Document redOkzwgZdVnBmB5xvEKJEVV0

2`jy/H RULES AND REGULATIONS <) Receive an explanation of th measurement prccedurcs; (b) Observe all clips related to the ' measurement of airborne concentration* of Iftn/one performed at liic place of ex posure; and (e) Record the results obtained. (n) Effective date: This section bliall become effective May 21. 3 97?: (o) Appendixes. The Information con tained in the appendixes is not Intended, by ltoelf. to create any additional obliga tions not otherwise Imposed or to detract from any existing obligation. X. frUBSTAHCX lDEr-T3-iCAT]OW 'Ayrruvix A--Substance f^rn Data Skiti BENZENE A. Subrfar.ee. Benzene. B. Fcrrafiirlbie rpo*ure. Except as to retail gasoline stations and operations which use liquids containing benzene In amount* greater lb an by vclurr.e. or the benzene vepor released by any such liquids. 1. Airborne. 1 part of benzene vapor per million parts of air (1 ppm); time-weighted average (TWA) Ter an t-Lour workday fer a 40-bcrur week, with a celling concentration of S ppm. 2. DcrrnaL Eye contact and repeated skin contact with liquid benzene shall be pro hibited. C. Appearance end odor. Benzene ir. a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant, sweet odor. The odor of benzene does not provide ade quate warning of its hazzard. H. HEALTH HAZARD DATA A. Ways in vshich the benzene affects pour health. Benzene can c.ITact your health if you inhale It, or If it comes In contact with your akin or eye*. Benzene may also be harmful if you happen to swallow it. B. Effects of overerporure. 1. Short-term (acute) overexposure: If you are overex posed to high concentrations of benzene, well above the levels where its odors are first recognizable, you may fed breathless, irritable, euphoric, or giddy, you may ex perience Irritation ir. eye*., rose, and respira tory tract. Tou may develop a headache, feel dizzy, nauseous, or experience unsteadi ness In walking. Severe exposures may lead to convulsions. 2. long-term (chronic) exposure: Re pealed and prolonged exposure of benzene may cause headache, fatigue, exhaustion, tendency to bleed, nervousness, sleepless ness, shortness of breath, and serious blood disorders, including leukemia. eo. iTtoiujim cnOTKixc and equipment A. F-etpira tori. Respirator! arc required for tbOfch operations in whJch engineering con trols or work practice controls are not avail able to reduce exposure to the permissible level. If respirators are worn, they must have a National Institute for Occupational Safety and ITcaHh <NIO>B) seal cf approval. If you experience difficulty breathing while wear ing a respirator, tell your employer. 13. Trolccflpe CJofMnd. You must wear Im pervious protective clothing (such r* boota, gloves, rleevea. aprons, rtc.) over any parts of ytKir body that could be repeatedly ex posed to liquid benzene. C. Eye and Face Protection. You must wear Fplash proof safety goggles If It is jxw.lble that benzene may get Into youj eyes. In addition, you should wear a face ahlelrt if your face could be sploshed with benzene liquid. iv. EMcftotiicr ahb nnsT aw moctmnca A. Eye and face eipoture. It benzene ! splashed in your eyea, wash It out Immedi ately with large amounts of water. Call doctor aa soon as possible. B. Elin exposure. It benzene Is (.pilled on your clothing or skin, remove the con taminated cleaning and wash the exposed akin with large amounts of water and soap immediately. Wash contaminated clothing before you wear It agnln. C. Breathing. It you or any ether person breathes in large amounts of benzene, get the exposed j*r*on to Irrah air at once. Apply artificial respiration If breathing ha* stopped. Call a doctor as soon as possible. D. Swofloutny. If benzeoe has been rwallowed and the patient la conscious, do not laduce vomiting. Call a doctor Immediately. V. MEDICAL QCatCMENTS If you are expored to benzene your em ployer is required to provide the following medical procedures within thirty Coys of the elective date of this standard, consisting of a medical history and laboratory tests. These tests shall be provided without cost to you. VO. OBSERVATION OF MONITORING Tour employer is required to perform measurements that are representative of your exposure to benzene end you are en titled to observe the monitoring procedure. You are entitled