Document rewJ4GmxL1X7vqQdrN8m9a33G

.......................... -iimi-i^, I),,, L IA15866 iiiYiri ifhun f^h-rt*"' UU> <*-*F*-W b mh j . mjum c h es t BPTm, MBPiami virus* ram d o d o s ccrm rocoocxs caraum TOKXW, BHXCK TtUVBM) ts ns uu> ik q s j u b as mc u t x o h n u b o d or. uxu, xxwonsx Ansun, V3U - ii.mp,i4Hliyppwipa^jBW*nm *> !-n jwiwi!i.jpi)MftfjjppBWf|^ * -- --................. -- it ^e -mb a maaro--_-- ------------------------------------------ nra i. imsx CSUT EJCZNER. HifllRSHAtf DIYIdlOg PHELPS DCOOX COPPER PRODUCTS CORPORiTXO* TOWERS, KH TOHC gXMSftlgl load la tba aoat raraatl1* ahaathlng aatarlal aaplcyad la tba alaotrio oabla latetij. Being aatallic, It la oapabla of function# unlqaa to aataJla, bet, la addltlca, lta ptyaioel charectarirtlea enable lead ud lta alloya to perfont equally vail fnactlona epecifio to flexible aoa-artalUo jaeketlag mtartala. far ewaple, it aay be readily bamd-foraad into poeitioc and furtheroore vlth d o apriag-feack. Bor doaa It ehrlrfcbade at ctrta, aa do aoea plaatlea. Splicing by wiping 1* atraigbt-forward. Signifi cantIjr, lead ahaathisg la readily adapted to eoonoadoal reclaiadng aad rawerting, being the only oabla oefonant acceptable to AUC aftar atrlpplng *ad reapplying. Xarorthalaaa, aa a reeolt of the aacaaaaiy eoatained offart to eohlere Imv ooeta, taaber of alteroatlre oabla oonetroctlone here eoaa into being idtleh provide eerrloe at laaaar ozpaaao tban their load aboathad oonstarpaita. Toltage-wlee, laad la atill tba pradngjnant eSeething aatarlal la tbs U.S. at 12 to 15 Er. and abera op to 69 Er. However, at 69 Xr. and higher, alternatlree dcKlnate, and like trands ara appearing la otbar world axeea. Bren ao, tba rata of growth f oabla aaaga in tba voltage rangaa where laad jradeaiatM baa bald deaanrt high. Moreover, tba eooeeaafal derelopaent of tba oontlnoooa laad praaa baa baaa partioulerly advantageous to tba aacufactare of long langtba of aobaarlna oabla. mcnm < wTn-r.Tc Tba atallle abaatba of alaetrlo oabla# aoat with fav axoaptlona ba non-aagnrtlo and Bofflelantly flexible to parait tba winding and nrarinrilng oaoaaaary to faotoxy prnoesalng aad timid handling. They Mxt ba oapabla of earn or worm of tba follmlqg operating functional 1.- Praolala lngraaa cf aoletare, aad protaot againrt otbar deleterious # Tironaantal faotora. a.- Tba dlalactrle properties of high roltaga oabla with oH-irgragnatad paper tap# insulation ara dlractly dependent upon fraadoa from oltr*. b.- UJcawlaa, tba tranaaiaaioB affleiaaey of ocasamloatione oabla la adraraaly affaetad hy aoiatara, whether plaatlo or papar insulated. 2.- Provide alaotrostatlo and eleotranagnstlo shielding. a.- A.C. capaoitanoa charging currant wet ba dralnad to preclude anaaalw anrfaoa roltaga# aad oorona diaabarga, otbarwlaa radio latarfaraaaa ijM.wpwgupj^ti^^ 1 iwg j iyiwp^wtxwi.pi)L.uryp^ s' ***** uiK> At i sAtntfMtoMaV i I* HfiManannaniwitiiiyiubl Hi ilia w rrtikd i ooeuro as tall as rapid degradation of oablo insulations, sulalnatlng la o fault*. lilt 1* a print operating factor at 3 to 5 Kr. and abora. b.- Protection fron lightning requiraa a low resistance grounded shield, eta oha or Imi. 