Document rg485Zm81gEkMx6ngyEQBQD0

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT VOLUME I-GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS CHANGE 1--SEPTEMBER 27, 1973 OSHA 2077 ! INTRODUCTION This change incorporates the following revisions or additions from the Federal Register. 1. Amends 29 CFR 1910.217(fXl). (See 37 F.R. 23718, 11/8/72.) 2. Adds 29 CFR 1910.93b. (See 37 F.R. 24749, 11/21/72.) 3. Amends 29 CFR 1910.12(d). (See 37 F.R. 24880, 11/23/72.) 4. Amends 29 CFR 1910.11. (See 37 F.R. 26008, 12/7/72.) 5. Amends 29 CFR 1910.111. (See 38 F.R. 3598, 2/8/73.) 6. Amends 29 CFR 1910.116. (See 38 F.R. 3598, 2/8/73.) 7. Revokes 29 CFR 1910.141(f). (See 38 F.R. 9078, 4/10/73.) 8. Revises 29 CFR 1910.141. (See 38 F.R. 10930, 5/3/73.) 9. Amends 29 CFR 1910.177 through .181 and .243. (See 38 F.R. 14371, 6/1/73.) 10. Amends 29 CFR 1910.68(cXlXi). (See 38 F.R. 16223, 6/21/73.) 11. Amends 29 CFR 1910.217(bX2). (See 38 F.R. 16223, 6/21/73.) 12. Amends 29 CFR 1910.263(h)(2). (See 38 F.R. 16223, 6/21/73.) 13. Amends 29 CFR 1910.157 and .160. (See 38 F.R. 19030, 7/17/73.) INSTRUCTIONS 1. Substitute the attached Title page and the numbered pages in this supplement for the corresponding pages in the basic manual. 2. Enter a record of this change on page i. This coversheet may be retained as a record of the content of this change. V 15817 a October 1973 OST NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Volume I - General IndustryStandards and Interpretations Change 1 Subsequent to the cutoff date for the preparation of this change, the following change had appeared in the Federal Resigter. Date Part Change Title 9/28/73 1910.106/108 Revision Flanmable and Combustible Liquids. Supplement <2, incorporating the above changes, will be issued at a later date. v V 15818 a OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCTOBER, 1972 Chang* 1 S*pt*mbr 27, 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Pater J. Brennan, Secretary Occupational Safety and Health Administration Office of Standards 15819 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IS 773 AS FOLLOWS: Page No. Title A i thru viii 1 thru 11 12 thru 12.2 13 thru 106 107 thru 108 109 thru 122 123 thru 124.2 125 thru 317 *318 thru 318.2 319 thru 335 336 337 thru 347 348 thru 350.2 351 352 thru 375 376 377 thru 384 385 386 thru 405 406 407 thru 408 409 410 thru 414 415 thru 416.2 417 thru 420 421 thru 422.4 493 thru 432 Issue Change 1 Change 1 Original Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Deleted Change 1 Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Pago No. 433 434 thru 442 *443 thru 444.2 445 thru 484 *485 thru 486.2 487 thru 491 492 thru 492.2 493 thru 512 513 thru 614.2 *515 thru 516.2 517 thru 518 *519 thru 520 521 thru 590 *591 thru 592.2 593 thru 646 647 648 thru 664 *665 656 thru 667 668 659 thru 661 *662 663 thru 669 670 thru 671 672 thru 676 *677 678 679 thru 680 681 thru 738 laaue Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original Change 1 Original 'Indicate* pare* chanced, added, or deleted by the current chanfe. Chanfe 1 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910`Subpart B STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS PART 1910 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS SUBPART B--ADOPTION AND EXTENSION OF ESTABUS. .0 FEDERAL STANDARDS 1910.11 1910.12 1910.13 1910.14 1910.15 1910.16 1910.17 1910.18 1910.19 Scope and purpose. Construction work. Ship repairing. Shipbuilding. Shipbreaking. Longshoring. Effective dates Changes in established Federal standards. Asbestos dust. I 4 V I 11 1910-Subpirt B 1 5821 iaio.ii STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBPART B--ADOPTION AND EXTENSION OF ESTABilSHEO FEDERAL STANDARDS 1910.11--SCOPE AND PURPOSE (a) The provisions of this Subpart B adopt and extend the applicability of, established Federal standards in effect on April 28, 1971, with respect to every employer, employee, and employment covered by the Act. (b) It bears emphasis that only standards (i.e., substantive rules) relating to safety or health are adopted by any incorporations by reference of standards prescribed elsewhere in this chapter or this title. Other materials contained in the referenced parties are not adopted. Illustrations of the types of materi als which are not adopted are these. The incorporations by reference of Parts 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 in S 1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, and 1910.16 are not intended to in clude the discussion in those parts of the coverage of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act or the penalty provisions of the Act. Similarly, the incorpo ration by reference of Part 1926 in S 1910.12 is not intended to include references to inter pretative : ules having relevance to the appli cation of the Construction Safety Act, but having no relevance to the application to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. [37 F.R. 28008, December 7. 1972.] 1910.12--CONSTRUCTION WORK (a) Standards. The standards prescribed in Part 1926 of this chapter are adopte.d as occupational safety and health standards under section 6 of the Act and shall apply, according to the provi sions thereof, to every employment and place of employment of every employee engaged in construction work. Each employer shall pro tect the employment and places of employ ment of each of his employees engaged in con struction work by complying with the appro priate standards prescribed in this paragraph. (b) Definition. For purposes of this section, "construction work" means work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating. See discussion of these terms in 1926.13 of this title. (c) Construction Safety Act distinguished. This section adopts as occupational safety and health standards under section 6 of the Act the standards which are prescribed in Part 1926 of this chapter. Thus, the standards (substantive rules) published in Subpart C and the following subparts of Part 1926 of this chapter are applied. This section does not incorporate Subparts A and B of Part 1926 of this chapter. Subparts A and B have perti nence only to the application of section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Stand ards Act (the Construction Safety Act). For example, the interpretation of the term "sub contractor" in paragraph (c) of 8 1926.13 of this chapter is significant in discerning the coverage of the Construction Safety Act and duties thereunder. However, the term "sub contractor" has no significance in the applica tion of the Act, which was enacted under the Commerce Clause and which establishes duties for "employers" which are not depend ent for their application upon any contrac tual relationship with the Federal Govern ment or upon any form of Federal financial assistance. 1810.12(c) 12 Chang* 1 1 5822 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.12(d) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (d) For the purposes of this part, to the extent that it may not already be included in para 1graph (b) of this section, "construction work" includes the erection of new electric trans mission and distribution lines and equip ment, and the alteration, conversion, and improvement of the existing transmission and distribution lines and equipment. [37 F.R. 24880, November 23, 1972.) 1910.13--SHIP REPAIRING (a) Adoption and extension of established safety and health standards for ship repairing. The standards prescribed by Part 1501 of this title and in effect on April 28, 1971, are adopted as occupational safety or health standards under section 6(a) of the Act and rs Change 1 12.1 1910. 13<a) 1 5823 "7 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL safety and health 0 12.2 Change 1 e< 1 5824 OCCUPATIONAL 8APETY AND HEALTH (IS) Weather protection. The entire manlift and its driving mechanism shall be protected from the weather at all times. (c) Mechanical requirements. (1) Machine*, general. (i) Broke*. Brakes provided for stopping and holding a manlift shall be inherently self-engaging, by requiring power or force from an external source to cause disengagement.The brake shall beelectrically released, and shall be applied to the motor shaft for direct-connected units or to the input shaft for belt-driven units. The brake shall be capable of stop ping and holding the manlift when the descending side is loaded with 250 pounds on each step. [38 F.R. 16223, June 21. 1873.] (ii) Balt. (a) The belts shall be of hard-woven can vas, ruboer-coated canvas, leather, or other material meeting the strength requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this section and having a co-efficient of fric tion such that when used in conjunction with an adequate tension device it will meet the brake test specified in subdivi sion (i) of this subparagraph. (b) The width of the belt shall be not less than 12 inches for a travel not exceeding 100 feet, not less than 14 inches for a travel greater than 100 feet but not exceeding 150 feet and 16 inches for a travel exceeding 150 feet. (c) A belt that has become tom while in use on a manlift'shall not be spliced and put back in service. (2) Speed. (i) Maximum peed. No manlift designed for a speed in excess of 80 feet per minute shall be installed. (3) Platform* or (top*. China I 1 1910.68<bXlS) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (i) Minimum depth. Steps or platforms shall be not less than 12 inches nor more than 14 inches deep, measured from the belt to the edge of the step or platform. (ii) Width. The width of the step or platform shall be not less than the width of the belt to which it is attached. (iii) Distance between step*. The distance between steps shall be equally spaced and not less than 16 feet measured from the upper surface of one step to the upper surface of the next step above it. (iv) Angle ef step. The surface of the step shall make approximately a right angle with the "up" and "down" run of the belt, and shall travel in the approximate hori zontal position with the "up" and "down" run of the belt. (v) Surface*. The upper or working surfaces of the step shall be of a material having inherent nonslip characteristics (coeffi cient of friction not less than 0.5) or shall be covered completely by a nonslip tread securely fastened to it. (vi) Strength ef step supports. When subjected to a load of 400 pounds applied at the approximate center of the step, step frames, or supports and their guides shall be of adequate strength to: (a) Prevent the disengagement of any step roller. (b) Prevent any appreciable misalinement. (c) Prevent any visible deformation of the steps or its support. (vii) Prohibition ef Step* without handholds. No steps shall be provided unless there is a corresponding handhold above or below it meeting the requirements of subpara graph (4) of this paragraph. If a step is removed for repairs or permanently, the handholds immediately above and below it shall be removed before the lift is again placed in service. (4) Handholds. 1910.68(cXt) 1 5825 l10.68(cK4Xl) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (i) Locution. Handholds attached to the belt shall be provided and installed so that they are not less than 4 feet nor more than 4 feet 8 inches above the step tread. These shall be so located as to be available on the both "up" and "down" run of the belt.. (ii) Site. The grab surface of the handhold shall be not less than 414 inches in width, not less than 3 inches in depth, and shall provide 2 inches of clearance from the belt. Fastenings for handholds shall be located not less than 1 inch from the edge of the belt. (iii) Strength. The handhold shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, a load of 300 pounds applied parallel to the run of the belt. (iv) Prohibition of handhold without steps. No handhold shall be provided without a cor responding step. If a handhold is removed permanently or temporarily, the corre sponding step and handhold for the opposite direction of travel shall also be removed before the lift is again placed in service. (v)Type. All handholds shall be of the closed type. (S) Up limit stops. (i) Requirements. Two separate automatic stop devices shall be provided to cut off the power and apply the brake when a loaded step passes the upper terminal landing. One of these shall consist of a split-rail switch mechanically operated by the step roller and located not more than 6 inches above the top terminal landing. The second automatic stop device may consist of any of the following: (a) Any split-rail switch placed 6 inches above and on the side opposite the first limit switch. (b) An electronic device. (c) A switch actuated by a lever, rod, or plate, the latter to be placed on the "up" side of the head pulley so as to just clear a passing step. mo.ec)(6)(Ui) 108 (ii) Manual reset location. After the manlift has been stopped by a.stop device it shall be necessary to reset the automatic stop manually. The device shall be so located that a person resetting it shall have a clear view of both the "up" and "down" runs of the manlift. It shall not be possible to reset the device from any step or plat form. (iii) Cut-off point. The initial limit stop device shall function so that the manlift will be stopped before the loaded step has reached a point 24 inches above the top terminal landing. (iv) Electrical requirements. (a) Where such switches open the main motor circuit directly they shall be of the multipole type. (b) Where electronic devices are used they shall be so de -ned and installed that failure will i - t in shutting off the power to the di. mg motor. (c) Where flammable vapors or dusts may be present all electrical installa tions shall be in accordance with the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl-1971 (Rev. of 1968), requirements for such locations. (d) Unless of the oil-immersed type con troller contacts carrying the main motor current shall be copper to carbon or equal, except where the circuit is broken at two or more points simultane ously. (6) Emergency stop. (i) General. An emergency stop means shall be provided. (ii) location. This stop means shall be within easy reach of the ascending and descend ing runs of the belt. (iii) Operation. This stop means shall be so connected with the control lever or operating mechanism that it will cut off the power and apply the brake when pulled in the direction of travel. Cheat* 1 jj V 1 5826 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.93(iX3) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS this section shall be notified in writing of calendar days before or after the termina the exposure as soon as practicable but not tion of employment of any employee later than 5 days of the finding. The engaged in an occupation exposed to air employee shall also be timely notified of the borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a corrective action being taken. comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent (l) Medical examinations. genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology (1) General. The employer shall provide or of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func make available at his cost, medical examina- tion tests to include forced vital capacity tions relative to exposure to asbestos (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec t required by this paragraph. ond (FEV1.0). (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days following his first employment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEVt.o). (3) Annual examinations. On or before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make avail able, comprehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupa tions exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary func tion tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec ond (FEV1.0). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make available, within 30 (5) Recant examinations. No medical examina tion is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this para graph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records. (i) Maintenance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (II) Access. The contents of the records of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physicians and medical consultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physician who conducts a medical exami nation required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to occupa tional exposure to asbestos fibers. Chang* 1 'I 123 1910.93m(jXXii> 1 5827 1 mo.Mb STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 0 1910.93b--COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES; INTERPRETATION OF TERM As used in $ 19X0.93 (Table G-l), coal tar I pitch volatiles include the fused polycyclic hydrocarbons which volatilize from the distil- lation residues of coal, petroleum, wood, and other organic matter, [37 F.R. 24749, Nov.mber 21, 1972.] 1910.94--VENTILATION (a) Abrasive blasting. (1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph. (i) Abrasive. A solid substance used in an abrasive blasting operation. ) 1910.94UX1XI) 124 Change 1 v 1 5828 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS V < t Chute# 1 124.1 V 1 5829 mo.9 4UX1XU) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A continuous flow sir-line respirator constructed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect him from rebounding abrasive. (iii) Bloit cleaning barrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose vari ous surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (iv) Blast cleaning ream. A complete enclosure in which blasting operations are per formed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. (v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure. (vi) Clean air. Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (vii) Dust collector. A device or combination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation sys tem. (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A system for removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more of the following elements (a) enclosure or hood, (b) duct work, (c) dust collecting equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack. (ix) Porticolate-filtef respirator. An air purify ing respirator, commonly referred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dust or fume from the air passing through the device. (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in sizes capable of passing through the upper respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible applica tion of. an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pressure, or centrifugal force. (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blasting. (i) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting operations and the dust formed will contain particles of respirable size. The composition and toxicity of the dust from these sources shall be considered in making an evalua tion of the potential health hazards. (ii) The concentration of respirable dust or fume in the breathing zone of the abrasive-blasting operator or any other worker shall be kept below the levels specified in S 1910.93. (iii) Organic abrasives which are combusti ble shall jr' used only in automatic sys tems. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the construc tion of the equipment, including the exhaust system and all electric wiring, shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard Installa tion of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Con veying, Z33.1-1961 (NFPA 91-1961), and the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl-1971 (Rev. of 1968). The blast nozzle shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the build-up of static charges. Where flammable or explosive dust mix tures may be present, the abrasive blast ing enclosure, the ducts, and the dust col lector shall be constructed with loose panels or explosion venting areas, located on sides away from any occupied area, to provide for pressure relief in case of explo sion, following the principles set forth in the National Fire Protection Association Explosion Venting Guide. NFPA 68-1954. (3) Blatt-claaning ndosurxs. l10.94<sX3) 124.2 Chutfe I 1 5830 1 i OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH sight of the customer being served. Letters on such signs shall be not less than 4 inches high. The motors of all vehicles being fueled shall be shut off during the fueling opera tions. (13) Electrlcol. Electrical equipment and installations shall conform to paragraphs (b) (17) and (18) of this section. (14) fir* protection. Each service station shall be provided with at least one approved port able fire extinguisher having at least an 8-B, C, rating. (i) Scop*. (1) Application. (i) Paragraph (b) of this section applies to installations made in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (c), (d), (ei, (g), and (h) of this section, except as noted in each of those paragraphs. (ii) Paragraphs (c) through (h) of this sec tion apply as provided in each of those paragraphs. (2) Inapplicability. This section does not apply to: (I) Marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries, or tank farms other than those at industrial sites. (II) LP-Gas refrigerated storage systems; (ill) LP-Gas when used with oxygen. The requirements of 8 1910.252 shall apply to such use; (Iv) LP-Gas when used in utility gas plants. The National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases I910.110(hK12) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS at Utility Gas Plants, NFPA No. 69-1968. shall apply to such use; (v) Low-pressure (not in excess of one-half pound per square inch or 14 inches water column) LP-Gas piping systems, and the installation and operation of residential and commercial appliances including their inlet connections, supplied through such systems. For such systems, the National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Installation of Gas Appliances and Gas Piping, NFPA 54-1969 shall apply. (3) Retroactivity. Unless otherwise stated, it is not intended that the provisions of this section be retroactive. (I) Existing plants, appliances, equip ment, buildings, structures, and installa tions for the storage, handling or use of LP-Gas, which were in compliance with the current provisions of the National Fire Protection ' -sociation Standard for the Storage a; iandling of Liquefied Petroleum Gasc^ NFPA No. 58, at the time of manufacture or installation may be continued in use, if such continued use does not constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. (II) Stocks of equipment and appliances on hand in such locations as manufacturers' storage, distribution warehouses, and dealers' storage and showrooms, which were in compliance with the current pro visions of the National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases, NFPA No. 58, at the time of manufacture, may be placed in service, if such use does not constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. 1910.111--STORAGE AND HANDLING OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (a) General. (1) Scape. 317 lsio.muHi) 1 5831 mo.muHiMt) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH I (i) This standard is intended to apply to the design, construction, location, instal lation, and operation of anhydrous ammonia systems including refrigerated ammonia storage systems. (ii) This standard does not apply to: (a) Ammonia manufacturing plants. (b) Refrigeration plants where ammonia is used solely as a refrigerant. (2) Definitions. As used in this section. (ix) "Gas"--Anhydrous ammonia in either the gaseous or liguefied state. (x) "Gas mask"--Gas masks approved by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. (xi) "Capacity"--Total volume of the con tainer in standard U.S. gallons. (xii) DOT specifications--Regulations of the Department of Transportation pub lished in 49 CFR Chapter I. (xiii) "DOT regulations"--See 1910.lll(aX2Xxii). (i) "Appurtenances"--All devices such as |pumps, compressors, safety relief de vices, liquid-level gaging devices, valves and pressure gages. (xlv) "DOT requirements"--See 5 1910.lll(aX2Xxii). (b) Basic rules. [38 F.R. 3598. Februxry 8, 1973.) (ii) "Cylinder"--A container of 1,000 pounds of water capacity or less constructed in accordance with Depart ment of Transportation specifications. (iii) "Code"--The Boiler and Pressure Ves sel Code, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME>--1968. (iv) "Container"--Includes all vessels, tanks, cylinders, or spheres used for transportation, storage, or application of anhydrous ammonia. (v) "DOT"--U.S. Department of Transpor tation. This paragraph applies to all paragraphs of this section unless otherwise noted. (I) Approval of equipment and systems. Each appurtenance shall be approved in accord ance with paragraph (b) (1) (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section. (I) It was installed before February 8, 1973, and was approved, tested, and in stalled in accordance with either the pro visions of the American National Standard for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia, K61.1, or the Fertilizer Institute Standards for the Storage and Handling of Agricultural Anhydrous Ammonia, M-l, in effect at the time of installation; or (vi) "Design pressure" is identical to the term "Maximum Allowable Working Pressure" used in the Code. (vil) "Farm vehicle" (implement of husbandry)--A vehicle for use on a farm on which is mounted a container of not over 1,200 gallons water capacity. (viii) "Filling density"--the percent ratio of the weight of the gas in a container to the weight of water at 60" F. that the container will hold. (II) It is accepted, or certified, or listed, or labeled, or otherwise determined to be safe by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, such as, but not limited to, Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. and Factory Mutual Research Corporation; or (IH) It is a type which no nationally recognized testing laboratory does, or will undertake to, accept, certify, list, label, or determine to be safe; and such equipment is inspected or tested by any U10.1U(bXlXIH> 318 Change 1 1 5832 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Federal, State, municipal, or other local authority responsible for enforcing occu pational safety provisions of a Federal, State, municipal or other local law, code, or regulation pertaining to the storage, handling, transport, and use of anhy drous ammonia, and found to be in com pliance with either the provisions of the American National Standard for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Am monia, K61.1, or the Fertilizer Institute Standards for the Storage and Handling of Agricultural Anhydrous Ammonia, M1, in effect at the time of installation; or (iv) It is a custom-designed and custombuilt unit, which no nationally recog nized testing laboratory, or Federal, State, municipal or local authority re sponsible for the enforcement of a Fed eral, State, municipal, or local law, code or regulation pertaining to the storage, transportation and use of anhydrous ammonia is willing to undertake to ac cept, certify, list, label or determine to be safe, and the employer has on file a document attesting to its safe condition following the conduct of appropriate tests. The document shall be signed by a registered professional engineer or other person having special training or experi ence sufficient to permit him to form an opinion as to safety of the unit involved. The document shall set forth the test bases, test data and results, and also the qualifications of the certifying person. (v) For the purposes of this paragraph (bXl). the word "listed" means that equipment is of a kind mentioned in a list which is published by a nationally recognized laboratory which makes peri odic inspection of the production of such equipment, and states such equipment 1910.111(bXlXiii) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner. "Labeled" means there is attached to it a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory which, makes periodic inspections of the pro duction of such equipment, and whose labeling indicates compliance with na tionally recognized standards or tests to determine safe use in a specified man ner. "Certified" means it has been tested and found by a nationally recognized testing laboratory to meet nationally rec ognized standards or to be safe for use in a specified manner, or is of a kind whose production is periodically in spected by a nationally recognized test ing laboratory, and it bears a label, tag, or other record of certification. (38 F.R. 3398, February 8.1973.1 , (2) Requirements for construction, original tost and roqnotification of nonrefrigeratod containers. (i) Containers used with systems covered in paragraphs (c), (0, (g), and (h) of this section shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the Code except that construction under Table UWI2 at a basic joint efficiency of under 80 percent is not authorized. (ii) Containers built according to the Code do not have to comply with Paragraphs UG125 to UG128 inclusive, and Para graphs UG132 and UG133 of the Code. (iii) Containers exceeding 36 inches in diameter or 250 gallons water capacity shall be constructed to comply with one or more of the following: Change 1 319.1 1910.111(bX2Xiil) 1 5833 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 318.2 Change l 1 5834 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.113 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.113 [RESERVED] 1910.114---EFFECTIVE DATES O (a) The provisions of this Subpart H shall become effective on August 27, 1971, except as provided in the remaining paragraphs of this section. (b) The following provisions shall become effective on February 15, 1972: 1910.101(b). 1910.102. 8 1910.103 (a)(2), (b)(l)(i),(b)(lXiii),(b)(2)(ii), and (b)(3). 8 1910.105. 1910.106 (bXl), (bX2). (b)(3). and (bX4). $ 1910.106 (b)(5), (c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(3), (c)(4), (cX5), (cX6), (dX2), <dX3Xii), <dX4Xi), (dX4Xiii), (dX4Xiv), <dX5Xv), (d)(5XviXa), (eX3Xiii), (e)(3)(v), (e)(4), (eX7), (fX2Xiii). (fX3)(i), (fX4)(iii), (fX4)(iv), (fX4Xviii), (fX5), (g), (h), and (i). 1910.107 (b)(1), (b)(2), (bX3), <bX4). (bX5)(i), (b)(5)(iii), (b)(5Xiv), (bX6), (b)(7), (b)(8), (bX10), (c)( 1), (cX4), (cX5), (c)(6), (cX7), (d), (eX7), (e)(8), (f)(l).(f)(2),(h),(i),(j),(l)(2),(l)(3),(l)(5),(l)(6), (1X7), and (mXl). $ 1910.108 (b), (c), (eXl), <gX2). (gX3), (gX4). and (gX5). 5 1910.108 (gX6) and (h). 8 1910.110. 