position of director of public health nursing in the New Mexico Bureau of Public Health. Mrs. Crocker was formerly director of the Prevention of Blindness Department in the Missouri Commission for the Blind. H. J. Brammeier, formerly assistant secretary-manager of the St. Louis Safe ty Council, has been appointed eye pro tection service representative of the American Optical Company for the en tire state of Ohio. During the past two years Mr. Brammeier directed the state safety program of the CWA and the FERA in Missouri and more recently organized and directed a state-wide safe ty program for the PWA in Illinois. NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEELS Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with EASE and SAFETY with the Prescott Safety Tool This special tool will close hopperbottom car doors. Prevent smashed lingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries* Saves time---Is inexpensive. The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren Ohio Floyd F. Kay has resigned as mana ger of the Safety Bureau of the Mem phis Chamber of Commerce to become secretary of the Spartansburg. S. C,, Chamber of Commerce. INSURANCE DEPARTMENT MANAGER Will set up and operate insurance department for large manufacturer. Experienced on self insurance. Safety engineering work. I am a licensed in surance broker with 21 years insur ance work; seven years with present employer whose annual saving on insurance is $100,000. Married and under 40. Address Box 298, NA TIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 57 JAMES D. HACKETT James D. Hackett, director of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Department of Labor, died in New York City on February 13, after a short illness. Born in Kilkenny, Ire land, he was educated at Clongowes Wood College in Ireland. After coming to the United States in 1904 he was en gaged as a labor consultant and lecturer on labor problems. Mr. Hackett was primarily interested in promoting hygiene and safety among industrial workers. In 1925 he wrote. "Health Maintenance in Industry," and in 1929, "Labor Management." He was appointed to the Department of Labor in 1929. He had been a member of the Metropolitan Chapter, ASSE-Engineering Section, National Safety Council. His work did much to popularize the fa cilities developed by the New York De partment of Labor to help employers promote health and safety. CLYDE M. BRADING Clyde M. Brading, formerly super intendent of safety and labor for the Wisconsin Steel Works of the Interna tional Harvester Company, Chicago, died March 16 in Florida where he had been spending the winter. He was 52 years old and is survived by his widow and one son. Mr. Brading joined the International Harvester organization in 1908 and was appointed superintendent of safety and labor in March. 1912, holding this posi tion until ill health made his retirement necessary in October 1934. He had been a regular attendant at the Annual Safety Congresses since 1913. YOUR MEN do better work when you sterilize cutting lu bricants with Derma-San. For Derma-San keeps oil dermatitis out of your plant. By protecting your workers against this serious skin disease, it saves compensation and medical costs. By eliminating oil infections, it increases effi ciency and production. Guard your men with Derma-San. Add 1 pint of Derma-San to 35 gallons of cutting lubricant, and kill pus-forming germs before they attack your workers. Derma-San is ideal for all general plant sanitation. Council President Honored JAMES K. MILLER, JR., president of the Grand Rapids Safety Council, has been selected for the National Junior Chamber of Commerce Service Award for Grand Rapids. The award is made annually by the Junior Association in each city in which it is organized and goes to the man between 2S and 35 years old who has been judged as having ren dered outstanding service to his com munity during the preceding year. Mr. Miller's principal civic service has been with the Grand Rapids Safety Council of which he is now serving his second term as president. He also has served on various committees and in many local undertakings. He is manager of the United Auto Insurance Co. DtnVCR HunTincToninmono TOROIITO BUHR/fE Belts for Railroad Men. No. 1131 Car Runner's Safety Belt This special h e i t was '.1. e - signed for the protection of w o rk m e n in > witching and dropping oars. Beit is made of leather o r im predated webbinsr. Worker prevented from falling to tracks. No. 1130 Locomotive Snfety Belt and Safety N|in [designed to pro tect workman on a n y operation above the run ning- board on a locomotive where it. is required to put anv stress on wrenches, bars <r other equipment which might, cause him to tinll. R. H. BUHRKE CO. 4538 Fullerton Ave. CHICAGO. ILL. -v: APRIL, 1936 58 A Plea for the Negative STOP ACCIDENTS At The Source! EVERY industrial enterprise has its potential sources of danger. Some of them are quite apparent --others, apparent only to those skilled and trained in accident pre vention engineering. The INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION has been en gaged, for the past twenty-five years, in the manufacture of STEEL-GRIP personal safety equipment for the protection of industrial workers. As specialists in this field we are called on regularly by our in dustrial customers to diagnose potential sources of danger and prescribe the remedies where prop erly designed safety clothing is the solution. This service is offered without obligation. Call upon us to help you stop accidents at the source! LET US SERVE YOU INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL Chicago Philadelphia Detroit (Continued from page 13) clumsy at the controls, road tests are of doubtful value. On the other hand the mounting of a steering wheel and con trols on a nicely finished stand does not constitute a test for automobile driving. Don't stop with a diagnosis. When you have ascertained the condition of your drivers, the causes of your fleet acci dents, or the most probable causes by acceptable methods, do not cease your efforts. Here is where your good work begins. Call the men in by groups-- those who are careless about traffic regu lations, those who are clumsy at per formance, and those who are not as alert mentally as they should be. Plan your educational program around the defects of your men. Follow up men who have accidents. Try to find relationships to accidents. Start a scrap book of your own. When you have collected first hand evidence from 25 or 30 years' experience you will be in a favorable position to give sound advice on the causes of acci dents you have observed. Supplement experience with scientific facts. Inter pret the former in terms of the latter or vice versa. Don't expect one simple measurement to give you the picture of a driver's po tentialities. The intelligence testers a few years ago thought they had found the solution to most social and economic problems -- the intelligence test. High intelligence--much success. Low intelli gence--little success. Vocational guid ance quacks flourished. It was too good to be true. Intelligence tests have a place in psychological measurements but are not to be considered the only indica tor of success. At the extremes they are quite accurate but when used alone there is plenty of chance of error in the middle range. Don't bank too heavily on any one measurement; reaction time, visual acu ity, color vision, blood pressure, speed of movement, manipulative skill, or any other one test. It takes all the measure ments possible and a great deal of ex perience with drivers to be reasonably certain of a man's qualifications as a driver. Don't consider any driver so nearly perfect that he will not have an accident. While 99 accidents out of 100 are traceable to some specific cause, the other one appears purely fortuitous. Barney Oldfield was sideswiped by a truck a short time ago. Human nature is not infallible. "Cockiness" is a common cause of accidents. There is an old Ger man adage that, "A jug will go to the' well until it breaks." A driver who has never had an acci dent would do well not to boast of the fact. Most superior drivers will not have accidents. Some ten to twenty per cent of them will, for one reason or another have trouble. It will tend to wreck the morale if a shining example of safety does have an accident. " Don't preach safety and practice reck lessness. The safety director himself must set an example. Don't expect results without continu ous systematic and scientific effort to get at the causes. Safety among employees, like advertising among consumers, re quires constant effort. It is partly an educational program. The old method of making big claims for products, claims which can never be fulfilled, is being superseded by a modest scientific statement of facts. One mode of attack will not suffice. It takes constant and varied approaches to get the idea across. In a similar manner the method of teaching safety by precept, posters and general slogans must be supplemented by scientific measurements and profes sional advice. Mose Brown may be in terested in "Stop, Look and Listen"; he may take a second look at a "skull and crossbones"; but he will sit up and take notice when you show him he takes twice as long to react to a sudden stimulus as his driving partner. Prove to him that he is "cockeyed", and he will hound you for hours to find out what caused it, how he can correct it, or how it may cause him trouble when driving. What can we do about it? A few of the remedial measures which might be suggested to overcome known difficulties are; (1) correction for defects whenever possible, (21 specific schools for drivers, teaching them the causes of accidents they have had or might have, and meth ods by which these accidents may be prevented, (3) test fields and driving courses for practice in actual per formance, (4) interviews with both good and bad drivers, enlisting their coopera tion in encouraging highway courtesy and good driving practices. Have the drivers think through the possible accident situations in advance. This can be done in group discussions of accidents which have taken place within your company. Be alert constantly and infuse novelty and pep into your safety program. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 42-16 Born Strert, Long Island City Now York City w^ss'Sesse 22, B8sSS SHIES-2 " ESSegSBC^ SWSI LARGEST ORGANIZATION OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD Branches in 55 Principal Cities PROTECT YOUR WORKERS from the Menace of Oil Dermatitis WESCOL WESCOL is a very powerful germicide, guaranteed to be 18.20 times as strong as carbolic acid. Because of its very high coefficient, WESCOL is an effective and economical disinfectant to use where a powerful germicide is required, and one that will not change the nature of the material in which it is used. WESCOL used in cutting oils and compounds keeps the mate rial sterile and safeguards the workers against the menace of Oil Dermatitis. OIL DERMATITIS is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the workers' skins by cutting oils and cutting compounds. Even germ-free cutting oil becomes infected during use. Factories have had epidemics of Oil Dermatitis in which almost the entire force has become infected. The disease is a serious one, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. It is covered by compensation laws in many states. One pint of WESCOL to 50 gallons of cutting oil or cutting compound will keep the material sterile without injuring its cooling properties. Send for our Special Booklet on WESCOL THE PIONEER LINE Safety First Shoes are literally the first shoes for safety. Over 35 years of experience are reflected in their quality and pro tective features. THE PROFITABLE LINE Profitable--for the plant owners (fewer accidents, less lost time, replacements, etc. ). Profitable for the wearer . . . PROTECTION plus long wear. One of 32 Styles THE SERVICE LINE Orders are shipped promptly ("same day received" is the rule). Posters and other advertising assistance are furnished ^ree- Investigate the Safety First plan! Write for our new booklet "From Our Mail Bag"-- actual stories of averted accidents. Let us send you our catalogue with a "Specific Use Sheet," describing shoes for every purpose. SALESMEN and AGENTS now being ap pointed for open territories. SAFETY FIRST SHOE CO., Holliston, Massachusetts APRIL, 1936 60 Garage Fires (Continued front page as) An investigation of the possible source of ignition of the vapors tended to elim inate ail theories but one. A test of the 110-volt, split-phase induction motor driving the grease gun showed that it sparked slightly when the starting brushes lifted. It is believed that these sparks ignited the explosive mixture. To prevent a recurrence, the follow ing steps were taken; HELMETS CHIPPING and WELDING GOGGLES CORRECT SAFETY EQUIPMENT When you need industrial head and eye protec tive equipment it is to your best interests to have a resourceful and responsive source for your re quirements. The Cesco organization can supply your needs promptly and furnish rated and efficient equipment of the finest quality and use fulness. For information and catalogs showing Goggles for welding and impact hazard work, Respirators, Dust Masks, Welding Helmets and Sandblast Masks, write w Chicago Eye Shield Co. 2323 Warren Jllvd, Chicago, 111. Hi iPCO SAFETY HAIR NET 0 For all industrial operations where girls art* employed around machinery arid power driven equipment. Holds hair in place, out of the eyes and lessens the chance of acci dents. 0 Manufactured of heavy rayon silk with an elastic strand which entirely encircles the head. Will not shift or slip; stays tirmly in place. # Attractive in appearance and will give months of satisfactory service. No. m Furnished in the following colors: Blue, red, black and light, medium and dark brown. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. Somerset Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania t. Enforcement of a company rule prohibit, irg the use of gasoline in the garage for any purpose other than fuel. 1 2. Replacement of the electrically-operated grease gun with one operated by compressed air. 3. installation of a more adequate ventilat ing system m the pit. 4. Installation of vapor-proof light m the pit. 3. Installation of rotary pump on gasoline tank trucks to eliminate the necessity of han dling gasoline in a bucket or other container. 2. In another case what might have been a disastrous fire was held in check by sprinklers and a foam extinguisher. An employee in the garage was cleaning a concrete repair pit with gasoline from a bucket, when the gasoline in the bucket was ignited in some unknown manner and fire spread quickly about the pit and up the wall to the ceiling. Five sprinkler heads opened and held the fire in check. The employee's clothing ig nited and he received second degree burns. Other employees extinguished the fire with foam-type extinguishers. 3. In another case the breakage of an electric lamp started a fire which re sulted in the death of three men and a property loss of $10,996. Two employees were in a repair pit repairing an auto mobile and there were two other em ployees in the frame garage. One of the men in the pit dropped a portable ex tension lamp, which had a wire guard but no vapor-proof globe, and broke it. Instantly the interior of the garage was in flames. Three of the employees were fatally burned before they were carried from the building by firemen. A fourth employee who escaped from the build ing was severely burned. The fire de partment extinguished the fire with three hose streams but the building and its contents, including five automobiles, were badly damaged. 