'JIb v Im, a lav ground loop-raalstanou la essential to praolodo erltloal voltage build-up and abort-circuit on oraiainloatlon 11d m, ganaratod by alaetrcnagnetlo field* radiating either frca ttmltar disturbances or froa power tranealsalon aystaw (particular under power fault ocndltlona). 3.- Afford an affoetlT* (lov-iapedanoe, coaxial) neutral return, mu to aamra afflolaat relay operation and switching. A-- Hsnhatdqsl protection, during hs^rnwg and throughout oerrioe Ufla. a.- Tbo rtalllo oovering anat vlthatand, without fatiguo, nartwls bond or Ills notion darlrsd froa langth-wis# eahla expansion rasnltlng froa temperature riso undor currant loading. Sorrloo Ufa la 20 to 10 years, with oparatln* taapesatures in tha 0.8. ranging froa a low of aima 10*0 to a high of tha ordor of HDC. bv- banal winding and handling ndll usually lnrolro strain* buycud tha alaatlo Haiti likewise, porlodioally la session. Za erdar to aaauro aalntananoo of operating function capability, astallle oorarlngs bars to bo naaonably oorroaloa raalataat, othorwlao oorroaion protective jacketing la required (mloaniasd nsoprene jacket, or axtrodad polyethylene). load sheathing aaata all thaoa required funetlona. Sowarrar, a unahar of factor* (winter salting of atraota, deslse of atraatoara, and wary harry fault currant duty with tha growth of largo groundad systaae lauding to vulnerability to * * arcing and shaath daaaga) bar* aada jacketing of load ahaathad aahlo aandatoxy 1 assy of tha mjor eltloa. usssssnsiSSLiaa. fba altaraatlraa to load ara cutlinad la tha fallwing paragraphs, n* or laaa ohrcoologloally aa tl*y eaaa into bulng. Initially, laud ahaathlng was naadad far all lnau1stIona orar tha ocaplete voltage rang*, boeauaa aarly ruhbar inaulatlona, like papar, also vara affaotad deleterlxanly by exposure to Moisture. a - warn a mjrare w mb laaaarah lad flrat to tha derelcg--nt of aoisture raslstlng rubhar oagcudi, than to plastlo fenailotlona aran aoce raslstant, tharaby a11alnoting tha naoassity of aodstura-procf ahaathlng for thaao nlas-- of dlalaatrla aatarlals. * j i t Next, nrm **t*TMa jackets, raslstant to all aannsr of nariwaatol aoudltlons, oana Into balng, so that a ground wira auffload for neutral xetui* at voltages balw laral* where oorona dlaohargo bsooaas a factor, naaaly 3 to 3 Xr. WaJ , UL'WeWWIfHppWKjM LIA15869 -> Thun, thin artel tape# (0.005*), wound beUcally orer the oabla lnenlatlfn, vara deaonatrated to prorlde aagile electroartatio ahl aiding. Tbeee derelopfota hara brought rubbar and plaetlo oahlea Into general b n up to 15 Sr. with (roving naaga at 34.5 Ev., pine tcmm pioneering vote with plaetloe at 69 and 133 fir. Interestingly, load ahaarthlng la being oooaldarad at the#e higher roltagf application# of plastic# for a rarlrty of raaaona, #och aa the poo#1bio deleterious affacta of cirtur# abaorptlon on aarrloa Ufa, to aroid structural and chair!cal problef (abrink-back, piaetldaar migzutioa) a##odetad with plaatlo jackets, and to afford a aa* aatura ground latujtu *" itmsw* Vhil# papar cabla la Tolnarabla to aodetur# cortiai nation. It la amaadlwgTy resistant to critical degradation bT roltaga atraaa. Bovarar, aa ordar of degradation which la of d o eooaaqoanoa at 15 Br., baaoNaa ooneiderably aora algnlfloant aa the oparating