8 1910.111. (c) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (a), (b), or (d) of this section, any provision in any other section of this subpart which con tains in itself a specific effective date or time limitation shall become effective on such date or shall apply in accordance with such limitation. (d) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (a), or (b) of this section, if any standard in 41 CFR Part 50-204, other than a national con sensus standard incorporated by reference in 8 50-204.2(aXl), is or becomes applicable at any time to' any employment and place of employment, by virtue of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, or the Service Contract Act of 1965, or the National Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act of 1965, any corre sponding established Federal standard in this Subpart H which is derived from 41 CFR Part 50-204 shall also become effective, and shall be applicable to such employment and place of employment, on the same date. I Sec. 1910.101 191".H*2 1910.103 1910.115--SOURCES OF STANDARDS Sourct 41 CFR 50-204.67, 70, and 71. 41 CFR 50-204.66. NFPA No. 50B-1968, Standard for Liquified Hydrogen Systems at Con* sumer Sites. NFPA No. 5G6-196o. Standard for the Installation of Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites. NFPA No. 30-1969, Flammable and 1910.107 1910.108 1910.109 335 Combustible Liquids Code. NFPA No. 33-1969. Standard for Spray Finishing using Flammable and Combustible Materials. NFPA No. 34-1966. Standard for Dip Tanks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquids. NFPA No. 492-1970, Code for Manu facture. Transportation. Storage and Use of Explosives and Blasting 1910.115 1 5835 1910.11ft STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Aganta. 1910.110.......... NFPA 58-09, Stndrd for the Han dling of LiquiAed Petroleum Cans. 1910.111 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ANSI K61.1-1966, Storage and Han dling of Anhydroui Ammonia. 1910.116--STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, MA 02110. National Plant Food Institute, 1700 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20006. Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc., United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. American Petroleum Institute. 1801 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20006. National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel, Inspectors, 1155 North High Street, Columbus, OH 43201. American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), 207 East Ohio Street, Chicago, IL 60611. Fertilizer Instit 1015 18th Street N.W.J Washington, DC 2l^o6 1 [38 F.R. 3598, February 8, 1973.1 1910.116 336 Change 1 1 5836 OCCUPATIONAL SATETY AND HEALTH 1910-Subpsrt J STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS PART 1910 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS SUBPART J--GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS 1910.142 1910.143 1910.144 1910.145 1910.146 1910.147 1910.148 Sanitation. Temporary labor camps. Nonwater carriage disposal systems. Safety color code for marking physical hazards. Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags. [Reserved] Sources of standards. Standards organizations. 9 347 19l0*Subprt J 1 5837 1910.141 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBPART J--GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS 1910.141--SANITATION (a) General. (1) Seep*.--This section applies to perma nent places of employment. (2) Definition* applicable to this tection. (i) "Lavatory" means a basin or similar vessel used exclusively for washing of the hands, arms, faces, and head. (ii) "Nonwater carriage toilet facility," means a toilet facility not connected to a sewer. (ili)"Number of employees" means, unless otherwise specified, the maximum num ber of employees present at any one time on a regular shift. (iv) "Personal service room," means a room used for activities not directly con nected with the production or service function performed by the establishment. Such activities include, but are not lim ited to, first-aid, medical services, dress ing, showering, toilet use, washing, and eating. (v) "Potable water" means water which meets the quality standards prescribed in the U.S. Public Health Service Drink ing Water Standards, published in 42 CFR part 72, or water which is approved for drinking purposes by the State or local authority having jurisdiction. ceeds the applicable limit established by a standard, such as 5 1910.93 and 1910.93a or, in the absence of an applica ble standard, which is of such toxicity so as to constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm. (lx) "Urinal" means a toilet facility main tained within a toilet room for the sole purpose of urination. (x) "Water closet" means a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of both defecation and urination and which is flushed with water.1 (xi) "Wet process" means any process or operation in a workroom which normally results in surfaces upon which employ ees may walk or stand becoming wet. (3) Housekeeping. (I) All places of employment shall be kept clean to the extent that the nature of the work allows. (ii) The floor of every workroom shall be maintained, so far as practicable, in a dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places shall be provided, where practicable, or appropriate waterproof footgear shall be provided. (vl) "Toilet facility," means a fixture maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of defecation or urination, or both. (iii) To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splin ters, loose boards, and unnecessary holes and openings. (vll) "Toilet room," means a room main tained within or on the premises of any (4) Waste disposal. place of employment, containing toilet facilities for use by employees. (i) Any receptacle used for putrescible solid or liquid waste or refuse shall be so (viii) "Toxic material" means a material in concentration or amount which ex- constructed that it does not leak and may be thoroughly cleaned and main- 1910.14 l(K4Xi) 348 Change 1 I OCCUPAtlONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.141UX4XI) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS tained In a sanitary condition. Such a iced so that sanitary conditions are I receptacle shall be equipped with a solid maintained, shall be capable of being tight-fitting cover, unless it can be main closed, and shall be equipped with a tap. tained in a sanitary condition without a cover, 'this requirement does not pro hibit the use of receptacles which are designed to permit the maintenance of a (iv) Ice in contact with drinking water shall be made of potable water and main tained in a sanitary condition. sanitary condition without regard to the aforementioned requirements. (v) Open containers such as barrels, pails, or tanks for drinking water from (li) All sweepings, solid or liquid wastes, which the water must be dipped or refuse, and garbage shall be removed in poured, whether or not they are fitted \ such a manner as to avoid creating a with a cover, are prohibited. menace to health and as often as neces sary or appropriate to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condi (vl) A common drinking cup and other common utensils are prohibited. tion. (vii) Where single service cups (to be used I (S) Vermin control. Every enclosed work but once) are supplied, both a sanitary place shall be so constructed, equipped, and container for the unused cups and a maintained, so far as reasonably practica receptacle for disposing of the used cups ble, as to prevent the entrance or harborage shall be provided. of rodents, insects, and other vermin. A continuing and effective extermination (3) Nonpotable watar. program shall be instituted where their presence is detected. (b) Water supply. (1) Potable water. (I) Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for industrial or firefighting pur poses, shall be posted or otherwise marked in a manner that will indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing of (i) Potable water shall be provided in all places of employment, for drinking, washing of the person, cooking, washing of foods, washing of cooking or eating utensils, washing of food preparation or the person, cooking, washing of food, washing of cooking or eating utensils, washing of food preparation or process ing premises, or personal service rooms, or for washing clothes. processing premises, and personal serv ice rooms. (ii) Construction of nonpotable water sys (ii) Drinking fountain surfaces which be come wet during fountain operation shall be constructed of materials imper vious to water and not subject to oxida tion. The nozzle of the fountain shall be at an angle and so located to prevent the return of water in the jet or bowl to the nozzle orifice. A guard shall be provided over the nozzle to prevent contact with the nozzle by the mouth or nose of per sons using the drinking fountain. The drain from the bowl of the fountain shall not have a direct physical connection with a waste pipe, unless it is trapped. tems or systems carrying any other non potable substance shall be such as to prevent backflow or backsiphonage into a potable water system. (Hi) Nonpotable water shall not be used for washing any portion of the person, cooking or eating utensils, or clothing. Nonpotable water may be used for clean ing work premises, other than food proc essing and preparation premises and personal service rooms: Provided, That this nonpotable water does not contain concentrations of chemicals, fecal con form, or other substances which could (ill) Portable drinking water dispensers shall be designed, constructed, and serv- create insanitary conditions or be harm ful to employees. CKuic I 1910.141(cH2Xiii) 1 5839 1910.141(e) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEAL! (c) ToiUt facilities. toilet facilities required. (1) General. (i) Except as otherwise indicated in this subdivision (i), toilet facilities, in toilet rooms separate for each sex, shall be provided in all places of employment in accordance with table J-l of this section. The number of facilities to be provided for each sex shall be based on the number of employees of that sex for whom the facilities are furnished. Where toilet rooms will be occupied by no more than one person at a time, can be locked from the inside, and contain at least one water closet, separate toilet rooms for each sex need not be provided. Where such singleoccupancy rooms have more than one toilet facility, only one such facility in each toilet room shall be counted for the purpose of table J-l. Table J-l Number of employees: Minimum number of water cloaeto 1 1 to 15_______________ 1. 16 to 35............... -..................... 2. 36 to 56.............-.............. ......... 3. 56 to 80........................................ 4. 81 to 110......................... -......... 5. Ill to 150..................... 6. Over 150 ....................... -........... 1 additional fixture for each additional 40 employees. 1 Where toilet facilities will not be used by women, unnals may be provided instead of water closets, except that the number of water closets in such cases shall not be reduced to less than */a of the minimum specified. (ii) The requirements of subdivision (i) of this subparagraph do not apply to mobile crews or to normally unattended work locations so long as employees working at these locations have transportation immediately available to nearby toilet facilities which meet the other require ments of this subparagraph. (v) Toilet paper with holder shall be pr vided for every water closet. (vi) Covered receptacles shall be kept i all toilet rooms used by women. (vii) For each three required toilet facil ties at least one lavatory shall be locate either in the toilet room or adjacer thereto. Where only one or two toilet fi cilities are provided at least one lavator so located shall be provided. (2) Construction of ollof rooms. (i) Each water closet shall occupy a sept rate compartment with a door and wall or partitions between fixtures suffi ciently high to assure privacy. (ii) In all toilet rooms installed on o after August 31, 1971, the floor and side walls, including the angle formed by th floor and sidewalls, and excluding dooi ways and entrances, shall be watertight The sidewalls shall be watertight to i height of at least 5 inches. (ill) The floors, walls, ceilings, partitions and doors of all toilet rooms shall be of i finish that can be easily cleaned. In in stallations made on or after August 31 1971, cove bases shall be provided ti facilitate cleaning. (3) Construction and installation of toilat facili ties. (i) Every water carriage toilet facility shall be set entirely free and open froir all enclosing structures and shall be sc installed that the space around the facil ity can be e'asily cleaned. This provision does not prohibit the use of wall-hungtype water closets or urinals. (ill) The sewage disposal method shall not endanger the health of employees. (iv) When persons other than employees are permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premise, the number of such facil ities shall be appropriately increased in accordance with table J-l of this section in determining the minimum number of 1910.l4l(cX3Xiii> 350 (ii) Every water closet shall have a hinged seat made of substantial material having a nonabsorbent finish. Seats installed or replaced after June 4, 1973, shall be of the open-front type. (ill) Nonwater carriage toilet facilities and disposal systems shall be in accord ance with 1910.143. Change 1 1 5840 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.141 d) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (d) Washing facilities. (I) General. Washington facilities shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. (2) lavatories. (i) Lavatories shall be made available in all places of employment in accordance with the requirements for lavatories as set forth in table J-2 of this section. In a multiple-use lavatory, 24 lineal inches of wash sink or 20 inches of a circular basin, when provided with water outlets for each space, shall be considered equiv alent to one lavatory. The requirements of this subdivisioa do not apply to mo bile crews or to normally unattended work locations if employees working at these locations have transportation read ily available to nearby washing facili ties which meet the other requirements of this paragraph. Table J-2 Number of Minimum number Type of employment employees of lavatories Nonindustrial--office buildings, public buildings, and similar establish* ments. Industrial--factories, warehouses, loft buildings, and similar establish ments. 1-15........... 1. 16-35 ......... 2. 36-50_____ 3. 61-90 ......... 4. 91-125 ____ 5. Over 125 .. 1 additional fixture for each addi tional 45 cmployees. 1-100 ____ 1 fixture for each 10 employees. Over 100 -- 1 fixture for each additional 15 employees. (ii) Each lavatory shall be provided with hot and cold running water, or tepid running water. not less than 90 F. and shall have means to automatically prevent the discharge of air exceeding 140 F. (vii) Electrical components of warm air blowers shall meet the requirements of Subpart S of this part. (3) Showers. (i) Whenever showers are required by a particular standard, the showers shall be provided in accordance with subdivi sions (ii) through (v) of this subpara graph. (II) One shower shall be provided for each 10 employees of each sex, or numerical fraction thereof, who are required to shower during the same shift. (HI) Body soap or other appropriate cleansing agents convenient to the showers shall be provid , ,s specified in par agraph (dX2Kiii) of i section. (iv) Showers shall be provided with hot and cold water feeding a common dis charge line. (v) Employees who use showers shall be provided with individual clean towels. (a) Chong* rooms. Whenever employees are required by a par ticular standard to wear protective clothing because of the possibility of contamination with toxic materials, change rooms equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for the protective clothing shall be provided. (Hi) Hand soap or similar cleansing (f) Clothes drying facilities. agents shall be provided. Where working clothes are provided by the (iv) Individual hand towels or sections thereof, of cloth or paper, warm air blow ers or clean individual sections of con employer and become wet or are washed be tween shifts, provision shall be made to in-, sure that such clothing, is dry before reuse. tinuous cloth toweling, convenient to the lavatories, shall be provided. (g) Consumption of food and beverages on the premises. (v) Receptacles shall be provided for dis posal of used towels. (1) Application. This paragraph shall apply only where employees are permitted to con (vi) Warm air blowers shall provide air at sume food or beverages, or both, on the Change 1 350.1 1910.141(gXl) ! j , ' I j j 1 5841 1910.141(fX2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTf premises. (3) toting and drinking area*. No employee shell be allowed to consume food or bever ages in a toilet room nor in any area exposed to a toxic material. (3) Waste disposal containers. Receptacles constructed of smooth, corrosion resistant, easily cleanable, or disposable materials, shall be provided and used for the disposal of waste food. The number, size, and loca tion of such receptacles shall encourage their use and not result in overfilling. They shall be emptied not less frequently than once each working day, unless unused, and shall be maintained in a clean and sani tary condition. Receptacles shall be pro. vided with a solid tight-fitting cover unless sanitary conditions can be maintained without use of a cover. (4) Sanitary itoraga. No food or beverages shall be stored in toilet rooms or in an area exposed to a toxic material. (h) Food handling. All employee food service facilities and op erations shall be carried out in accordance with sound hygienic principles. In all places of employment where all or part of the food service is provided, the food dispensed shall be wholesome, free from spoilage, and shall be processed, prepared, handled, and stored in such a manner as to be protected against contamination. [38 F.R. 10830. May 3, 1973.1 1910.141(h) 350.2 Change 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAP1TY AND H1ALTH m.i STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.142--TEMPORARY LABOR CAMPS <) Sit*. (1) All sites used for camps shall be adequately drained. They shall not be sub ject to periodic flooding, nor located within 200 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes, or other surface collections of water unless such quiescent water sufaces can be sub jected to mosquito control measures. Tjie camp shall be located so the drainage from' and through the camp will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites shall be graded, ditched, and rendered free from depressions in which water may become a nuisance. Chang* 1 351 1910.142UX1) 1 5843 1910.143(X3) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDAKD8 AND INTERPRETATIONS (3) All sits shall be adequate in size to pre vent overcrowding of necessary structures. The principal camp area in which food is prepared and served and where sleeping quarters are located shall be at least 500 feet from any area in which livestock is kept. (3) The grounds and open areas surrounding the shelters shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition free from rubbish, debris, waste paper, garbage, or other refuse. (4) Whenever the camp is closed for the sea son or permanently, all garbage, manure, and other refuse shall be collected'and so disposed of as to prevent nuisance. All aban doned privy pits shall be filled with earth and the grounds and buildings left in a clean and sanitary condition. If privy buildings remain, they shall be locked or otherwise secured to prevent entrance- (b) Shelter. (1) Every shelter in the camp shall be con structed in a manner which will provide pro tection against the elements. (3) Each room used for sleeping purposes shall contain at least 50 square feet of floor space for each occupant. At least a 7-foot ceiling shall be provided. (3) Beds, cots, or bunks, and suitable storage facilities such as wall lockers for clothing and personal articles shall be provided in every room used for sleeping purposes. Such beds or similar facilities shall be spaced not closer than 36 inches both laterally and end to end, and shall be elevated at least 12 inches from the floor. If double-deck bunks are used, they shall be spaced not less than 48 inches both laterally and end to end. The minimum clear space between the lower and upper bunk shall be not less than 27 inches. Triple-deck bunks are prohibited. (4) The floors of each shelter shall be con structed of wood, asphalt, or concrete. Wooden floors shall be of smooth and tight construction. The floors shall be kept in good repair. (5) All wooden floors shall be elevated not less than 1 foot above the ground level at all points to prevent dampness and to per mit free circulation of air beneath. (6) Nothingin this section shall be construed to prohibit "banking" with earth or other suitable material around the outside walls in areas subject to extreme low tempera tures. (7) All living quarters shall be provided with windows the total of which shall be not less than one-tenth of the floor area. At least one-half of each window shall be so con structed that it can be opened for purposes of ventilation. () All exterior openings shall be effectively screened with 16-mesh material. All screen doors shall be equipped with self-closing devices. (9) In a room where workers cook, live, and sleep a minimum of 100 square feet per per son shall be provided. Sanitary facilities shall be provided for storing and preparing food. (10) In camps where cooking facilities are used in common, stoves (in ratio of one stove to 10 persons or one stove to two families) shall be provided in an enclosed and screened shelter. Sanitary facilities shall be provided for storing and preparing food. (11) All heating, cooking, and water heating equipment shall be installed in accordance with State and local ordinances, codes, and regulations governing such installations. If a camp is used during cold weather, adequate heating equipment shall be pro vided. (e) Wotar supply. (1) An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority, shall be provided in each camp for drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundry purposes. (2) A water supply shall be deemed adequate if it is capable of delivering 35 gallons per 1910.142(cM3) 352 1 5844 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910,15<j) STANDABM AND INTERPRETATIONS any flow of water from a sprinkler system equal to or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler will result in an audible alarm signal on the premises. (k) Class of service--standpipe systems: "Standpipe systems" are grouped into three general classes of service for the intended use in the extinguishment of fire. (1) Class I: For use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams (214-inch hose). (2) Class II: For use primarily by the build ing occupants until the arrival of the fire department (small hose). (3) Class III: For use by either fire depart ments and those trained in handling heavy hose streams or by the building occupants. (l) Class I service: "Class I service" is a stand pipe system capable of furnishing the effective fire streams required during the more advanced stages of fire on the inside of build ings or for exposure fire. (m) Class II service: "Class II service" is a standpipe system which affords a ready means for the control of incipient fires by the occupants of buildings during working hours and by watchmen and those present during the night time and holidays. (n) Class III service: "Class III service" is a standpipe system capable of furnishing the effective fire streams required during the more advanced stages of fire on the inside of buildings as well as providing a ready means for the control of fires by the occupants of the building. (e) Standpipe systems: "Standpipe systems" are usually of the following types: (1) A wet standpipe system having a supply valve open and water pressure maintained at all times. (2) A standpipe system so arranged through the use of approved devices as to admit water to the system automatically by open ing a hose valve. (3) A standpipe system arranged to admit water to the system through manual opera tion of approved remote control devices located at each hose station. (4) Dry standpipe having no permanent water supply. See also paragraph (k) of this section. (p) Type I storage: "Type I storage" is that in which combustible commodities or noncom bustible commodities involving combustible packaging or storage aids are stored over 15 feet but not more than 21 feet high in solid piles or over 12 feet but not more than 21 feet high in piles that contain horizontal channels. Minor quantities of commodities of hazard greater than ordinary combustibles may be included without affecting this general clas sification. (q) Type II storage: "Type II storage" it that in which combustible commodities or noncom bustible commodities involving combustible packaging or storage aids are stored not over 15 feet high in solid piles or not over 12 feet high in piles that contain horizontal channels. Minor quantities of commodities of hazard greater than ordinary combustibles may be included without affecting this general clas sification. (r) Type III storage: "Type III storage" is that in which the stored commodities, packaging, and storage aids are noncombustible or con tain only a small concentration of combusti bles which are incapable of producing a fire that would cause appreciable damage to the commodities stored or to noncombustible wall, floor or roof construction. Ordinary combusti ble commodities ir. completely sealed noncom bustible containers may qualify in this clas sification. General commodity storage that is subject to frequent changing and storage of combustible packaging and storage aids is excluded from this category. (t) "Approved": "Approved" means listed or approved by: (1) At least one of the following nationally recognized testing laboratories: Factory Mutual Engineering Corp.; Under writers' Laboratories, Inc., or (2) Federal agencies such as Bureau of Mines, Departmentof the Interior: Department ofTransportation; or U.S. Coast Guard, which issue approvals for such equipment. 375 19I0.1S6(i) 1 5845 1 1910.157UK1) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PORTABLE FIRE SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT 1910.157--PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (a) General requirements. (1) Operable condition. Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition, and kept in their desig nated places at all times when they are not being used. (2) Location. Extinguishers shall be conspicu ously located where they will be readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. They shall be located along normal paths of travel. (3) Marking of location. Extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In large rooms, and in certain locations where visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the location and intended use of ex tinguishers conspicuously. (4) Marking of extinguished. If extinguishers intended for different classes of fire are grouped, their intended use shall be marked conspicuously to insure choice of the proper extinguisher at the time of a fire. (S) Mounting of extinguisher*. Extinguishers shall be installed on the hangers or in the brackets supplied, mounted in cabinets, or set on shelves unless the extinguishers are of the wheeled tvoe. () Height ef mounting. Extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds shall be installed so that the top of the ex tinguisher is not more than 5 feet above the floor. Extinguishers having a gross weight greater than 40 pounds (except wheeled types) shall be so installed that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3L4 feet above the floor. (7) Cabinet mounting. Extinguisher mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or set on shelves shall be placed in a manner such that the extinguisher operating instructions face outward. The location of such extinguishers shall be marked conspicuously. () Vibrating locations. Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to severe vibration shall be installed in brack ets specifically designed to cope with this vibration. (9) Temperature range. Extinguishers shall be suitable for use within a temperature range of at least plus 40* to 120* Fahrenheit. (10) Ixtreme temp-jture exposure. When ex tinguishers are ailed in locations sub jected to tempei-.ures outside the range prescribed in this subparagraph, they shall be of a type approved or listed for the temperature to which they will be exposed, or placed in an enclosure capable of main taining the temperature within the range prescribed in this subparagraph. (b) Selection of extinguishers. (1) Oonorol. The selection of extinguishers for a given situation will depend upon the character of the fires anticipated, the con struction and occupancy of the individual property, the vehicle or hazard to be pro tected, ambient-temperature conditions, and other factors. The number of extin guishers required shall be determined by reference to paragraph (c) of this section. Approved fire extinguishers shall be used to meet the requirements ofthis section. 148 F.R. 19030. July 17,1973.1 (2) Selection by hazard. (1) Extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class or classes of hazards to be protected in accordance with the follow ing paragraphs. (ii) Extinguishers for protecting Class A hazards shall be selected from among the 1910.157(bX2XU) 376 Change 1 1 5846 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.160UM1) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.160--FIXED DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (a) General requirements. (1) Design. When dry chemical extinguishing systems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard For Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems" NFPA No. 17-1969 and the requirements of this section. (2) Safety requirements. Where there is a possi bility that personnel may be exposed to a dry chemical discharge, suitable safeguards shall be provided to insure prompt evacua tion of such locations, and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped per sonnel. (b) Alarms and indicators. (1) General. Alarms and/or indicators are 1used to indicate the operation of the sys tem, hazard to personnel, or failure of any supervised device or equipment. The de vices may be audible or visual. The type, number, and location of the devices shall be such that their purpose is satisfactorily accomplished. |:)8 F.R. 19030. July 17. 