4. A cigaret thrown into the pit was blamed for this fire which was also ex tinguished by sprinklers with only slight damage. Fire had started in the con crete pit below the floor level which was used for draining off crankcases and also for greasing. Fire started in a pool NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 61 of oi! in the corner of the pit, and as the floor of the pit was oily, flames spread quickly. Two sprinklers directly over the pit opened and extinguished the fire. 5. An employee was using an acety lene welding torch over an automobile repair pit. Boards covered the pit at the time the fire occurred. Flames ap peared through the cracks in the boards and an employee used two foam extin guishers before removing the boards. When the covering was removed flames shot to the ceiling and opened a sprinkler head which extinguished the fire. 6. Using gasoline in a spray gun to dean the motor base of a bus led to this fire. The gasoline vapors ignited when a short circuit in the battery caused a spark. Fortunately, the employees suf fered only slight burns and did not lose time from work. The property damage was less than $2,000. Investigation com mittee recommended strict enforcement of the rule requiring employees to dis connect battery cables when working on motors and discontinuing the use of gaso line as a cleaning medium in locations other than the room designated for that purpose. The Sight Meter Tells the Story (Continued from page 25) these lines and how they keep boxes, steel or other materials clear of these areas. Refuse cans, also conspicuously painted and conspicuously placed, keep lunch remains and oily rags off the floors. One of the pioneers in recognizing the value of adequate illumination and the relationship of paint to light is the Ford Motor Company. The plants are painted white and the equipment in pastel shades, with bright contrasting colors to make moving parts stand out. The plants are as light as possible, equipment as visible as possible, and electrical equipment and moving parts are doubly visible. Aisle markings are always a conspicuous part of Ford plants and order is safety's first law. As an example of what paint can do to reduce the number of accidents in a plant, none serves better than the ex perience of a shoe factory in Massachu setts. Machines were painted in light colors to provide better visibility and higher contrast with the work itself (the deep tans and black of men's shoes). Walls were lightened with ivory and white paint to increase the level of visi bility. Withm a six-months' period the accident rate had been more than cut in half, and the insurance premium ratwas reduced. APRIL. 1936 NAkTjmIONv-iWeIiD/ * ''''v'v) EAST NEW YORK W. S. Wilson Corn. 123 Vtrick St. PITTSBURGH Safety First Supply Co. Brady Building PHILADELPHIA J. A. Hunt Co. 2036 Sansome St BRAINTREE, MASS. Direct Sales Co. 108 President Road SOUTH CHATTANOOGA, C. D. Genter Company Chattanooga Bank Bl<fg. MID-WEST DETROIT C H. Dockson Company 2885 E. Grand Blvd. " CHICAGO E. D. Bullard Company 215 South Leavitt St. GREEN BAY, WIS. Safety Service Company 108 No. Quincy St. DULUTH W. P. 8c R. S. Mars Co. 324 W. Michigan St. HOUSTON E. D. Bullard Company i Main Street WEST SAN FRANCISCO E. D. Bullard Company 275 Eighth Street LOS ANGELES E. D. Bullard Company 1229 South Olive St. SALT LAKE CITY E. D. Bullard Company 1620 Yalecrest Avenue An unsolicited letter about a hat JUST LIKE THIS! E. D, Bullard Company 275 K'ghth Street San Francisco. California Attention: Mr. Kenneth Butter Dear Ken: This letter should be regarded as an unsolicited testi monial of our satisfact'on with Hard Boiled Hats. We recently had the experience of having one of our laborers, who was wearing a Hard Boiled Hat (which has s-nce been ret{red as a souvenir piece! struck on the head by a 2r> x 4" block about 2' Jong that fell from the top of pylon S-2, at the San Francisco anchorage of the ('olden Gate Bridge. This block fell a distance of 200' and struck the man just over the forehead. The Hard Boiled Hat absorbed the shock preventing a fractured skull and producing only a slight laceration of the scalp. The man returned to work after simple first aid treat ment. We believe this example is typical, but nevertheless ntensety practical in showing the value of this type of protection on construct.on jobs. Vours very truly, 'Name of this large contractor will be given on request. Hard Boiled Hats, in the model best suited for YOUR jobs map be examined at any office listed here. Complete catalog mitt be sent on reauest. BULLARD FERALUN / \Also Bronzalun, Jlnti^Slip Treads y Nicalun J PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring dura bility and anti-slip efficiency. Specify Feralun and Be Sure AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jersey 62 Halsey Taylor A Cooler Fountains T No other has ALL these Features Practical automatic stream control, distinctive twostream projector--water never too high, never too low and always SAFE to drink from! Heavy Cork-Insulated Walls, Bottom and Cover, giving maximum cooling capacity and minimum ice consumption. Drinking water does not come in contact with ice or melted water i The very best in cooler construction--and all these features at no extra cost. That is why year after year Industry chooses Halsey Taylor Coolers. Write for our latest folder describing ice coolers, pedestal and wall foun tains and electric coolers for office or factory. * * THE HALSEY W. TAYLOR CO., Warren, Ohio Largest Manufacturers of Drinking Fountains Harris Calorific Co., Cleveland, Ohio, protects the health of workmen with Halseu Taylor Pedestal Fountains throughout their plant. I Reduce Accident Hazar Speed-Up Production Lower Floor Maintenance Costs with a LINCOL N TWIN-DI FLOOR MACHINE Regardless of the size of your plant or type of floor ing, there is a Lincoln TwinDisc Machine that will solve your floor maintenance problems. They are eco nomical to operate. They thoroughly remove all grease, dirt and other sub stances that slow up truck ing and cause floor accidents. The Lincoln industrial Special is used by many of th country's largest industrial plants to remove the imbedded grease, dirt, steel chips, and shavings from factory floors, Twsnty times faster and more efficient than hand work. Ideal for cleaning wood-block floors. Large or small areas are cleaned faster and more efficiently than can be done by any other method. Arrange today for a demonstration in your plant--without obligation. Write for de tails. Available in 12 different models and sizes. Th* Lincoln Type No. 20 it * compact combi, nation scmbblns, cleaning and polishing ma chine-recommended for use In average con gested areas. Hat a capacity of from 2300 to 3000 sa. it. per hr. Brushes revolve in oppo. site directions eliminating "whip" or side pull. LINCOLN-SCHLUETER FLOOR MACHINERY CO., Inc. 237 W. Grand Ave. Chicago, III. \ 3fo?LI NCOLM Twin Disc J SCRUBS - WAXES - POLISHES^ New York Conference (Continued from page 26) Dr. John H. Finley, associate editor of the New York Times and former Com missioner of Education of New York State, addressed the Conference dinner The President's Medal of the National Safety Council was awarded at the din ner to 14 men who had saved life by the Schaefer prone-pressure method of resuscitation. Recipients of the award were Louis J. Beissel, Brooklyn Union Gas Company; Arthur J. Ayres, and Gustave Hambach, of the New York Edison Company; Norman Bergesen Arthur Colonell, Joseph Pfrangle, Joseph Bailarin, Robert Downing, Robert H. Sisson and Frederick J. Spies, of the New York and Queens Electric Light & Power Company, and Matthew M. Di Pong, Preserved A. Leonard, Russell J. Sell, and Arthur H. Strunk, of the New York Telephone Company. Following the presentation of awards the trophy winners in the Eleventh An nual State - Wide Accident Prevention Campaign of the Associated Industries of New York State, Inc., for the metro politan area were announced. On Thursday, the final day of the Conference, Commissioner Charles A. Harnett, of the New York State Motor Vehicle Department, proposed a strong program to promote motor vehicle acci dent prevention. Dean A. Fales, asso ciate professor of automobile engineer ing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, criticized the style of the modem motor car, declaring that engi neers could build a safer automobile than the stylists have thus far permitted them to do. In the session on training the driver in high schools it was brought out that the educational directors of nine states are interested in a plan to teach high school students to drive a motor car. In New Jersey a high school course in this subject has been made compulsory. The newest improvements in street and highway design were outlined in the session on "The Highway--The Pedes trian'' by Wilbur L, Cross, Jr., chief en gineer of the Department of Motor Ve hicles of Connecticut. Professor William Junkin Cox, of the Department of Engineering Mechanics of Yale University, proposed a system of control for the pedestrian. More than 80 papers were delivered. Of these, many outstanding ones were aiven in the sessions on occupational diseases, the work of commercial ve hicles, and "After the Whistle Blows." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 63 More Firms Take Part in New Jersey Contest A SAFETY awards dinner meeting at tended by 800 persons was held recently to celebrate the successful con clusion of the Eighth Annual Statewide Inter - Plant Safety Contest conducted under the auspices of the Xew Jersey State Department of Labor. The con test ran from October 1, 1935, to De cember 31, 1935. The final report of the contest, com pared with the 1934 Contest report, in dicates that important progress has been made. Despite the increased hazards, due to an increased number of employees and a greater number of man-hours worked, the 1935 accident frequency rate was only a fraction higher than that of 1934, and this was more than offset by a slight drop in the severity rate. An additional factor on which the conclusions of the report are based is the fact that a greater number of firms took part in the 1935 Contest and reported results than in the 1934 competition. This condition is credited with giving a broader and more accurate picture of the situation. In 1935, 342,047 employees, hired by 2,138 firms, took part; in 1934 the em ployees numbered 268,567 and the re porting firms 1,545. During the 1935 Contest 166,149,815 man-hours were worked; the corresponding figure for the 1934 Contest was 120,795,097. There were ten fatalities during 1935 as compared with nine for 1934, Nonfatal accidents numbered 1.942 in 1935 and 1,403 in 1934. The frequency rate for the three months' period of the 1935 Contest was 11.74; the comparative figure for 1934 was 11.69. The 1935 severity rate was 1.72 and that of 1934 was 1.82. The attendance at the safety awards dinner was indicative of the interest created by the contest. James W. Bumison, vice-president in charge of manufacturing, RCA Com pany, Camden, \T. J., acted as toast master. He had also served as chair man of the Genera! Managing Commit tee in charge of the contest. Addresses were given by Arnold Vev, traffic engineer and representative of Governor Harold G. Hoffman; VV. S. Landes, president of the Celluloid Cor poration; John J. Toohey, Jr., state com missioner of labor, and Edward J. Mulcahy, humorist. The contest report was read by John Roach, deputy commissioner of labor, and director of the safety contest. The hum of fly wheels, meshing of gears, whir of speeding drive belts, stamp of punch presses, are all pleasant industrial sounds, meaning production is under way--and so easily halted by needless, costly accidental injuries. Danger lurks in all machine operations. But, durable, economical and dependable safeguards can be provided by using H 8C K Guard Accessories. Assembled in your own plant-- to your own particular needs--no special tools required. Write for prices and details. All H & K Guard Accessories are under inspection service of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. THE HARRINGTON.& KING PERFORATING CO. 5655 Fillmore Street---CHICAGO 114 Liberty Street--NEW YORK CITY SANKEY FOOT GUARDS] Reduce Foot Injuries Smashed, mangled and bruised toes slow down production and cost real money in compensation and medical costs. Protect your workers' feet against accidental in juries. Supply them with Sankev Foot Guards. They are light in weight, com fortable, strong and permit free and easy movement. A trial will convince, send for sample and details. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. ELI,WOOD CITY, PENNSYLVANIA APRIL. 1936 64 SAFETOE SHOES are "ROCKWELL" TESTED EVERY Safety Engineer knows and respects the severe and exacting routine represented by the Rock* well Impact and Compression Tests--knows that no steel foecap can pass such tests, made by impartial laboratories, without being "ace high" in safety. "Safetoe" Men's Black Elk Blucher Ox ford. Leather Lined Vamp and Quarter, Steel Box Toe, Steel Shank, Heavy Single Oak Leath er Sole, Whole Rubber Heel, Welt, Safetoe Last. C, 6-12; D. E, 5-12. So we say --. recommend SAFETOE, because Brownht'fc SAFETOE Shoe; have successfully passed these tests and, therefore, you can be sure that they provide the utmost in safety for your employees. Write or wire for information about our special Industrial Plant Selling Plan ... It will place you under no obligation whatsoever. MANUFACTURERS--ST. LOUIS Also manufacturer* of Air Step, Butter Brown and Brown/ub Shoe*, BROWN**!! SAFETOE SHOES PRESENTING yVe*v Justtite Safety Cans! & USTSXTE'S Automatic oily Waste Cana fire you aafety, econ omy, efficiency. Opens with foot, clean automati on lly, Leaves hot tv hand# free -a great feature! Reduce* insur ance rate. Ca pacity: <5. 8. 