to receive an explanation of the measurement procedure, observe the steps taken in the measurement procedure, and to record the results obtained. When the monitoring procedure Is taking place In an area where respirators or personal protective clothing and equipment are required to be worn, you must also be provided with, end must wear the protective clothing and equipment. vm. ACCESS TO RECORDS You or your representative arc entitled to see the records of measurements of your ex posure to benzene upon request to your em ployer. Your medical examination records c*n be furnished to your physician upon re quest to your employer. nr. precautions roe sate use, handlino and STORAGE Benzene /fq-ufd fa highly flammable. It should be stored In tightly closed containers In a cool, well ventilated area. Benzene vapor may form explosive mixtures In air. All sources of Ignition must be controlled. You should use non-sparking tools when opening or closing benzene containers. Tou must ground or bond metal benzene containers. Tire extinguishers, where provided, must be Teadliy available and you should know where they are located and bow to opcrRte them. Smoking Is prohibited in areas where ben zene Is used or stored. Ask your supervisor where benzene b used on your work area and for additloiia) plant safety rule*. AmNPrx B--Substance Technical Guidelines BENZENE L PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA A. Substance Identification 1. SynoTiyui.*. Benzol, benzole, coal naptha, cyclohexati lene. phene, phenyl hydride, pyrobcnrol, (Benr.ln. petroleum bcnzln, and benzine, do not contain benzeoe). 1. formula. C6H<3 (CAS Registry Number: 00007H32) B. Physical Data 1. Bolling point (760 mm Hg): 60.1 C (176?). 2. Specific Gravity (wslsrzrl) :0.B7B. 3. Vapor Density (Mr.si) :2.7. 4 Melting Point: 6/6 C (42F), 6. Vapor Pm-Hurr ut 20 C (06F) :7S mm Hg. 6. Solubility In water: .06%. 7. Evaporation Rate (eli>ersl) :2.g. 8. Appearance and Odor: Clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet odor. It. EIRE, EXPLOSION AND REACTIVITY HAZARD DATA A. Fire. 1. FlftEh Point (cloned cup): -- IJ C <1 *F>. 2. Autolgnillon Temperature: 680 C (1070P). 3. Jlommable Limits in Air, % by Volume: Lower: 1.3% Upper: 7.1%, 4. Extinguishing Media: Ci-rbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam. 6. Special Fire-Fighting Procedures: Do not use solid stream of water, since etream will scatter and spread fire. Water spray can be used to keep fire exposed containers cool. fl. Unvsrual fire and explosion hazards: Benzene Is a flammable liquid. Its vapors can form explosive mixtures. All ignition sources must be controlled when betu'.cne is used, handled, or .stored. Where liquid or vapor may be released, such areas shall be considered as hazardous locations. Benzene vapors ate heavier than air; thus the vapors may travel along the ground and be Ignited by open flames or sparks at locations remote from the site at which benzene is handled. 7. Benzene is classified as a 1 B flammable liquid for the purpose of confoimlng to the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.106. A concen tration exceeding 3250 ppm is considered g potential fire or explosion hazard. Locations where benzene may be present in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or Ignllable mixtures are considered Class 1 Group D for the purposes of conforming to the require ment Of 29 CFR 1910.309. B. Reactivity. 1. Conditions contributing to instability: Heat. 2. Incompatibility: Heat and oxidizing materials. 3. Hazardous decomposition products: Toxic gases and vapors (such as carbon monoxide). XXL SPILL AND LEAH PROCEDURES A. Steps <o be ffli.cn if the material is re leased or spilled. Large amounts of water should be used to flush the spills. Do not flush benzene Into confined space, such as a sewer, because of cxploflon danger. Re move all Ignition sources. Ventilate enclosed places. B. Wcsfe Disposal Method. Disposal meth ods must conform to other jurisdictional regulations. J allowed, benzene may be dis posed of: (a) By absorbing It In dry (sand or earth and disposing in a sanitary land fill; (b) if small quantities, by removing it to a safe location from buildings or other com bustible sources, pouring It in dry sand or earth and cautiously Igniting It; (c) If