Document rew7N14myme4dG77qVbOgXGGV

Report on Dust Survey of Paint Manufacturing Plant of The Lowe Brothers Company, Dayton, Ohio - Recommendations After thorough study of data derived from samples obtained in this plant, the following specific recommendations are made: 1 Installation of a properly designed exhaust ventilation system in the mixing-room of Building I4.. 1 2. Requirement that men working in dusty freight ears wear dust respirators. , . With regard to the first o f ..these, it is important, if sole dependence is placed upon the ventilation system, that hoods be properly placed relative to mixers and that hood entrance velocities felon is most needed. It seems advisable to locate hoods near each mixer in such a way that all dust generated by charging mixers would be drawn into the system and away from the operators. If it proves to be impractical to do this for all mixers, it definitely should be done for all those in v/hich lead or silica paints are mixed and those paints should never be mixed in other machines. In addition to hoods located near the mixers, there should be exhaust ventilators located in all parts of the room where dry dusts are stored and handled. Two such places are indicated on the drawing by samples number 28 and number Ij., It may be stated in ~2~ general that any operation involving the-handling of 'dry*, dustv materials, either openly or contained in paper bags, is potentially a generator of hazardous dust concentrations in the surrounding air. Any means of collecting this dust at its source m ay be the means of maintaining.-low dust concentrations in the surrounding air. There is considerable difference between conditions in the plant as a whole in summer and those in winter. A comparison of samples taken in' summer (July) with those taken in winter is tabulated in Table; 1, giving average results of all samples taken in the mixing room at each time except that samples taken near mixers during opera tion of charging are omitted. . ' - TABLE I " .. Comparison of Average Dust Samples Taken in Mixing Room 'Vv V Av ' .- . h '' . .' ' . . I ij Summer 'VJ ,yty."'' \'''' V:t . I: .,| Dust Concentraticn* particles per cu. ft l,2o3. 500 ... Winter [ . ' \ 6,729,800 - Lead Concentration, r.~. per 10 cu. 'r. 0.882 1 Increase 1+21: 356 . These data are easily accounted for b y observation of ventilation conditions during the two extreme seasons of the year. In summer the plant is operated with most windows open and natural ventilation gives rapid changes of air within the plant. In winter the viindows are all closed and with a change of air occurring very seldom, concentrations of d\ist and other contaminants continually increase throughout the working day. This is particularly true of the most minute particles which remain in suspension Indefinitely, instead of settling out as do the larger particles* Since these.. I& 0003B5G ... , . ' . -*3**'' . small particles do not' gettie, the only' means of eliminating thom is by ventilation. '. ' -.' ; . . TABLE 1 ' Special Samplers Showing; Acute Exposure ('July, 19 4 0 ) Sample !io. . 1 Location ' Operation - Charging fixer 'Ko*. 0 for .fixing Room j Paint bo. 7o f Mellow Gloss . . 1 White C-iteirgin?; mixers .1 arid 3 for -sjL .;i003.iI P a i n t -Ko. 1005s Sign Stand ard, Stock fsit DUet. Count Lead Cone. Partiele a/eu.ft. ..Mg. / I d :cu.L , 7i|,0 .lh 6,81*0,000 1*53 see eliding liiloaic freight car of 11 Department Leaded line Oxide Receiving bnloading freight; car of 12 : lb partmen t Titanium Oxide ' a , 2lj.5,6oo , . 1 ?05;5',200 . .'. n: r1? . .' . ,10p1c^,.. Table II shows analyses of four eonples taken uaaer unusual conditions# Samples 1 and were, taken near mixers durIn;;, trie churn ing operation in summer The analyses show tSuit the mon engage^ In tneee operations are oubje-ot to ba gardons 'concentra lions o 1 oust for the short 1 Lmc recur,.*'-;; for* haiy-In^, the r.ixerc. Continuous exposures to such concentrateone would constitute & dangerous hasard.^ However, the chief significance of these data is that they Indicate the principal origin of hygienic oust in the mixer room,.h&mely the operation: of charging -the mixers with dry powdered material's. : Camples 11 &r*d 1 were token inside freight pars wniefa were being emptied of leaded gtno oxide and titanium.oxide respectively. . Both doors of each"car .war open'but neither was-ventilated by any -artificial method. - The materials -were contained- in paper, bags. The bags were moved by band from- the floors of the oars to skids upon 000385 which, they, ware, moved and fcp'red Until usfed. 