1973.1 (2) Operation alarm. (i) An alarm or indicator shall be provided to show that the system has operated, that personnel response may be needed, and that the system should be charged. (ii) Alarms indicating failure of super vised devices or equipment shall give prompt and positive indication of any failure and shall be distinctive from alarms indicating operation or hazardous conditions. (c) Inspection and maintenance. (1) Inspection and tests. (i) At least annually, all dry chemical sys tems including alarms, shutdowns, and Chsnfe 1 other associated equipment, shall be thoroughly inspected and checked for proper operation by a competent inspec tor. (ii) The purpose of the inspection and test ing prescribed by paragraph (c) of this sec tion shall be not only to insure that the system is in full operating condition but also to indicate the probable continuance of that condition until the next inspec tion. Attention at this inspection shall be given to any extension of the hazard pro tected by the system. (Hi) The inspector's report, with recom mendations, if any, shall be filed with the employer oi with whomever is designated by the employer. (iv) Between the regular annual inspec tion or tests, the system shall be in-' spected visually or otherwise by competent personnel, following a prede termined schedule. [38 F.R. 19030. July 17. 1973.1 (v) At least semiannually, all expellant gas containers shall be checked by pres sure or weight against the required minimums. (vl) At least semiannually, all stored pres sure dry chemical containers shall be checked by pressure and weight against the required minimums. (vii) Except for stored pressure systems, at least annually the dry chemical in the system storage container shall be sam pled from the top center and also near the wall to determine the existence of lumps harder than will be friable when dropped from a height of 4 inches. (2) Maintenance. (i) These fixed dry chemical systems shall 1910.160(c)(2)(i) 1 5847 1 1910.16<XcMiXI) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS b maintained in full operating condition at all times. Use, impairment, and resto ration of this protection shall he reported promptly to the employer. (N) Any troubles or impairments shall be corrected at once by competent per sonnel. 1910.161--CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (a) General requirements. (1) Design. When carbon dioxide extinguish ing systems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems" NFPA No. 12-1968 and the requirements of this section. (2) Safety requirements. In any use of carbon dioxide where there is a possibility that employees may be trapped in, or enter into atmospheres made hazardous by a carbon dioxide discharge, suitable safeguards shall be provided to insure prompt evacuation of and to prevent entry into such atmospheres and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel. Such safety items as personnel training, warning signs, dis charge alarms, predischarge alarms, and breathing apparatus shall be considered. (b) Inspection and maintenance. (1) Inspection and tests. (I) At least annually, all carbon dioxide systems shall be thoroughly inspected and tested for proper operation by a competent engineer or inspector. (H)The goal of this inspection and testing shall be not only to insure that the system is in full operating condition but shall indicate tne probable continuance of that condition until the next inspection. (Hi) Suitable discharge tests shall be made when any inspection indicates their advisability. (Iv) Between the regular service contract inspection or tests, the system shall be inspected visually or otherwise by compe tent personnel, following a schedule. (v) At least semiannually, alllhigh pres sure cylinders shall be weighed. If, at any time, a container shows a loss in net con tent of more than 10 percent, it shall be refilled or replaced. (vl) If, at any time, a low pressure con tainer shows a loss of more than 10 per cent, it shall be refilled, unless the minimum gas requirements are still pro vided. (2) Maintenance. (i) These carbon dioxide systems shall be maintained in full operating condition at all times. (ii) Any troubles or impairments shall be corrected at once by competent per sonnel. 1910.162--OTHER SPECIAL FIXED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. [RESERVED] i9io. 161 ' 3B6 1 1 5848 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH \ 1910-Subpart N STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1 I l PART 1910 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS \ SUBPART N--MATERIALS HANDUNO AND STORAGE 1910.176 1910.177 1910.178 1910.179 1910.180 1910.181 1910.182 1910.183 1910.184 Handling materials--general. Indoor general storage. Powered industrial trucks. Overhead and gantry cranes. Crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes. Derricks. Additional delay in effective date. Sources of standards. Standards organizations. 405 1910-Subpirt N 1 1 5849 1910.176(a) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBPART N--MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE 1910.176--HANDLING MATERIALS--GENERAL (a) Um of mochanical equipment. Where mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and wherever turns or passage must be made. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. Permanent aisles and pas sageways shall be appropriately marked. (b) Secure storage. Storage of material shall not create a hazard. Bags, containers, bundles, etc., stored in tiers shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked and limited in height so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse. (c) Housekeeping. Storage areas shall be kept free from accumulation of materials that constitute hazards from tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control will be exer cised when necessary. (d) Drainage. Proper drainage shall be provided. (e) Clearance limits. Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided. (f) Rolling railroad cart. Derail and/or bumper blocks shall be pro vided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars being worked, enter a building, work or traffic area. (g) Guarding. Covers and/or guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. 1910.177--INDOOR GENERAL STORAGE 1910.177 RIVOKEu [38 F.R. 14371. June 1. 1973.) Pages 407 and 408 deleted 1910.177 406 Change 1 1 1 5850 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.178 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.178--POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS (a) General requirement*. (1) This section contains safety require (4) Modifications and additions which affect ments relating to fire protection, design, capacity and safe operation shall ndt be per maintenance, and use of fork trucks, trac formed by the customer or user-without tors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand manufacturers p>-'or written approval. trucks, and other specialized industrial Capacity, opera and maintenance 1trucks powered by electric motors or inter nal combustion engines. This section does not apply to compressed air or nonflamma ble compressed gas-operated industrial trucks, nor to farm vehicles, nor to vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling. (38iF.R. 14371, June 1, 1973.]' (2) All new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer after the effective date specified in paragraph (b) of instruction plates ' -igs, or decals shall be changed accordingly. (5) If the truck is equipped with front-end attachments other than factory installed attachments, the user shall request that the truck be marked to identify the attach ments and show the approximate weight of the truck and attachment combination at maximum elevation with load laterally cen tered. 1910.182 shall meet the design and con struction requirements for powered indus trial trucks established in the "American National Standard for Powered Industrial (6) The user shall see that all nameplates and markings are in place and are main tained in a legible condition. Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969", except for vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling. (7) As used in this section, the term, "ap proved truck" or "approved industrial truck" means a truck that is listed or ap (3) Approved trucks shall bear a label or some other identifying mark indicating approval by the testing laboratory. See subparagraph (7) of this paragraph and para graph 405 of "American National Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969", which is incorporatedby proved for fire safety purposes for the in tended use by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, e.g., U nderwriters' Labo ratories, Inc.; Factory Mutual Engineer ing Corp., using nationally recognized testing standards. [38 F.R. 14371, June 1. 1973.] reference in subparagraph (2) of this para (b) Designations. graph and which provides that if the pow ered industrial truck is accepted by a nationally recognized testing laboratory it should be so marked. For the purpose of this standard there are eleven different designations of industrial Chins* I ^ 4Q9 1910.178(b) 1 5851 1110.17Mb) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS trucks or tractors as follows: D, DS, DY, E, ES, EE, EX, G, GS, LP, and LPS. ered units having minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. (1) The D designated units are units similar to the G units except that they are diesel engine powered instead of gasoline engine powered. (3) The DS designated units are diesel pow ered units that are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electri cal systems. They may be used in some loca tions where a D unit may not be considered suitable. (3) The DY designated units are diesel pow ered units that have all the safeguards of the DS units and in addition do not have any electrical equipment including the igni tion and are equipped with temperature limitation features. (4) The E designated units are electrically powered units that have minimum accept able safeguards against inherent fire hazards. (5) The ES designated units are electrically powered units that, in addition to all of the requirements for the E units, are provided with additional safeguards to the electrical system to prevent emission of hazardous sparks and to limit surface temperatures. They may be used in some locations where the use of an E unit may not be considered suitable. (6) The EE designated units are electrically powered units that have, in addition to all of the requirements for the E and ES units, the electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed. In certain locations the EE unit may be used where the use of an E and ES unit may not be considered suitable. (F) The EX designated units are electrically powered units that differ from the E, ES, or EE units in that the electrical fittings and equipment are so designed, constructed and assembled that the units may be used in certain atmospheres containing flam mable vapors or dusts. () The G designated units are gasoline pow (9) The GS designated units are gasoline powered units that are provided with addi tional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. They may be used in some locations where the use of a G unit may not be considered suitable. (10) The LP designated unit is similar to the G unit except that liquefied petroleum gas is used for fuel instead of gasoline. (11) The LPS designated units are liquefied petroleum gas powered units that are pro vided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. They may be used in some locations where the use of an LP unit may not be considered suitable. (12) The atmosphere or location shall have been classified as to whether it is hazardous or nonhazardous prior to the consideration of industrial trucks being used therein and the type of industrial truck required shall be as provided in paragraph (d) of this sec tion for such location. (c) Designated locations. (1) The industrial trucks specified under subparagraph (2) of this paragraph are the minimum types required but industrial trucks having greater safeguards may'be used if desired. (2) For specific areas of use see Table N-l which tabulates the information contained in this section. References in parentheses are to the corresponding classification as used in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl-1971 (Rev. of 1968) for the convenience of persons familiar with those classifications. References in parentheses are to the corres ponding classification as used in the National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70, ANSI Standard CI-1968) for the conveni ence of persons familiar with those classifi cations. 1910.178(0(2) 410 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.178(1) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS truck. Methoas shall be devised to train operators in the safe operation of powered industrial trucks. (m) Truck operations. (1) Trucks shall not be driven up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object. (2) No person shall be allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any truck, whether loaded or empty. (3) Unauthorized personnel shall not be per mitted to ride on powered industrial trucks. A safe place to ride shall be provided where riding of trucks is authorized. (4) The employer shall prohibit arms or legs from being placed between the uprights of the mast or outside the running lines of the truck. (5) (i) When a powered industrial truck is left unattended, load engaging means shall be fully lowered, controls shall be neutralized, power shall be shut off, and brakes set. Wheels shall be blocked if the truck is parked on an incline. (ii) A powered industrial truck is unat tended when the operatoris 25 feetor more away from the vehicle which remains in his view, or whenever the operator leaves the vehicle and it is not in his view. (Hi) When the operator of an industrial truck is dismounted and within 25 feet of the truck still in his view, the load engag ing means shall be fully lowered, controls neutralized, and the brakes set to pre vent movement. [38 F.R. 14371. June 1. 1973.) (6) A safe distance shall be maintained from the edge of ramps or platforms while on any elevated dock, or platform or freight car. Trucks shall not be used for opening or clos ing freight doors. trailers, or railroad cars while loadiiig~~ur unloading. Fixed jacks may be necessary to support a semitrailer during loading or unloading when the trailer is not coupled to a tractor. The flooring of trucks, trailers, and railroad cars shall be checked for breaks and weakness before they are driven onto. () There shall be sufficient headroom under overhead installations, lights, pipes, sprinkler system, etc. (9) An overhead guard shall be used as pro tection against falling objects. It should be noted that an overhead guard is intended to offer protection from tne impact of small packages, boxesi bagged material, etc., rep resentative of the job application, but not to withstand the impact of a falling capacity load. (10) A load backrest extension shaltbe used whenever necessary to minimize the possi bility of the load or part of it from falling rearward. (11) Only approved industrial trucks shall be used in hazardous locations. (12) Whenever a truck is equipped with ver tical only, or vertical and horizontal con trols elevatable with the lifting carriage or forks for lifting personnel, the following additional precautions shall be taken for the protection of personnel being elevated. (1) Use of a safety platform firmly secured to the lifting carriage and/or forks. (ii) Means shall be provided whereby per sonnel on the platform can shut off power to the truck. (iii) Such protection from falling objects as indicated necessary by the operating conditions shall be provided. (13) [Revoked] [38. F.R. 14371, June 1, 1973.) (14) Fire aisles, access to stairways, and fire equipment shall be kept clear. (7) Brakes shall be set and wheel blocks shall (n) Traveling, be in place to prevent movement of trucks. Change 1 415 1910.178<n) 1 5853 110.1TKbX1) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (1) All traffic regulations shall be observed, including authorized plant speed limits. A safe distance shall be maintained approx imately three truck lengths from the truck ahead, and the truck shall be kept under control at all times. occupational safety and health (2) The right of way shall be yielded to ambulances, fire trucks, or other vehicles in emergency situations. (3) Other trucks traveling in the same direc tion at intersections, blind spots, or other ltlt.l78(nX3) 416 Chuife I 1 5854 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1 I STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Ckaaf# 1 414.1 1 5855 1910.n(nK3) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH dangerous locations shall not be passed. power shut off, and the brakes set. (4) The driver shall be required to slow down and sound the horn at cross aisles and other locations where vision is obstructed. If the 'load being carried obstructs forward view, the driver shall be required to travel with the load trailing. (13) Motorized hand trucks must enter elevator or other confined areas with load end forward. (14) Running over loose objects on the road way surface shall be avoided. (5) Railroad tracks shall be crossed diago nally wherever possible. Parking closer than 8 feet from the center of railroad tracks is prohibited. (6) The driver shall be required to look in the direction of, and keep a clear view of the path of travel. (15) While negotiating turns, speed shall be reduced to a safe level by means of turning the hand steering wheel in a smooth, sweep ing motion. Except when maneuvering at a very low speed, the hand steering wheel shall be turned at a moderate, even rate. (o) Loading. (7) Grades shall be ascended or descended slowly. (i) When ascending or descending grades in excess of 10 percent, loaded trucks shall be driven with the load upgrade. (ii) Unloaded trucks should be operated on all grades with the load engaging means downgrade. (ill) On all grades the load and load engag ing means shall be tilted back if applicable, and raised only as far as neces sary to clear the road surface. () Under all travel conditions the truck shall be operated at a speed that will permit it to be brought to a stop in a safe manner. <*) &cunt driving and horseplay shall not be permitted. (10) The driver shall be required to slow down for wet and slippery floors. (11) Dockboard or bridgeplates, shall be properly secured before they are driven over. Dockboard or bridgeplates shall be driven over carefully and slowly and their rated capacity never exceeded. (12) Elevators shall be approached slowly, and then entered squarely after the elevator car is properly leveled. Once on the elevator, the controls shall be neutralized, (1) Only stable or safely arranged loads shall be handled. Caution shall be exercised when handling off-center lo^ds which cannot be centered. (2) Only loads wi-' n the rated capacity of the truck shall t ' indled. (3) The long or high (including multiple tiered) loads which may affect capacity shall be adjusted. (4) When attachments are used, particular care should be taken in securing, manipulat ing, positioning, and transporting the load. Trucks equipped with attachments shall be operated as partially loaded trucks when not handling a load. (5) A load engaging means shall be placed under the load as far as possible; the mast shall be carefully tilted backward to stabilize the load. (6) Extreme care shall be used when tilting the load forward or backward, particularly when high tiering. Tilting forward with load' engaging means elevated shall be pro hibited except to pick up a load. An elevated load shall not be tilted forward except when the load is in a deposit position over a rack or stack. When stacking or tiering, only enough backward tilt to stabilize the load shall be used. 1910.178(0X4) 416.2 Change I OCCUPATIONAL 8APETY AND HXALTB l910.I79(bK2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS specifications by February 15, 1972, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasi bly or economically be altered and that the crane substantially complies with the requirements of this section. (3) Modifications. Cranes may be modified and rerated provided such modifications and the supporting structure are checked thoroughly for the new rated load by a qual ified engineer or the equipment manufac turer. The crane shall be tested in accordance with paragraph (kX2) of this sec tion. New rated load shall be displayed in accordance with subparagraph (5) of this paragraph. (4) Wind indkotore and rail clamps. Outdoor stor age bridges shall be provided with automa tic rail clamps. A wind-indicating device shall be provided which will give a visible or audible alarm to the bridge operator at a predetermined wind velocity. If the clamps act on the rail heads, any beads or weld flash on the railheads shall be ground off. (5) Rated load marking. The rated load of the crane shall be plainly marked on each side of the crane, and if the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist shall have its rated load marked on it or its load block and this marking shall be clearly legible from the ground or floor. (6) Clearance from obstruction. () Designated personnel. Only designated! personnel shall be permitted to operate a| crane covered by this section. ' (3. F.R. 14371, June 1, 1373.) (c) Cabs. (1) Cab location. (i) The general arrangement of the cab and the location of control and protective equipment shall be such that all operat ing handles are within convenient reach of the operator when facing the area to be served by the load hook, or while facing the direction of travel of the cab. The arrangement shall allow the operator a full view of the load hook in all positions. (II) The cab shall be located to afford a minimum of 3 inches clearance from all fixed structures within its area ofpossible movement. (III) The clearance of the cab above the working floor or passageway should be not less than 7 feet. (2) Access le crane. Access to the cab and/or bridge walkway shall be by a conveniently placed fixed ladder, stairs, or platform requiring no step over any gap exceeding 12 inches. Fixed ladders shall be in conform ance with the American National Standard Safety Code for Fixed Ladders, ANSI A14.3-1956. (i) Minimum clearance of 3 inches over head and 2 inches laterally shall be pro vided and maintained between crane and obstructions in conformity with Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc., Specification No. 61 (formerly the Electric Overhead Crane Institute, Inc.). (II) Where passageways or walkways are provided obstructions shall not be placed so that safety of personnel will be jeopard ized by movements of the crane. (7) Clearance between parallel cranes. If the run ways of two cranes are parallel, and there are no intervening walls or structure, there shall be adequate clearance provided and maintained between the two bridges. (3) Sirs extinguisher. A carbon dioxide, drychemical, or equivalent hand fire ex tinguisher should be kept in the cab. Carbon tetrachloride extinguishers shall not be used. (4) lighting. Light in the cab shall be suf ficient to enable the operator to see clearly enough to perform his work. (d) Footwalks and laddars. (1) Location of footwalks. (i) If sufficient headroom is available on cab-operated cranes, a footwalk shall be provided on the drive side along the entire length of the bridge of all cranes having Chans* t 421 1910.179l)(lXi) 1 5857 m.iT*dxix STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS the trolley running on the top of the gird ers. To give sufficient access to the opposite side of the trolley, there should occupational safety and HEALTH tthhe. trolilfey, ealtsflueirtaabfleeotfwooatlwk amlkouonrtepdlaotn- ISIS.ITKdXtXiJ 422 ChtAf*1 1 15858 occupational safety and health STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Chug* i 422.1 mo.n9<<J>uxiV STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS occupational safety and health form in tne building;, or a footwalk on the opposite side of the crane at least twice the length of the trolley. (II) Footwalks should be located to give a headroom not less than 78 inches. In no case shall less than 48 inches be pro vided. If 48 inches of headroom cannot be provided, footwalks should be omitted from the crane and a stationary platform or landing stage built for workmen mak ing repairs. (2) Construction of footwalks. (I) Footwalks shall be of rigid construction and designed to sustain a distributed load of at least 50 pounds per square foot. (II) Footwalks shall have a walking sur face of antislip type. NOTE: Wood will meet this requirement. (ill) Footwalks should be continuous and permanently secured. (iv) Footwalks should have a clear pas sageway at least 18 inches wide except opposite the bridge motor, where they should be not less than 15 inches. The inner edge shall extend at least to the line of the outside edge of the lower cover plate or flange of the girder. (3) Toeboards and handrails for footwalks. Toeboards and handrails shall be in com pliance with section 1910.23 of this part. (4) ladders and stairways. (i) Gantry cranes shall be provided with ladders or stairways extending from the ground to the footwalk or cab platform. (II) Stairways shall be equipped with rigid and substantial metal handrails. Walking surfaces shall be of an antislip type. (iii) Ladders shall be permanently and se curely fastened in place and shall be con structed in compliance with S 1910.27. | (e) Slops, bumpers, rail sweeps, and guards. 19l0.179(eXSXi> (1) Trolley (top*. (i) Stops shall be provided at the limits of travel of the trolley. (II) Stops shall be fastened to resist forces applied when contacted. (iii) A stop engaging the tread of the wheel shall be of a height at least equal to the radius of the wheel. (2) trldgo bumpers. (I) A crane shall be provided with bump ers or other automatic means providing equivalent effect, unless the crane trav els at a slow rate of speed and has a faster deceleration rate due to the use of sleeve bearings, or is not operated near the ends of bridge and trolley travel, or is t restricted to a limited distance by the I nature of the crane operation and there { is no hazard of striking any object in ' this limited distance, or is used in simi lar operating conditions. The bumpers shall be capable of stopping the crane (not including the lifted load) at an aver age rate of deceleration not to exceed 3 ft/ s/s when traveling in either direction at 20 percent of the rated load speed. (a) The bumpers shall have sufficient energy absorbing capacity to stop the crane when traveling at a speed of at least 40 percent of rated load speed. (b) The bumper shall be so mounted that there is no direct shear on bolts. (ii) Bumpers shall be so designed and installed as to minimize parts falling from the crane in case of breakage. (3) Trolley bumpers. (i) A trolley shall be provided with bump ers or other automatic means of equiva lent effect, unless the trolley travels at a slow rate of speed, or is not operated near the ends of bridge and trolley travel, or is restricted to a limited distance of the runway and there is no hazard of striking any object in this limited dis tance, or is used in similar operating con- [38c F.R. 14371, June 1, 1973.] . Change 1 1 5860 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ditions. The bumpers shall be capable of stopping the trolley (not including the lifted load) at an average rate of decelera tion not to exceed 4.7 ft/s/s when traveling in either direction at one-third of the rated load speed. (ii) When more than one trolley is operated ISl0.17*cX3Xi) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS on the same bridge, each shall be equip ped with bumpers .or equivalent on theirI adjacent ends. (ill) Bumpers or equivalent shall be designed and installed to minimize parts, falling from the trolley in case of age I38.F.R. 14371, Junt 1. 