roltaga bac--a higher, 1eraaalng aora or liu aa the equare of the roltaga. Aa a raaalt, lccduble rolda can ba tolaratod at tba lcvar Toltagaa, bat at 69 Er. and abora they eanact, aaklng rdd-fraa or pressurised ayat fa naoaaaary. c.. qfrflMff fWB Low-Pressure OU-Pilled Cabla la daalgnad to oparata Todd-free at a frira pressure of 15 to 20 psig., praasure balng aaintalnad by a ayatf of raaarrolra feeding tba oil daaand of tba oabla undsr load cycle rla aa ell ohswitl la tba oooductor. Tbaaa pressures ara o<Kpaiible vltb tba fa of unrelnforead laad aad orar a thousand adLlaa of tbla clsso of oabla baa baaa pot Into aaxrlea la tba at roltagaa from 69 to 230 tr. Bovarar, tba lov jrassurs tba length of oparating aactinia, aaoaaai- tatlng parlodle fa of ooatly atcp-jolata. Tbla clan# of oabla ba# ban largaly anp#r##dad la tb# part daoada bf tba Pipe Cabla. - HTB TIPB CABLB Pipe bfP* oabla opaxataa at 200 apdg. While It wea d#ralopad abft tba mm tla# aa lov-preesure oU-flllad oabla, it did not oca# lato gaaaral fa nfU about 15 yoora ago. Whereas laad abaatbad oablaa ara fabricated ooagilataly la tba factory, ao ara daalgnatad sslf-oontainsd", plpa oablaa ara only partially ocaplatad la tba factory, tba astallle abaath or oorarlag balng oonstrooted la tba flald. That la, tb# 'pip#* la valded from double randoa length# and laid directly la tba ground. Mart, three alngle-oocduotor factery-aede oablaa ara palled lato the pipe, which thea la filled with oil or nitrogen gaa aad aaIntel rad at tba 200 pelf. ' i jiiji|^|j')jjijNl|a|l)Uiiip|lJPP,i^^ yifiiiwur >WHP ny WWWIS' OWWI %. LIA 15 87 0 . iffiry-r-jMififTrn i nT-iimr-iTiijn TTinntitiaiiaiir >i iirtniiii>nrfiwttiififi>ii'' iiria>inflain, r Special precautions, suoh a reeling of th* reel against atmospheric Boistur*, 0 els it feasible to ship thl el**# of oable without the benefit of a pro tective lead sheath. Without sheath, the oable 1# lighter, #o longer lengths eaa be shipped aad pulled, reducing tb* nuaber ctf oostly --nhnl-- aad joints. Tb* high pressure Bata* It possible to foad loi* line# frca a relatively lap aapeaeiv* pmrdng plant aad without reooure* to stop-joint*. furtheraore, there 1# sufficient elearanoe la the pipe to pendt ell circalotion, thereby ellelsating hot-epota along the Use aad Increasing load rating* Th* _nd result la a aoet eoonrsdnal B.T. aad B.B.V. systea, approaohlag 2000 circuit alio# la tb* D.S., at voltagea Including 315 Xr. X.- flggnPB) (TOTUWO ALOKITOl 8KBCT Sztroded altar! rra ebeath baa beocas arallabl* over the peat decade, flndlag no* la tb* 0.8. prlaerily la aerial paper cable tAtar* th* weight earing la l^ortart. Two aetbod* of eanafactnre in la nee, direct extrusion fraa the pres* onto a cable oore, or aeperat* eztroeloa with tb* tub* laid out on a runtmj to pendt drawing la of th* oahle oore, ataller to pip* cable practise. Cooperatively extenelre direct tarled applloatlooe of high voltage pressurised (75 to 100 pelg.) oorrngated *1 tart rear sheath eabl* ere being aad* la Europe. These depend upon tb* absolute integrity of the corrosion protective oorerlnga, otherwise, the Inal me very rapidly oorrodee through by a l~i-n -*< pitting actios. Corrugation pendta eaplcyaeat of thinner gag* natal, so iieplenent* cable training and handling. On th* ether band, it Increase* th* overall dlaaeter, so Halt* applications where epao* la a factor, such aa la ocaddt and dost. r.