large quantities, by atomizing It In a suitable combustion chamber. TV. MONITORING AND MEASURE MINT rnocEDUKxs A. Normal Monitoring Program: Measure ments taken for the purpose of determining employee exposure are best taken eucli that the joprcsentlve average 6-hour exposure may be determined from a single 6-hour sample or two (2) 4-hour samples. Shortttmr Interval samples (or grab samples) may also be used to determine average exposure level If a minimum of five (6) measurements Is taken in a random manner over the 8-hour work Rhlft. Random sampling means that rCDCtAl RECISTfR, VOL 42, NO. 85--1UISDAT. MAY 3, 1977 SAL 000009208 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22529 Vny jxrtir-d of the work thlft bM tfc* Mm* oLarc# aJ bt'.og Miiplejl as any other. Tbe artth'.notie averts* of Ml : *\b random titin^n taken on on* (1) work shift Is ao eV-li.'.-ite of an trz+tiyj'm't frere-z* lerel of cxpontre for tt*vt wort ebtft, )nc?~n recore* mends tbt.1 n+.xflta to* collected at a *amjding raU of ece liter p<cr mlnulo for a mintintern of two hours. /Jr wt^ple* should to* U-ttn lo the employ**"* breathing rone (Mr fh*J would ntatiy represent that inhale by tti* employee). Ci-hpling and analyris should be performed fc-7 {;m absorption tube* with subMrquent chemical unl;t)i, by gas ctuciTsatc^nphf ot those <jru most litely to represent tie highest airborne ooricvo- tratio of benzene v.bar* employees are cipotcd. Ide'.Loir roeutLog Its prescribed uWTt'ZJ and precision requirements are available In the *7*1053 Manual of Analyt ical Xif-thc-ia." v. KTst'cii/.jrrc'OB rr.tcaunoK* A. HIb Rrpor.tcei to benzene can occur vh*h ti'kus.'trrthc <he liquid from ont oon- ttiimr to Another. -jcb cpcrbttcms should be T*eU rtbiUaicd and good work practice* should be r*.ib!Lsnl to tvcld spills. B. Koa-fparkinj tool* should b* u*9d to open fc-enrme ccntulncm which tbcruid be effectively grounded end bonded prior to cptnlnp and pouting. C. 3fmplCF7*>r* should adris* employee* of c,U plant area* and operetlcm when a- poenre to benzene oouJd occur. A few of the teextorj cperr.tk:ns In vhich exporuree to Itnc-in- inky be enesuatcred Are: manu facture cl styrene, phenol, cyclohexane, pes ticide*. tad delrrgenta. AjrrwidX C--l&QtCAb BrmziiAjrta GtrsjzLZKEs roa Bzxzxxx 1 mom* or uf txt Zafcslatfe.- possible alrtn absarpttto. xs. iaxmaiooT Benzene is prfcntrEy an Inhalation htaard. SjatL-jLic ubnrrpticw cause depression erf the h*~..ttc70lftlc rysvm. iTibJlctl-cn of high concentretlosa cc* affect the oeatral uarrous system function. Aspiration of email amounts of liqtud bwprsia* fenmadiately e*U5ca pul mrsisry ed-ms end bamcoTbage of pulmonary tlssne. rartn abeorptlon tbimi^b Istnet ckln ie ne^tiglb!*. Howerer, absorp tion will b* bccelsrated Is tb* c&e of Lntad atln, and beares* may be mare resdliy absorbed If it U present In a cdirura or as a enstaaln&ts la solTcata which are readily absorbed. Defatting action, of benzene may prodoce primary Irritation upon rapeatnd or _p.Tlor.gsd contact with tha tUn. High can- ccstratlons are irritating to the znuaous aaembranea of the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. SL trews ax# iiMnoui IVnacnt U poorly absorbed thrimch tbs lfcln, hcwsar, direct contact may cause erythema or bltrUrtag. or pio- lOTi^'jd contact may ntult In drying, fdaltng. dcrmatrtU, or piscip'tals devetopmeiit of a-cuidary *kin Infections. L^xral eITcelt of benzene rapor or liquid on the eye are fUgbt. Only at very high ooranentruttona U there any smarting tentative In the eye. Droplet contrm'n&tloa of the rye by benzene cause* a moCUrate burning ^.nastlon. but only ellght tratit'.ent Injury of the tpubcllftl cell. w};h thf eye recovering rapidly. Jnfchlallon of h^b eonoentr&tloTi* of benzene may Lave an initial atlxnulalory edect on the central nervous symteto cbaracterlred by exbllwntlan, tervou* exdtetlon. md.'or clddlne.se, fob lowed by a period of depression, drowrineae. fttlzut, or vertigo. Ti^re may be aeasatlon of tic-rilI'css the cheat accompanied by bres>thjt*^neM acd uli'mstcly the victim may lose conactouEuees. Convulsions and tnrmo<-B occur froqucstly, ar.c death ncAy follow frees respiratory puralyrls or cIjcuIa- tory collapse in few mlnutea to several hour* fohcwlng sever* exposures*, The lnald- tous and often Irrererf- bl effect on tb* blood-forming rystem of prolcnjgod rxpoirur* to small quantities at benaes* vapor it ot extreme Importance. Theft? ejects bare been noted to occur at poorer trail one of beneena which may not cause lrr.ua.ton of mucous membrsnea, or any unpleasant wuay ef fects. Early signs and cymptoena of benzane morbidJfy are variad and vague, and not rpfeciBc fer beurene eiporurt. 