1973.] Chase* 1 422.3 1910.179(*X3Xill) V 1 5861 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 422.4 Chug* 1 1 1 5862 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.180UX33) > which the rope travels around drums and sheaves. (94) "Rope" refers to a wire rope unless otherwise specified. (3S) "Side loading" means a load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom. STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (47) The "whipline" (auxiliary hoist) is a separate hoist rope system of lighter load capacity and higher speed than provided by the main hoist. (49) A "winch head" is a power driven spool for handling of loads by means of friction between Tiber or wire rope and spool. (96) A "standby crane" is a crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. V (37) A "standing (guy) rope" is a supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the twp components connected by the rope. (39) "Structural competence" means the ability of the machine and its components to withstand the stresses imposed by applied loads. (b) General requirements. (1) Application. This section applies to crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel mounted cranes of both truck and self-propelled wheel type, and any variations thereof which retain the same fundamental charac teristics. This section includes only cranes of the above types, which are basically pow ered by internal combustion engines or elec tric motors and which utilize drums and ropes. Cranes designed for railway and automobile wreck clearances are excepted. The requirements of this section ire appli (39) "Superstructure" means the rotating cable only to machines when used^as lifting upper frame structure of the machine and cranes. ^ the operating machinery mounted thereon. (40) "Swing" means the rotation of the superstructure for movement of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation. (41) "Swing mechanism" means the machin-. ery involved in providing rotation of the superstructure. (42) "Tackle" is an assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged for hoisting and pulling. (2) New end existing equipment. All new crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes con structed and utilized on or after August 31, 1971, shall meet the design specifications of the American National Standard Safety Code for Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes, ANSI B30.5-1968. Crawler, loco motive, and truck cranes constructed prior to August 31, 1971, should be modified to conform to those design specifications by February 15, 1972, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasibly or economi cally be altered and that the crane substan (43) "Transit" means the moving or trans porting of a crane from one jobsite to another. tially complies with the requirements of this section. (3) Designated personnel- Only designated j personnel shall be permitted to operate a I (44) "Travel" means the function of the machine moving from one location to another, on a jobsite. crane covered by this section. (3F.R. 14371. June 1, 1973.) (c) load ratings. | (43) The "travel mechanism" is the machin ery involved in providing travel. (1) lead ratings--where stability governs lifting performance. (46) "Wheelbase" means the distance between centers of front and rear axles. For a multiple axle assembly the axle center for t wheelbase measurement is taken as the 1 midpoint of the assembly. (i) The margin of stability for determina tion of load ratings, with booms of stipulated lengths at stipulated working radii for the various types ofcrane mount ings, is established by taking a percent Chase* 1 3 1910.X80(c)(lKi) 1 5863 1910.180<c)<lXi) 1 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH age of the loads which will produce a con dition of tipping or balance with the boom in the least stable direction, relative to the mounting. The load ratings shall not exceed the following percentages for cranes, with the indicated types of mount ing under conditions stipulated in sub divisions^) and (iii) of this subparagraph. Typo of erase mounting Maximum load ratrngo tiwStyloadt) Locomotive, without outriggen: Booms 60 feet or leu 8S Booms over 60 feet................... .................. '65 Locomotive, using outriggers fully extended Crawler, without outriggers 76 Crawler, using outriggers fully extended .. Truck and wheel mounted without outrig gers or using outriggers fully extended.. 60 85 65 1 Unless this results in less than 30,000 poundfeet net stabilising moment about the rail, which shall be minimum with such booms. ' (ii) The following stipulations shall govern the application of the values in subdivi sion (i) of this subparagraph for locomo tive cranes: (a) Tipping with or without the use of outriggers occurs when half of the wheels farthest from the load leave the rail. (b) The crane shall be standing on track which is level within 1 percent grade. (c) Radius of the load is the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the rail support surface, before loading, to the center of vertical hoist line or tackle with load applied. id) Tipping loads from which ratings are determined shall be applied under static conditidns only, i.e., without dynamic effect of hoisting, lowering, or swinging. (e) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices such as hoist blocks, hooks, and slings shall be considered a part of the load rating. (iii) Stipulations governing the applica tion of the values in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph for crawler, truck, and wheel-mounted cranes shall be in accordance with Crane Load-Stability Test Code, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J765. (hr) The effectiveness of these preceding stability factors will be influenced by such additional factors as freely suspended loads, track, wind, or ground conditions, condition and inflation of rubber tires, boom lengths, proper operating speeds for existing conditions, and, in general, care ful and competent operation. All of these shall be taken into account by the user. (2) lead rating chart. A substantial and dur able rating chart with clearly legible letters and figures shall be provided with each crane and securely fixed to the crane cab in a location easily visible to the operator while seated at his control station. - (d) Inspection classification. (1) Initial inspection. Prior to initial use all new and altered cranes shall be inspected to insure compliance with provisions of this section. (2) Regular inspection. Inspection procedure for cranes in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be per formed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the crane and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or malfunc tion. The two general classifications are herein designated as "frequent" and "periodic", with respective intervals between inspections as defined below: (I) Frequent inspection: Daily to monthly intervals. (il) Periodic inspection: 1- to 12-month intervals, or as specifically recommended by the manufacturer. (3) frequent inspection. Items such as the fol lowing shall be inspected for defects at 1910.180(d)(3) 434 1 5864 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH i 1910.1J1UK30) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS angle to the vertical plane of the boom. (31) The "sill" is a member connecting the foot block and stiffleg or a member connect ing the lower ends of a double member mast. (32) A "standby derrick" is a derrick not in regular service which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (33) "Stiffleg" means a rigid member sup porting the mast at the head. (34) "Swing" means rotation of the mast and/or boom for movements of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation. (b) General requirements. (1) Application. This section applies to guy, stiffleg, basket, breast, gin pole, Chicago boom and A-frame derricks of the stationary type, capable of handling loads at vari able reaches and powered by hoists through systems of rope reeving, used to perform lifting hook work, single or multiple line bucket work, grab, grapple, and magnet work. Derricks may be permanently in stalled for temporary use as in construction work. The requirements of this section also apply to any modification of these types which retain their fundamental features, except for floating derricks. (2) New and existing equipment. All new der ricks constructed and installed on or after August 31, 1971, shall meet the design specifications of the American National Standard Safety Code for Derricks, ANSI B30.6-1969. Derricks constructed prior to August 31, 1971, should be modified to con form to those design specifications by Feb ruary 15, 1972, unless it can be shown that the derrick cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the derrick substan tially complies with the requirements of this section. ( I(3) Designated personnel. Only desig nated personnel shall be permitted to oper ate a derrick covered by this section. [38 F.R. 14371, June 1. 1973.) (c) Load ratings. (1) Rated lead marking. For permanently installed derricks with fixed lengths of boom, guv. and mast, a substantial, durable, and clearly legible rating chart shall be pro vided with each derrick and securely affixed where it is visible to personnel responsible for the safe operation of the equipment. The chart shall include the following data: (i) Manufacturer's approved load ratings at corresponding ranges of boom angle or operating radii. (ii) Specific lengths of components on which the load ratings are based. (iii) Required parts for hoist reeving. Size and construction of rope may be shown either on the rating chart or in the operat ing manual. (2) Nonparmanent installations. For nonperma nent installations, the manufacturer shall provide sufficient information from which capacity charts can be prepared for the par ticular installation. The capacity charts shall be located at the derricks or the jobsite office. (d) Inspection. (1) Inspection classification. (i) Prior to initial use all new and altered derricks shall be inspected to insure com pliance with the provisions of this section. (ii) Inspection procedure for derricks in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be performed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the derrick and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or mal function. The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic with respective -intervals between inspections as defined below: (a) Frequent inspection--Daily to monthly intervals. Change 1 443 1910.181(dMlXUKc) 1 5865 mt.ni(dxixuxb) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (b) Periodic inspection--1- to 12-month intervals, or as specified by the man ufacturer. occupational safety and health mO.lSKdXIXiiXb) Chance 1 occupational safety and health STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Cliuif* 1 .1 1 5867 1910.181(dM2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (3) Frequent Inipectien. Items such as the fol lowing shall be inspected for defects at intervals as defined in subparagraph (lXiiXa)of this paragraph or as specifically indicated, including observation during operation for any defects which might appear between regular inspections. Deficiencies shall be carefully examined for any safety hazard: (i) All control mechanisms: Inspect daily for adjustment, wear, and lubrication. (ii) All chords and lacing: Inspect daily, visually. (ill) Tension in guys: Daily. (iv) Plumb of the mast. (v) Deterioration or leakage in air or hy draulic systems: Daily. (vi) Derrick hooks for deformations or cracks; for hooks with cracks or having more than 15 percent in excess of normal throat opening or more than 10 twist from the plane of the unbent hook, refer to paragraph (eX3Xiii) of this section. (vii) Rope reeving; visual inspection for noncompliance with derrick manufac turer's recommendations. (viii) Hoist brakes, clutches, and operating levers: check daily for proper functioning before beginning operations. (ix) Electrical apparatus for malfunc tioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, and moisture accumulation. (3)Feriedfc inspection. (i) Complete inspections of the derrick shall be performed at intervals as gener ally defined in subparagraph (lXiiXb) of this paragraph depending upon its activity, severity of service, and environ ment, or as specifically indicated below. These inspections shall include the requirements of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph and in addition, items such as the following. Deficiencies shall be care l10.181(dX4XUl) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH fully examined and a determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard: (a) Structural members for deforma tions, cracks, and corrosion. (b) Bolts or rivets for tightness. (c) Parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, sheaves, drums, rollers, locking and clamping devices, for wear, cracks, and distortion. (d) Gudgeon pin for cracks, wear, and distortion each time the derrick is to be erected. (e) Powerplants for proper performance and compliance with applicable safety requirements. (f) Hooks, magnetic particle gr other suitable crack detecting inspection should be performed at least once each year. (ii) Foundation or supports shall be inspected for continued ability to sustain the imposed loads. (4) Derricks net in regular use. (i) A derrick which has been idle for a period of 1 month or more, but less than 6 months, shall be given an inspection conforming with requirements of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph and paragraph (g)(3) of this section before placing in service. (ii) A derrick which has been idle for a period of over 6 months shall be given a complete inspection conforming with requirements ofsubparagraphs (2) and (3) of this paragraph and paragraph (gX3) of this section before placing in service. (iii) Standby derricks shall be inspected at least semiannually in accordance with requirements of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph and paragraph (gX3) of this section. Those exposed to adverse envi ronment should be inspected more fre- China* 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.216(1X1) ) tances shall be expressed in inches of sur face travel of the roll from the instant the emergency stopping device is actuated. STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS load surface speeds of the respective calender rolls as determined in feet per minute. (2) Slopping limits for mills. All mills irrespec tive of the size of the rolls or their arrange ment (individually or group-driven) shall be stopped within a distance, as measured in inches of surface travel, not greater than 1V4 percent of the peripheral no-load sur face speeds of the respective rolls as deter mined in feet per minute. (ii) Where speeds above 250 feet per minute as measured on the surface of the drive roll are used, stopping distances of more than 1% percent are permissible. Such stopping distances shall be subject to engineering determination. (g) Alarm. (3) Stopping limits for calenders. (i) All calenders, irrespective of size of the rolls or their configuration, shall be stopped within a distance, as measured in inches of surface travel, not greater than 1% percent of the peripheral no- Where an exposure is created by the operation, and the operators are not within sight or hearing of other employees, a suitable alarm device should be provided so that assistance will be available in case of acci dents. r 1910.217--MECHANICAL POWER PRESSES (a) General requirements. (1) New installations. The requirements of this section pertaining to construction shall apply to all mechanical power presses installed on or after August 31, 1971. (2) farmer installatient. All mechanical power presses installed prior to August 31, 1971, shall be brought into conformity with the requirements of this section not later than August 31, 1974. (3) All installation*. The requirements of this section pertaining to the care and use of mechanical power presses shall apply to all mechanical power press operations as of February 16, 1972. (4) Recenatrvctien and modification. It shall be the responsibility of any person recon structing, or modifying a mechanical power press to do so in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. hot bending and hot metal presses, forging presses and hammers, riveting machines and similar types offastener applicators are excluded from the requirements of this sec tion. (b) Mechanical power press guarding and construction, general. (1) Hazards to pononnel associated with broken or falling maching components. Machine compo nents shall be designed, secured, or covered to minimize hazards caused by breakage, or loosening and falling or release of mechanical energy (i.e. broken springs). (2) Irakos. Friction brakes provided for stop-1 ping or holding a slide movement shall be inherently self-engaging by requiring I power or force from an external source to [ cause disengagement. Brake capacity shall be sufficient to stop the motion of the slide I quickly and capable of holding the slide and I its attachments at any point in-its travel. | (5) Included machines. Press brakes, hydraulic (38 F.R. 16223. June 21. 1973.) I and pneumatic power presses, bulldozers. Chcagc 1 48$ 1910-217(bX2) 1 5869 1 mjiT(kxi)a) standards and intemhetations (3) Mwhlim using full rsvslutien pesltiv* dutches. (I) Machines using full revolution clutches occupational safety and health 1S1 ISlSJlTibXSXl) 4*6 Chang* ! 1 / 1 5870 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Chtiife 1 496.1 1 5871 l10.217(bX3Xi> STANDAID6 AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH shall incorporate a single-stroKe mech anism. (il) If the single-stroke mechanism is dependent upon spring action, the springfs) shall be of the compression type, operating on a rod or guided within a hole or tube, and designed to prevent inter leaving of the spring coils in event of breakage. current operation of the individual ! operator's hand controls. (ii) Two-hand trip systems on full revolu tion clutch machines shall incorporate an antirepeat feature. (ill) If two-hand trip systems are used on multiple operator presses, each operator shall have a separate set of controls. (4) Feet pedals (treadle). (7) Mochinat using part revolution clutches. (I) The. pedal mechanism shall be pro tected to prevent unintended operation from falling or moving objects or by acci dental stepping onto the pedal. (i) The clutch shall release and the brake shall be applied when the external clutch engaging means is removed, deactivated, or deenergized. (II) A pad with a nonslip contact area shall be firmly attached to the pedal. (HI) The pedal return spring(s) shall be of the compression type, operating on a rod or guided within a hole or tube, or designed to prevent interleaving of spring coils in event of breakage. (iv) If pedal counterweights are provided, the path of the travel of the weight shall be enclosed. (5) Hand operated Ieven. (i) Hand-lever-operated power presses shall be equipped with a spring latch on the operating lever to prevent premature or accidental tripping. (II) The operating levers on handtripped presses having more than one operating station shall be interlocked to prevent the tripping of the press except by the "concurrent" use of all levers. (6) Two-hand trip. (I) A two-hand trip shall have the individual operator's hand controls pro tected against unintentional operation and have the individual operator's hand controls arranged by design and con struction and/or separation to require the use of both hands to trip the press and use a control arrangement requiring con- (ii) A red color stop control shall be pro vided with the clutch/bralee control system. Momentary operation of the stop control shall immediately deactivate the clutch and apply the brake. The stop con trol shall override any other control, and reactuation ofthe clutch shall require use of the operating (tripping) means which has been selected. | (ill) A means of selecting Off, "Inch," Single Stroke, and Continuous (when the continuous function is furnished) shall be supplied with the clutch)brake control to select type of operation of the press. Fixing of selection shall be by means capable of supervision by the employer. (iv) The "Inch" operating means shall be designed to prevent exposure of the work ers hands within the point of operation by: (a) Requiring the concurrent use of both hands to actuate the clutch, or (b) Being a single control protected against accidental actuation and so located that the worker cannot reach into the point of operation while operat ing the single control. (v) Two-hand controls for single stroke shall conform to the following require ments: 1910.217(bK7H) 4*6.2 Change 1 i 1 -i 1 5872 OCCUPATIONAL SAPETY AND HEALTH 1910.217(cX3Xri2i) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ) trip is used as a point of operation device (i) Dies shall be designed to permit use it shall meet the construction require of press knockouts and lower liftouts ments of paragraph (bX6) of this section. where the press is so equipped. (ix) Two-hand tripping devices used with full revolution clutches shall be consid ered as a point of operation device only when installed on presses of high speed, short stroke, or by having these control mechanisms mounted at a distance away from the point of operation so as to insure that the operator cannot inadvertently reach into the point of operation after tripping the clutch and at any time prior to die closure. (4) Hand feeding tools. Hand feeding tools are intended for placing and removing materi als in and from the press. Hand feeding tools are not a point of operation guard or protec tion device and shall not be used in lieu of the "guards" or devices required in this sec tion. (d) Design, construction, totting, and feeding of dies. ^ (1) Goneraj requirements. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to institute die procurement, construction and modifi cation policies and procedures that will eliminate by August 31, 1974, the need for the operator to place his hands or fingers within the point of operation. Effective Au gust 31, 1974, the employer shall: (i) Use dies designed and constructed to eliminate hazards to operating per sonnel. (ii) Furnish and enforce the use of a handtool specifically designed for the purpose of freeing and/or removing stuck work or scrap pieces from the die to avoid requir ing the operator to place his hands or fin gers within the point of operation, and (iii) Furnish and enforce the use of hand feeding tools when necessary with man ual feeding methods to avoid requiring the operator to place his hands or fingers within the point of operation. (il) Spring or rubber strippers or an equiv alent means shall be provided on punch ing or piercing dies, to prevent material from riding up with the punch, except where a special mechanism is provided for scrap ejection. Dies should be designed to allow automatic ejection of stock and scrap. (3) Scrap handling. The employer shall provide means for handling scrap from roll feed or random length stock operations. Scrap cut ters used in conjunction with scrap han dling systems shall be safeguarded in accordance with paragraph (b) of this sec tion and with i 1910.219. (4) Guide pact hazard. The hazard created by a guide post (when it is located in.' the immediate vicinity of the operator) when separated from its bushing by more than one-fourth inch shall be considered as a point of operation hazard and be protected in accordance with paragraph (c) of this sec tion. (5) Unitized tooling. If unitized tooling is used, the opening between the top of the punch holder and the face of the slide, or striking pad, shall be safeguarded in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Tonnage, stroke, and weight designation. All dies shall be: (i) Stamped with the tonnage and stroke requirements, or have these characteris tics recorded if these records are readily available to the die setter; (ii) Stamped to indicate upper die weight when necessary for air counterbalance pressure adjustment; and (ill) Stamped to indicate complete die weight when handling equipment may become overloaded. (2) ((acting stock and scrap. I 491 1910.217(dX6KiU) I 1 5873 1910.217<dX7) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (?) Die fattening. Provision shall be made in both the upper and lower shoes for securely mounting the die to the bolster and slide. Where clamp caps or setscrews are used in conjunction with punch stems, additional means of securing the upper shoe to the slide shall be used. () Die handling. Handling equipment attach points shall be provided on all dies requiring mechanical handling. (9) DieteHlng. (!) The employer shall establish a die setting procedure that will insure com pliance with paragraph (b) of this section. (ii) The employer shall provide spring loaded turnover bars, for presses designed to accept such turnover bars. (iii) The employer shall provide die stops or other means to prevent losing control of the die while setting or removing dies in presses which are inclined. (iv) The employer shall provide and enforce the use of safety blocks for use whenever dies are being adjusted or repaired in the press. (v) The employer shall provide brushes, swabs, lubricating rolls, and automatic or manual pressure guns so that operators and diesetters shall not be required to reach into the point of operation or other hazard areas to lubricate material, punches or dies. () Impaction, maintenance, and modifica tion ofpresses. furnish instructions with the modification to establish new or changed guidelines for use and care of the power press so modified. (3) Training of maintenance portonnol. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to insure the original and continuing compe tence of personnel caring for, inspecting, and maintaining power presses. (f) Operation of power presses. (1) employment of minora. The employer shall permit no one under 18 years of age to operate or assist in the operation of machinery covered in this section, except that this paragraph shall not be deemed to prohibit the employment of persons who are 16 or 17 years of age in an apprentice ship training program which meats the re quirements contained in S S 570.59 and 570.50 (b) and (c) of this title. (37 F.R. 23718, November 8, 1972.1 (2) Instruction to oporaton. The employer shall train and instruct the operator in the safe method of work before starting work on any operation covered by this section. The employer shall insure by adequate supervi sion that correct operating procedures are being followed. (3) Work area. The employer shall provide clearance between machines so that move ment of one operator will not interfere with the work of another. Ample room for clean ing machines, handling material, work pieces, and scrap shall also be provided. All surrounding floors shall be kept in good con dition and free from obstructions, grease, oil, and water. (1) Inspection and maintenance record*. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to establish and follow a program of periodic and regular inspections of his power presses to insure that all their parts, auxiliary equipment, and safeguards are in a safe operating condition and adjustment. The employer shall maintain records of these inspections and the maintenance work per formed. (4) Overloading. The employer shall operate his presses within the tonnage and attach ment weight ratings specified by the man ufacturer. This table shows the distances that guards shall be positioned from the danger Une in accordance with the required openings. (2) Modification. It shall be the responsibility of any person modifying a power press to 1910.217(f)(4) 492 Change 1 1 5874 occupational safety and health Tabu 0-10 Distance of opening Maximum width from point of opera opening tion hazard (inches) (inches) % to 1 %.................. 1% toa%................ . 2% to 3%................. --- % --- % .... % 3% to 5%................ --- % 5% to 6V,................. .... % 6% to 7%................ .... % 7% to 12%............... --- M4 13% to 16%............. --- 1% 15% to 17%............. 17% to 31%............. --- 1% -- a% 1910.217(fK4) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Changt 1 492.1 ieift.217(fK4) 1 5875 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND health 4123 Change 1 5876 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1SII.241 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.243--GUARDING OF PORTABLE POWERED TOOLS (a) Portable poworod tool*. (1) Portable circular uwi. (i) All portable, power-driven circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to covering position. a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on. (HI) (a) All other hand-held powered tools, such as, but not limited to, platen sanders, grinders with wheels 2 inches in diameter or less, disc sanders with discs 2 inches in diameter or less, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks a nominal onefourth of an inch wide or less, may be equipped with either a positive "on-off" control, or other controls as described by paragraph (aX2Xi) and (ii) of this section. (ii) Paragraph (aXlXi) of this section does not apply to circular saws used in the meat industry for meat cutting purposes. (2) Switch** and centrals. (i) All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released. All hand held gasoline powered chain saws shall be equipped with a constant pressure throttle control that will shut off the powerto the saw chain when the pressure is released. (ii) All hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter, disc sanders with discs greater than 2 inches in diameter, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks greater than a nominal one-fourth inch, and other.similarly operating powered tools shall be equipped with a constant Dressure switch or control, and may have (b) Saber, scroll, and jig saws with nonstandard blade holders may use blades with shanks which are nonuni form in width, provided the narrowest portion of the blade shank is an inte gral part in mounting the blade. (c) Blade shank width shall be meas ured at the narrowest portion of the blade shank when saber, scroll, and jig saws have nonstandard blade holders. (d) "Nominal" in this subparagraph means 0.05 inch. (iv) The operating control on hand-held power tools shall be so located as to minimize the possibility of its accidental operation, if such accidental operation would constitute a hazard to employees. (v) This subparagraph does not apply to concrete vibrators, concrete breakers, powered tampers, jack hammers, rock drills, garden appliances, household and kitchen appliances, personal care appli ances, medical or dental equipment, or to fixed machinery. Change 1 5(3 110.243UX2X 1 5877 lflOJ43(lKSl STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (3) Rwtoble bait sending mochine*. Belt sanding machines shall be provided with guards at each nip point where the sanding belt runs onto a pulley. These guards shall effectively prevent the hands or fingers of the operator from coming in contact with the nip points. The unused run of the sanding belt shall be guarded against accidental contact. (4) Crocked sowi. All cracked saws shall be removed from service. (S) Grounding. Portable electric powered Itools shall meet the electrical requirements of Subpart S of this part. (b) Pneumatic powered tools and hose. (1) Tool retainer. A tool retainer shall be installed on each piece of utilization equipment which, without such a retainer, may eject the tool. (3) Airttoso. Hose and hose connections used for conducting compressed air to uti lization equipment shall be designed for the pressure and service to which they are subjected. [<) Portable abrasive wheels. (1) General requirements. Abrasive wheels shall be used only on machine provided with safety guards as defined in paragraph (c) (1) through (4) of this section. (I) Exceptions. The requirements of this subparagraph (1) shall not apply to the OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH following classes of wheels and condi tions: (a) Wheels used for internal work while within the work being ground; (b) Mounted wheels used in portable operations 2 inches and smaller in diameter; (see definition 1910.241 (bXl)); and (e) Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 cones, and plugs, and threaded hole pot balls where the work offers protection. (ii) (a) A safety guard shall cover the spin dle end, nut and flange projections. The safety guard shall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheel, and the strength of the fas tenings shall exceed the strength of the guard. (b) Exception.