10, (4 gallons. JUSTHITE presents a New Im provement in the 2, 3 and 5 gallon Safety Cans. The carrying handle has been redesigned. This permits "Easier Carrying" and ``More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily filled direct from filling station hose--no funnels required. See how easy it pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand (tripopens in one operation --closes automatically. A safe container for carrying explosive and vola tile liquids--no leakage or evapo ration. Labeled by the Under writers* Laboratories, Inc., and Approved by the Associated Fac tories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. LESSENS INSURANCE RATES Protect your pltnt -- your fraployea*-- kmer vttur insurance rats premium*--by installing the latest improved and ap proved JT78TRITE Safety Devices TO DAY. See your dealer* nr write ui for inieresMn* price* and literature. ^Tastrite Opens with Foot Closes automatically Justrite Mfg. Co. No Motors Menace Play (Continued from page iq) A prize contest was decided upon. This consisted of cash awards for the best play yards established, prizes to be awarded at the end of the vacation school period. Play yards are divided into these classifications: Home yards on which not more than $3 is spent, home yards on which not more than $15 is spent, community or co-operative play yards' in backyards or vacant lots, which are made by the joint efforts of two or more families. Xo limit on amount spent in this latter class. A four-page pamphlet telling of the entire plan was published. Copies were distributed bv ail the Flint school teach ers to their pupils on the day schools closed for the summer vacation. A safety play yard contest entry blank was print ed on the last page of the pamphlet. A publicity program was drawn up. Window cards were designed for use in store windows throughout the city and for streetcars. Painted posters on bill boards were put up rent free and at half the painting cost by a local sign com pany. A printing company, sympathetic to the movement and impressed with its great civic appeal, made up the pam phlets and posters at cost. Follow-up work was conducted in a vigorous manner. Six women contacted all the homes in the city. Wherever children were found to be playing in the street parents of these children were im mediately asked to join the contest. Those families who were unable to pur chase necessary equipment and who could find no obsolete, cast-off material were furnished free iron pipe, rope, bur lap and other material that local fac tories and stores gave to the dub. The Automobile Club made arrange ments for this purpose, particularly with the various manufacturing establish ments in Flint, whereby the factories donated usable salvage material to the dub and which the dub had stored in a central warehouse. While no publicity was given to this free material for play yards, it was sent to persons who other wise would have been unable to get a yard started. Names and addresses of such persons were noted, their enroll ment in the contest was established and the equipment forwarded to them in a city truck without cost. The city trucks, in some instances, also were employed without cost in clearing away rubbish for installing play yards. A member of one of the cooperating NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 65 agencies, the Boy Scouts, donated their camp facilities for 90 boys, who are known as Safety Crusaders. These boys were picked the last week of school by the principal. They were required to furnish their own food and clothing and receive one week's training on organiz ing play, handicraft, games, storytelling, health, etc,, and then were returned to Flint, sworn in by the Mayor, City Man ager, as Safety Crusaders, given a card designating their authority and then sent out into various districts to work with the six contact women in charge of the district. These boys watch out for and report all hazards, lead children to safe places to play, obtain the permission from the owners for the use of vacant lots as play yards, work on the play-yard contest, lay out play yards, organize games, etc. While the work of the Crusaders con tributed in the reduction of accidents, it was decided that in order to make the boys more useful and to get better re sults it would be wise to organize a Cru sader junior police force with definite assignments for every boy. Accordingly, these were elected. The selected boys act as leaders in the backyard and play-yard work, as well as report all unsafe places and condi tions existing within their territory. They are considered such a vital force in pre venting accidents to school children that they may call the Police Department when any trouble arises with which they are unable to cope and the message will be broadcast to the radio cars and a cruiser will arrive on the scene. The Girl Scouts contributed toward this program by training a group of some 65 girls to act as play leaders and or ganizers of cooperative lots and back yard playgrounds in their neighborhood. They are the natural leaders in their respective communities and have re ceived instructions in the art of telling stories, simple handicraft and light dra matics. besides games for smaller child ren and athletics for girls of their own age. The Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Civitan Club and other luncheon clubs were brought into the program in order to further enlarge the movement. The entire program was presented to these organizations at their weekly meet ing. These organizations were given definite assignments -- to contact with manufacturing plants in obtaining salv age, to sponsor neighborhood coopera tive play-vards and to become active in obtaining enrollments in the contest. The entire cost of the play-vard pro gram amounted to $402.93. This con sisted of the 30,000 folders for school children, $247.38; the 500 posters for shop windows, $57.68; the 100 posters for street cars, $15.45; the fifteen paint ed billboards at $5 each, $75, and $7.42 to a lumber company for erecting a miniature billboard. An important contributing factor in the success of the play-yard movement in Flint was the editorial support ac corded the activity by the Flint Journal. Richard Roberts, city editor, gave spe cial attention in the news column to the child safety work. Messages of inquiry, congratulations and indorsement have marked the play- yard campaign. These came from differ ent parts of the United States, Canada and Europe. Governor Harold G. Hoff man of New Jersey, one of the nation's leading safety advocates, has declared that the Flint activity was an outstand ing program. ``I believe the play-yard movement has been the means of saving child lives and curtailing accidents," Mr. Isherwood said. " L think it is educating a future generation in habits of safety. And I feel it has exerted a psychological in fluence upon parents and adults in gen eral, beneficial to our present safety problems." Safety Shoe Improvements During the past decade there has been a vast improvement in the style, construction, comfort and appearance of Safety Shoes. Lehigh Safety Shoe Company has continually forged ahead, creating new patterns for proper foot protection and to make the wearing of safety shoes a pleasure. Illustrated above is a recent improvement in a semi-dress, medium weight safety shoe with steel box toe. It is ideal for superintend ents, formen and others, particularly where wet or damp conditions are encountered. Also a splendid shoe for policemen and motormen. Specifications: X910--Mens' Black Calf Blucher, Improved Steel Box Toe, Goodyear welt. Two full top-grade Oak Soles special Linol finish. Drilled lined, full Grain Inner Sole, Leather Counters, Stock Gusset, Leather Storm welt, Steinbrecher, Steel Shank Arch Support. 3 Brass Rivets shank to sole, 4 Brass Nails reinforced shank and toe, Keystone Rubber Heel, Leather Base. Sizes 6-12, Widths, A-EEE. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. APRIL. 1936 66 DIFFERENT IN COLOR--GREATER IN BENEFIT AND RESULTS --Yet essentially the same product used for many years throughout the field of Industry, engineering and maintenance. Tested, proved and found to markedly increase power; reduce wear; cut friction; speed pro duction; provide unusual protection against fire haz ards and common damage dangers to frictional areas of equipment. Pyreil is not lust a "graphite oil" although it con tains colloidal graphite. It is not just a "break-in" oil: It done not accelerate wear. Its new color is dark wine red. FREE. INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT CHARTS. PHOTOMICROGRAPHS. REPORTS. WRITE FOR THESE. NO OBLIGATION. Manufactured and Guaranteed by Pyroit Company. W, V. Kidder, Founder, 959 LaFollette Ave,, LaCrosse. Wis.. U.S.A. Every Container Bears this Signature Founder LARGE CONCERN ORDERS *Xante on request--also names of scores of other concerns stand ardizing on this device. ^ayfcWiBjl because this CAR DOOR OPENER and CLOSER is the SAFEST anti QUICKEST method With this device, one man can do the work of a gang thereby com pletely eliminating the injury haz ard. A one man pull exerts a force of over 2000 Ibs.I Order one on 10 DAY TRIAL--Money Back Guar- firTM.......... $i4-50 Asked and Answered (Continued from page 32) mixture of 50 per cent oleac acid (red oil) and 50 per cent kerosene. When the latter is used', the article is first immersed in the mix ture, then washed thoroughly in a boiling water bath containing some soda ash. Although carbon tetrachloride is non-flam mable and incombustible, we hesitate to recom mend its use in operations such as yours be cause of possible toxic effects. Oleac acid has a relatively high flash point, but there may be some objection to it because of its odor and possible toxic effects. However, a special safety solvent, known as Stoddard solvent, has been developed under the sponsorship of the LJ. S. Bureau of Standards. This is a petroleum distillate, and while it will bum at temperatures above 100 degrees F., it is considered safe when used with discretion. It can be obtained from most of the gasoline refineries and is much less expensive than mix tures which are now being used. While it is perhaps faintly toxic, as are all products of this kind, it is said to be the safest from this standpoint of ail the dry solvents which might be used, its only disadvantage is that it does not evaporate as quickly as the benzol-trichlorethylene mixtures. TANK CLEANING Question; Can you give us information relative to the use of dry ice or solid carbon dioxide as an agent for reducing the hazard of working in an atmosphere of flammable or toxic gases when cleaning tank cars? Answer: The inert gas method of lowering the expansibility of gases not thoroughly re moved from tanks has proved satisfactory in many instances. When carbon dioxide is used, care should be taken that a sufficient amount be introduced to produce a concentration of not less than 50 per cent by volume. However, it must be realized that carbon dioxide methods supplement rather than supplant other methods of making tanks safe. More detailed information may be found in two addresses delivered at the Twenty-Fourth Annual Congress at Louisville. These are 'Welding and Cutting in Tanks and Other Small Unventilated Places/' by H. F, Reinhard, chemical engineer. Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York City, pages 198-203, Volume 1, 1935 Transactions; and "How to Detect and Protect against Combustible Gases/' by P. S. Williams, chemical engineer,Standard Oil Com pany of Calif., San Francisco, pages 33-43, Volume 1, 1935 Transactions. BAKER'S GLOVES Question; We are insuring a large bakery which has been having trouble with employees handling hot bread pans as they come out of the oven. They have found asbestos gloves impractical, for they do not last more than five or six hours. Is there not some sort of studded gloves or mitten manufactured that would not only withstand the heat, but also be serviceable for this type of operation? Answer: Most large bakeries use asbestos gloves when handling hot bread pans. Some, however, prefer the mitten rather than the glove, and in addition re-enforce the palm and the surface of the thumb with leather. These re-enforced mittens, which naturally are a trifle more expensive than the ordinary asbestos glove or mitten, stand a great deal more abuse and are eaually efficient. Local manufacturers of asbestos clothing tell Floor Appearance and SAFETY for All Types of Flooring Keep your floors safe as well as attractive When Legge products are used the ap pearance and safety of rigid or resilient floors can be maintained at a low cost. * Falls are responsible for 18 per cent of all occupational injuries. Slippery floors are often the direct cause of serious in juries. Reduce your falling accidents with our Non-Slip products for all types of floors. Approved by safety engineers and insurance companies. Floor Shine for rigid floors and Floor Shine AA for resilient floor* are excel, lent for Heauinsr and poiiMhitiic. Pro duce n Son-Slip luster. Sure-Tred--a \on-SIip floor finish for ail type* of floors. May he huffed to a high luster. tirip-Tred--an anti-slip treatment for stair treads, platforms, landings and various surfaces, whether wet or dry. Many other products to choose from. For ECONOMY, SAFETY and FLOOR APPEARANCE we invite your inquiries, WALTER G. LEGGE CO. 11 West 42nd St. New York City THE SAFE WAY "\JEVER SLIP Safety Clamps tor ^ use in handling- boiler plate either vertical or horizontal consti tute the safe sure way to perform this operation. They have many ad vantages over old-fashioned hooks and chains because they do not have a tendency to slip, as the weight of the piece pulls the clamp tighter. Boiler plates are easily damaged-- don't tolerate clamps that encourage bent, chipped work. The safe way is the only profitable way, Write for complete details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 GrandCentralAnnex, New York, N.Y. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 is that gloves and mittens are made in various /eights for rough usage and extreme heat, 'erhaps the make of gloves your assured is ow using is too light for the operation. Or t may be that the pans are so constructed that he sharp edges soon destroy the gloves. In me bakeries the edges of the pans are rela[vely sharp, while in others the edges and orners are rounded, so as to reduce to a mini mum the pulling action on the surface of the love palm and fingers. Additional informaon which might be helpful may be found in le National Safety Council Industrial Safety eries Pamphlet No. F-3. "Safety in Bakery Operations." rogram Announced for didwest Conference HE Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Con ference, sponsored by the Chicago Safety ouncil, the Illinois industrial Commission, ie 'Keep Chicago Safe" Committee and a rge group of cooperating agencies, will be ?ld at the Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 5, 6 id 7. Over 3,000 delegates from Illinois, idiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri and Wisinsin are expected to attend. There will i 16 different sessions during the three-day ?nod, which will be addressed by outstanding leakers from all parts of the country, on inastrial, public and home safety subjects. The high point of the conference will be a mquet on Wednesday evening, May 6, which ill be addressed by Paul G. Hoffman, Presi?nt of the Studebaker Corporation, South end, Indiana, and Chairman of the Safety raific Committee of the Automobile Manucturers Association. The subject of his adess will be--"Making Our Highways Safe The Motorists." At the banquet session plaques will be awardl to the winners in the 14th Semi-Annual terpiant Accident Prevention Contest. The Slowing companies which won in their re active groups during the period July l to ecember 31, 1935, will be awarded plaques: mmonwealth Edison Company, James B. low Sc Sons, Armour and Company, Visking rporation. Delta-Star Electric Company, 'estern Electric Company Inc., Teletype Corjration, Wallace Press, Van Cleef Brothers, merican Brake Shoe & Foundry Company, eneral Outdoor Advertising Company, oungstown Sheet and Tube Company, Great tlantic and Pacific Tea Company, and Acme eel Company. Plaques will also be presented the winners in the Southurban Group and reater Pullman Group Interplant Accident evention Contests which cover the period ctober l, 1935, to March 50, 1936. The aques will be presented by S. M. Havens, ice-President of the Chicago Safety Council r Industrial Safety. Plans for the Midwest Conference have been veloped by a committee composed of reprentatives of various business, civic and service oups under the chairmanship of J. B. Gibson the Hawthorne Works, Western Electric )mpany, and a member of the Board of Diirtors of the Chicago Safety Council. The onorable Peter J. Angsten, Chairman of the inois Industrial Commission, and the Honor* le Edward T. Kelly, Mwor of Chicago and lairman of the Keep Chicago Safe Committee, ? honarv chairmen of the conference. PHIL, 1936 6 OUNCES OF BETTER HAND PROTECTION TESTS under actual operating conditions prove: sturdy Davis Latex Gloves outwear ordinary gloves to a marked extent. And these Davis Latex Gloves are lighter and more comfortable. Your men can feel the difference--do more work with less hand fatigue. Davis Latex Gloves are seamless, too, and have no cumbersome reinforcing strips to slow up the speed and accuracy of the hands of the wearer. You will also be pleased with the slight cost. USE COUPON now to send with out obligation for further information on gloves to fit your type of industrial opera tion. .............