- OM-VWm HETAl SHEtfl Th* latest developaent la the Betel sheathing field la >*n welding. A aetal tap* la precision foreed about a eabl* oore, then butt welded electrically, followed ty either a sinking or a oorrogetlag operstlca. . Thl* proeeee eey be adapted to a variety of Betels Including copper aa well aa eltart ran and steal* nnamsmsvm V* referred la tb* Introduction to the successful dcvelcpBaat of the Henecna Jloberteon oontlaooue lead press as a day-In day-out production teal. This has been 4* particularly significant, la that it baa helped to reduo* production costs, as applied V to plain lead aad copper-bearing lead, but not to higher alley*. The problem with the latter la a tendency toward aonal reflneaent and plating out on th* screw. This oeueec slippage and raise* the possibility of places of segregated arterial beefing eahiiMed la cable sbesth* Baa presses suffer aiailar eonteal nation tut only rt th* die, t^ioh la nmil j ; j ewdate^i t M i'A y'* HIW"J < LIA15 871 0. . % -5- Oud pollhed vlth eaoh ohaap cf oahla 1m. Tortonately, oorpar hearing laad la a at*t aatlafaciety astorlal, In the aiada of J auy exports the beat for cable abeathinf, vUthw Mrlal* anderyajad or wobaarlna, M 1 bo really praotloal llaltatiooa brro arleeo. Rowemr, with tho Increasing no* of a variety of scrap eoppllea la raflalac land* there la a masuro of concern lest sene asepeolfled aidant, be ratalnad and hara a deleterlcae effect on prodaoiloa {rooodwroo. Thla la a Boot l^orUat oonoidoretlea in view at tho growing tendenoy to ndtrUla lorn enbBarlne A.C. and 0.0. intorooonectlace to allow pooling at roaorro ctpaeltf) araored, aolf-oonto! nod (lead ahoathod) eahla deaign la virtually dictated to tho oat alnalon at otbar typee. Ceotro-oegatlve p*w, each aa Mlfarbamflnorlde, aro receiving mar* and aero attention by oahlo roaoaroh and deetgn engineers, beoeuae at tho eobanoeaent of dialer* trio itrayth wfaioh lay bo aehlwrod without roaort to high proaaana. Load ahnold benefit frcn thla vork. not only biaariai oiponalm aboath mirforoa ' oat will bo avoided, tat alao bocaaao at tho mm and oertainty with vftloh dependable, loak-froo vlpod pool a oaa bo oodo on load aboath ocapered to elooooa on Boat altamata eonotraotlooa. 2 J W# S.I it Coaarally speaking, overall eeata aro a function at euhlo content. Croat* for tho lower voltages, land ahoathod paper eabla provide# tha Blnlw dlaanslons for a given eondactor also, ao dirt not duct alao, and ao forth. Aooordlngly, land oahlo ahnwld oontlnoa to doBlnata tha underground powor oahlo oarjcot la tho voltage rancoa tram 10 Vo to Kr. Likewise, aa to aatrlno applications, Innlading 138 Ir. and higher AX. voltages, plan I.T. DX. Both of thoao aroaa aro experiencing atlaalatloB dm to tho Thool* oa aadergronad and tho Increasing attantloa to savings thrtxnh lataroconaotleB* lrUUyt tha spaoo factor or vnlmo ocntent la a laaa dradnont factor. Bathar* weight rules, and aoiroral alternatives other than laad no doubt will rmala la omtrol of thla narks*. m wwjpjM* Ijm na-