--Safety guards on all operations where the work provides a suitable measure of protection to the operator may be so constructed that the spindle end, nut and outer flange are exposed. Where the nature of the work is such as to entirely cover the side of the wheel, the side covers of the guard may be omitted. (c) Exception.--The spindle end, nut, and outer flange may be exposed on portable machines designed for, and used with, type 6, 11, 27, and 28 abra sive wheels, cutting off wheels, and tuck pointing wheels. [38 F.R. 14371, June 1, 1973.) 1910.243<cX lXiiXe) S14 Change l 1 1 5878 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH >* STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ) ) CtlftBf* 1 514.1 1 5879 l10J<cX2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (3) Cup wheels. Cup wheels (Types 6 and 11) shall be protected by: (i) Safety guards as specified in subpara graph (1) of this paragraph; or, (il) Special "revolving cup guards" which mount behind the wheel , and turn with it. They shall be made of steel or other material with adequate strength and shall enclose the wheel sides upward from the back for one-third of the wheel thickness. The mounting features shall conform with all regulations. (See subparagraph (5) of this paragraph.) It is necessary to maintain clearance between the wheel side and the guard. The clear ance shall not exceed one-sixteenth inch; or, (iii) Some other form of guard that will insure as good protection as that which would be provided by the guards specified in subdivision (i) or (ii) of this subpara graph. (3) Vertical portable grinders. Safety guards used on machines known as right angle head or vertical portable grinders shall have a maximum exposure angle of 180, and the guard shall be so located so as to be between the operator and the wheel dur ing use. Adjustment of guard shall be such that pieces of an accidentally broken wheel will be deflected away from the operator. (See Figure P-4.) (4) Other portable grinders. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides for safety guards used on other portable grinding machines shall not exceed 180* and the top half of the wheel shall be enclosed at all times. (See Figures P-6 and P-.) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH r*l FIGURE NO. P-4 FIGURE NO. P-5 xyi / / FIGURE NO. P-6 1910.243(c)(4) 514.2 Chsnfc 1 V 1 5880 OCCUPATIONAL SATETY AND HEALTH (5) Mounting and irupetlion of abrasive wheels. (i) Immediately before mounting, all wheels shall be closely inspected and sounded by the user (ring test, see Sub part O, 1910.215(d)(1)) to make sure they have not been damaged in transit, storage, or otherwise. The spindle speed of the machine shall be checked before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the maximum operat ing speed marked on the wheel. (ii) Grinding wheels shall fit freely on the spindle and remain free under all grind ing conditions. A controlled clearance between the wheel hole and the machine spindle (or wheel sleeves or adaptors) is essential to avoid excessive pressure from mounting and spindle expansion. To accomplish this, the machine spindle shall be made to nominal (standard) size plus zero minus .002 inch, and the wheel hole shall be made suitably oversize to assure safety clearance under the condi tions of operating heat and pressure. (ill) All cdntact surfaces of wheels, blot ters, and flangers shall be flat and free of foreign matter. (iv) When a bushing is used in the wheel hole it shall not exceed the width of the wheel and shall not contact the flanges. (v) Requirements for the use of flanges and blotters, see Subpart O, 5 1910.215(c). (6) excluded machinery. Natural sandstone 1wheels and metal, wooden, cloth, or paper discs, having a layer of abrasive on the surface are not covered by this paragraph. [38 F.R. 14871. June 1,1373.] (d) Explosive actuated fastening tools. (1) General requirements. (I) Explosive-actuated fastening tools which are actuated by explosives or any similar means and propel a stud, pin, fas tener, or other object for the purpose of affixing it by penetration to any other object shall meet the design require ments in "American National Standard Safetv Requirements for Explosive- Chaagc 1 1910.343(c)(5Xi) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Actuated Fastening Tools,'' ANSI A10.3-1970. This -requirement does not apply to devices designed for attaching objects to soft construction materials, such as wood, plaster, tar, dry wallboard, and the like, or to stud welding equip ment. (II) Operators and assistants using tools shall be safeguarded by means of eye pro tection. Head and face protection shall be used, as required by working conditions, as set forth in Subpart I. (2) Inspection, maintenance, and teal handling. (i) High-velocity tools. Tools of this type shall have the characteristics outlined in (a) through (A) of this subdivision and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, any addi tional safety features he may wish to incorporate. (a)The muzzle . of the tool shkll have a protective sh. '.or guard at least 3 Vi inches in diameter, mounted perpen dicular to and concentric with the barrel, and designed to confine any fly ing fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard at the time of firing. (b) Where a standard shield or guard cannot be used, or where it does not cover all apparent avenues through which flying particles might escape, a special shield, guard, fixture, or jig designed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, which provides this degree of protection, shall be used as a substitute. (c) The tool shall be so designed that it cannot be fired unless it is equipped with a standard protective shield or guard, or a special shield, guard, fixture, or jig. (d) (I) The firing mechanism shall be so designed that the tool cannot fire dur ing loading or preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded. !910.243(dX2XtXdXl) 1 5881 ltlJ4KdXZXiX4X STAMDAKDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (2) Firing of the tool shall be depend ent upon at least two separate and OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH l10.24S(d)(SMlNdMS) 516 Chaos* 1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH t 1 I I ) I S * STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS I Chaaftl S16.1 V 1 5883 1 1910.14S(<lH2HlKdK2) STANDARDS AND INTEWBETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAJTTY AND HEALTH distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing movement being separate from the operation of bring ing the tool into the firing position. (e) The tool shall be so designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, and unless the operator is hold ing the tool against the work surface with a force at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool. (f) The tool shall be so designed that it will not operate when equipped with the standard guard indexed to the center position if any bearing surface of the guard is tilted more than 8* from contact with the work surface. (g) The tool shall be so designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, in order to make it possible for the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force. (h) The tool shall be so designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present. (il) Tools of the low-velocity-piston type shall have the characteristics outlined in (a) through () of this subdivision and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, any additional safety features he may wish to incorporate. while loading or during preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded. (2) Firing of the tool shall be depend ent upon at least two separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing movement being separate from the operation of bring ing the tool into the firing position. (c) The tool shall be so designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, and unless the operator is hold ing the tool against the work surface with a force at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool. (d) The tool shall be so designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, in order to makit possible for the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force. (e) The tool shall be so designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present. (Ill) Tools of the hammer-operated piston tools--low-velocity type shall have the characteristics outlined in (a) through (e) of this subdivision and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, any additional safety features he may wish to incor porate. ' (a) The mussle end of the tool shall be designed so that suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures, de signed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, can be mounted perpendicular to the barrel. A standard spall shield shall be supplied with each tool. (a) The muzzle end of the tool shall be so designed that suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures, de signed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, can be mounted perpendicular to the barrel. A standard spall shield shall be supplied with each tool. (b) (1) The tool shall be designed so that it shall not in ordinary usage propel or discharge a stud, pin, or fastener leiO.asJIdXaMliiMb) 514.2 (b) The tool shall be so designed that it shall not in ordinary Usage propel or discharge a stud, pin, or fastener while loading, or during preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded. Chiniel 1 1 5884 1 t I 1 ) OCCUPATIONAL 8APRT AND HRALTH 1810.J4S(.KJKU) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (il) Guards which must be removed to install a catcher assembly shall comply with the following: (a) Warning instructions shall be affixed to the mower near the opening stating that the mower shall not be used without either the catcher assembly or the guard in place. (b) The catcher assembly or the guard shall be shipped and sold as part of the mower. (c) The instruction manual shall state that the mower shall not be used with out either the catcher assembly or the guard in place. (d) The catcher assembly, when prop erly and completely installed, shall not create a condition which violates the limits given for the guarded opening. (Hi) Openings in the blade enclosure, intended for the discharge of grass, shall be limited to a maximum vertical angle of the opening of 30*. Measurements shall be taken from the lowest blade position. (iv) The total effective opening area of the grass discharge openingis) shall not exceed 1,000 square degrees on units hav ing a width of cut less than 27V4 inches, or 2,000 square degrees on units having a width of cut 27Vi inches or over. (v) The word "Caution," or stronger word ing, shall be placed on the mower at or near each discharge opening. | (af) [Revoked] (38 F.R. 14371, Jana 1, 1973.] (viii) In a multipiece blade, the means of fastening the cutting members to the body of the blade or disc shall be so designed that they will not become worn to a hazardous condition before the cut ting members themselves are worn beyond use. (h) The maximum tip speed of any blade shall be 19,000 feet per minute. (3) Wolk-behind rotary mown. (I) The horizontal angle of the openingis) in the blade enclosure, intended for the discharge of grass, shall not contact the operator area. (II) There shall be one of the following at all openings in the blade enclosure intended for the discharge of grass: (a) A minimum unobstructed horizon tal distance of 3 inches from the end of the discharge chute to the blade tip circle. (b) A rigid bar fastened.across the dis charge opening, secured to prevent removal without the use of tools. The bottom ofthe bar shall be no higher than the bottom edge of the blade enclosure. (ill) The highest points) of the front of the blade enclosure, except discharge openings, shall be such that any line extending a maximum of 15* downward from the horizontal toward the blade shaft axis (axes) shall not intersect the horizontal plane within the blade tip cir cle. The highest point(s) on the blade enclosure front, except discharge-open ings, shall not exceed l'/ inches above the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position. Mowers with a swingover handle are to be considered as having no front in the blade enclosure and therefore shall comply with subpara graph (2Xi) of this paragraph. (vii) Blade(s) shall stop rotating from the manufacturer's specified maximum speed .within 15 seconds after declutching, or shutting off power. [38 F.R. 14371, June 1, 1873.) (Iv) The mower handle shall be fastened to the mower so as to prevent loss of con trol by unintentional uncoupling while in operation. Chins* l 519 1910.243()(3Xiv) v 1 5885 mo.a4#)<3X> STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (v) A positive upstop or latch shall be pro vided for the mower handle in the normal operating- position(s). The upstop shall not be subject to unintentional disen gagement during normal operation of the mower. The upstop or latch shall not allow the center or the handle grips to come closer than 17 inches horizontally behind the closest path of the mower blade(s) unless manually disengaged. (vl) A swing-over handle, which complies with the above requirements, will be per mitted. (vii) Wheel drive disengaging controls, except deadman controls, shall move op posite to the direction of the vehicle mo Ition in order to disengage the drive. Deadman controls shall comply with S 1910.241(0(11) and may operate in any direction to disengage the drive. (4) Riding rotary mowon. (I) The highest point(s) of all openings in the blade enclosure, front shall be limited by a vertical angle of opening of 15* and a maximum distance of l'A inches above the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position. (II) Openings) shall be placed so that grass or debris will not discharge directly toward any part of an operator seated in a normal operator position. (ill) There shall be one of the following at all openings in the blade enclosure intended for the discharge of grass. (a) A minimum unobstructed horizontill distance of 6 inches from the end of the discharge chute to the blade tip circle. (b) A rigid bar fastened across the dis charge opening, secured to prevent removal without the use of tools. The bottom of the bar shall be no higher than the bottom edge of the blade enclosure. (Iv) Mowers shall be provided with stops to prevent jackknifing or locking of the steering mechanism. , (v) Vehicle stopping means sl&ll be pro vided. (vi) Hand-operated wheel drive disengag ing controls shall move opposite to the direction of vehicle motion in order to disengage the drive. Foot-operated wheel drive disengaging controls shall be de pressed to disengage the drive. Deadman controls, both hand and foot operated, shall comply with i 1910.241(c)(ll) and may operate in any direction to disen gage the drive. [38 F.R. 14371, June 1. 1973.) 1910.244--OTHER PORTABLE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (a) Jacks. (1) leading and maridng. (I) The operator shall make sure that the jack used has a rating sufficient to lift and sustain the load. (II) The rated load shall be legibly and per manently marked in a prominent location on the jack by casting, stamping, or other suitable means. (2) Operation end maintenance. 1919.344<sX2Kiii) 520 (I) In the absence of a firm foundation, the base of the jack shall be blocked. If there is a possibility of slippage of the cap, a block shall be placed in between the cap and the load. (II) The operator shall watch the stop indicator, which shall be kept clean, in order to determine the limit of travel. The indicated limit shall not be overrun. (III) After the load has been raised, it shall be cribbed, blocked, or otherwise secured at once. Chans 1 <i J I ; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.263(0(3) STANDARDS ANp INTERPRETATIONS (3) Imt of divider. The back of the divider shall have a complete cover to enclose all of the moving parts, or each individual part shall be enclosed or guarded to remove the separate hazards. The rear cover shall be provided with a limit switch in order that the machine cannot operate when this cover - is open. The guard on the back shall be hinged so that it cannot be completely removed and if a catch or brace is provided for holding the cover open, it shall be designed so that it will not release due to vibrations or minor bumping whereby the cover may drop on an employee. (4) Oil holes in knife. The oil holes in the knife at the back of the divider shall be of such size that an employee's finger cannot go through the hole. (5) Knife actuating arm. There shall be a saddle guard or other protective device on any elongated hole in the knife actuating arm at the back of the divider. designed that there is no shear point in close proximity to the cleanout holes. (5) Rear of moulders. At the rear of moulders all revolving shafts shall have round cor ners or cylindrical surfaces, and all bolts shall be flush. Tie rods shall be far enough from revolving parts to prevent a shearing or pinching hazard. (6) Adjustment crank. Where a removable crank is used to adjust the moulder for dif ferent sizes of loaf, brackets shall be pro vided on the side of the machine for holding the crank when it is not in use. (h) Manually fad dough brakes. (1) Top-mil protection. The top roll shall be pro tected by a heavy gage metal shield extend ing over the roll to go within 6 inches of the hopper bottom board. The sKield may be perforated to permit observation of the dough entering the rolls. I (6) Shear pins. Dividers shall be equipped with (2) emergency stop bar. An emergency stop mechanical overload release devices such as bar shall be provided, and so located that shear pins. the body of the operator will press against the bar if the operator slips and falls to (g) Moulders. ward the rolls, or if the operator gets his hand caught in the rolls. The bar shall (1) Hoppers. Mechanical feed moulders shall be provided with hoppers so designed and connected to the proofer that an employee's hands cannot get into the hopper where they will come in contact with the in running rolls. apply the body pressure to open positively a circuit that will deenergize the drive mo tor. In addition, a brake which is inher ently self-engaging by requiring power or force from an external source to cause disengagement shall be activated at the same time causing the rolls to stop in (2) Hand-fed moulders. Hand-fed moulders shall be provided with a belt-feed device or stantly. The emergency stop bar shall be checked for proper operation every 30 days. the hopper shall be extended high enough so that the hands of the operator cannot 138 F.R. 16223, June 21. 1973.) get into the feed rolls. The top edge of such a hopper shall be well rounded to prevent injury when it is struck or bumped by the (i) Miscellaneous equipment. employee's hand. (1) Proof boxe*. All door locks shall be operable both from within and outside the box. Guide (3) Stepping devices. There shall be a stopping device within easy reach of the operator rails shall be installed to center the rack as it enters, passes through, and leaves the who feeds the moulder and another stopping proof box. device within the reach of the employee taking the dough away from the moulder. (2) fermentation room. Fermentation room doors shall have nonshatterable wire glass (4) Cleanout holes. Machines shall be so or plastic panels for vision through doors. Chins# 1 591 1910.263(1X2) 1 5887 i STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (3) Tieughi. Troughs shall be mounted on antifriction bearing casters thus making it possible for the operator to move and direct the motion of the trough with a minimum of effort. ChMge 1 593 lSlSJSSOXS) 1 5888 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ChaM* 1 5*2' 1 5889 1910.283(1X4X0 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (4) Hand tracks. (i) Casters shall be set back from corners to be out of the way of toes and heels, but not far enough back to cause the truck to be unstable. (li) A lock or other device shall be provided to hold the handle in vertical position when the truck is not in use. (5) lift tracks. A lock or other device shall be provided to hold the handle in vertical posi tion when the truck is not in use. (6) Rocks. (i) Sharp splintered or rough corners and edges shall be eliminated. (il) Racks shall be equipped With handles so located with reference to the frame of the rack that no part of the operator's hands extends beyond the outer edge of the frame when holding onto the handles. (HI) Antifriction bearing casters shall be used to give the operator better control of the rack. (iv) End guards shall be used at shelf levels on proofing racks. (7) Conveyers. (i) Wherever a conveyor passes over a main aisleway, regularly occupied work area, or passageway, the underside of the conveyor shall be completely enclosed to prevent broken chains or other material from falling in the passageway. (ii) Stop bumpers shall be installed on all delivery ends of conveyors, wherever manual removal of the product carried is practiced. (Hi) Where hazard of getting caught exists a sufficient number of stop buttons shall be provided to enable quick stopping of the conveyor. (8) Overhead rail systems. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (i) Handles for operating devices for trol ley switches which hang less than 6 feet 8 inches from the floor shall be of pliable material. (ii) Floor scales. Nonshatterable trans parent material shall be used to cover dials. (9) Dough chutes. The entrance to the chute shall be guarded so as to protect the employee from falling into chute, stepping into chute, or tripping over too low an edge of the chute. (10) Skids. (i) All sharp corners or edges shall be eliminated on all metal skids. (ii) All edges and corners shall be pro tected on skids to - prevent exposed splinters. * (11) Ingredient ptemixon, emulsifiers, etc. (i) All top openings shall be provided witn covers attached to the machines. These covers should be so arranged and inter locked that power will be shutoff whenever the cover is opened to a point where the operator's fingers might come in contact with the beaters. (ii) Portable electrical agitators for ingredient premixers shall have the attachment cord so wired that the agitator will be grounded whenever it is connected to a source of power. (12) Chain tackle. (i) All chain tackle shall be marked prom inently, permanently, and legibly with maximum load capacity. (ii) All chain tackle shall be marked per manently, and legibly with minimum sup port specification. (iii) Safety hooks shall be used. (13) Trough hoists, etc. 1910.2630X13) 592.2 Change 1 1 1 5890 OCCUPATIONAL 8AFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I I ) > GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject Urm Section No. * Subject term Section No. Ceiling Workers' Soffoldc (in also Plasterers' Scaffold*)...................... 28(o) Chain Guarding .......................................219(f) Chang* Rooms: Asboatos ................................................93a(dX4> Drying Facilities ............................... I41<f) Separate Facilities ............................141(e) Charge Initiation .....................................109(*X4) Chemical Plants: (see also Refineries, Chemical Plants and Distilleries) .106<i) Chicago Boom Derricks: (see also Der ricks) .................................................. 181 Chicken Ladders: (see also Crawling Boards) ...............................................2tXt) Chute Openings ...................................... 23(aX3> Circular Resaws .................................... 213(e) Circular Saws .......................................... 213(f) Arbors ................................................... 213(sX4) Portable ................................................243(aXl> Clean Air. Spray Finishing .................94<cX7) Cleaning: Air Receivers........................................169 Bulk Oxygen Systems ...................... l04(bX8Xi) Compressed Air ................................. 242(b) Powder Coatings ................................ 107(lX4Xi),(ii) Powered Platforms.............................66<eX7) Respirators .......................................... 134(f)(3) Solvents ................................................ !07(gX5) Spray ..................................................... 94(dX5) Spray Booths .......................................107(bX9) Spraying Operations ........................l07(gX2) Cleaning Compounds ............................. 252(fXU) Degreasing .......................................... 252(fK 11 Kit) Manufacturer's Instructions...........252(001X0 Cleaning Solvents: Spraying ................................................l07(gX5) Clear Zones: Bulk Oxygen Systems ...................... l04(bX10) Industrial Plants ................................l06<eX9Xiv) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems ......... l03(cX6Xii) Processing Plants .............................. l06(hX8Xiv) Clearances: Cranes ....................................................l79(bX6). .l80(jXl) Derricks ................................................1810K5) Fixed Ladders .....................................27(c) Back ................................................. 27(cX4) Climbing Side ................................. 27(cXl) Grtb Bars .........................................27(cX5) Hatch Covers ................................. 27(cX7) Step-Acrost Distance .................... 27(cX6) With Cages or Baskets ...............27(cX3) Without Cages or Wells ...............2?(cX2) Manlifts ................................................68(bXll) Spraying Discharges ........................l07(dX8) Sprinkler Systems ............................. 159(e) Stairs ..................................................... 24(i) Clothing, Protect!vo: (aee alee Personal Protective Equipment).................. 252(eK3) Asbestos ................................................93a(dX3) Change 1 Electrical .............................................. 137 Eye ......................................................... 133 face ....................................................... 133 Footweer ..............................................13$ Goggle* ..................................................133 Heed ..................................................... 135 Helmet! ................................................135 Rubber ..................................................137 Storage ..................................................107(gX4) Welder, ..................................................252(eX3> Clatehee........................................................217(bX3).(7) Definition ..............................................180UX19) Power Transmission Apparatus . ,219<k) Coatings, Spray: Dual Component ............................... 107(m) Organic Peroxide ............................... 107(m) Powder ..................................................107<l> Undercoetings .....................................107(10 Collere ....................................................... 2l9(i* Color Codee: Air Contaminants .............................. 134(gX6) Danger .................................................. 144(eXlXii) Effective Dates ...................................149 Fire Protection ................................... 144(aXlXi) Ges Mask Canisters .......................... 134(gX6) Physical Haiarda, Colon.................. 144(a) Black .................................................. 144(aX7) Blue .................................................... 144(aX3) Green ................................................ 144(eX4) Orange ...............................................144(K2) Purple .................................................144(aX6) Red ......................................................144(eXl) White .................................................. 144(eX7) Yellow ................................................144UX3) Respirator! .......................................... 134(gX6) Specifications ...................................... 144(b) Standards Sources ........................... 144(b). .147 Stop ........................................................144(aXlXm) Combustible Dusts. Trucks Used ... ,!78(cX2Xvi) Combustible Liquids: (see Flsmmsbl* sad Combustible liquids).............. 106 Effective Dstes ...................................iw Standards Sources ........................... 115 Combustible Materials: Welding ................................................. 252(dX2) Commercial Stepladders. Type (I .. .25(cX2Xiii) Communicable Diseases Reporting: Labor Camps ...................................... 142(1) Communications. Emergency: Type F Powered Platforms............. 66(cX23> Type T Powered Platforms .............66(dX7) Compressed Air, Cleaning...................242(b) Compressed Air Equipment: (aee alto Compressed Gas Equipment) Air Receivers....................................... 169 Comprise ad Gas Cylinders: (see also Compressed Gaaea)........................ 252(aX2) Acetylene Cylinders.......................... 166(c) 1 5891 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEAL' SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. . Subject term Section No. Aluminum Cylinders .......................... l66(dM4) Approval ...................................................252(aX2Xi) Cargo Tanks .............................................168 Definitions .................................................166(a) Containers. Liquefied Petroleum Gases..................................................... .110 Accessories............................................. .lI0(bX7);(cX6); (dX3),(8);(eX5) Inspection.............................................101(a), .166 High Pressure ................................. -166(e) Low Pressure ................................. 166(c),(d) Manifolding ........................................... .252(a)(3) Markings ............................................... .252(aK2Xi) Operating Procedures .................... .252(aX2Xv) Oxygen Manifolds ............................ .252(aM3Xii).(iii) Portable Tanks .................................. .168 Public Protection .............................. .101(0, .252(aX8) Safety Relief Valves ...................... .167, .168 Standards Sources .......................... .166(bXl)(ii), .170 Storage ................................................... .167. .168, .252(aX2Xii)-(iv) Compressed Gas Equipment: (see Com pressed Gas Cylinders) Compressed Gases: (see also Com pressed Gas Cylinders)............... .101 Effective Dates .................................. .114 Handling ............................................... .101(b) Safety Relief Devices ...................... .101(0, .167, .168 Standards Sources .............................. 