---- ....--------------- j Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. \ 55 Van Dam Street, New York City j Please send my copy of your Bulletin j on Davis Latex Rubber Gloves to 1 DAVIS := CO., INC. Chicago, ill. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Name------------------ Address.............. City---_NG2 ! iImtiiii nnnww.inni m { { I That's the average in industries ac cording to a recent report. Vacuum Cleaning with a Spencer System enables a few operators to do more work in less time and to perform cleaning work that should not be done by hand. Such as: Cleaning ceilings and walls. Reclaiming valuable materials. Removing dangerous dusts. Cleaning shipping boxes and the finished product. Cleaning machinery. Spencer Vacuum Cleaning Systems have been developed in a wide range of types and sizes with a large variety of vacuum tools that effectively elimi nate the most obstinate industrial dirt and dust conditions. Our engineers will suggest methods and show you how little it would cost. CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. 68 USE SANITOR PA PER TOILET SEAT COVERS YEAR after year, infection takes its toll. Loss of efficiency, fatigue, nervous breakdowns, lay-offs and even fatalities are traced directly to this deadly menace. Millions have been spent in office and factory sanitation to thwart this enemy of public health and efficiency. Modern plumb ing. individual towels, individual drinking caps, and more adequate ventilation have wisely been adopted. Bat, in the crusade to check infection, many Safety Engineers have overlooked the vital importance of Sanitor Toilet Seat Covers. A major factor in spreading infection is the unprotected toilet seat. Doctors, nurses and poblic health officials are generally agreed that unprotected toilet seats afford alarming and serious possibilities for the transmission of deadly disease germs. Protect yourself and your employees by installing APPROVED Sanitor Paper Toilet Seat Covers TODAY. Write for interesting prices and descriptive literature. SANITOR MFG. CO. SANITOR508 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago TOILET SEAT COVERS Coming Events Of Interest to Safety Men April 23-24, Boston Fifteenth Annual Massachusetts Safety Con ference. (Hotel Statler.) Lewis E. MacBrayae, manager, Massachusetts Safety Council, 80 Fed eral Street, Boston, Mass. April 28, Madison, Wis, Ninth Annual Rock River Valley Safety Con ference. Harvey G. Bergner, c/o Vocational School, Madison, Wis. Apr. 30-May I, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thirteenth Annual Safety Engineering Con ference. (William Penn Hotel.) G. E. Clark son, manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, 2409 First National Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. May 5-7, Chicago Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Confer ence. (Stevens Hotel.) George G. Traver, manager, Chicago Safety Council, 222 North Bank Drive, Chicago. May 8, Allentown, Pa. Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. (Americus Hotel.) Secretary. M, E. Rice, c/o Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa. May 11-14, Atlantic City, N. J. National Fire Protection Association, Annual Meeting. Franklin H. Wentworth, managing director, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. May 11-15, Cincinnati, O. Thirteenth Annual Coal Mining Convention and Exposition. Julian D. Conover, secretary, American Mining Congress, Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. May 14-15, Charlotte, N. C. Seventh Annual North Carolina Industrial Safety Conference. T. A. Wilson, Commission er, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. May 16-23, Tulsa, Okla International Petroleum Exposition. The In ternational Petroleum Exposition Safety Con ference will be held May 21 and a first aid meet May 22. May 20-21, Asbury Park, N. J. Twelfth Annual Eastern Safety Conference. Fred M. Rosseland, secretary-manager, Newark Safety Council, 24 Branford Place, Newark, N. J. May 20-22, London, Eng. National "Safety First" Association. Annual Safety Congress. Lieut.-Col. J. A. A. Pickard. D.S.O., genera! secretary, 52 Grosvenor Gar dens, London, S.W. 1, England. May 21, Erie, Pa. Eleventh Annual Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. W. E. Dean, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa. May 21, Manitowoc, Wis. Ninth Annual Fox River Valley and Lake Shore Safety Conference. A. L. Nimtz, secre tary, c/o Manitowoc Vocational School, Mani towoc, Wis. May 21-22, Richmond, Va. Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference, i Jef ferson Hotel.) William M. Myers, managing director, Richmond Safety Council, 30 Allison Bldg., Richmond, Va. June 2-4, Columbus, O. All-Ohio Safety Congress. (Deshler-Wallick Hotel.) Thomas P. Kearns, superintendent Division of Safety and Hygiene, The Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, O. June 4, Nekoosa, Wis. Wisconsin River Valley Safety Conference. F. H. Rosebush, c/o Nekoosa Edwards Paper Co., Port Edwards, Wis. Oct, 5-9, Atlantic City, N. J. National Safety Council, 25th Annual Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago. October 26-30, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association, Annual Conven tion. Alexander Forward, managing director, American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York City. The Primrose Path A forceful warning accompanied a $5.00 fine which a New York magistrate imposed upon a motorist who got in the way of a fire truck. "Keep on frolicking this way and you won't live long," His Honor observed. "I hope I am saving your life by fining you." Safety directors and other practical executives will be interested in the low dust count, ease of maintenance and other evidences of effi ciency which distinguish Parsons Dust Collecting Systems and are reflected in an enviable record of repeat orders. Write for Bulletin DA-5. PARSONS ENGINEERING CORPORATION 6536 Carnegie Ave. Cleveland, Ohio MATTAW1T i:- * v-r-'rv.v Honor Roll Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours, or 300 working days, are invited for this department 69 American Cart Co. of Massachusetts A record which had reached 416,19"' man hours without a disabling-injury accident and was still unbroken on December 31, 1955, has been accomplished by the American Can Com pany of Massachusetts, Boston. The record be gan January 1, 1955, The average number of employees is 200, Alisafe NON SKID Ladder Shoes with Carborundum Contact Plates Defy Slipping Brunswick Laundry Co. A record of 4,083,100 man-hours without a disabling-injury accident has been accomplished by the Brunswick Laundry Company, Jersey City, N. J., a firm employing an average force of 687, The record began October 1, 1932, and was still unbroken December 51, 1935. Louis DeJonge & Co. Louis DeJonge and Co., paper importers and manufacturers, completed the past year with out a single disabling - injury accident. The record, in which 188 employees participated, represents more than 3 39,000 man-hours. Duplan Silk Corp. Between December 21, 1934, and September 30, 1935, the Duplan Silk Corporation, Hazelton, Pa., operated 1,639,909 man-hours without a disabling injury. The average number of employees during this time was 1,190. on Any Floor Sharp carborundum grits cast 1 integral with light weight alumi num alloy feet prevent slipping on any surface Exclusive integral angle stop 2 makes it impossible to incline ladder at unsafe angles Attached with saddles, no holes drilled in ladder rails ... no splitting . . . fits all ladders No spikes to get dull and slip ... safe to carry . . . will not stab other workers Carborundum contact plates 3 easily replaced at low cost Thousands of American Allsafe Lad der Shoes have met every test of time. Write for illustrated Bulletin. AMERICAN ALLSAFE CO, ate Franklin St. Bnttala, N. Y. Emsco Derrick & Equipment Company The D. & B. Pump and Supply Co,, Los Angeles, Calif., a division of the Emsco Der rick & Equipment Co., has a record which reached 642,809 safe man-hours on December 31, 1935, at which time it was still unbroken. The record began May 13, 1931. The work ing force averages 61 employees. General Cable Corp. The Buffalo plant of the General Cable Corporation has more than 400,000 injury-free man-hours to its credit. The record, begun September 20, 1935, was still unbroken March 10, 1936. During this period more than 200 untrained persons were hired for temporary work lasting from two to 12 weeks. Grasselli Chemical Co. Two plants of the Grasselli Chemical Com pany, Inc., lay claim to unusual safety records. The acid and chemical works located at East Chicago, Indiana, operated $74 days---from January 7, 1935, to January 16, 1936--an ex posure of 1,486,140 man-hours without a chargeable injury. The number of employees averages 775. The record is unbroken. The acid plant at Wurtland, Ky., has been running more than three years without a lost time acci dent. The record, started October 5, 1932, was still unbroken on December 23, 1935. At that time it had run three years, two months and nineteen days. The average number of em- APRIL, 1936 LOOK OUT FOR PAINT-SHOP FIRES They spread like the wind-- AL,, Lhigphaliynht apzraorcdeousss.e.s. are diffi cult blazes for most extinguish ers. Water or soda-and-acid units spread flames. Chemical extinguishers, including foam, act too slowly, damage paints and materials in process. How ever, the LUX Extinguisher ade quately protects these hazards. LUX carbon-dioxide snow-andgas blankets the blaze. It is the fastest known extinguishing agent... yet harmless to both man and materials. Twelve great auto plants now protect dip-tanks with auto matic LUX Systems. They ex tinguish fires with such speed that materials are not firedamaged ... and the produc tion line is moving again-- Any paint process needs special protec tion .., LUX protec tion. Prices on port able extinguishers start at $14, on Sys tems at $60. For com plete information write today to LUX '5| FIRE Walter Kldde & Company 41 Wait Street, Bloomfield* N. 4. For All Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fires 70 BARNS New Reinforced ElectricianGfoves YELLOW with BLACK center or ALL BLACK Both Steam Cured Either Straight or curved Fingers in all sizes and for all standard volt ages. The records of large utilities show that from 47 % to 75% of the gloves that are rejected on Retest are on account of mechanical injur ies, namely: TEARS, SCRATCHES, ABRASIONS and SNAGS on the glove cuff. The Reinforcement of the Cuff: is one third heavier than the hands and fingers--increases the factor of safety--longer serv ice and greater economy -- in creases the efficiency and morale of the linemen. Why the YELLOW with BLACK CENTER Glove? The laminated construction gives added dialectric and ten sile strength. Positive inspection in field and laboratory. Serious ness of all defects, snags, scratches, abrasions and imper fections are easily seen as black will show through the vellow. Try a few dozen and be con vinced of the economy and added safety factor, efficiency and high morale of your linemen. Price only 75 cents more per pair than regu lar gloves for all voltages. Originated and patented by FRANK E. BARNS E 30 North Wells Street Chicago, Illinois ployees is sixteen and the exposure period at the last date or record had reached 111,30*' man-hours. C. Hager & Sons Hinge Mfg. Co. The C. Hager Sc Sons Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo., attained a safety record of 2,931, 841 man-hours on December 31, 1935. The record began December 1, 1930, and is still unbroken. An average of 290 employees took part in building the record. Halowax Corp, A safety record of more than six years' dura tion has been made by the Halowax Corpora tion, manufacturer of wax products, Wyandotte. Michigan, which has worked 73 consecutive months without a disabling-injury accident, the equivalent of 252,223 man-hours. The last disabling - injury accident was December 31, 1929. The record was unbroken at the date of reporting, February 28, 1936, Internationa! Business Machines Corp. For the second time in two years the Inter national Business Machines Corporation, Endicott, N. Y., bettered the two-million-hour mark in safe production. The latest record was 2,156, 114 man-hours without a lost-time accident. The other no - accident period, which ended February 25, 1935, went 2,320,800 man-hours without a disabling-injury mishap. Lehigh Structural Steel Co. The Lehigh Structural Steel Co., Allentown, Pa., employing an average of 120 men, has a record which, on December 31, 1935, had reached 1,179,519 man-hours without a dis abling-injury accident and was still unbroken. The record began April 16, 1931. . from August 4, 1927, to May 13, t935. Haynes Stellite Company, Kokomo, Ind. 205 employees; 506,168 man-hours from October 23. 1934, to December 31, 1935. Kemet Laboratories Company, Cleveland Ohio, 41 employees; 215,174 man-hours from February 17, 1932, to December 31, 193s. Linde Air Products Company, Chicago, 111 417 employees; 1,029,249 man - hours 'from August 26, 1934, to December 31, 1935. Michigan Northern Power Company, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., 50 employees; 1,048,244 man-hours from December 21, 1926, to De cember 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Clarksburg, W, Va., 68 employees; 1,648,072 man-hours from October 15, 1927. to April 16, 1935. National Carbon Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 198 employees; 376,282 man-hours from June 5, 1934, to June 12, 1935. National Carbon Company, Edgewater, Cleve land, Ohio, 1,556 employees; 1,606,328 man hours from March 19, 1935, to October 17, 1935. National Carbon Company Research Labora tories, Edgewater, Cleveland, Ohio, 52 em ployees; 1,280,701 man-hours from May 24, 1927, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Fostoria, Ohio, 625 employees; 2,234,805 man-hours from February 27, 1934, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Fremont, Ohio, 320 employees; 2,190,999 man-hours from November i, 1930, to February 5, 1935. National Carbon Company Warehouse, Jer sey City, N. J., 35 employees; 693,769 man hours from December 5, 1928, to December 31, 1935. National Carbon Company, Niagara Falls, Pittsburgh District Locks At the end of November, 1935, Lock No. 4, Ohio River, (Pittsburgh district) had gone 4,162 days, or more than 400,000 man-hours without a lost time accident. Lock No. 6, Ohio River, has worked 240,000 man-hours, and Lock No. 4, Monongahela River, 212,000 hours without a lost time accident. The total number of man-hours worked by all locks in this dis trict since the last disabling accident is 5,881, 600. Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. Plants and laboratories of the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation which have worked twelve consecutive months or 1,500,000 man hours without a disabling-injury accident are as follows: American Carbolite Company, Duluth. Minn., 49 employees; 712,715 man-hours from Sep tember 23, 1928, to December 31, 1935. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., Dia mond, W. Va., 53 employees; 226,84"' man hours from November 16, 1933, to December 51, 1935. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.. Hast ings, W, Va., 55 employees; 208,062 man hours from March 22, 1934, to December 31, 1935. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., Ni agara Falls, N. Y., 134 employees; 391,688 man-hours from April 3, 1934, to May 23, 1935. Dominion Mines & Quarries, Little Current, Qnt, Canada, 52 employees; 90,900 man-hours from July 19. 1934, to December 31, 1935. Electro Metallurgical Company, Holcomb, Rock, Va., 30 employees; 673,197 man-hours HEAT CRAMPS We are able to give you com plete informa tion on the effective treat ment and prev e n t i o n of Heat Cramps, through the use of CP. Sodium Chlor ide* 'File expense Is small and results are convincingly satisfactory. McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Division McKesson it Robbins, incorporated 1382 West 9th Street Cleveland, Ohio Please send additional information on prevention of Heat Cramps. Name.... --_________________________ _____ -- Street-------- ------------------ ----------- ----------- ----- City---------------------- -- --------------------------- --------- State------------------- ------------------------ ------ ---------- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS N. Y,, 566 employees; 1,045,828 man-hours from October 18, 1933, to February 12, 1935. National Carbon Company, Fort Richmond, Philadelphia, Pa., 15 employees; t "8.893 man hours. from June 13, 1929, to December 17, 1935. National Carbon Company Warehouse, San Francisco. Calif., 19 employees; 124,209 man hours from August 26, 1932, to December 31. 1935, " Canadian National Carbon Co., Ltd., Tor onto, Ont., Canada, 240 employees; 522,654 man-hours from March 9, 1934, to July 29, 1935. " N. C S. A.. Mexico, 23 employees; 197,141 man-hours from September 3, 1931, to De cember 31, 1935, Oxweld Acetylene Company, Newark, N. J., 448 employees; 2,105,719 man-hours from September 24, 1933, to December 31, 1935. Oxweld Acetylene Company, Los Angeles, Calif. fPurox) 35 employees; 220,731 man hours from November 19, 1931, to December 31, 1935. Oxweld Acetylene Company Warehouse, Chicago, III., 58 employees, 582,965 man-hours from October 17, 1929, to December 31, 1935. Oxweld Railroad Service Co., Chicago, 111., 41 employees; 611,312 man-hours from No vember 8, 1928, to December 31, 1935. Union Carbide Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., 1,082 employees; 1,659,635 man-hours from July 17, 1934. to April 4, 1935. Union Carbide & Carbon Research Labora tories, Inc, Niagara Falls, N. Y., 100 em ployees; 432,321 man-hours from August 29, 1933, to December 31, 1935. U, S. Vanadium Corporation, Columbiana, Ohio, 13 employees; 82,513 man-hours from May 16, 1931, to December 31, 1935. EFFICIENCY PLUS CAFETY Directors tell us-"l use Davis Brac-Kits out of doors on tool houses because they are weather proof. I use them also on all my trucks and cars for they occupy so little space. Davis Brac-Kits save me time in accident emergencies when speed of action is so valuable. Best of all, the contents don't get dirty even when the kit is placed on the ground. That is why t recommend the Davis Brac-Kit for Efficiency YOU, TOO, WILL FIND THE DAVIS BRAC-KIT MOST CONVENIENT FOR TOUR USE Davis Brac-Kits contain 10 D-carton units, each of which holds material for several first-aid treatments. The standard Brac-Kit assortment includes adhesive, gauze compresses, fsodine swabs, Tannoid, ammonia inhalant, eye-dressing and a tourniquet. Use coupon now fo send without obligation for complete details of the convenient DAVIS Brac-Kit. Brae - Kit opened and ready for use. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. 5 5 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Davis Brac-Kit to DAVIS EQUIPMENT CO.,INC. Chicago, 111. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Name.. Address City... ...... Union Electric Light & Power Co. The County Electric group of the Union Electric Light & Power Co., St. Louis, Mo., worked from August 7, 1934, until February 7, 1936--978,690 man-hours--without a disabiing-iniury accident. The group comprises 335 employees. Virginia Electric & Power Co. The production department of the Virginia Electric & Power Co., Richmond, Va., on Janu ary 30, 1936, completed a three year record without a single disabling - injury accident, working a total of 1,035,046 man-hours during that period. A previous record set by this de partment ran from January 11, 1930, to January 30, 1933, a total of 1,439,77? man-hours. Thus the department has a record of six years' con tinuous operation with only one disabling-injury accident, during which time it has worked nearly two and one-half million man-hours. Wcstinghouse Lamp Co. A safetv record of 2.015,476 man-hours, still unbroken on December 31, 1935, has been accomplished by the miniature lamp department of the Westinghouse Lamp Co., Bloomfield, N\ J. The record began February 1, 1934. White Corbin & Co. Six full years without a lost-time accident have been completed by the White, Corbin & Company division of the TJ, S. Envelope Co. The plant is located at Rockville, Conn. The record, which began January 1, 1930. had been extended to 2,257,485 no-accident man-hours by December 31, 1935. At the latter date it was still unbroken. An average of about 185 employees is represented in the record. APRIL, 1936 One of the most important phases of a good housekeeping program for an industrial plant is the maintaining of clear passageways. All aisles should be kept clear for the safety of pedestrian, hand truck and power truck traffic. Well defined avenues of safety ean be easily maintained when you use the Misslv Floor Liner. This ma chine will paint a line as rapidly as one ean walk. It is easy to operate and handle and can readily be used in restricted places. Low in first cost and economical to use. Write for complete details. WALTER S. NISSLY 43 N. Clinton Street YORK, PA. 72 With the manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to. send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published New Splint for Broken Legs An improved type of leg splint, known as the Green Traction Splint, has been developed especially to enable industrial first aid workers to take care of such cases easily and effectively. The longitudinal members of the splint are made of wood. X-rays of the leg can be taken without removing the splint. The upper end of the splint is formed by a half ring of laminated wood, reversible for either leg, and the lower end by a cross piece of metal in which is mounted a hook which can be drawn forward by turning a wing nut. The splint weighs only 754 pounds complete and can be compactly packed in a flat case. It was developed by Harold Greene, of the Aetna Life Insur ance Company, with the cooperation of Dr, Harry Archer, chief surgeon of the New York Fire Department, and Dr. Robert H. Kennedy, of the American Col lege of Surgeons. The Davis Emergency Equipment Company, 55 Van Dam Street, New York City, are distributors. Dielectric Tester This new Dielectric or breakdown tester manufactured by The Acme Electric & Manufacturing Company, 1440 Hamilton Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, indicates shorts, opens, or grounds and checks circuits at under test. Acme engineers point out par ticularly the use of a second secondary winding on the same common core, but shielded from the high voltage secondary. This secondary supplies 110 volts to a small indicating ruby lamp. The lamp is inset and shielded by metal mask. This lamp glows when the tester is turned on, warning the operator of live secondary leads. On partial breakdown the lamp dims and on complete breakdown it goes out. Shockproof Screw Driver Industrial Products Company, 800 W. Somerset Street, Philadelphia, Pa, an nounces a new shock proof, unbreakable, rub ber insulated screw driv er, it is made with a live rubber handle and cabi net style blade which is moulded into the rubber so that it will not turn. It is designed for electri cians, service mainte nance and meter men and is also a practical tool for work on radios and automobile ignition. It is made in one size only, length overall 8 inches. New Light Hoist A new line of electric hoists, known as the 'Zip-Lifts" with capacity ratings from 250 to 500 pounds, is announced by the Harnischfeger Cor poration, Milwaukee, Wis. The manufacturers state they are primarily design ed for "spot handling" work in machine shops, welderies, storage booths, foundries, etc. These units are of all welded construction and are exceptionally light; the 54-ton model weighing only 100 pounds. They have hoisting speeds up to 32 feet per minute and are controlled either by push button or pendant rope. Safety is provided with a weight-type limit switch, solenoid dry disc motor brake and ratchet and roller type mechanical brake. Standard units are furnished with or without trolley. Cam Lever Switch The Gamewell Company, Newton, Mass., announce a new cam lever switch designed for use where the break-down require ments do not exceed 2,500 volts. The contacts are rated at 1 ampere, HO volts DC, non-inductive load. ' A positive stop is provided in the center position so that when the handle is re turned to this position from an operated position the contacts on the opposite side of the switch are not affected. There is approximately 1/16 of an inch between the railers and the operating springs when the switch is on the center position. Sight Light Indicator This new photoelectric illumination meter of vest-pocket size checks the ade quacy of lighting in homes, schools and factories for a wide range of seeing tasks. Illumination values as high as 250 footcandles are read directly from the scale. The scale is so spaced that low illumina tion levels are fully and legibly indicated and it is divided into five "seeing task ' zones, set off by colored divisions. The back of the indicator contains an embossed metal plate classifying specific seeing tasks. An improvement which reduces the size of th'e meter and simplifies its use is the location of the light-sensitive cell within the scale opening, as a part of the scale itself. Thus, when the meter is placed so that the cell directly views the illumination to be measured, the scale is in the natural position for easy and instant observation. Manufactured by the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, Newark, N. J, Heater for Large Openings A heater to answer the problem of heat ing entrances to garages, bus terminals, freight houses, docks, shipping and re ceiving departments, etc., is announced by the L. J. Wing Manufacturing Company, 154 West 14th Street, New York. This heater is designed for ceiling suspension just inside of and directly over each door approved standard testing voltages. The manufacturer states that this unit will per mit actual application of the standard test ing voltage of double the rated voltage plus 1,000 to the appliance device or equip ment under test and thus prove the dielec tric strength of the insulation to meet standard safety limits. The transformer used in this device permits short circuits for a period of time without any damage. This current limitation also eliminates burning of ma terials at point of breakdown of apparatus opening. The unit itself consists of a com bined electric and steam directional heater, compact in size and simple in construc tion. A powerful fan draws a large volume of air through a copper coil. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 73 Heat Tablet Dispenser The Fairway Laboratories. Inc,, Beileville. III., announce a new all metal dis penser with a lock top and key. This dispenser is unbreakable and was designed for installations where the glass hopper would not be practical. It holds a large supply of heat tablets and can be in/talled at any location where it is advantageous to have a supply of tablets available. "CM" Puller Chisholm - Moore Hoist Corporation. Tonawanda, N. Y., announces this general utility tool designed for lifting or pulling vertical ly, horizontally or at any angle. Capacities are Ci ton and H4 ton. It is in tended for numerous pull ing jobs, such as tighten ing guy wires, stretching fence, pulling posts, trench work and also for general maintenance and con- ,,, (if I struction service. An efficient gear reduc tion in both capacities provides for a minimum amount of effort to oper ate the ratchet handle-- 43 pounds to pull Yt ton. Light weight facilitates ^J.] handling--Ai ton weighs ... 17 pounds. Little space is required in service or storage. Double dutv, al loy steel chain, is used with ultimate strength in excess of five times ca pacity load. Operation is controlled by two buttons which also permit quick adjustment of the chain. Mechanism and automatic friction brake are fully enclosed. Screwdriver with Fibre Handle The Worcester Fibre Products Com pany. Worcester, Mass., is offering^ a screwdriver provided with a handle which is insulated with fibre. They state the construction allows the setting of the blade without pin or ferrule, eliminating the danger of contact from this source. The blades are of special steel selected to Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY information You Should Have A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant's ammunition for the battle of controlling accidents. A wealth of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications--much help in the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today! 1. American Dustube Collector. Bulletin No. 222. This bulletin illus trates and describes this dust collector and lists many of the dusts or materials which can be collected in this system. The Ameri can Foundry and Equipment Company. 2. How Today's Planes Are Pro tected from Fire. Thi. folder Ulus- trates and describes a special fire extinguish ing system for combating airplane engine fires. Also shows an airplane hand ex tinguisher designed for use in the cabin. Walter Kidde and Company, Inc. 7. Hydrogen Sulphide Detector. Bulletin No. DY-1 describes this de tector in detail. It is a hand operated in strument for quick, accurate detection and measurement of low but dangerous concen trations of hydrogen sulphide in air. Mine Safety Appliances Company. 8. Marine Specialties. Catalog No. 164. This catalog contains many mod ern life saving products. Included are a number of Kapok life saving vests. Also shown are blasting mats made from closely woven manila rope. Atlantic-Pacific Manu facturing Company. 3. Safety Wheel Wrench. Bulletin No. 16-A. These wrenches are designed to permit a twisting of sucker rods or wire line without hazard to the men doing the job or damage to the equipment. Baird Manufacturing Company. 4. Connector End Line Hose.a 4- page folder covering this product de signed to protect linemen where it is neces sary to cover up longer spans of wire than can be accommodated with single pieces of standard line hose. W. H. Salisbury and Company, Inc. 9. Protecting Costly Lamps Against Vibration. Folder showi heavy duty lamp shock absorber or vibration arrestor designed to give longer life to lamp filament and to prevent lamp from falling. The Thompson Electric Company. 