Document rk5z5ywvg8E2g5aaZ63wDmN7

FILE NAME State of the Art Literature SAL DATE 1972 DOC SAL075 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Presentation from Conference - Practical Methods for Protection of Men Working with Asbestos Materials in Shipyards SAFETY AND HEALTH IN SHIPBUILDING AND SHIP REPAIRING PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ORGANISED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF FINLAND THE INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HELSINKI THE FINNISH ACCIDENT PREVENTION ASSOCIATION AND ORGANISATIONS OF EMPLOYERS AND WORKERS IN THE FINNISH SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE HELD IN HELSINKI FINLAND 30 AUGUST - 2 SEPTEMBER 1971 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE damp easy installation installation materials remain remain ar e tagged . Fig. 3 - preventing diinsspuelrastailon mater al. Tha bagesasy installation. bags containisnigte.dampThe materia 1s reaat:n damp for the delivery if 0 PRACTICAL MEN OF BEET WORELIG WETHOTS FOR PROTECTION PRACTICAL METHODS PROTECTION PROTECTION AcA. " et nh Abstract Abstract medical set UD by leading asbestos Research Council was leading leading asbestos * The Asbestosis United Kingdom Council was set by out sponsor asbestos companies in the cause 1957 carry disease related and research into the nature dust prevention prevention disease scientific inhalation of asbestos has established addition its scientific research projects Control develop established Environmental Environmental Envirpornmaecnttialcal control Committee investigate investigate those situations methods practical contain- asbestos asbestos could all all a manner manner likely materials materiaplostentially potentialy a could used used harmful quantities report report given given produce produce of dust dust particular study results situations where dificulties the space those those the working special difficulties through to identify limitations study product product area work aim bo the situations identify type of occurred work patterns patterns and situations practical these difficulties occurred mainly to information information methods control collect practical practical such methods have and cheo ck f operatives operatives effectiveness standards devised reducing exposure exposure acceptable acceptable reducing operatives operatives in reducing tha exposure programme Asbestosia asbestos Kingdom as 1957 operative the three three operative prosecute United research organisation organisation prosecute prosecute programme programme research into the the causation prevention prevention of asbestosis A research - research prevention of asbastpsise caugation and preventicn Chairman . Control Committee: Asbestosis Chairman, Kingdom Kirgdom. Research GouneLl, United ul HYGIENE MATERIALS 95 OF MEN WORKING WITH ASBESTOS PROTECTION through through establish the recommend attempts Groups establish establish recommend working methods appropriate to different materials types materials different areas different In case ship some construction , highlyhighly specialised specialised specialised and related exceptional circumstances circui mstas nces evidence evidence incidence of asbestos disease incidence areas There workers workers in areas of among workers is higher instance other areas chere 1a have first instance tried the environmental cort cort have this situation in United We have then cought risthee practical experience experience which users methods this development development industry the working considered considered this industry the level development asbestos exposure and have itself to effectively effectively reduced experience extent experience industry industry industry applied to in uters extent sectors applied hoped construction construction repair It is information about these practices the form practices . the the Safety Guides \ qnformation Control Safety Guided. to asgendie course * conditions Control and due environmental environmental environmental of Special Special hitherstopropaeyreatdienagrly mpireed-xcdfeolprtmeieodsnaelctioonafl workers conditions and the origin earlier earlier periods perhaps perhaps of materials years is necessary therefore therefore consider consider kind which work which being used during those those and the way way in which was carried in during carried the to consider in which work ease was therefore: particularly particularly particularly years materials were In early vessels years these vessels vessels early filled filled mainly insulation insulation late or chrysotile increasingly increasingly from 1930s until the 1960s Sprayed asbestos asbestos crocidolite increasingly was from increasingly used frcem 1940s - asbestosis filled increasingly years was cases ten new In past years half come from insulation insulation side the have asbestos asbestos very the build tion quarters quarters resulted resulted in levels of experienced concentrations concentrations csontcenrtriatpiopnsingdsutrippsing