'The time- required, for unloading a car. is approximately tisx*ee hours pending upon the number of men working*' For- that length of time, exposure to ar con taining. 25.?. milligrams of particulate lead, per ten cubic meters is an extreme exposure which definitely should; be eliminated, lortunutoly such lead concentrations .ar .met.'only-in cars loaded with tiusts .whose lead content le very high, fseso d o .not occur often enough to have caused serious exposures of the isen in the pact Since It slight iso impractical to attempt to ventilate.the care in s way that would effectively eliminate .the hasard, the. use ' . of respirators haa been previously 'and.-.is again recosssended ih the unloading -of all freight cars containing powdered materials. -. ." '' '-v''-Sable. Ill contains-- results 'of analyses of all samples taken in-'t r i p l a n t inoe which are-:--indicative 'of particular 'hazards have befen '"discussed'-.above. In general, it may be stated .that all' those. .^hlM:;fsJi0w:;;3cad concentrt jon a below 1. 0 milligram per 10 cub icy. 'dust eour.tr. of loss than' -1,50 0 ,0 0 0 particles per cubic 'fbot.ylndicate -conditions that are sfe from those hazards-. ". The dust- count of 2 ,10 5,0 0 0 abo'a; for tr-e grinding room Is- not a dangerous : condition but is simply higher than normal due to poor winter ventila-' fcion in that part of tUv plant. Tan analyses ci emst scrapings from, the rn.ix.ing.room indicate that over- a long period, of time the lead content of atmospheric- dusts in the mixing room it about 2#7>' b y weight. This Was -determined by..- - analysing samples of the oust- which.has' setiled over such things ae pipes near -the. :Ceiling and -motor starter boxes on the walls 0003858 Finally. It is suggested that a thorough final check be made on whatever remedial measures are taken to eliminate.the uus* hazard from this plants Samples of air-borne dust should be taker.at the breathing point of mixer operators and also in parts of the room where.no oust is generated to see if the permanent overall hazard as well as the local acute hazard have been removed* I'ABLK III Summary of fata K 000 Sample . H o Location ` Date 1 Amount of j Sample . Pb Found Mg-. Pb pei1 Mg. Pb per .".Mg. ' 1000 Gu.-Ft. 10 Cu.M. 1 " Mixing Room 7-23-6-0 f XR cxi.!fct> 0 .0 0 7 !...P,l.(5.7.. O.I65 2 Mixing Room 3 Mixing Room 7-25-feo 1!...m3..0.....cu.ff.c.... .in 1 Y-23--ii-0 53 CU.ft. 0.130 . _. 0,020 .. 0 .577 .:. 1 .530 . 0.130 k Mixing Room 7-23-40 60 cu.ft. . 0.072 1,20 0 0 420 6 Roof Ridge ll. 7-23-6.6 .3 3 .cu.ft, ; .0 .0 0 6- 0 . 12 1 . 0.0]p3 7 Maintenance 7-23-60 65 cu.ffc 0 ,0x6 0,311- 0 .110 3 Mixing Room 7-35-1.0 6-8 cu.ft. 0 .0 20 0 *616 0 ,150 9 Mixing Room 7-23-1.0 30 -cu.ffc. ' 0,006 ..0 .20 0 ..... 10 -Bldg* .3, .Base11. 7-26-60 .60 CU.-ft, . :0 ,00li. -.0 ,0 67 - 11 Freight Car . .7-26-6.0:. 33 Ctleffc* F 2 J4.00 . . 72.727 0 .0 71 0 .0 23 25*700- 12 Freight Car 7-26-60 30 CU.ffc. . 0 ,19 0 6 433 2.250 13 Mixing Room . '` Ik Mixing -Room ' 15 Mixing R o o m l6 Mixing Room \l7 Mixing Room 4 _ Mixing Room 7-23-60 04.19 r:.m, - ..7-23-l--iO"~~Y".,1.3665. FM . 6.50 0 i-60 .0 0 0 '...7-23-60... 1 1 .71a. I .36 ,000. . .i 7-23-1! 0 .1,6 9 8 gm .,!/ 28.0 0 0 7-23410 12 -11- 6 0 O.2 7I gm. | 10,000 '. ( 325 CU.ft*| 0 .1 6 5 . .. 5.-071____ ' '.'( U 7 S ___ L TALLE II'I continued Sample Ho ,, Location * 25:. 26 Mixing Room Mixing Room 27 Mixing Room 28 Mixing Room 30 Grinding Room -- 2i - . Test Room Date Amount .of Sample ' Fb Round. 'K g . Pb per &,* Pb per Mg,, 1000 Cll.Ft. X0. Cu* in 12 -11-lt.O a{ i/1"<ejLt/a 0052 1.065 O.LO 12-11-14.0 48?5 ou.ffc. 0 .0 8 2 . 12 -11-ij.O' Ijji# '-^^Xi bo 0 .0 20 1,6 8 2 oJa.i 0 ,63 0,15 12 -11-4 0 52 5 c'uf.t 0.130 it.000 l,)i4 12 -11-4.0 32*5 e m i t . 0 .0 10 0 ,30 8 0 .11 12 -11-4.0 650 eu.ft. 0 e0?2 1,107 0.39 X X o c> oo GTS ("aft KZ~ V I* 1' S* '!*(#;pi'^^ `wv'f4.fAWnWA`f)i?jS A'iiit"*iWif g^S^X^mSBSwjiSSWsSBlWEa^iSSS^I&Ssa^^l^CMSS -J B H M M W ^ H a i B H M !j;,.''.)fIlr-,-{ r.*. ' rw ,...,* ,,'i*-' I"1. 'kfyA,kimiI nH| Bvin y\ .i;* ' A> ,* . 1 , , ' \jjfT* JL>*'>1 1,,. '\ **'l",1 *'!,'> - I ifplilll i" \ ** ifeipfl& %JV {**>{ WS s ^.`ml i 1.4(1 m JYSlW jiH #fS flUf M ii t^i,l(&&! m mMiWaVi!^S mH ililtlll HHI PpMWi I'-'1 **,M K yVIC^fr ffilSIi liii Hn im ll^* I 1