10. Spencer Drill-VacThis interesting folder deals with portable and station ary units for the control of dust caused by the drilling of rock in mines and quarries or wherever rock drills are used. The Spencer Turbine Company. 5. Nissly Floor Liner. Bulletin No. 7 U- lustrates and describes machine especial ly designed for painting well defined traffic fanes in industrial plants. Walter S. Nissly. 6. Expansion Bolts. An interesting and comprehensive loose leaf book contain ing architectural and engineering data on expansion bolts and devices for holding to masonry. Shows various material in which anchors are used and the proper type anchors for each. The Rawlplug Company, Inc. 11. Propellair Fans. This 40 page eta- log contains a full description of all Propellair exhaust and ventilating fans for a variety of purposes. Propellair, Inc. 12. Prevention of Heat Sickness. This interesting booklet deals with the problems of heat sickness and the use of Sodium Chloride tablets. These tablets equalize physical resistance with heat hazards in all types of hot work conditions. Fairway Laboratories, Inc. render hard service and can easily be in sulated further with fibre tubing. The use of fibre also makes a strong handle that will not easily split open. This ma terial provides a non-slipping grip that holds even with oily and perspiring hands. }Statements published on this page are based on the claims of the manufac turer. While the National Safety News cannot guarantee these statements, they are believed to be accurate. APRIL, 1936 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. Please have sent to me the publications I have checked: Name.................................. .................................. ..................... .. Title................................................ -..................... .. ........................... Company........... .................................. ....................... .............................. Address...................................................................................................... April, 1936 74 We know it's a good plan to CHECK UP on DUST because DRACCO Engineers have done it and discovered that DUST was taking an enormous toil each and every day. For twenty years, DRACCO Engineers have solved DUST problems, and you are invited to avail yourself of our vast experience. In formation will be mailed upon request. CONTROL DUST A sound manage ment knows that a Dust Condition is a serious hazard and a financial liability and consider it good business to coutrol DUST. DRACCO Dust Control will give you, (1) in creased eilJciency of operation; (2 > longer life and less maintenance of equipment; i3) im proved health of workers; 14j fewer lawsuits. Have DRACCO check your Dust condition. Write for informa tion today. Write for Bulletin So. 301 DRACCO CORPORATION Successor* to Tho Quit Roeovarin* 4 Convoying Co. 407? E. 116th St. Cleveland, Ohio ~VJhe*teireJi. GOGGLES cOte aaJuuH ... -.. prevent faulty vision, annoyance, and danger keep goggles fog-dear, haze-free, sweat-less... fit v any head . . . replaceable sterile gauze bands. . . can be washed many times, yet inexpensive enough to throw away after using ... increase safety, efficiency, com fort ... snap, it's on!... snap, it's otB For Safety Sake, WRITE NOW for SAMPLES and LOW PRICES! A.E.HALPERIN CD.&r. ofiJialcoSaiEty TAattucU 267 ATLANTIC AVE. BOSTON,MA5S. Good Housekeeping (Continued, from page 16) where conditions are less hazardous. Much new construction work has been going on at all Monsanto plants in re cent years to meet the increasing de mands for chemical products in modern life. Each new building and its equip ment are carefully planned for lighting, ventilation, sanitation and protection against mechanical hazards. Experience has shown the company that there are two essentials to the suc cess of any housekeeping plan. First, the realization that the company expects good housekeeping. Second, cooperation of employees all along the line. The spirit of cleanliness and order has proved to be contagious, and it has extended to the personal appearance of employees as well as plant appearance. Health Pamphlets Now Available DECAUSE back injuries comprise such a large percentage of industrial ac cidents, a new Health Practices Pam phlet issued by the National Safety Council is of particular importance to in dustrial executives and supervisors. In addition to the "Back Injuries" pamphlet, No. 17, a pamphlet on "Light ing and Health," No. 18 has just been released. The two constitute a valuable addition to the Health Practices series. Both are written so that they may easily be understood by the layman. Pamphlet No. 17, written by Dr. Sum ner M. Roberts, includes a chart show ing the cause, treatment and prevention of back injuries. Pamphlet No. 18, written by Mrs. Janet H. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins University, explains the effect of light ing on the hygiene of the eyes. It is illustrated with charts which help the reader understand what type of lighting is needed in specific cases. Single copies of the two pamphlets are available to Council members upon request. Quotations will be given on quantity prices. According to Walter Winchell a De troit cop held up his hand to halt a lady motorist, who ignored the uplifted hand, but was promptly whistled to a stop. "Don't you know what I mean when I hold up my hand?" the cop sarcastical ly inquired of the lady. "I ought to--I was a school teacher for twenty years," she replied. WARNING! LOOK OUT FOR SLIPPERY FLOORS Floors, glazed from age and wear, are a continual source of slips and falls. They slow up production--often lay up valu able workers. Overcome this hazard with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Economical to buy--easy to apply--this slip-proof surfacing is durable, easily cleaned, re silient, oil and grease proof, unaffected by heat or cold. Folder on request. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO,, INC. 2068 Gotten Ave. Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FUT-SURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES ARMSTRONG Safe because they are ARMSTRONG Day after day, year in and year out, ARM STRONG Drop Forced "G" CLAMPS are safely depended upon to carry these great automobile body dies where the irast spring, give, or slightest loosening of the screw would spell disaster. Embodied in all ARMSTRONG an extra strength--a dependable safety factor that can he counted on. Writ# for * Catalog ARMSTRONG BROS. TOOL. CO. "The Tool Holder People'' 339 S- Francisco Ave., Chicago, L.S.A. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 75 Fluttd DlamcHd Hat.*.* Plain INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers' Section ............... 76-77-78 American Abrasive Metals Co.................... 61 American Allsafe Co..................... 69 American Chain Company.......................... 37 American Foundry Equipment Company .................................... 50 American Mason Safety Tread Co.......... 75 American Mutual Liability Insurance Co..................... 38-39 American Optical Co. ................................. 8 Armstrong Bros. Tool Co............................ 74 A CAST safety stair tread in which aluminous abrasive is imbedded in the wearing surface effectively preventing slipping whether wet or dry. Treads are easily and quickly installed on new or old work. For use with concrete, wood, marble, slate and other types of stairs. Furnished in three surfaces. Fluted, Diamond Hatched and Plain. Over 40 years' Experience is at your service for the asking. AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREAD OO. LOWELL, MAM. IN STOCK AT TEN PLANTS RYERSON STEEL-SERVICE Chicago Jersey City For SA FE Climbing-- $1.65--Use Johnson Ladder Shoes Per pair Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Eau Claire, Wisconsin Barns, Frank E.................... 70 Blaw-Knox Company ................ 52 Bradley Washfountain Co. ........................ 53 Brown Shoe Company ...................... 64 Buhrke Company, R. H................................ 57 Bullard Company, E. D. ............................... 61 Burnham Laboratories ................................. 52 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc................................... 7 Chicago Eye Shield Co...................................60 Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp............ 49 Cover, H. S........................................................... 80 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., .............................. ..51-67-71 Dayton Safety Ladder Co.........................75 Dracco Corporation........................................ 74 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co.....................63 Fairway Laboratories ....................................55 General Abrasive Co.............................. 74 General Electric Co......................................... 5 Halperin Co., Inc., A. E. ............................ 74 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ... 63 Huntington Laboratories, Inc................... .57 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. .. ,35 Industrial Gloves Corp...................................58 Industrial Products Co...................................60 Inland Steel Company ................................ 2 International Shoe Co.................................... 3 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co.............................. 75 Justrite Mfg. Co................................................ 64 Kidde & Co., Inc., Walter.......................... 69 Klein & Sons, Mathias........................... .48 Order Daytons BEFORE t the Accident Don't wait until after a cost ly accident to equip with Dayton Safety Ladders. Daytons pay for themselves Legge Co., Walter G.......................... 66 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc....................... 65 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co......................... 56 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ...62 McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Co................ 70 Mine Safety Appliances not only in accident preven tion, but in promoting faster and better work. Made of durable airplane National Safety Council, Inc......................... 4 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co............. .. .66 Nissly, Walter S. ................................... 71 spruce--light, strong, easy to carry. Straight back per mits close work. Sizes 3 to Parsons Engineering Corp. ........................ 68 Paslode Company............................................66 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp.................................Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co......................................................... 66 16 feet. Write Dept. NSN-4 for details Safety Equipment Safety First Shoe Co................................. .59 Sanitor Mfg. Co.................................................. 68 Spencer Turbine Co.........................................67 Stonehouse Signs, Inc............................ 55 THE DAYTON SAFETY LADDER CO. Taylor Co., Halsey W. ................................. 62 Trumbull Manufacturing Co............. 56 121-123 West Third Street, Cincinnati, 0. West Disinfecting Co.......................................59 Wiesman Mfg. Co..............................................53 Williams & Co., J. H............................. 54 Willson Products, Inc. ................................ 1 A puncture is a small hole in a tire, usually found several miles from a gar age- Safety Ladder i Patented) <ttnrk carried on Pacific Coast by E. D. Bul lard Co.. Los Angela* and San FVancisco, and by 160 other distributor* from coast to coast. Made and distributed in Canada by Safety Supply Co.. Toronto. APRIL, 1936 76 The Buyers* Service See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News A Accident Prevention Service National safety Council. Inc Abrasives American Abrasive Metal* Co. Co.American Foundry Equipment Verier*! Abrasive Co. Adhesive Tape and Plaster Hemover Alarms, Fire Mine Safety Appliance* Co. A mpoules, First Aid Bernhard. Robert A. Anemometers Bullard Company, J5. D. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Aprons American Allsafe Cn, Bullard Coraoany, E. D. Darts Emergency Equipment fo.. Inc. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmo**ti Safety Equipment Corp. ,, safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safetv First Supply Co. ,, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company. The Arresters, Dust American Foundry Equipment Co. Blaw-Knox Co. Bullard Company. E. >. Dracco Corporation Surty Mfg. Co., The Award*, Prise Mine Safety Appliances Co. B Radices and Buttons Bullard Company. E. It. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Bags, Tool, Linemen Ruhrke Company. R, H. Bullard Company. EL D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Indust^ai Product* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co., The Salisbury A Co.. W. H, Strauss Company. The Belts, Linemen American Allsafe Co. Ruhrke Company. R. iff. Bullard Company, EL D, Davie Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Product* Co, Klein St Bant. Mathias Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,. The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. The Belts, Safety American Altaafe Co. Ruhrke Company. R. H. Bullard Company. E. . Daria Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co, Klein 4 Sons. Mathias Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co, Straus* Company. The Belts, Tree Trimming Ruhrke Company. R, HBullard Company, K, !>, industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equtpment Corp Straus* Company. The Belts, Window Cleaning Ruhrke Company. K. H. Bullard Company. E, D. Industrial Proquota Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Blowers, Hose Mn*k Bullard Company, B. T). Davis Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Blowers, Portable, Electric Spencer Turbine Or Surty Mfg. Co.. The Hox Car floor Opener Pasiode Company Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, protectoseal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, afet* Equipment Service Co,. The Standard Safety Equipment Co. Cbain, Factory American Chain Co.. Inc. Columbus-McKinnon Chain corp. McKay Company Gas and Electric Cutting and Welding Demand Many Safeguards Accident Prevention Manufacturers Many accidents have been caused in industry by lack of adequate precau tions when using gas and electric welding equipment. Care must be taken to see that all such equipment is in good condition. Regular in spections are of great importance. Personal protection for the operator has developed along with the growth of this type of work. It is now possi ble to obtain from a number of re liable sources, the proper safeguards. Such equipment includes goggles, helmets, masks, fire resisting suits, gloves, aprons, leggings, spats, etc. Check up and be sure your welders are adequately guarded. Clothing, Fireproof American Allsafe c.o, Bullard Company, [> Darla Emergency Equipment t o., Inc. Industrial Glove* Corp Industrial Product* Corp Mine Safety Appliance* c0. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Clothing, Weatherproof American Allsafe Co, Bullard company. E, D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Glove* Corp. Industrial Products fu. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co Standard Safety Equipment Co. Collector*, Dust American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knox Co. Graeco corporation Parson* Engineering >rp. S'urty Mfg. Co., The Compounds, Cleaning Safety Clothing Co.. The Compounds. Floor and Stair, Non-slip Legge Ce,, Waiter G, Containers. Explosive Liquid Bullard Company. E. D, Davis Emergent Equipment Co Inc. Industrial Products Co. Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectoseal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Strauss Company. The D Detectors, Gas Bullard Company. E, D. Darts Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable tamp & Equipment Puimosen Safety Equipment Corp, Straus* Company. The Blackboards Blankets, Fireproof Bullard Company, E. D. D&via Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. Min Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co . The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment C*-, Blocker*. Mine Car Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Blocker*. Railroad Car Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Products Co, Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co, Buckets Hoisting Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Bulletin Board* American AUsxfe Co. Bullard Company. E. D. Dart* Emergency Equipment Co., Jnc. Elliott Service Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. r Cans, Oil Bullard Company, E, D, Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectnseal Company Safety Equipment Service Co.. The c ans. Waste Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Tnc. Industrial Products Co. Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Bullard Company. . D. Mine Safety Appliances Co,` Pulrorian .safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company, The Clamps, Rail Industrial Products Co. Puclmorops.an Safety Equipment Safety First Supply to. Clamps and Sockets Armstrong Bros. Tool Co. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. William* &. Co.. J, E. Cleaning Equipment Abrasive American Foundry Equipment Cleaning Systems, Vacuum Spencer Turbine Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The Clothing for Industrial Workers --See Aprons, (loves. Hand Leathers, Leggings. Shoes Clothing, Acid Proof Detectors, Indicators, Recorders. Car bon Monoxide Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Detectors, Pyrotannie Mine Safety Applisnce* Co. Dlsiafectants and odorants Abbott Laboratories , Huntington Laboratories, . West Disinfecting Dust Camera Dusters, Rock Mine Safety Appliances Co Portable T.amp & Equipment E Emblems, Safety Mine Safety Appliances Co, Exhausts, Grinding Wheel Surty Mfg. Co.. The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Ex terminator, Kodmt West Disinfecting Company ExtlnsuiHhers, Fire American Allsafe C`>, Bullard Company, E. D. Harker Mfg. Co. Kldde & Co.. Inc., Walter Mine Safety Appliances Co. PuJmojan Safety Equipment Corp. Pyrene Mfg. Company F Fans, Exhaust American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knox * Draoco I'orporation Surty Mfg. Co., The Fasteners or Lacera, lielt Clipper Belt Lacer Co. Films or Slides, Safety, for Rent and Sale National Safely council, Inc. First Aid Equipment .American Allsafe Co, Abbott Laboratories Bauer Se Black Bernhard. Robert A. Bishmger-Koehler Mfg. Co.. Inc Bullard Company, E, D. HurnUam Laborawne* Burroughi-Wellcora Co., <ti a,a.) Inc. Dans Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Halpeiin Co., Inc,, A, E. Bynson. Weitcott * Dunning. Industrial Product* Co. Johnson & Johnson Memk 4k Company Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety Klrut Supply 'o, Standard Safety Equipment Co. F'ns. Danger Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Products Co Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Stonehouie Sign*. Inr. Flnshliabta, pertnlsulble Bullard Company. E. D. ' Floor Cleaning Mnehtnea, Electric Llncoln-Sclilueter Floor Machy. C, Flooring .Material!, Safety .American Abruire Metait Co, American Mason Safety Tread General Abrasive Co. Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel Co Safety First Supply Co, Surty Mfg. Co.. The Footwear, Rubber BuHard Company, E. I), Industrial Product* Co, Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoian Safety Equipment Corp. Fountain's, Drinking;. Factory Bradley Washfoutitain Co. Taylor Co,, Halsey W. Fumijgants Bauer 4c Black Germicide* Ahhott Laboratories Germicide*, Catting; OH Huntington Laboratoriea, Inc. Merck and t. ompauy West Disinfecting Company Glass. Safety American Optical Company Bullaru Company. E. D, APRIL, 1936 Chiratrn Eve Shield Co Industrial Product* Co. Li.htiey-iwen-Funi ,uu* i.;. Mine safety Appliances Co. Pittsburgh Plate Class Co. Pidmnsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Set-. Ice co.. The standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Willson Products. Inc. Glove* and Mittens American Allsafe Co. Bams. Frank E. Bullard Company. E. D. Chtragn Eye Shield Co. Dans Emergency Equipment Co , Inc, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Gratings, Safety Blaw-Knoi Co. Guards, Chip and Spark Bullard Company, E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Industrial Pn ducts Co. Bafetv Equipment Service Co., The Standard Safety Equipment i o, UirardH, Flywheel Barrington St King Perforating Industrial Products Co. surty ilfg. Co., The Guard**, Portable Lamp Guards, Power Press American Allsafe ` n. * hioag" Eye s .jei.i i Industrial Product* Co standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Wiesman Mfg, Co. Guards, Safety American Allsafe Co. Bullard Company', E. D, Dari* Emergence Equipment Co., Inc. Harrington & King Perforating industrial Products Co, An Incident That Clearly Shows the Value of Safety Belts and Lines While three riggers were repairing a crane run-way about 35 feet above the ground, the coupling on the air hose they were using broke. The hose end struck all three men knocking two of them out and dazing the other. All men wore safety belts and lines properly tied, saving them from fall ing to the ground when they were knocked off the scaffold. Two of the men returned to work after proper treatment at the plant hospital and the third one returned the next morn ing. Had they not been wearing safety belts and lines the results may have proved fatal. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section of the National Safety Council Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safey Appliances Co Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. s.-afety Equipment Service C.\, Tile Safety First Supply Co. SaLUbury 6r Co.. W. H. Standard Safety Equipment Co, C.OKKlM American Allsafe Co American Optical Company Bullard Company. E, D, Chicago Eye Shield Co. * over, H ,s, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. PuSmoem Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Servtce Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Mandard Safety Equipment co, Willson Product*. Inc. LongN, SlreuR, Horns and other Slpmalina Devices Bullard Company, E. D. Guards, Foot and Toe Bullard Company, E, D. Ellwood Safety Appliance Co, Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safetv Appliances Co. Pulmoian Safety Equlipment * urp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Flr*t Supply Co Standard Safety Equipment Co, voupauy, The Girards, Gear Surty Mfg. Co.. The Guards, Grinding; Wheel surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Jointer Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Standard Safety Equipment C<> Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Kick Press Surty Mfg. Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co., The Straus* Company, Inc.. The Surty Mfg. Co., The Wiesman Mfg. Co. Guards, Saw Bullard Company, K. D Industrial Products f'X Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The Guards, Shaper Industrial Products Co Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co . The Guards Treadle Surty Mfg. Co., The H Hand Cream Bnllarrt Companv. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hats, Safety Bullard Company. E, D. Inaustriai Products Co. Mine safety Appliance* Co. .Pulmoian Safety Equipment corp. Gaiety First Supply Co. Straus* Company, The Head* Safety, Explosion Heat Cramp Preventives Fairway Laboratories, Inc, McKesson-Hail-Van Gorder Co. Helmets, Safety American Allsafe Co. American upijcai Company ttishtnger-Koehler ilfg. Co,, Inc. Bullard Company. E. D, Chicago Eye Shield to. Davis Emergency Equipment r-i , Inc, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* c>. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co standard Safety Equipment < o, Straus* Company, inn. The Willson Product*. Inc. Hoists, Electric Holders, Tool Armstrong Bros. Tool Co. Williams St Co.. j. H, Hooks, Safety Belt Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Portable Lamp St Equipment Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corn. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Straus* Company, The llooks. Safety, Hoisting? Industrial Products Co, Williams St Co., J. H. Ital Equipment Bullard Company, E. D, Burroughs-Wellcome Co.. iU,8.A.) Inc, Davi* Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety P1r*t Supply Co. I inellnators. Carboy Bullard Company, E, D, Industrial Product* Co. Safety F4qu|pment Service Co., The Indicators, Flammable Vapor Bullard Company. E, D. Davit Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co, inhalators BDhinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Bullard Company. E. D. Daria Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Insurance American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Interlock Systems 1`niim Switch * Signal Co. J I. Gadder Shoes or Feet American Abrasive Metal* Co, American Allsafe Co, American Mason Safety Tread Co. Bullard Company. E. D. Davt* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Co, Industrial Product* Co. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Patent Scaffolding Co., The Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Surtv Mfg. Co., The 78 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Ladder*, Safety American AUsafe i>. Bullard Company, E, D. Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Patent Scaffolding < o. The Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Lamp*, Safety Benjamin Electric Mfg, Co. Bullard Company, E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Lantern*. Carbide Bullard Company, E. D. Lantern*, Electric Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products <V Justrite Mfg. C >. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Leather*. Hand American Allsafe Co. Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product* Co, Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service i o,, The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company. The Legging* American Allsafe Co. Buit&rd Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Con). Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment C' rp. Safety Equipment Service V, The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company. The Lighting Equipment, industrial Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co. General Electric Company Westinghcuse Electric & Mfg. Co. Looker* and Hangers for Clothing Industrial Product* Co, Look*. Lamp Industrial Products Co, Min Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Lubrication Pyroil Company M Machine*, Floor Clean ing, Electric Llncoin-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. Marker*. Traffic N'isslv, Walter S .Safety Equipment Service Co The American Allsafe Co. American optical Company Bishlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co.. Inc. Bullard (nmpany, E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. "'no Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment < v.rp. Safety Equipment Service C.-., The Safetv First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Straus* Company, Inr , The Willson Products, Inc. tint*. Standing, safety Bullard Company, K. D Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Product* Co Safety First Supply Co. Metal, Expanded Surty Mfg. Co.. The Metal, Perforated Harrington & King Perforat ing Co. Meters. Light Testing General Electric Co, Straus* Company, Inc , The Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. FI, Poster Service Elliott Service Co. National Safety Council, Inc. Bullard Company, E. D. Chicago Eve Shield Co. Davta Emergency Equipment 'o,. Inc. Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Protectors, Vrm Bullard Company B. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. Inc , The Pnhlleations, .SafetyNational Safety founnl. Inc, Safety Magazine Publishing Corp. Papers, Fuse Bullard Company, E D. Industrial Products C, Mine Safety Appliance? C<, Safetv Equipment Service Co., The Foot injuries Are Numerous/ but Adequate Protectsan Can Be Easily Provided i Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers National The legs and feet are involved in approximately one-fourth of all indus trial injuries. Adequate foot protec tion would beyond question, reduce the number of injuries involving the feet. For example, the following true story is but one illustration of the value of such protection: "While loading plate glass, a large piece broke, fell and struck the foot of one of our packers. Fortunately he was wearing steel foot-protectors. While the glass pierced the protector and cut the shoe cap, the toes of the foot were not injured. Undoubtedly, without this safeguard the packer would have suffered a painful and serious injury." Induitrial Product* Co. Mover*, Railway Car Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial Products Co. Paslode Company Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Standard Safety Equipment Co. 0 Oxygen Breathing Apparatu* BldUnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Davi* F.mergeacy Equipment !'<>,, Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. P Paes, Miner*' Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Pad*, Knee Bullard Company. E, D. Industrial Gloves Ct-rp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine safety Appliance* Co, Safety F.quipment Service The Safety First Supply Co, Industrial Glove* Corp. industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard safety Equipment t,i Straus* Company. Inc., The Protectors, Finger Bauer & Black Industrial Glove* Corp. safety Equipment Service Co., The Straus* Company. Inc., The Protector* for Linemen American Allsafe Co. Bullard Company, E, D. Davts Emergency Equipment 'n,, Inf, Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmrsan Safety Equipment Safety Equipment Service Co,. The Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury & Co., W H. pomp*. Oxygen Blshlnger-Koehler Mfg. C'o,, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. R Respirators Mine Safety Appliance* Co. American AUsafe Co, Atmrican Optical Company Blshinger-Koenler Mfg. Co,, Inc. Bullard Company. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Cover, H, S Davi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Kqui. _nt Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Supnly Co Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Re*n*citation Equip ment Blshlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Bullard Company. E D Davts Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance? Co, Rone. Wire Williamsport Wire Rooe Co. Scaffolding, Safety Patent Scaffolding Co.. The Screw Driver*, Non Skid Industrial Products Co. Surty Mfg. < o . The Seats, Toilet, Sanitary SanUor Mfg. Company Shade*, Eye, Non- brenknble Bullard Company. E i> Chicago Eye shield rv> Davi* Emergency Equipment Do., Inc, Industrial Pr< ducts Co Mine Safety Appliance* To, Safety Equipment Service Co,. The " Shade*. Window, industrial Shoes, Safety, Factory and Foundry American AUsafe Co. Brown Shoe Company Bullard Company, K D, Industrial Products Co, International Shoe Co Lehigh Safety shoe ro. Mine Safety Appliance? >'n Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First shoe c. Safety First Supply Co. Shoe*. Wooden so'e Industrial Products o> Safety Clothing Co.. The Signs, Accident Prevention Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial Products Co Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Stonehouse Signs. Inc. Siren* and Signal* Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products Co, Sling*, Chain American Chain Co., Inc, Columbus-McKInnon Dhain Corp. Sling*, Safety. Wire Rone Williamsport Wire Rope Co. Soap Huntington Laboratories, Inc. West Disinfecting Co, Sole*. Shoe. \on-nllp Lima Cord Sole St Heel Co. Sterilizing Equipment Straw*, Safety Ruhrke Company. R, H. Bullard Company. F. P, Davi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co, Klein A Sons. Mathias Strauss Company. Inc.. The Stretcher t'nit* Sweat Band* for Goggle* Halperln c;o , Die.. A. K, Systems, Dust Control American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knot Co, Dracco Corporation Pawns Engineering Corp. Burt.v Mfg. Co.. The Tent*, Pneumonia Blshlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Tester*. Fuse Tool*. Linemen Bullard company. E, D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co , Inc, Industrial Products Co. Klein <fe Sons, Mathias NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 79 THE BUYERS* SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75---When writing, please mention National Safety News Tool*. Marking: or Stamping Tools, Non-sparking Ampco Meui, Inc. Bullard Company, E. D, Dirli Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Pulmostn Safety Equipment Corp. Torches, Blow Klein A Sons. Mathiae Treads, Safety American Abrgiivo Metals Co, American Allaafe Co. American Mason Safety Tread Industrial Product* Co, Inland Steel (o. surty Mfg. Co.. The Trestles, Safety, Extension Industrial Products Co. Patent scaffolding Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Trophies V Valves, Oxygen Bhhlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co,, Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Vending Machines, Sanitary Ventilating Equipment American Foundry Equipment Blaw-Knox Co. Drtcco Corporation W Washers, Safety for Cirluding Wheels Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipment C Washroom Equipment, Industrial Bradley Wasbfountain Co, Welding Equipment Wrenches, Hopper Car Industrial Product* Co, Pailode Company Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety Pint Supply Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co.. The Wrenches, on-sparklnt? 'jlliam* & Co,, J, H. Wrenches, Open End \rra*trong Bros Tool Co. THmont Mfg. ro. William* it Co , I, H, Wrenches, Pipe Armstrong: Bros. Tool Co. Trimont Mfg. Co. Williams it Co,, j. h. Wrenches, Socket Armstrong Bros. Tool Co, Williams A Co , .1. H. The following companies are those whose names appear under the various headings contained in this Buyers' Service Abbott Laboratories ..................... N'.rth Chicago 111. American Abnsiye Metals Co, . .. ..Irvington, V J American Allsafe Co, . Buffalo. N\ Y. American Chain Co.. Inc. , . .......Saw York. .S'. Y. American Foundry Kquipraem c'r>.............Mishawaka Inn. American Mason Safetv Tr*ad Co. ... . , Lowell, Mass. American Mutual Liability Insurance c>*. . Boaton, Mass Americin ()ptlcI Co............................ .. . s utlibrldie, lint American Tel. & Tel Co........................ Men York, N. Y. Ampco Metals Inc .......... ...................... ....Milwaukee, WIs. Armstrong Bros. Toni Vn. .................... .........Chicago III Barns. Frank K, .....................................................Chicago, III. Bauer It B ack ....................... ................................. Chicago, III. Benjamin Electric A Mfg. Co......................... De* Plaines, ill. Bernhard. Kobert A...........................................Rochester N Y Blshinger-Koehler Mfg. Co.............................. Pittsburgh, Pa. BUw-Knox Co. .............................................. Pittsburgh, Pa. Bradley Washfountain Co................................ Milwaukee Wis Brown Shoe Company ................................ .....St tjm(* Mu guh/ke Co.. R H.................................... < hicago. III. Bullard Co., fc,. {> , .- ................... San Francisco, c'alif, Burnham Laboratories ,. . , W, Meitwav .Mass Bum,ughi-Wellcome & Cn, (U.S.A. I Ioc,, Sew York. N.Y. IWcuio Eye Shield Co.............................................Cblciw. llL CUmJer Belt Lecer i 0, , ------------- Orend Repld,. Mich. Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp............. Touawanda. N Y. Cover, H. S. ..,................................................south Bend, Inrt, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. .. New York. N\ Y. Dayton Safety Ladder Co,. The ................. .Cincinnati, Ohjo Draeco Corp.................... ...................... ...Cleveland. >hi Rtlwood Safety Appliance Co. ............. ...EJllwood City. Pa. Elliott Service Co , ...............New York, N. Y, Fatrway Laboratories, Inc, ..............................Belleville, HI, Genera! Abrasive Co, ............................Niagara Falls, NL Y, 'eneral Electric Co, . , .....................Cleveland, Ohio Halperin Co,, lur., a. e. ...........................Boston, Mass, Barker Mfg. Co. , .................................... ............Dayton, obi) Harrington A King Perforating Co. ........Chicago, 111. Huimngton Laboratories Co, ......................Huntington, Inch Hynsoa. Westeott * Dunning, Inc. ...... Baltimore, Md, Industrial Gloves Corp. ............... .......Danville, 111. fndustnal Product* Co. ..................... Philadelphia, Pa. Inland Steel Co, .. --..............Chicago, ill. International Shoe Co.........................................St, Louis, Mo. Johnson & .Johnson ........................... New Brunswick. N. J, Johnson Ladder Shoe Co, .......................Eau Claire, Wis, J nitrite Mfg. in , ................................................ Chicago. Ill, Kidde A Co,, Inc., Walter ...........New York, N, Y. Klein & Sons, Mathia* ................... .............. ... .Chicago, 111. Lease Co Walter G...................................... New York. N. Y. Lenigh Safety Shoe Co. ................... ............ Allentown, Pa. Libbey-Uwens-Forq Glass Co. ........................Toledo. Ohio Lima Cord Bole A Heel Co., The ......................... Lima, Ohio Lineoln-Sohlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ........... Chicago. I1L McKesson-Hall*VanGordev Co..........................Cleveland. Ohio McKay Co............................................................. .. .Pittsburgh, Pa, Merck A Co,, Inc, .New York. N, Y, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. .............New York, N. Y, Mine Safety Appliances Co................ ...Pittsburgh, Pa. National Safety Council. Inc........................ ....Chicago. III. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. ........ New York, N. Y. NUaly, Walter S, ................................ .. . York Pa. Paraona Engineering Corp...................... -- Cleveland, Ohio Paslode Company ................................ ................... iiucago. Ill, Patent Scaffolding Co.. The ........................... < hlcago. 111, PUtaburgh Plate Glass Co, . ....................... Pittsburgh, Pa. Protectoseal Co, .......... .................... ................. htcago, IU, Pulmostn Safety Equipment Corp. . .Brooklyn, S. if. Pyrene Mfg. Co................... , . .. Newark. N. J. Pyroll Co. ....................................................... .. i..iCrosse, Wj*. Safety Equipment Service io,, The ,----- Cleveland, Ohio Safety Firit Shoe Co................................. . HolUston, Mas*. Safety Flnt Supply Co, .... ................. Pittsburgh. Pa. Safety Magazine Publishing corp. ... New York. N. Y, Salisbury A Co. Tnc.. W, H. .......... .. Chicago, 111. Sanltnr Mfg. Company ............... ...................... .Chicago. 111. Spencer Turbine Co.. The ................................Hartford, Conn. Standard Safety Equipment Co........... .Chfcago, ni. Stonehouae Signs, Inc, --........... Denver, Colo, Strauaa Co., Inc.................... .. .. Pittsburgh, Pa. Surty Mfg, Co,, The ....................... .. , . ...-Chicago, III. Taylor Co,. Halsey W.......................................... Warren, Ohio Trimont Mfg. Co. ................. .... ., Boston. Mass. Trumbull Mfg. Co.. The ....................... .................Warren, Ohio Union Switch A Signal Co, ............. ,Swis.sva!e, Pa, West Disinfecting Company ........ Long Island City, N. Y. Westinghouse Electric A Mfg. Co. ...East Pittsburgh, Pa. Wletman Mfg. Co. , .............. .................. .. Dayton, Ohio Williams * Co., J. H. ............................... Buffalo. N, Y. Williamsport Wire Rope Co. ................... .Williamsport, Pa. Willson Products. Inc. ........................... ...Reading, Pa. Industrial Safety Market A S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a com plete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate- rial to meet your requirements. . National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) APRIL, 1936 Company , Address , . Your Name BO Contestants Show Skill in Unscrambling Words T^HE scramble for prizes in the Scram bled Word Contest that marked the February activity in the Safety Calendar competition brought out a wealth of un usual material from some 3,000 en trants in all parts of the world. Hundreds of es says in rhyme were received, but only one of these was judged worthy of a place among the major prize win ners on the basis L. W. Francisco of thought, rhyme, and rhythm. This poem, incidentally, was the first prize winner. The fortunate author was Lawrence W. Francisco, 2907 Ferris Road, Els- mere, Delaware. An Alaskan nun, Sister Mary Rosa linda, of the Pius X Mission, Skagway, won second prize. Samuel E. Power, Jr., 6928 Green wood Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., won third. Winners of the fifteen $1.00 awards were as follows: Mrs. M. j. Adams, 1705 Monroe Street, Wichita Falls, Texas. Mrs. H. G. Kahl, 603 North Street, West Bend, Wis. Mrs. W. S. Hutchinson, Koppers Store No. 22, Beards Fork, W. Va, Carlos Gallardo Vega, P.O. Box 662, Ponce, Puerto Rico. George C. Peters, 115 King Street, Aliquippa, Pa. Miss Marie D. Haggerty, 204 Renova Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Julian F. Smith, duPont Experimental Sta tion, Wilmington, Del. R. E. Whalen, 2542 Graham Avenue, Akron, Ohio. Ray Peterson, 110 W. New York Avenue, Oshkosh, Wis. Charles V, Ortner, Darien Center, N. Y. Louis T. Valley, 35 Maple Street, Hudson Falls, N. Y. J, Vincent Anderson, 4857 14th Ave., So7 Minneapolis, Minn. Thomas A. Smith, 131 N. Belvidere Ave., York, Pa. William C. Musolf, 604 Illinois Avenue, Huron, S. D. Harold Rogers, 417 S, 15th Street, Reading, Pa. Fewer entries were received than in the first contest. This is believed due to the fact that many were unable to un scramble one or more of the six words offered as safety brain teasers. Some en tries were submitted with only four or five words unscrambled, and naturally, these were ruled out in accordance with the contest regulations. Some failed to arrange the scrambled letters in the right formations. For example, one contestant derived "nose guard" rather than "dangerous" from the letters "rudasogen." Another, by omitting an "e", transformed "rongacine" into "no racing" instead of "ignor ance." Most of the January prize winners were also entered in the February con test, but strangely, not a single one of them placed in the final list, and only one was grouped with the first 100 as the elimination progressed. An unusual feature of the contest was the fact that several schools took part, sending mass entries in which entire grades were apparently represented. Bette/i Safeti... RESPIRATORS with tha. QtiUfUijcdl DOUBLE FILTER CHAMBER BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 4 This DUPOR respirator has a clear entrance filter aperture of 7Vz sq. in. It uses special felt filter pads 5/16" thick. Extra pads 4c each. The exhalation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made in soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and revers ible. Price $18.00 per do Sample postpaid $1.50 CHIPPEWA-A The DUPOR Respirator No. 16 has a much enlarged area of the filter chambers with the screw cap threaded clear over the edge thus saving much space; and has a THUMB REST' on the side (patent applied for) making possible this light weight construction. Total weight only 5 ounces. This new inven tion makes possible a superior respirator that provides a large filter area, as small dead air space as possible, low breathing resistance and comfort. Write today for additional information! THOUSANDS OF DUPOR RESPIRATORS NOW IN USE Used for all kinds of dusts, smoke, light fumes, vapors and paint spray that are free from harmful gases. BASIC PATENT NO. 2,000,064 DETAIL PATENTS PENDING AND ALLOWED MANUFACTURED ONLY BY H.5.COVER BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 16 This DUPOR has enlarged ad justable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very Urge aperture of 16 sq. in. Extra `A" thick pads 4c each. The ex halation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made of soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and reversible. Price $24.00 per doz. Sample postpaid $2.00 SOUTH BEND, IND., U.S.A. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The new Pulmosan Safely Catalog is complete-- compact--convenient. It gives you instant access to authoritative data on every requirement in industrial safety equipment. The catalog brings you a well-rounded, careful selection of the latest, proven safety devices. It is based upon more than a quarter-century of safety experience with plants in every industry. Included are respirators, goggles, masks, helmets, safety clothing, ladders, machine guards and 1 pu countless other safety items of tested merit. Order your safety equipment from the Pulmosan catalog. You will save time and money . . . with safety! Mail the coupon below, to get your free copy of the Pulmosan Safety Catalog. Or write on your firm letterhead. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Member: industrial Safetp Equip. .Iss'n. 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mich, Distributor: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Detroit Lake Superior Dist. Distr.: \V. P. & R. S. MARS. Duluth, Minn. ITHIS COUPON BRINGS YOUR COPYII Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp., 76 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gentlemen: Send your new Safety Catalog, without cost or obligation.