tthough nothing nothinlg liike ke levels levels voefry experienced experienced experienced in . of especially the bulld-up rion The condictoindointsionsoccondcitionus rorcicunrgring occmurardineg sshhiippyyaarrddss especially especially naval have ds to high combination combination restricted the need restricted confined an services services factories dust reduction control the available available second prevalence prevalence hitherto of particularly particularly are friable materials third operations operations friable particularly dust fourth extensive use stripping type create create excessive crocidolite - believed 7 particular particular particular asbestos asbestos crocidolite associated All these factors appear especially associated create with mesothelioma persistent factors have combined associated directly use the manipulation ven affecting involved not directly ~ manipulation manipulation manipulation workers involved All of thene factors appear an BtTippings of agbestofi a particular type with mesothelioua. and of associated especially to create an exceptional involved in the manipulation to have conbinedworkerd not directly even affecting riots. persponraloblem paansipapsttyaradrea exceeds qne gituation today insulation now uses for thermal situation today are are at least in British materials materials and Non asbestos asbestos materials thermal thermal insulation insulation used thermal British insulation insulation shipyards least and sprayed rarely at unless unless predamping predamping employed employed Nevertheless Nevertheless long in which these service dust problem problem the with its attendant attendant by The materiale which continue continue to used pose is difficult materiale of control continue be used Kingdom control exhaust problems provision provision United United ventilation ventilation ventilation protection requifriedbres the asbestos asbestos dust exceeds Many fibres or is cra^idolite 0.2 case of cra^idolite this asbestos containing containing materials in regular not come regular under certain category and are conditions regarded as to dusty Some Some others many certain conditions conditions can give rise above this level cases it these has been found possible devise methods of working equipment which adequately . insulation problem whether Control and safety measurea probles for most vost difficult The operation presenting difficult for 4 Stripping is stripping off presenting consists ae dust control or formed insulation Techniques developed in sprayed asbestos dockyards and insulation insulation Techniques contractors contractors Wake industrial British naval have relied major users contractors on namely industrial installations wetting wetting basic methods rhisy namely enclosure suppression reduce reduce protection working area wetting has been reported reported been reduce concentrations concentrations concentrations working technique abandoned in British other problemsprobleexmcespt abandoned creating many waste during many many control control waste cEonntcroll osure of waste during disposal sheeting sheeting polythene with polythene polythene sheeting sheeting ventilation ventilation ventilation example example creating polythene develop- with ventilation system hopeful pressure can develop- limit contaminated contaminated incorporating manufacturer manufacturer develop- receptacle wet stripping incorporating dust proof stripping pust receptacle receptacle receptacle date however respiratora engaged stripping British must or positive pressure conforming respiratora protective protective Standard clothing 4275 breathing body apparatus with well as ag completely clothing completely completely covering incorporating the face to neck asrespirator respirator apparatus incorporating be comfortable the respirator breathing aparatus apparatus found comfortable comfortable wear and acceptable breathing working in restricted restricted areas over quite long work work periods acceptable working in restricted for men c Shteraivcyt plastic plastic collected waste completion bags work disposal stripped particularly ia and upon completion completion material during the work, in impermeable containers bags collecte 4 waste in impermeable heavy plastic Spreyed 02 heavy plastic coe asbestos . operator's operation producing producing heavy also concentrations not only Concentrations Concentrations operator's breathing breathing fibres also also areas . Concentrations adjacent 1,500 level level 200-300 more reported though though 200-300 200-300 fibres fibres is sore areas, level in adjacent though a level of ml more 200-399 have been reported, 96 ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE WORKING PROTECTION OP MEN WITH ASBESTOS MATERIALS 97 Table 1 USE OF ASBESTOS MATERIALS MATERIALS IN SHIP CONSTRUCTION > DUST LEVELS OBSERVED IN TYPICAL OPERATIONS 1 Operation Asbestos dust concentration fibres A B 0 1 ripping 7 Sweeping and bagging debris Removal of sprayed coatings Mean 353 248 Max 3 815 1 906 83 Adjacent areas Removal of lagging 100 62 159 asbestos Spraying Undamped Predamped Application of pipe lagging lagging 15 asbestos Incombustible board Cuting without exhaust Cutting portable exhaust without exhaust Drilling portable exhaust Asbestos cloth Various operations Conventional suppressed New proce99 Rango 173 to 322 - Range 1.7 to 4.7 150-1 500 1-4 11.2 61 40 60 - 100 1 . 