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American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1934 QUARTER. BEND L VJBEMD ID CR.OSS OYER. Single offset Quarterbend 45 deg. bend Single offset u Beho Double offset expansion u bend dou&le offset u bend Circle Bend Expansion U bend Fig. 1. Common Types of Pipe Bends 494 Chapter 34--Pipe, Fittings, Welding tions in weights are known as (1) low-pressure fittings for steam working pressures of 25 lb (cast-iron flanged only, sizes 4 in. and larger), (2) standard fittings for saturated steam working pressures of 125 lb, and (3) extra heavy fittings for saturated steam working pressures of 250 lb. These last fittings are suitable for cold water working pressures of 350 lb and are usually tested to twice the steam working pressure, or 500 lb cold hydrostatic. Screwed fittings include: nipples or short pieces of pipe of varying Table 3. Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches per 100 Ft* (For superheated steam and other fluids refer to temperature column) Saturated Stbam Vacuum Inches of Hg. Pressure Pounds _Sqpuearre Inch Gage Tem perature Degrees Fahren heit Elongation in Inches per F100 fT FROM --20 DP Saturated Steam CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wroughl Iron Pipe Copper Pipe Pressure Pounds Tem perature Square Inch Gage Degrees Fahren heit Elongation in Inches per 100 FFT FROM --20 UP CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wrought Iron Pipe Copper Pipe 29.39 28.89 27.99 26.48 24.04 20.27 14.63 6.45 __ ___ ___ __ _____ ______ ___ _ ___ _ ........... ____ 2.5 10.3 20.7 34.5 52.3 74.9 103.3 138.3 180.9 232.4 293.7 366.1 451.3 550.3 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 0 0 0 0 664.3 500 0.127 0.145 0.152 0.204 795.3 520 0.255 0.293 0.306 0.442 945.3 540 0.390 0.430 0.465 0.655 1115.3 560 0.518 0.593 0.620 0.888 1308.3 580 0.649 0.725 0.780 1.100 1525.3 600 0.787 0.898 0.939 1.338 1768.3 620 0.926 1.055 1.110 1.570 2041.3 640 1.051 1.209 1.265 1.794 2346.3 660 1.200 1.368 1.427 2.008 2705 680 1.345 1.528 1.597 2.255 3080 700 1.495 1.691 1.778 2.500 720 1.634 1.852 1.936 2.720 740 1.780 2.020 2.110 2.960 760 1.931 2.183 2.279 3.189 780 2.085 2.350 2.465 3.422 800 2.233 2.519 2.630 3.665 820 2.395 2.690 2.800 3.900 840 2.543 2.862 2.988 4.145 860 2.700 3.029 3.175 4.380 880 2.859 3.211 3.350 4.628 900 3.008 3.375 3.521 4.870 920 3.182 3.566 3.720 5.118 940 3.345 3.740 3.900 5.358 960 3.511 3.929 4.096 5.612 980 3.683 4.100 4.280 5.855 1000 3.847 4.296 4.477 6.110 4.020 4.487 4.677 6.352 4.190 4.670 4.866 6.614 4.365 4.860 5.057 6.850 4.541 5.051 5.268 7.123 4.725 5.247 5.455 7.388 4.896 5.437 5.660 7.636 5.082 5.627 5.850 7.893 5.260 5.831 6.067 8.153 5.442 6.020 6.260 8.400 5.629 6.229 6.481 8.676 5.808 6.425 6.673 8.912 6.006 6.635 6.899 9.203 6.200 6.833 7.100 9.460 6.389 7.046 7.314 9.736 6.587 7.250 7.508 9.992 6.779 7.464 7.757 10.272 6.970 7.662 7.952 10.512 7.176 7.888 8.195 10.814 7.375 8.098 8.400 11.175 7.579 8.313 8.639 11.360 7.795 8.545 8.867 11.625 7.989 8.755 9.089 11.911 8.200 8.975 9.300 12.180 8.406 9.196 9.547 12.473 8.617 9.421 9.776 12.747 From Piping Handbook, by Walker and Crocker. This table gives the expansion from -- 20 F to the temperature in question. To obtain the amount of expansion between any two temperatures take the difference between the figures in the table for those temperatures. For example, if a steel pipe is installed at a temperature of 60 F and is to operate at 300 F, the expansion would be 2.519 -- 0.593 = 1.926 in. lengths; couplings, usually of wrought iron only; elbows for turning angles of either 45 deg or 90 deg; return bends, which may be of either the close or open pattern, and may be cast with either a back or side outlet; tees; crosses; laterals or Y branches; and a variety of plugs, bushings,_caps, lock-nuts, flanges and reducing fittings. Reducing fittings as well as bushings, both of which are used in changing from one pipe size to another, may have the smaller connection tapped eccentrically to permit free drain age of the water -of condensation in steam lines or free escape of air in water lines. 495