115 Storage ...................................................... 101(b) Conductors: Cranes ........................................................ I79(g)<ixiv).<6) Confined Spaces. Welding .......................252(dX4).(eX4) Beryllium ...................................................252(f)(8) Cadmium .................................................. 252(fX9)(ii) Electrode Removal ..............................252(e)(4Xv) Fluorine Compounds ............................252(fX5) Gas Cylinder Shutoff .......................... 252(eX4)(vi) Lead ............................................................. 252(fX7)<i).(iii> Lifelines .................................................... 252(eX4)(ivi Mercury .................................................... 252(0(10) Ventilation .............................................. 252(eH4)(iiU0'4 Awaiting Use or Resale ................ .110(0 Capacity................................................... .ll0(dX6).(eX10), (hX5) Charging Plants ................................ . 110(d)( I D Construction ......................................... .110(6x3) Cylinder Systems ............................... .110(c) Accessories ....................................... .110(0X6) Indoor ................................................. . 110(cX5) Markings ........................................... . 110(cX2) Outdoor ............................................ .110(cH4) Valves ................................................. 110(c)(6) Filling Densities ................................ .110(bMl2) Fire Protection .................................. .ll(XdK14> Fittings..................................................... .110(bX8):(eX6): (*XlOWhX7),(9) Hoses ....................................................... -llCHbXi)) Industrial Plants ............................... .llCHdMl.') Installation ........................................... .il(KeX4MhX6) Lighting ................................................. .110(dXl6) Location ................................................. . 110(b)(6).(f)(5) Markings ............................................... . 110(b)(5).(c)<2) Non-DOT Containers ...................... .110(d) Accessories .. ............................ . 110(d)(3) Capacity ............................................. . 110<dX6) Installation ....................................... ilO(dKT) Pipes ................................................... . 110(dX3) Pressure. Design ........................... 110(d)(2) Reinstallation ................................. .110(d)(5) Safety Relief Devices ................ 110(d)(4) Valves ................................................. .110(d)(3) Original Testing ................................. .110(b)(4) Painting ................................................. . 110< d X15) Piping ..................................................... .ll(XbX8).(dX3). (eX6),(gX10)^hXS Pressure Design ................................. .110(d)(2),(eic'.i Safety Relief Devices .................... .110(bH10).(cx7i, (d)(4).(e)(7). Warning Signs ...................................... 252(eX4)(vii) Zinc ............................................................ 252(fM6Xi) Containers: (see also Tank Storage. Portable) Tubing............................... Valves............................... <gM7),(h)(4) 110(b)(8),(eX6), (gXlO) IKKbXlUcM), Ammonium Nitrate .............................. 109(iX3) Bulk Oxygen Systems ......................... 104<bX4).(6) Vaporizers...................... (dX3),(eX5),(g)(6), 110(bXll),(dX17) Gaseous ................................................. 104(b)(4Xiii) (eX8) Liquid .................................................... 104(b)(4Xii> Bulk Plants ............................................ 106(f) Flammable Liquids, Filling............. 106(fX2XiiiXc) Welding .......................... Controllers: Cranes ............................ .110(b)( 4 > . 179(g)M Gaseous Hydrogen Systems ............103(bXlXi) Guarding .................................................. 212(a)(4) Conveyors: Bakeries ........................ Incidental Storage .............................. 106(eX2)(ii) Indoor ........................................................ 106(dX5xii) Industrial Plants .................................. 106(e)(2Xii) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems ..........I03(c)(ixi) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............. 110 Dip Tanks .................... Electrostatic Spraying Forging Machines Hoop ................................ Sawmills ........................ . Ii>H<c m*i lo7i h ii 71 2 1><ij i 2l4io) jd.iK-x 1*) Spraying ..................................................... 107(e)(3U5) Welding, Gas .......................................... 252(a)(2) Spray Booths .............. 648 l')7i Ini ? i 1 5892 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No. Welding ..................................................252(dX2Xiii) Diameter Uniformity .................... -2l5(cK4) First Aid ................................................... 262(pp) Dimention* ....................................... 215(c)(8) Eye Flushing .......................................151(c) Driving .............................................. -215(cX7) Lsbor Camps .......................................142(10 Finish ................................................ .215(cX3) Pulpwood Logging ............................. 266(cXlXvii) General Requirements ................. -215(cXl) Standards Sources ............................163 Maintenance ..................................... .215(c)(9) Welding ..................................................252(1X13) Material ............................................ 215(cM2Xii) Fittings: (see Piping, Fittings and Tub Recess ................................................ .215(cX5) ing; Piping, Vaises and Fittings) Repairs .............................................. -215(cX9) Fixed Dry Chemical Extiagaiahers: Types .................................................. .215(cXlXiv) (see also Dry Chemical Undercut ......................................... .2l5(cX5) ) Extinguishers) ................................ .180 Fixed Industrial Stairs: (see Stairs, Fixed Industrial)............................... 24 Fixed Ladders: (aae Ladders, Fixed). .27 Flammable and Combustible Liquids: Application .......................................... 1060) Bulk Plants .........................................106(f) Chemical Plants ................................. 106(i) Containers ............................................ 106(d) Definitions ............................................ 106(a) Dip Tanks ............................................ 108 Distilleries ............................................ 106(i) Ignition Sotyces ................................. 106(bX6) Industrial Plants ............................... 106(e) Piping, Valves and Fittings ........... 106(c) Pressure Vessels ............................... 106(bXlXv) Processing Plants ............................. 106(h) Refineries ............................................ 106(i) Service Stations ................................. 106(g) Spray Finishing ................................. 107 Storage and Handling .................107(e) Conformance ............................... 107(eXl) Containers ................................... 107(eX3),(5) Hoses ............................................ 107<eX6) Flash Welding Equipment ................. .252(cX4) Fire Curtains ................................... .252(cX4Xii) Ventilation ....................................... .252(cX4Xi) Float Scaffolds ..................................... -28(u) Bearers Under Platforms ........... .28(uX3) Construction ..................................... ,28<uXl) Employee Occupancy .................... .28(uXl> Platforms .......................................... 28<uX*> Wood Edgings ................................. 28(uX4) Flooding, Tank Areas ........................ .106(bX6Xvi) Floor Loading ....................................... .22(d) Floor Openings (Holes) .................. ,. .23(a) Manlifts ............................................ 68(bX5),(7) Flooring: (see also Floor Openings: Floors) Type F Powered Platforms ......... .66<cX12) Type T Powered Platforms ......... .66(bX5Xiii).(d) Floors: Covers, Hinged ............................... .23(aX3Xi) Open-Sided ...................................... .23(c) Spray Booths ................................... 107(bX3) Flow Coatings ....................................... .108(hX2) Fluidised Beds ..................................... .107(1X7) Fluorine Compounds. Welding: (eee also Air Contaminants) ............... 252(fXlXvXc),(5) Grounding .....................................107(eX#),(eX#> Liquid Heaters ............................107(eX7> Liquid Transfer ..........................107(eX4) Foam Extinguishers. Dip Tanka ___ .108(gX3) Folding Ladder Scaffolds ................. .29(cX5) Folding Stairwsy Scaffolds ............... 29<cX4) PiP*1 .............................................. 107(eX6) Pump Relief ............................... 107(e)(8) Food Handling .................................... .141(h) Quantity .......................................107(eX2) Safety Relief Devices ...............107(eXS> Spraying Containers .................107(eX5) Storagu Containers ............................106(d) Storagp Tanks ..................................... 106(b).(d> Tanka ................................ 106(b),(d) Flammable Liquid Container Marking .144(aXlXii) Flammable Liquids: Effective Dates ................................... 114 Sawmills ................................................ 265(cX16> Standards Sources ............................116 Flammable Materials: Trucks Used .........................................178(cX2) Flrages. Abrasive Wheel Machinery . ,21S(aXS)fc) Balance ..................................................215(cX3) Foot Pedals, Power Presses .................217(bX4) Foot Protection ...................................... 136 Footwalka: Cranes ...................................................179(d) Forging Hammers ...................................218(a)(3) Foot-Operated Devices .................... 218(bX2) Gravity ................................................. 218(e) Air Lifts ..........................................218(eXl) Board Drop Hammers ................ 218(eX2) Keys .......................................................218(bXl> Power-Driven ...................................... 218(d) Cylinder Draining ..........................218(dX3) Pressure Pipes ............................... 218(dX4) Safety Cylinder Heads ................ 218(d)(1) Shutoff Valves ............................... 218(dX2) ..................................................215(eXlXv), Forging Machine Area ......................... 30(b) > ,, (cX8)XdX5) DM'Pn ................................................... 215(cX2Xi),(iii) Forging Machines: BiUet Shears ...................................... 218(jXl) Change 1 655 1 5893 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. Subjoct Urm Section No. Bottheading ..................................... .2l8(iXl) Conveyors ......................................... .2180X3) Definitions ......................................... 211(e) Effective Dates ................................ .220 Grinding ............................................ .2180X3) Hammers .......................................... .218(aX3).(b),(d).(e) Inspections ....................................... .2l8(aX2) Lead Use ........................................... .218UX1) Maintenance ..................................... .2l8(aX2) Presses .............................................. .2l8(aX3),(c),(fUg) Rivet Making ................................... .2180X2) Saws .................................................... .2180X2) Shot Blast ......................................... .2180X4) Standards Sources ........................ .22) Upsetters .......................................... .218(h) Forging Presses ................................. .218(f) Fork Tracks: (see also Powered Indus- trial Tracks)................................ .178 Fuel-Gas Systems: (see also Oxygen- Fuel Gas Systems)...................... 282(a) Fuels: (see also Refueling) Handling and Storage.................... .178(0 Furnishings: Egress ................................................ .37(1) Explosives ......................................... .37(1) Fusible Plugs: Cylinders .......................................... l7(bX2) Tanks .................................................. .168(bX3Xtx> Fusion Apparatus: (see Drying, Curing and Fusion Apparatus) G Gantry Craa,,: (*M also Orarkaad aad Gaatry Craaaa).................................17# Garage*. Gndcrcoating Operation* . 107(k) Garnatt Machinaa ................................... 262(f) Gaa Cylinder Inapoction ........................101(a) Gafiag Daikaa .......................................tlOfbXl#i Gaa Maak Caaiatara ............................... 134(f) Color Codaa ..........................................134(gX) Labeling ................................................134(g) Caiiaaa Hydrogen SyaUau: (aoo Hy- ^egen) GsseHne Powered Trucks .................... 178(bX8),<9) Genre ......................................................... 219(0 Gill Boxes ................................................262<k) Gin Pole Derricks: (see else Derricks) -181(a)(6) Gloves, Rubber Insulating .................... 137 Glue Spreedert .......................................213(r) Gogglee: (tee also Eye Protection: Eyo and Face Protection) ...................... 133 Grain Handling: Trucks Used ......................................... 178(cX2Xvi) Gravity Hammers ...................................218(e) Grinders: (see also Abrasive Wheel Machinery; Cutoff Wheels)......... .243(cX3).<4) Grinding, Forging Equipment ......... .2180X5) Grinding Machines: Cylindrical ........................................ .215(bX4) Flanges .............................................. .215(a)(3) Surface Grinders ........................... .215(bX5) Swing Frame Grinders ................. .215(bX6) Top Grinding ................................... .215(bX8) Work Rest ........................................ .215(aM4) Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing: Branch Pipes ................................... .94(bX3) Definitions ........................................ 94(bXl) Enclosure Design ........................... 94(bX5) Exhaust Systems .......................... .94(bX4) Hoods ................................................. ,94<bX3).(5) Grinding, Top ...................................... .215(bX8) Grounding: Bulk Oxygen Systems ....... .......... .104<bX7Xiv) Circuits .............................................. .314* Electrostatic Sprayire ................ .IO70IX5MIX6M7) Hand Spraying .. ................. .1O70X5H7) Ignition Sources . ................. l07feX9> Liquefied Hydrogen .>stems -- .103(cX4Xiv) Liquid Transfer ............................. .107(eX9) Methods ............................................ .314(e) Spray Booths ................................... ,107(hX10) Spraying Operations ...................... .107(cX9),(eX9), X5M7) Welding................................................ .252(bX3Xii), (4Xui): (cX2Xix)^3Xvi) Woodworking Tools ........................ .243(aX5) Guarding: (eee alee Term To Which It Applies) .......................................... .2U-.222 Abrasive Wheels, Portable ......... .243(c) Floor Openings (Holes) ................. .23(a) Hatchways ...................................... .23(aX3) Ladderways ....................................... .23(aX2) Machinery ........................................ 2U-.222 Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus .................................... 219(m) Clutches ............................................219(k) Friction Drives ...............................219(g) Prime Movers .................................219(b) Pulleys ............................................. 219(d) Open-Sided Floors ............................. 23(c) Platforms ..............................................23(c) Powered Tools. Portable .................. 243 Railings ................................................23(e) Runways ..............................................23(c) Skylight ............................................... 23<aM4) * Spraying Equipment............... .I07(hx)f Stairways ................ ..........................,,*3<aMl>.ul) Wall Openings (Holes) ....................'.23(b) Guardrails: Definitions ............................................21(0(10) Manlifts .................................................... 68(bK8Xi).(lOXiv) Power Transmission Apparatus . .219<ok5) Removable ............................................23<aX3) 656 1 5894 1 ) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTESPHETATION8 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS ANO INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No. Type F Powered Platforms .............66(cX).(ll) Working Platform* ...........................66(cX9> Working Surfaces ............................ 22(c) Guardrails. Scaffolds: (see Listing Under Specific Type Scaffold) Guards: (see also Gutrdraila) Derricks..................................................l81(jHl> Hoisting Ropes ................................... 179(e)(5) Manlifts ................................................68<bX7)-(9) Moving Parts .......................................179(e)(6) Trucks ....................................................178(e) Guide Posts ..............................................217(d)(4) Gudgeon Pin ............................................ 181(aK20) Guy Derricks .......................................... 181(aX7) H Hammen. Forcing: (see Forcing Hammers) Hand Jointers .......................................... 214(s) Hand Spraying Equipment: (see Elec* troatatic Hand Spraying Equip* ment) Hand Tools ................................................242 Dead-Man Controls ............................243(aX2) Pulp and Paper Mills ...................... 261(cX13) Handholds: Manlifts ................................................68<cX4) Handling: (see also Materials Handling and Storage) Anhydrous Ammonia......................... ill Compressed Gases ............................. 101(b) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems ......... 103(cX2Xiii) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 110 Liquids .................................................. 106(hX4) Service Stations ..................................HXXgXl) Handrails ..................................................24(h) Cranes .................................................... 179(dX3),(4Xii) Mobile Ladder Stands ...................... 29<fX4) Hangers ..................................................... 219(pX4) Hardening Tanks ..................................... I08<hxi) Hatchway# Curding ............................. 23(a)(3) Hazardous Material#: Acetylene ..............................................102 Anhydrou# Ammonia ........................ill Blasting Agent# .................................109 Bulk Oxygen Systems ......................104 Combustible Liquids .......................... 108-.108 Compressed Gases ............................. 101 Dip Tanks ............................................ 10* Effective Dates ...................................U4 Explosives ............................................ 109 Flammable Liquids ............................ 106-.108 Hydrogen ..............................................103 Liquefied Petroleum Gases .............110 Nitrous Oxide '..................................103 Oxygen ................................................. 104 Spray Finishing ................................. 107 Spraying Operations ........................107(gX6) Standards Sources ........................... 113 Storage and Handling: Anhydrous Ammonia .................... Ill Liquefied Petroleum Gases ... .110 Trucks Used ........................................ 178tcK2) Hazards: Guide Posts ........................................ 2l7(dX4) Personnel ..............................................217<bXl) Head Charring Machines ...................... 214(m) Head Protection ...................................... 185 Head Sanding Machine# ........................214(r) Head-Up Machine# .................................214(1) Heading Bolt Saws .................................214(a) Headroom: Egress ................................................... 37<i) \ Heating: Dip Tanks ............................................108<cXlfc Heating Equipment ............................... 177(fXli(2) Bulk Plants ........................................ 106(fX2Xii) Service Stations .................................106(gX6) Helmet# ..................................................... 135. .232(eK2), 266(0X1 Hui) High Presur# Cylinders: Inspection: Exterior ............................................166(eX3) Preparation .................................... 166(eX2) Specification ........................................ 166<exn Hinged Floor Cover# ............................ 23<aX3Xi) Hoist Limit Switches ........................... 179(nX4) Hoisting Equipment: Cranes ................................................... 179(eX5Mh) Powered Platforms .......................... 66<eX8) Rope Guards ...................................... 179<eX5) Type F Powered Platforms ............. 66(cX17M20) Type T Powered Platforms .............66(dX3).<5) Holding Brakes ...................................... l?9(fX2> Holes: (se# also Floor Openings (Holes): Wall Openings (Hole#)). .23 Hooks: Cranes ................................................... 179(hX4) Derricks ............................................... l8l(jX2) Hoop Machines: Coiling ................................................... 214(t) Conveyors ............................................214(o) Drivers ................................................. 214(q) Elevators ..............................................214(o) Expanding ............................................214(v) Flaring ................................................. 214(v) Punching ............................................. 214(t) Ring Removers ...................................214(n) Riveting ............................................... 2l4(u) Trussers ............................................... 214lq) Horse Scaffolds ...................................... 28<ni) Cross Bracing .................................... 28(mX3) Guardrails ............................................28(mX7) Height ...................................................2S(mMl> 657 v 1 5895 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No. Member Dimensions .........................28<mX2) Spacing .................................................28(mX3),(4) Hoeee: (tee Standpipe and Hoae Sys tem*) ............. ..................................158(b) Flammable Liquids ............................10?(eX6) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ..............110(b)(9) Semiconductors ....................................109UX12) Welding and Cutting ........................ 252faX5) Hot Sources .............................................. 107(cX3) Hours of Transfer. Explosives ........... 109(fX5) Household Stepladders. Type III ... .25(cX2]giv) Housekeeping ...........................................141(a)(3) Asbestos ................................................93a(d) Flammable Liquids ............................106(eX9) Walking-Working Surfaces .............22(a) Hydraulic Barkers ................................. 261(eK14) Hydraulic Equipment ............................. 217(bXtl) Hydrogen ....................................................103 Definitions ............................................ 103(aXl) Effective Dates ................................... 114 Gaseobs Hydrogen Systems ............l03(aX2Xi),(b) Clear Zone .......................................103(bXSXii) Containers .......................................103(bXlXi) Design ................................................103(bXi) Equipment Assembly .................. 103(bXlXiv) Fittings ............................................ 103<bXlXHi) Inspection ......................................... 103(bX5) Location ............................................ 103(bX2) Outdoor .........................................103(bX3Xi) Separate Buildings .................. 103(bX3Xii) Special Rooms ............................103(bX3Xiii) Maintenance ...................................103(bX5) Markings .......................................... 103(bXlXv) Operating Instructions ................. 103(bX4) Piping ................................................103(bXlXm> Safety Relief Devices .................. 103(bXlXii) Testing ..............................................103(bXlXvi) Tubing ..............................................103(bXlXiii) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems ......... 103(aX2Xii). .103(c) Clear Zone ...................................... i03ftX5Xit) Containers .......................................103(cXlXi) Design ................................................ 103(cXl) Electrical Systems ........................103(cXlXix) Equipment Assembly .................. 103(cXlXvi) Fittings .......................................... 103(cXlXv) Grounding ........................................ 103(cX4Xiv) Inspection ........................................ 103(cXSXi) Location .............................................103(cX2) Outdoor ........................................ 103(cX3Xi) Separate Buildings .................. 103(cX3Xii) Specisl Rooms ........................... 103(cX3Xiii) Maintenance ................................... 103(cX5) Markings .......................................... 103<cKlXiii) Operating Instructions ................. 103(cX4) Attendants ...................................103(eX4Xii) Security ........................................ !03<cX4Xiii> Piping ..............................................103(cX1Xv) Safety Relief Devices .................. 103(cMlHiv) Supports ....................................... -103(cXlXii) Testing .......................................... .103(cXlKvii) Tubing .......................................... .103(cXlXv) Vaporisers ..................................... .103(cXlXvUi) Standards Sources ........................ .115 Hydrostatic Teats: (see also Testing) Fire Extinguishers ........................ .15?(dX4) Piping ................................................ .106(oX7) Standpipe and Hose Systems ... .158(dXl) I Ignition Sources: Bulk Plants .................................... .106<fX6) Dip Tanks ........................................ .108(c) Industrial Plants............................. .106UX6) Powder Coatings ................. ........ .107(1X1) Processing Plants .......................... .106<hX7) Service Stations ............................. .106(fX8) Spraying Operations .................... 107ft) Combustible Residues ............... .107(cX5) Conformance ............................... .107(cXl) Electrical Wiring ........................ .107(cX4).(6) Grounding ..................................... 107(cX9) Hot Sources ................................. 107(cX3) Lamps ............................................ 107(cX7),(8) Separation Minimum ................ 107(cX2) Storage Tanks ................................. .106(b)(6) Illumination: (see Lighting) Indoor Storage .................................... .177 Effective Dates ............................... .182 Rooms ................................................ .106(dX4) Standards Sources* ........................ .183 Industrial Plants: Flammable and Combustible Liquids......................................... .106(e) Application ................................... .l06(eXl) Electiical Systems .................... .106(eX7) Fire Protection ........................... .106(eX5) Housekeeping ............................. .l06(eX9) Incidental Storage .................... .106(eX2) Ignition Sources ........................ .106(eX6) Loading ........................................ .!06(eX4) Maintenance ............................... .106(eX9) Repairs. Equipment .................. .106<eX8) Use in Physical Operations ... .106(eX3) Liquefied Petroleum ...................... .llCKdX12).(fX4) Industrial Stepladders. Type I ....... .25(cX2Xii) In-Plant Traffic Signs ........................ 145(dX8) . Inaect Control ...................................... .141UX5) Labor Camps ............. ..................... .1420) Inspection: (see also Term To Which It Applies) Compressed Gas Cylinders ......... .101(a). .166 Cooperage Machinery .................. .214(w) Cranes.................................................. .179(j). .180(d) 658 Change t OCCUPATIONAL SAJTTY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS I Subject term Section No. Subject term Section Ns. II Shaker* .............................................. 264(cX2Xivj Starching Machines ...................... -264(cX2Xi) .114 Electrical Equipment.................... .ll<XbX17),(18); Ventilation ....................................... .264(cX4Xii) (hX13) Washroom Machines .................... 284(cXl> Engines in Buildings .................. .110(eXll),(12) Lavatories .............................................. .141(dX2) II Lawit Mowers. Power ........................ .243(e) Definitions ......................................... .241(0 Equipment Approval .................. .U<XbX2) Fire Extinguishers ...................... .ll(XgX14) Fire Protection............................... .ll<XdX14),(fX7). General Requirements ................. -243(cXl) Riding Rotary ................................. .243<eX2),(4) Walk-Behind ..................................... .243(eX2),(3) Lead ....................................................... .252(1X7) Concentration ................................. .261(gX15Xiv) Confined Spaces .............................. .252(fX7Xi),(iii) Forging Machines .......................... .218UK1) Indoors .............................................. .252(fX7Xii),(iii) Ventilation ....................................... .252(fX?Xiii) Leakage. Bulk Oxygen Systems .... .104(bX2Xiii) Levers. Hand-Operated ...................... .217(bX5) Lifelines: (see also Safety Belts) Fuel Handling and Storage ___ Gaging Devices ............................. Garaging Vehicles ........................ Handling ........................................ Liquid Level Gaging Device ... Liquid Transfer ............................ Loading .......................................... Motor Fuel ..................................... Odorizing Gases .........................., Pits and Drains ........................... Regulating Equipment................. (hX14) .178(0 .110<bK 19) .lHXeXU) .110 .U(XbX19) .IKXbXU) ll(XbX15) .110(e) .IHXbXl) .ncxdxm.lKXbXOrfeXS); Confined Spaces ............................. .252(eX4Xiv) Crawling Boards ............................ 28UX2) Powered Platforms ........................ .66(dX9) Welding .............................................. .252(eX4Xiv) Chicken Ladders ............................ .28(tX2) Lighting: (see also Lamps) Container Areas .............................. .lHXdXIS) Cranes ................................................ 179(cX4),(gX7i Exits and Exit Signs .................... .37(q) Labor Camps ................................... .142(g) Laundries ......................................... .264(0(2X0 Machinery. Basement Areas .... .219(cX5) Indoor .......................................... Location ...................................... Outdoor ...................................... Sawmills .......................................... Service Stations ........................... Standards Sources ...................... Storage .......................................... Tank Car Loading ........................ Transport Trucks .......................... Trucks .............................................. Trucks Conversion ........................ (dX);(.X .U0(cX5) .llCKbX6) .1 1CKcX4) .265(eX14) .110(h) .115 .110 . 110(bK 15) . 1 l(XbK 15) ,178(bX10).(ll) 178(d),(qX12) Manlifts ............................................ .68(bX6Xiii).(14) Operating Areas. Industrial Trucks .178(h) Pulp and Paper Mills ................. 261(bX7)AeX10), (VX21) Liquid Fuels: Handling and Storage .................. .178(0 Heating Systems ............................ .177(0(5) Liquid Heaters. Spray ...................... .107(eX7) Pulpwood Harvesting .................... .266(eX15) Liquid Transfer Sawmills.............................................. 266(cX5Xiii)X9). (23Xiii) Spray Booths ................................... .107(bX10) Storage Areas................................... .1770X1), .178(h) Lighting Receptacles: Cranes ................................................ .179(gX7) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems: (see HydrefMO Liquefied Ntrslsia Gases: (see also Container*. Llqoened Petroleum Gases) .............................................. .110,.168(bX3Xx) Appliances ........................................ ,llCKbM20) Attendant ......................................... .IKXbXU) Buildings: Engines Use ............................... .110(eXll).(12) Industrial Trucks ...................... .U0(eX13) Inside Storage ........................... Piping Into ................................... Commercial V'ehicles .................... .110(g) Condensed Gas Qnps .................... .ll(XdX9) Definitions ........................................ .110(a) Effective Dates ............................... .110(bX19Xi). Anhydrous Ammonia .................... lll(bX12),(0(6) Flammable Liquids ........................ .107(eX4),(9) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ......... -llCKbXH) Load Handling: Crawler. Locomotive and Truck Cranes.......................................... .180(h) Attaching ..................................... .180(hX2) Holding............................................ .180(hX4) Moving .......................................... .180(hX3) Size ................................................ .180(hXl) Derricks ............................................ .181 Attaching .................................... .18l(iX2) Boom Securing ........................... 181(iX6) Holding .......................................... .181(1X4) Moving .......................................... .181(iX3) Size ............................................... .181(1X1) Winch Heads ............................... .1810X5) Overhead and Gantry Cranes ... .I79(n) Attaching ..................................... .l79(nX2) Hoist Limit Switches ............... .179(nK4) Moving .......................................... .179(nM3) Size ............................................... .!79(nXl) 641 1 5897 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Sublet urm Section No. | Subject Urm S^tion No. Load Ratings: Cranes ................................................... 180(c) Derricks ................................................181(c) Overhead and Gantry Cranes ... .179(bX5) Powered Platforms ........................... 66(cX7) Loading: Bulk Plants ........................................ 106(f)(3) Explosives ............................................ 109(e)(3) Industrial Plants ............................... 106(e)(4) Liquefied Petroleum Gases .............ll(XbX15) Processing Plants .................. . .106(hX5) Scaffolds ................................................29(aX2) Locomotive Cranes: (see also Crawler. Locomotive and Truck Cranes) . .180 Log Handling: (see also Sawmills) .. .265(d) Looms .........................................................262(n) Low Pressure Cylinder Inspection . .I66(c).(d) Exterior ................................................!66(cX3).(dX4) Fire Damage ...................................... 166(cX3Xx) Hydrostatic Testing ..........................166(d) Interior ..................................................166(dX3) Preparation .......................................... 166(cX2),(dX2) Rejection ..............................................l66(cX3Xi) Low Pressure Tanks .............................. 106(bXlXiv) LP*Gases: (see Liquefied Petroleum Gases) Lumber Handling ...................................265(cX27).(28) Lunchrooms ..............................................141(g) Location ................................................ l41(gXl).<2) Waste Disposal Containers .............141(g)(3) M Machine Guarding: (see Machinery) Guarding) Machined?) Guarding ........................... 211-222 Abrasive Wheel Machinery .............215 Anchoring Fixed Machinery ......... 212(a).(b) Bakeries ................................................263(c) Barrels ................................................. 212(aX4) Blades Exposure ................................212(aX5) Calenders ............................................. 216 Containers ............................................ 2l2(aX4) Cooperage Machinery ...................... 214 Definitions ............................................ 211 Drums ....................................................2l2(aX4) Effective Dates ...................................220 Forging Machines ............................. 218 General Requirements .................... 212(aK2) Laundries ........... ............... ...............264(eXl) Mills .......................................................216 Point of Operation ............................2l2(aX3) Power Pre.sses .................................... 217 Power Transmission Equipment.. .219 Standards Sources ........................ .221 Types ..................................................... 212UXI) Woodworking Machinery ................ 213 Machines: Abrasive Wheels .................................. 215 Cooperage .................................................214 Definitions .................................................211 Forging .......................................................218 Laundry .................................................... 264 Mills and Calenders ............................ 216 Power Transmission, Mechanical. .219 Presses. Mechanical ............................ 217 Textiles ...................................................... 262 Woodworking .......................................... 213 Magasines. Explosives .............................. 109(cX2) Class I ..................................................... 109(cX3) Class II ................................................... 109(cX4) Class 11! ...................................................109(cX5) Maintenance: (see also Term To Which It Applies) Bulk Oxygen Systems .........................104(bX10) Cranes.......................................................... 17*1), .180(f) Derricks .................................................... 181(f) Egress......................................................... 36(d), .37(k) Fire Alarm Systems ............................ 163(c) Fire Extinguishers: Carbon Dioxide .................................. 16t(bX2) Dry Chemical .................................... I60(cx2) Portable ................................................ 158(dX3) Gaseous Hydrogen Systems ............. l03(bK5) Industrial Plants ................................... 106(eK9) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems .......... 103(cX5) Powder Coatings .................................. 107(1X4) Powered Industrial Trucks ..............I78(q) Powered Platforms ...................... 66(eK6) Processing Plants ................................ 106(h)(8) Respirators .............................................. 134(f) Safety Relief Devices ........................ 167(bM-5). .168(b)(4) Sprinkler Systems ................................ 159(d) Type F Powered Platforms ..............66(c)(5) Manifolding Gas Cylinders ....................252(aX3> Fuel-Gas .................................................... 252(aX3>0> Operating Pvocedures ........................252< ax 3>(v > Oxygon ...................................................... 252iaX3)(m.imi Portable Outlet Headers ..................252<aX3)(iv> Manholes ........................................................ 23(ax6i Manlifts .................... 7...................................68 Application ............................................ 68(bM 1) Belts ..........................................................68(cxlxii) Brakes ........................................................ 68<c>(lxi) Clearances ................................................68<bx 11) Definitions ................................ ............68(a) Design ........................................................68(bX3) Exit Protection ......................................68(bX8) Floor Openings ................................ '. .68<bK5u7) General Requirements ......................68(b) Guardrails ................................................68(bx8xul0xiv> Guards ...................................................... 68<bx?).9> Handholds ................................................68(cX4) Inspections ..............................................68(e) Instruction Signs .............................. 68icx7i Ladders ....................................................68<bHl2> Change l 1 1 5898 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I general industry standards and interpretations Subject term Section No. Subject term Section No. Finishing Rooms .............................. .261(1) Trails ....................................................... .266<eX15)-(18) Floors .................................................... .261(b)(3) Transport: Guards ................................................... .261(bXl) Personnel ..................................... 266(eX8> I Hand Tools ........................................... .26 UcX 13) Trucks ............................................ .266(eX9) Handling ............................................... .26l(c),(d) Work Areas ..................................... .266(0X4) Lighting ................................................ .261(6X7),(cXlO). Pumps, Gasoline: (see also Service (kX21) Ststioae).......................................... 106(gX3),(4) Lockouts ................................................. .261(b)(4) Machine Rooms ................................ .261(k) Materials Handling .......................... .261(m) R Mechanical Pulp Processes .......... .261(0 Personal Protective Clothing ----- .261(bK2) Personal Protective Equipment . .261(6X2),(dXl) Platforms ............................................... ,261(bX3) Puipwood: Preparation .................................... .261(e) Removal ............................................. .261(cX14) Rags and Old Paper ...................... .261(f) Safe Practices .................................... .261(b) Signs: Conveyors ......................................... .261(cX16) Traffic ................................................. .261(cX9) Standards Sources .......................... .261(aX3),(4); .268 Stock Preparation ............................ .261(j) Storage ................................................... .261(c).(d) Chocking Rolls .............................. .261(d)(4) Clearances ...................................... .261(d)(2) Piling ................................................... .26l(dX3) Tanks ....................................................... ,26l(bX5) Traffic Warning Signs .................... .261(0X9) Trucks. Industrial Powered ........ .261(bX6) Puipwood Logging ................................ .266 Radial Saws .......................................... '213(h) Radiation: Ionizing ............................................... 96 Nonionizing ........................................ 97 Radiation Warning Signs ......................145(dX3),(fX7) Radioactive Materials: Packaged ....................................... . .96(h) Storage ................................................. 96(j> * Rail Clampe ..............................................179(bX4k Rail Sweeps........................ .18(XiXl)' ........... 179(eX4) Railroad Cara........................................... l76..178(kX2M4) Explosives ............................................109(f) Ramps: Egress ................................................... 37(j) Rated Load Markings: Cranes ................................................... 179(bX5) Derricks ............................................... 181(cX2) Rated Load Test: Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes ............................................. !80(eX2) Overhead and Gantry Cranes ... .179(kX2) Bundles ................................................. .266(eX13) Chain Saw Operations .................. 266(cX5) Recordkeeping Asbestos................................................ 93aOUiX6) Chipping ................................................. .266(eX14) Building Inspection........................... .66(e)(3) Definitions ............................................ .266(b) Communicable Diseases................... 142(1 Xl)*(2) Effective Dates ................................... .266(f) Cranes Environmental Conditions ............ .266(cX3) Crawler, Locomotive................... 180(dX2)&(6),(e) Equipment Operations .................. .266<cK6) and Truck (2),(gXl)*(2) Equipment Protective Devices . - .266(d) Overhead and Gantry................... 179(kX2),(mXl)4<2) Explosives ............................................. .266<cX7) Derricks................................................ 181(gXl)*(3) First Aid ............................................... .266<cXlXvii) Fire Extinguishers Hand Tools ........................................... .266(cX2) < Harvesting ........................................... .266(e) Fixed Dry Chemical..................... l60(cXlXiii) Portable Bucking ............................ ............ .266(eX3) Hydrostatic Teat DaU............ 157(dX4XvUi) Debarking ........................................ .266(eX5) Recharge Date.......................... l57(dX3Xv) Felling ............................................... .266(eXl).(2) Forging Equipment Inspection ... .218(a)(2) Limbing ............................................. .266(eX4) Injury Reporting, Welding ............... 252(0(13) Prehauling ....................................... .266(eM6).(7) Ionizing Radiation Exposure............ 96(m),(oMr) Skidding ............................................. .266<eX6M7) Labor Camps........................................ 142(1X1)4(2) Loading: Liquid Storage Tanka, Class I..........106(gXlX8) Machine ............................................ .266(eXil) Manliftt ................................................ 68(e)(3) Manual ............................................... .266(eX10) Mechanical Power Presses.................217(eXD Noise Exposure ................................ 266(cX lXvi) Personal Protective Equipment 266(cXlXiMv) Mine Workers Radiation Exposure...........................................96(rX3)&(4) < Roads .................. ................................ .266(eX15W18> Standards Sources .......................... .268 Personal Monitoring Asbestos...........................................93a(iXl) Storage .................................................. 266(eX12) Ionizing Radiation........................96(n) 669 1 5899 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject terra Section No. Subject term Section No. Power Platforms Inspection............ .66<X3) Power Piwsses Inspection................... 217(eXl) Radiation Exposure............................ 96(bX2XiliMmXl) (n),(oXl) Records Disclosure, Ionising Redittion...................... .96(oXl) Respirator*.......................................... .l34(eX2UfX2XN) Welding Operations......................... .2S2(cX6UfX13) Record*. Asbestos ............................................ .93a(i).(JX6) Ionising Radiation ........................ .96<m),(n) Mechanical Power Presses ......... .2l7(eXl) Refineries. Chemical Plants and Distilleries.......................................... .106(0 Application ....................................... .106(j) Fire Protection ............................... .1060X5) Pressure Vessels ............................ .1060X3) Process Unit Location .................. .1060X4) Storage Tanks ................................. .1060X1) Wharves ............................................ .1060X2) Refrigerated Containers: Anhydrous Ammonia .................... .111(d) Refrigeration Systems ........................ ,177(fX4) Refueling: Cranes ................................................ .1800X4) Derricks ............................................ .!81(jX4) Trucks ................................................ .l?8(pX2) Refute: Collection .......................................... .142(aX4) Disposal ............................................ .142(h) Receptacles ....................................... .141(a)(4) Relief Devices: (see Safety Relief Devices) Remote Gas Pumping Systems ....... .106(gK3Xv) Residue Disposal: (see Waste Disposal) Resistance Welding Equipment ........ .252(0 Capacitor Discharge Welding ----- .252(cK2Xii> Foot Switches ................................. .252(cX2Xvi) Grounding ........................................ .252(cX2Kix) Guarding ................................... ,252(cXlXiv). 252(cX2Xiv) Installation ....................................... .252(0(1X0 Interlocks ........................................ .252(cX2Xiii) Safety Pina ....................................... .252(cX2Xviii) Shields .............................................. .252(cX2Xv) Spot and Seam Welding ............... .252(cK2) Stop Buttons ................................... -252(cX2Kvii) Thermal Protection ........................ .252(cX lXii) Resistors: Cranes ................................................ .179(gX4) Respirators: (see also Gat Mask Canis ters) .................................................. .134 Abrasive Blasting .......................... .94(aXlXii).(aX5) Air Supply ...................................... .94(aX6), .134(d) Asbestos ............................................ .93a(dXl).(2) Cleaning ............................................ .134(bX5),(fX3) Color Codes ....................................... .134<gX6) Employer Provided ........................ .134(aX2) Identification ................................... .134(g) Inspection ............................................134<bX7)1(D Labeling ................................................134(g) Maintenance ........................................ 134(f) Minimum Acceptable Program .. .134(b) Open Surface Tanks ......................... 94(dX9Xvi) Pulp and Paper Mills ...................... 261(bX2),(3):(g) (2),(6),( 10),(15Xii) Repairs ................................................. !34(fX4) Selection ................................................ 134(c) Storage ................................................. !34(bX6).(fX5) Textiles ................................................. 262(qqX2) Training ............................................... 134(bX3) Use ......................................................... 134(e) Welding ..................................................252(fX4Xii).Oii>: (5Xu)X7XU)3(8)X9)Xl Respiratory Protection: (see also Resoirators)........................................ 134| Air Quality ..........................................94(aX6), .134(d) Air Supply .......................................... 94(40(6), .134(d) Gas Mask CanisterIdentification .134(g) Minimum Acceptable Program .. .134(b) Permissible Practices ........................134(aXl) Respirators.......................................... 134<aX2),(b),(c)k (e).(D Use .........................................................134(e) Ring Test ................................................. 215(dXl) Ripsaws ..................................................... 213(c). .214(d) Risers, Open ............................................24(j> Rodent Control ........................................ 141(a)(5) Labor Camps ...................................... 1420) Roll Coatings .......................................... 108(hK4) Rolling Scaffolds: (see Work Platforms, Mobile) Roof Care: Type F Powered Platforms .............66(c) Type T Powered Platforms .............66(dXl) Roofing Brackets ...................................28<s) Catch Platforms .................................28(sX3) Construction ........................................ 28< sX l) Supports ............................................... 28<sx2) Rope Inspections: Cranes ...................................................179(m). .180(g) Derricks ............................................... 181(g) Ropes: Cranes ................................................... 179(m). .180(g) Hoists ............................................... 179(hK2) Inspections ...................................... 179(m), .180(g) Running ............................................l79(mXl) Derricks ............................................... 181(g) Idle Ropes ...................................... 181(gX3)' Limited Travel ...............................181(gX2) Nonrotating Ropes .................... .l81(gX4) Running ..........................................\l81(gMl) Type F Powered Platforms ............66(cX20) Type T Powered Platforms ............66(dX5) Rotary Lawn Mowers ..........................243(e)<lX4) Rotating Work Platforms: (see also Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms) .67 670 Change 1 1 V 1 5900 OCCUPATIONAL SARTY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject Urn Section No. Subject Urn Section No. Rubber Industry: (eee elio Mill*. Rubber end Plenties Industry) Auxilisry Equipment ........................216(tX3),(bX3) Effective Deus ...................................216UX1U2); .220 IneUUetions: Existing ............................................21eX2) New ................................................... 21eXl) Mills end Celenders ..........................216 Stenderds Sources ........................... 221 Rubber Protective Equipment .............137 Rung Ledders. Portable ........................25<cX3> ExUnsion Trestle ............................. 25<cX3Xv) Generel Requirements .................... 25(cX3Xi) Sectional ..............................................25<cX3Xiv) Single ................................................... 25<cX3Xii> Trestle ................................................... 25<cX3Xv> Two-Section ........................................ 25<cX3Xiii) Running Ropes: Cranes ................................................... 179(mXt). .180(gXl) Derricks ................................................181(gXl) Runway Conductors: Cranes ................................................... 179<gX6) Runway Protection ................................. 23(c) s Safely Bella: (aee also Lifelines) Powered Platforms ............................66(dX8) Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills .361(bX5).(gX4).(l5) Scaffolding ............................................ 28<jX4),(nX8),(aX3)f (tX2).(uX6) Tanks ..................................................... 94(dXllXv) Welding ....... ..........................................252(eX4Xiv) Safety Color Codes: Effective Dates ...................................149 Standards Sources ............................147 Safely Devices: Ladders ................................................27(dXS) Safety Guard Design, Abrasive Wheel Machinery........................................... 215(aX2), 0>X10W12) Safety Insfeertlsa Sigma ...................... 14S(cX3).<dX6) Safety Relfef Devices: Bulk Oxygen Systems ...................... 104(bX6).(7Xii) Compressed Gas Cylinders .............16? Definitions .......................................167(a) Frangible Discs ............................. 167(bX2).(4Xiii> Fusible Plugs ................................. 167(bX2) Maintenance ...................................167(bX5) Requirements ................................. 167(bX4) Specifications ...................................167(bX3) Standards Sources ........................167(bXl).(3> Testing ..............................................167(bX3) Types ............. ................................. 167<bK2> Compressed Gases ............................. 107(eXHi Flammable Liquids ........................... I07(ex8) Gaseous Hydrogen Systems ...........I03(bxixii) Liquefied Hydrogen Systems ......... 103(cXlXiv) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ...........110(bXlO).(cX7), (dX4).(eX7). (gX7).(hX4) Non-DOT Containers ........................U(XdX4) Spraying ................................................107(eX8) Tanks. Cargo and Portable .............168 Definitions .......................................168(a) Fusible Plugs .................................!68(bX3Xix) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ... .l68(bX3) Maintenance ...................................168(bK4) Pressures .......................................... 168(bX3Xii) Requirements .................................l68(bX3) Specifications ...................................l68(bX2) Standards Sources..........................l68(bX2L .170 Testing ..............................................l68(bX2f Safety-Toe Footwear: (aee Foot Protec- r lion) * Sanding Machines.................................... 213<p), i43(aX3) Barrel ................................................... 214(p) Head ..................................................... 214<r> Sanitation ................................................. 141 Application .......................................... l41(aHl) Change Rooms ...................................141(e) Effective Dates .................................. 149 Food Handling ...................................141(h) Housekeeping ...................................... 141(aX3' Insect Control .................................... UHaXS) Lunchrooms ........................................ 141(g) Rodent Control ...................................l4l(aX5) Sawmills ............................................... 265(h) Standards Sources ........................... 14? Toilet Facilities .................................141(c) Vermin Control ...................................141(a)(5) Washing Facilities ............................. 141(d) Waste Disposal .................................. 141(a)(4) Water Supply ...................................... 141(b) Sawmills: Bins, Bunkers, Hoppers, and Fuel Houses .......................................... 26S(cX23) Lighting ............................................26S(cX23Xiii) Loading Bins ...................................265(cX23Xii) Blower Systems .................................265(cX20) Building Facilities ............................. 265(c) Docks ................................................. 265(cX4) . Emergency Exits ........................... 265(cX6) Fire Escapes .................................. 265(cK6) Floors ............................................... 265(cX3) Lighting ............................................265(cX9) Platforms ..........................................265(cX4) Stairways ........................................ 26S(cX5) Handrails .................................... 265(cX5Xii) Lighting ...................................... 265<cX5Xin) Tanks ............................................... 265(cX8) Vats ...................................................265(cX8) Change 1 671 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject urm Section No. Subject term Section No. Ventilation .......................................265(c)(7) Walkways ........................................ 265(c)(4) Work Areas .....................................26S(cX2) Burners ................................................ 265(cX29) Chemicals ............................................ 265(cX17) Chippers ................................................ 265(cX21> Conveyors .............................................265(cX18) Definitions ............................................ 265(b) Effective Dates ...................................265(j) Electrical Wiring ............................... 265(cX12) Exhaust Systems ............................... 265(cX20> Fire Protection ...................................265(i) Flammable Liquids ............................265(cXl6) Gas Piping and Appliances .............265(cX15) General Requirements .................... 265(a) Hydraulic Svstems ............................ 265(cX13) Kilns, Dry ............................................265(f) Ladders ................................................ 265(cX10) Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............. 265(cxl4) Log Breakdown ................................. 265(e) Log Handling. Sorting, and Storage .265(d) Barking Devices ........................... 