1.1 to 4.5 1.0 to 1.9 . 0.7 to 0.9 - 5 to 10 ~ 1 to 3 - 0.2 to 1.5 f " Not necessarily observed in a marine situation A. P.G. Harries 1 1967 remainder 1971 B. ARC c Government hygienists a . normal The development of predampinginttercohdnuicqeudestowhtehreebfyeedthetank of asbestos fibre is wetted before being to reduce the amount of dust the spray has been demonstrated the Factory Inspectorate see dramatically In the United Kingdom asbestos providing that no problem in the application of sprayed amosite fibre is the fibre is predamped and that only chrysotile or used see table ) Table 2 APPLICATION OF SPRAYED ASBESTOS COATINGS COMPARISON OF PREDAMPED WITH DRY FIBRE FEED Position of sample Asbestos fibre concentration fibres Without predamping With predamped fibre Official test ARC test Spray operative's shoulder Feeding machine 1 500 150 d 4.2 nem 1.9 ralheniws Feeding damping drum lat distance from sprayer - 9m 19-37 4.5m 1 4.7 6m 3.0 2nd distance from sprayer 18m 12 12m 1 10m 1.9 fat Asbestos cloth and thermal insulation The main source of dust from insulation lies in the primary lagging and therefore where operating asbestos materiala such as calcium silicate conditions permit introduced Although the asbestos cloth eo) and mineral wool haavnde bineemnattresses has never been considered to covering on pipes other than minimally to the hazard the asbestos industry contribute textile materials to reduce still further the has developed improved have taken the form possibility of dust emission Such improvements with dust either of conventionally produced asbestos cloth a suppression treatment or of a cloth made by an entirely new process and also subject to a dust suppression treatment gener Even with asbestos primary lagging stripping will produce considerable quantities of dust which although not asbestos make protection desirable The amount of dust from the asbestos covering treated with a covering compound cloth which is usbuealsliygnpiafiinctaendt orTable 3 indicates the effect of is not likely to of various measures to reduce the asbestos dust the introduction It be seen that having eliminated asbestos from the level primary can lagging with presently available asbestos covering materials reduced to a level considered to be the asbestos dust is hazardous a, ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 100 Table 4 BOARDS OR PANELS VARIOUS OPERATIONS WITH INCOMBUSTIBIE Operation {- Hand sawing : | Unveneered Veneered i Power hand saw Unveneered Veneered fibres Asbestos dust concentrations = Other reported counts A test room investigation without without dust with dust extraction extraction without with dust extraction extraction 31.4 58.4 - 13.8 to 44.6 - - > 200 1.6 87 1.5 63 to 109 1.1 - - Bench saw Unveneered Veneered 100 4.5 . = 109 to 186 1.5 - 1.4 Power drill - Unveneered 1.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 - 5.4 [| Veneered Veneered 1.0 . These counts have been under varying conditions but has been used in all cases reported by various investigators the ARC's membrane sampling method PROTECTION OF MEN WORKING WITH ASBESTOS MATERIALS 101 : ships may continue to be be enjoyed at no risk to those who build to sea may the Acknowledgments preparation this Much valuable help has been given in the preparation preparation from manufacturers and users of asbestos the assistance is gratefully United United Kingdom In particular Harries of the Royal Navy acknowledged of Surgeon Commander P.G. Inspectorate of Swan Hunter Limited HM Factory Colin Committee Mr. ofDotuhgelaWsorking Groups of the Environmental Control Research Council Cembers and member companies of the Asbestosis kb {~ Conclusion Conclusion of tools which do not development More work must be done in the with efficient dust extraction produce dusTtheroer wihsicshcopaere foerquifpupretdher improvementtheinmothset diemvpeolrotpamnetnt devices Possibly one of materials of standards of hygiene oafreadsusftorsupipmrpersosveedment is in the raicsoinncgerned - both management and atandards the education of all those and safety awnodrkeirns ~ in adhering to the worIktinwgillprnooctedubereseasy to maintain a immediate devised for their protection since neglect produces no consistent level particularly and a sustained educational penalty Only by continual vigilance be achieved standard effort will the desired reviewed and that the methods of control we havethese to have been We believe and that time will show materia are practicable part played by asbestos who recomm important materia effect effect so that the for the safety of those construction in ship construction particularly