265<dX4) Log Decks .........................................265(dX3) Storage Areas ................................. 26S(dX2) Unloading ........................................ 265(dXl) Unloading Areas ........................... 265(d)(2) Lumber: Loading ................................... .. .265(cX28) Piling ..................................................265(cX27) Storage .............................................. 265(cX27) Marking Physical Hazards .............265(cXU) Open Surface Tanks ..........................265(cXl7Xiii) Personal Protective Equipment . .265(cXl7Xii).(g) Power Transmission Apparatus . .265(cX22) Refuse Removal .................................265(cX20Xvi) Ropes. Cables, Slings, and Chains .265(eX24) Sanitation ............................................265(h) Stackers and Unstackers ................. 265(cX26) Standards Sources ........................... 265(aX2),(j); .268 Threshold Limits ............................... 265(cX17Xi) Traffic Control ...................................265(cX3l) Tramways ............................................265(cX19) Trestles ................................................. 265(cHl9) Vehicles ................................................265(cX30) Saws: Band ..................................................... 2l3(i) Band Resaws ...................................... 213(i> Barrel Stave Saws ........................... 214(c) Bolt Equalizer ...................................214(b) Circular ............................................... 213(f); .243(aXl) Circular Resaws ................................. 213(e) Cracked ................................................. 243(aX4) Cylindrical Saws ............................... 214(c) Drag .......................................................2l3(r) Equalizer ............................................. 214(b),(e) Forging Machines ............................. 218(jX2) Heading Bolt ...................................... 214(a),(c) inspection ............................................213(a) Radial ................................................... 213(h) Ripsaws ................................................ 213(c) Seif-Feed Equalizer .......................... 214(e) Stave Bolt ............................. .7..r._.214(b),(c) Swing Cutoff ...................................... 213(g) Table ..................................................... 213(d) Scaffolding: (see also Scaffolds) Safety Requirements ........................28 Scaffolds: (see also Ladder Stends List- lags by Names of Scaffolds) Boatswain's Chair ............................. 28<j) Bricklayers' Square ......................... 28(1) Carpenters' Bracket ......................... 28(k) Casters ................................................. 29(aX4) Chicken Ladders ............................... 28<t) Coupler ................................................. 28(c) Coupler. Mobile ...................................29<dF Crawling Boards ............................... 28(0. Decorators* .......................................... 28(o^ Design Loads ...................................... 29(a)(2) Float .....................................................28(u) Folding Ladder ...................................29(cX5) Folding Stairway ............................... 29(cX4) Horse ..................................................... 28(m) Interior Hung .................................... 28(p) Ladder-Jack ........................................ 28(q) Masons' Adjustable Multiple-Point Suspension ............... ...................... 28(f) Needle Beam ...................................... 28(n) Outrigger ............................................. 28(e) Plasterers' ............................................28<o) Roofing Brackets ...............................28(3) Ship .......................................................28(u) Single-Point Adjustable Suspen sion ................................................... 28(i) Standards Sources ........................... 31 Stone Setters' Adjustable Multiple Point Suspension ........................... 28(h) Suspension .......................................... 28<f).(g).( h).( i) Swinging ............................................. 28(g) Tube and Coupler .............................28(c) Tube and Coupler. Mobile .............. 29(d) Tubular Welded Frame ................... 28(d). .29(b) Tubular Welded Sectional Folding .29(0 B Two-Point Suspension ..................... 28(g) Wheels ...................................................29<aX4) Window-Jack ........................................ 28(r) Wood Pole ........................................... 28(b) Work Levels ........................................29<aX3) Work Platforms .................................29(a) Working Loads .................................. 29(a)(2) Scaffolda. Manual Mobile: (see also Work Platform.. Mobile Scaffolds) Sectional Rung Ladders ....................... 25(cX3Xiv) Self-Fed Equalizer Sews ......................214(e) Semigantry Cranes: (see Gantry Cranea) Separation Walls: (see also Distances From Hazards) Ammonium Nitrate ......................... 1090X5) 1 5902 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject term Section No. Subject term Seetien No. Systems Design .................................... y4(dX7) Slubbers .......................................... .2020) Vapot Degreasing ...... ..........................94(dXl2) Spinning Mules ............................. .262(g) Ventilation .............................................. 94<dX3),(7) Standards Sources ........................ ,262(*v2). .2660) Testing: Staple cullers ............................... .262(fT) Bulk Oxygen ...........................................!04(bX8Xv) Tanks, Open ................................... .262(11) Cranes .........................................................I7#k),.180(e) Tenter Frames ............................. .262ft) Derricks .................................................... 18(e) Tumblers ......................................... .262(cc) Fire Extinguishers: Ventilation ..................................... .262(rr) Portable ................................................ l57(dXl>.<4) Warpers .......................................... .2620) Dry Chemical .................................... 160(cX1) Workroom Ventilation ................. 262(rr) Carbon Dioxide .................................. l61(bXl) Worsted Drawing ............................ .262(1) Gaseous Hydrogen Systems ............ l03(bXlXvi) Toe Protection: (see Foot Protection) Liquefied Hvdrogen Systems ..........l03(cXlXvii) Toeboerds: Piping .........................................................106(cX7) Powered Platforms .............................. 66(e) Radiation Alarm .................................. 96(fX3) Safety Relief Valves .......................... 167(b)(3), .168(b)(2) Cranes ................................................ 179<dX3> j Definition .......................................... .21(aX9) Power Transmission Apparatus . .219(0X6) Powered Platforms ........................ .66(cXH)).(ll) Walking-Working Surfaces ...... .23<XJ3Xii).(e) Storage Tanks ........................................ 106(b)(7) Toilet Feeilitlee: (aee alee Toilet*) .. .141(e) V Textiles: And Carlm .......................................... 262(nn) Hlearlmur ...................................................262(p) Calenders.................................................... 262(ee) Catistus .................................................... 262(00) Construction ..................................... l41(cX2).(3) Labor Camps ................................... .142(d) Lavatories ....................................... 141(oX2) Mfnimum Numbers.......................... .141(cXi;<dX2) Clothing Folding Machines ...............262(gg) Color-Mixing Room........ ........................262(kk) Cotton Cards .......................................... 262(e) Cotton Combers .................................... 262(j) Definitions .................................................262(b) Drawing Frames .................................. 262(j) Drying Cans ............................................ 262(w) Di ving Tumblers .................................. 262(cc) Dyemg Jigs ...............................................262(u) Dye Vats .................................................. 262(mm> Extractors ................................................ 262(y) First Aid ...................................................262(pp) Flat Work Ironers ................................ 262(x) Folders. Overhead ................................ 262(jj) Folding Machines ................................ 262(gg) Garnet Machines .................................. 262(f) Gill Boxes ................................................ 262(k) Hand Boiling Machines .................... 262(hh) Kiers ...........................................................262(q) Lappora .................................................... 262(m) Looms ........................................................ 262(n) Mercerising Ranges ............................ 262(s) Nip Guards ...............................................262(ddXl).(v>,<*) Openers .................................................... 262(d) Padders .......................................................262(v) Personal Protective Equipment . .262(qq) Pickers .......................................................262(d) Power Transmission ............................ 219(a)(3) Printing Machines ................................ 262(dd) Rings Frames ........................................ 262(j) Roll Bench .............................................. 262(ii) Rope Washers ........................................ 262(bb) Safety Requirements .......................... 262(c) Sanforizing and Palmer Machines .262(aa) Shearing Machines .............................. 262(o) Slashers .................................................... 262(h) Seepage Pita ................................... -143(aX7),(bXl),(d) Towels ................................................ .141(dX3Xv) Washing Facilities........................... .141(cXlMvu).(d) Toilets, Nonwater Systems: (aee also Nonwater Disposal Systems; Toilet Facilities)............................ 143(aX2W7) Chemical .......................................... 143(aX3).(c) Combustion ....................................... .143(aX5).(e) Portable ............................................ .143(aX6)Xg> Privies ................................................ .143(aX2).(b) Recirculating ................................... .143(aX4),(f) Tongs, L'paetters ................................. .218(hX4) Tooling ................................................... .217(dXS' Torch Vtlves, Welding ...................... .252(dX4 >i) Towel, ................................................... .141(dH3)(v) Towers, Scaffolds: (see Ladder Stands and Scaffolds: Scaffolds: Work Platforms, Mobile)........................ .29 Tractors: (eoo also Powsrod Industrial Truck,)............................................ .178 Traffic Signs ...................*................... .145(dX8) Trailers ................................................. .11 KdX7) Training Personnel............................... .96(0. .217(eX3> Respirators ...................................... .l34(bX3).(eX5) Truck Operators ............................. .178(1) Transmission Pipeline Welding ....... 252(gXl) Conttruction Standard, ............... 2S2(gXlXv) Electric Shock ................................. 252(gXlXiii) Field Shop Operations ................ .253(gXlXiO Flammable Subitance, ................ .252(gXlXvi) Pressure Testing ........................... 252(gXlXiv) X-ray Inspection ........................... .2S2(gXlXvii) Transportation: Blasting Agents ............................. .109(gX6) Explosives ........................................ .109(d) Fire Extinguishers .................... .l09(dX2Xiii) Change 1 677 1 5903 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject Urn Sutton No. Subject term SutUn No. Markings .......................................... 109(dX2Xii) Vehicles .............................................109(dX2),(3) Trapdoors ................................................. 23(aX5) Trap# Air Receivers ............................. !69(bX2) Treads. Stairs .......................................... 24<fXk) Treadles ....................................................217(bX4) Trestle Ladders. Portable: Metal ..................................................... 26(aX4) Wood ..................................................... 25<cX3Xv) Trimming Presses ...................................218(g) Trips, Two-Hand ..................................... 2l7(bX6) Trolley Bumpers. Cranes .................... 179(eX3) Trolley Ladders. Portable .................... 25(cX5) Trolley Stops. Cranes ............................ l79(eXl> Track Cranes: (see Crawler, Locomo tive and Truck Cranes)................. 180 Trucks .................................................... .178(kUm) Forklift .............................................. .261(0X1) Hand .................................................. .261(mXl) Highway ............................................ .178(k),(m) Powered Industrial ........................ .178 Tracks, Powered Industrial: (see also Powered Industrial Trucks)........ .178 Tube and Coupler Scaffolds ............. .28(c) Bearers .............................................. .28(cX9) Construction ..................................... .28<cX5) Heavy-Duty ....................................... .28(eX3) Light-Duty ......................................... .28(cXl) Medium-Duty..................................... .28(cX2) Runners ............................................ .28(cX8) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds, Mobile . .29(d) Design ................................................ .29(dXl) Erection ............................................ .29(dX3) Handrails .......................................... .29(dX4) Loading ............................................ .29(dX5) Materials .......................................... .29(dX2) Tubing: (see Piping, Fittings and Tubing) Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds .. .28(d) Accessories .......................................... 28(dX13) Bracing ..................................................28(dX3) Drawing and Specification Requirements ................................. 28(dXH) Erection. Requirements .................... 28(dXl2) Frames .................................................28(dX5).(l3) Guardrails ............................................ 28(dX7) Inspections .......................................... 28(dX14) Legs ....................................................... 28<dX4> Loads .................................................... 2dXl).(8) Planking Spans ...................................28(dXl0) Securing ................................................28(dX9) Spacing ..................................................2WdX2) Uplifts ................................................... Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds. Mobile ................................................29(b) Bracing ................................................. 29<bK2) Erection ......... ...................................29(bX5) Panels Locking ......................................29<bXJ) Panels Spacing ......................................29(1>K3) Tubular Welded Sectional Folding Scaffolda: Bracing ................................................. 29(eX3> End Frames ........................................ 29^X6) Erection ................................................29(cX7) Sectional Folding Ladder Scaffolds .29(cX5) Sectional Folding Stairway Scaf folds ................................................... 29(cX4) Stairways ..............................................29(cX2) Turning Machines ...................................2l3(o) Two-Point Suspension Scaffolds ......... 28(g) Acid Solutions .................................... 28(gX10) Blocks ................................................ -28(gXT) Employees, Maximum ......................28(gX9) Guardrails ............................................28(gX5) Hangers ............................................... 28(gX2) Hoisting Machines ........................... 28(gX3) t Platform ........................................ . .28(gX12L Roof Irons or Hooks ....................... 28(gX4) r Ropes ............................ ...........28(gX8) t Securing ............................................... 28<gXm Si*e ........................................................ 28(gXl) Supports ............................................... 28(gX8) Suspension ..........................................28(gX6) Two-Section Rung Ladders .................. 25(cX3Xiii) Type F Powered Platforms .................. 86(bX5Xii),(c> Access ...................................................66(cX13) Communication, .................................6<cX3) Electrical Wiring ............................... 66<cX22) Emergency Communications ......... 66(cX23> Emergency Operation,: Electrical ..........................................66<cX15> Manual ............................................. 66<cXl) Flooring ............................................... 6B(cX12> Guardrail, ........................................... 66(cX9).(ll) Hoisting Equipment ......................... 66<cX17),<20) Brakes ..............................................6cXI9) Motors ............................................. 66<cX18) Load Railing Plate ........................... 66<cX7) Roof Cars ........................................... 68(c) Access ............................................... 66<cX4) Movement ........................................66<cX2) Stability ........................................... 66<cX3) Maintenance .................................. 68(cX5) Rope,.....................................................86<cX20) Taga .......................................................68(cX2I) Toeboards ............................................66(cXI0).(ll) Vertical Movement ........................... 66<cX14) Working Platforms ........................... 66<cX6M16) Type T Powered Platforms .................. 66<bX5Xiii>.<d)' Communications ........................... ,68(dX7) Electrical Wiring ............................... 68(dX8) Emergency Communications ......... 68(dX7) Hoisting Equipment ......................... 66<dX3).(5) Lifelines ............................................... 66<dX9) Roof Cars ............................................664dX i) Ropes ..................................................... 66<dX5) Safety Belts ........................................68(dX8) Working Platforms ........................... 66<dX2) 678 OCCUPATIONXL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Subject wrm Section No Subject tern Section No. ll I'-Guarda ....................................................219(mX3) L'paottara ..................................................218(h) Diet Changing ..................................... 218(h)(5) Lockouts ................................................ 218(h)(2) Manual Controls ................................218(hX3) Supporting Foundations .................. 218(hXl) Tongs .............................. .................... 218(hX4> V Valves: (see also Piping. Valves, and Fittings) Air Receivers .......................................l69(bX3) Cylinders .............................................. l69(cX6) Liquefied Petroleum Gases .............110(bX7) Non-DOT Containers ........................il<XdX3) Vapor Degreasing Tanks ...................... 94(dX12) Vaporisers: Liquefied Petroleum Gases .............iHXbXll) Liquid Hydrogen ............................... 103(cXlXviii) Liquid Oxygen ...................................l04(bX7) Veneer Machinery ................................... 30(c) Cutters ..................................................2l3(q),(sK13) Ventilation................................................. 94..107(d) Abrasive Blasting ............................. 94(a) Asbestos.................................................93a(cXlXii) Bakeries ................................................263(cX7) Bulk Oxygen Systems .......................104(bX3Xxii) Bulk Plants .........................................106(O2Xiii> Confined Spaces ................................. 255(eX4Xii).(f) Dip Tanks ............................................ 108(b) Drying .............................................. 108(bX2> Vapor Area .......................................l08(bXl) Effective Dates ...................................98 Electrostatic Spraying..................... 10?(i),10?(rX9) Grinding Polishing and Buffing . .94(b) Laundries .............................................. 262(cX4Xii), (dXIXii) Open Surface Tanks ..........................94(dX3) Powder Coatings ............................... 1070X2) Processing Buildings ....................... 106(hX3Xiii) Sawmills ................................................265(cX7) * Spray Finishing ................................. 94<cX6) Spraying Operations ........................94(c),107(d) Access Doors .................................. 107(dX10) Air Exhausts .................................. 107(dX9) Belts ..................................................107(dX6) Clesrsnces .......................................107(dX8) Conformance ...................................107(dXl) Discharge Clearances .................. 107(dX8) Drying Spaces.................................. 107(dX12) Electric Motors ............................. l07(dX5) Exhaust Duct- System ................... 107(dX3>.(7) Fan-Rotating Element ................ 10?(dX4) Independent Exhaust .................. 107(dX3) Change 1 Room Intakes ___ Standards Sources Storage Rooms ........ Tanks, Open Surface Textiles ...................... Venting, Tanks: Aboveground ........... . Inside ........................ Portable .................... . Underground ........... Veals: (see Venting) Vermin Control ........... .107(dXU) .106(dX4Xiv) .94(d) .262(rr) .106(bX2XivMvi) .106(bX4Xu) 106(dX2Xn) .106(bX3Xiv) .141(aX5) W Walking-Working Surface*: Aisles ..................................................... 22(b) f Covers ................................................... 22(e) * Definitions ............................................21 Fixed Industrial Stairs .................... 24 Floor Loading .....................................22(d) Floor Openings Guard ...................... 23 General Requirements ....................22 Guardrails ............................................22(c) Housekeeping ...................................... 22(a) Ladders: Fixed ................................................. 27 Portable: Metal ............................................26 Wood ..............................................25 Stands ................................................29 Passageways ...................................... 22(b) Scaffolding Safety ............................. 28 Scaffolds (Towers).............................. 28 Stairs, Fixed Industrial .................. 24 Standards Sources ........................... 31 Wall Openings Guarding ................ 23 Working Surfaces ..........................30 Wall Cranes: (see Gantnr Cranes) Wall Opening* (Hole*) ......................... 23(b) Warehouses: Ammonium Nitrate .......................... 1090X4) Flammable Liquids ........................... 106(dX5Xv) Warning Devices and Signs: (see also Sign# and Tags) Cranes ................................................... 1790) Ionising Radiation ........................... 96(f) Manlift* ............................................... 68(cXT) Nonionising Radiation .................... 97(aX3) Washing Facilities ...................................141(d), .142(f) Waste Dispose! ........................................ 14UaX4) Asbestos ............................................... 93a(hX2) Bulk Plants ........................................ 106(fX7) Containers ............................................141(g)(3) Dip Tanks ........................................... 108(02) Ionising Radiation ........................... 96(k) Labor Camps ...................................... 142(e),(h) I Nonwater ............................................. 143 679 v- 1 5905 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME I general industry standards and interpretations Subject Urn Soetion No. Subject urm Seetien No. Processing Plants .......................... .HWhXBXiii) Radiation .......................................... .96(k) Service Stations ............................. .106(gX7) Spraying ............................................ .107(gX3) WaUr Gala ............................................ .109(h) WaUr Spray Extinguishers: Dip Tanka ......................................... .108(gX2) WaUr Supply: Fira Dapartmant Connections ... .158<cX4); .169(a)Xb) Fire Extinguishers ........................ .158(c) Class I Service ............................ .168(cXl) Class II Service .......................... .158(cX2) Class III Service ........................ .158(cX3) Labor Camps ................................... .142(e) NonpoUble Water .......................... .141(bX2) Potable Water ................................. . 141(bX 1) Weather Protection Manlifts ........... .68(bX15) Welding: (see alee Acetylene Generatera: Arc Welding: Flash Welding Equipment: ResieUnce Welding Equipment: Welding Containers: Welding Machines, Portable)......................................... .252 Beryllium .......................................... 252(fX8) Cadmium ........................................... .252(fXlXv),(9) Cleaning Compounds .................... .252(0(11) Concentrations, Maximum Allow* able ................................................ .252(fXlXiv) Containers ......................................... 252(dX3) Contamination ................................. .252(fXlXi) Definitions ........................................ .251 Exhaust Hoods ............................... .252(fX3) Fire Protection ............................ .252(dX2Xi)^ii), (xv) First Aid Equipment .................... .252(fX13) Fluorine Compounds .................... .252(fXlXvM6) Hazards ............................................ .252(eX5) Labels ................................................ .252(fXlXv) Ladders, Fixed ............................... .27(bX6) Lead ................................................... .252(0(7) Liquefied Petroleum Gaaee ......... .U0(bX4) Mercury ............................................ .262(0(10) Piping SyvUma, Mechanical ........ .262(gX2) PersonneMVeUCtion .................... .252(e) Precaution*......................................... .252(eX6)XdX2) Prohibited Arsaa ............................ .262(dX2Xvi) Screens .............................................. .252(fXlXiii) Spot and Seam ................................ .252(cX2) Stainless Steels .............................. .252(0(12) Standards Sources ........................ .253 Supervisory Responsibility ......... .262(dX2Xxiv) Transmission Pipelines ................. .252(gXl) Ventilation ......................................... .252(0aXii), (fX2M4) Zinc ................................................... .252(0(6) Welding Machines. Portable ............. .252(cX3) Clevis .................................................. .252(cX3Xiii) Counterbalance ............................... .252(cX3Xi) Grounding ....... .252(cX3Xvi) Holder, Movable .252(cK3Xv) Safety Chains . 252(cX3Xii) Switch Guards . .252<cX3Xiv) Wharves: Bulk Plants ... .106(fK4) Chemical PlanU .106(1X2) Distilleries ........ .106(iX2) Explosives ........ .109(f) Refineries ........ .106<iX2) Winch Heads: Derricks ................................................181(iX5) Wind Indicators ...................................... 179(bX4) Windlass Machines .................................2l4(j) Window-Jack Scaffolds ..........................28(r) Guardrails ............................................28(rX3) Use ..................................................... 28(rXlW2)s Wood Heel Turning Machines .............213(o) Wood Ladders, Portable: (see also Lad ders, Portable Wood).....................25 Wood Polo Scaffolds ............................. 28(b) Bracing ................................................. 28<bX8W10) Erection ............................................... 28(bX16) Guardrails ............................................28(bX15) Ledgers ................................................. 28(bX7) Planking ................................................28(bXUM14) Platforms ..............................................28(bXUMI4) Reinforcement .................................... 28(bX6) Securing ............................................... 28(bX4) Splicing ................................................. 28<bX2) Toeboards ............................................28(bX15) Wood Shapers .......................................... 213(m) Wooden Guards ...................................... 219(oX2) Woodworking Machinery ......................213 Band Saws and Resaws .................. 2130) Boring Machines ............................... 213(1) Circular Resaws .................................213(e) Construction ........................................ 213(a) Controls ............................................... 213(b) Crosscut Table Saws ....................... 213(d) Definitions ............................................211(a) Drag Saws .......................................... 213(r) Effective Dates....................................220 Glue Spreaders, Roll-Type............... 2l3(r) Hand-Fed Crosscut Table Saws .. .213(d) Hand-Fad Ripsaws............................. 213(c). .214(d) Inspection ............................................ 213(s) Jointers ................................................. 213(j) Maintenance ........................................ 213(s) Matching Machines ......................... 213(n) Molding Machines ............................. 213(n) Mortising Machines ......................... 213(1) Planing Machines ............................. 213(n) Profile Lethes .....................................213(o) Radial Saws ........................................ 213(h) Ripsaws ................................................213(c), .214(d) Sanding Machines ............................. 213(p) Self-Fed Circular Saws..................... 213(f) 680 Change 1 u. a oovnsnoirT fkktwo orncs : im 1 5906