8utJrcUvo oompJalnts a? headache. dlEslneas, and lose of appetite may precede or prosed* clinical syjnptoasniogy. Bleeding from the nose, gums, or x3'jcou* membranes and the drvel- opment of purpuric spot* may occur m the condition progresses. Rapid pulse end low blood pressure la addition to a physical tp- ps<^is>ce of anewita may accoxnpoiy a sub jective complaint of shortness of breath. Clhilcal evidence of leuoopenla and anemia are the most common abnormalities re ported. however, macTQcytosls wid thrombo cytopenia are eiao frequently present. Bone marrow may appear normal, apisflls, ov liy- perplsstio and may not In all tituatione oar- relate with peripheral blood findings Indi cating hypo-byper-actirlty of blood farming tiasure. There are great variation* la the susceptibility to benzene morbidity which prohibit* the Identification of "typical" blood picture. effect* of prolonged boa- ene Exposure may appear after t^veral ti--v* or year* after the actual exposure h*- ceered. Development of leu'ctsnia also re*ult from erpesure to benwma. IV. TtZATISEIfT Jtcmor* from expocure Immediately, give oxygen or artificial resuscitation If Indicated. Plush eyes and waah contaminated thin. Symptoms of non-p*eUlc nervous disturbaocM may pcrolst following revere esponurv*. Recovery frui*i rnlfd erjx^etirt-s is usually rapid and coiujilol*. v. ttnrrrLUHci srro ivmnmr coHaiozaanort , A. O filer rorutdcrufforu. Be ruen* can cruse both acute and ehronle effocla. It la Impor tant that the physician become familiar \rllh the operating conditions In which exposure to benzene occurs. Tboae with skin dbexs* may not Lokrete the woarlhg of protective clothing and thoee with chronic respiratory disease may not tolerate the wearing of nei allve preraure rraplrators. B. Suructllcr^re end scrccnfr.p. Medical htitorle* and laboratory eiuail:ibt1oiiri are re quired for rscb employee subject to i-xpoture to benrsna. The etaplojeT must ncreea employecs for history of certain medical coodi. tloas (listed below) which might place ibt employee at Increased risk from expusure. 1. Liver diverse. ITie primary cite of blotr&nsforemitlon tuvd detoxification of benzene Is the liver. Liver dysfunctions llialy to In hibit tbs conjugation reactions will lend to promote the toxic actions of benzene. These precautions should be considered before ex posing peraora with Impaired liver function to benzene vapor*. a. Reruxi dtsesue. /Jtbough bsnzene is not known as a kidney tends the importance of tbe orgsn ^ tli* eUmJhr tiou of toxic sub stance* and metcbolltss Juf.U2.es special con sideration In thoae with possible Impairment of renal Junction. 8. SHn distate. Beur^n* is a dsfottiug agent and csoi cause dermatitis on prL>lo::L:ed exposure. Pereaue vlth preexisting akin disorders may be more susceptible lo the i-ffeda of benaene. 4. Blood dy.-creirias. Benzene is a bematopoletlo depresssant. Pcracras vlth eristir.g blood disorders may be mere r.tisceptlhJe to tbe effects of bencsn*. RUTULSCK 1. Grant, W. Idortou: Toxicology of tbs Eye, (Second nditlnn), Charlec C. Thomm, Illinois, 1*74, page (L55. 2. Browning, Ethel: Toxicity and Afetabollsoa of Industrial 6olvcnU, K!vrer Publish ing Company, AjnsterdfJE. U*i5, pp. 440-442. 5. Patiy. y. A,; Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Volume Il-Torlcology, Interad6Dce Publishers. New Tork. 1653, pp. 17i^1788. 4. Gershe, R. W.: Toxicology and Biochem istry of Aromatic Bydrocarbons, Ifiserzcr Publishing Coopizy, Amsterdam. 1580, pp. C&-100. (6eca. v. e. e. e-i eut.'iws. 15& (js cs.c. 683. 688, C$7); Etwretary of Labor's Order -76 (41 PR 28059); 20 CFR Part 1911.) (PR Doc.77-12726 Piled 4-23-77,10:85 am] raxEM. ItfOUTn. VOL NO. *5--TUC50AY, MAT 9, 1977 SAL 000009209 814 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames. In case of fire, use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Avoid breathing vapor. Do not get on skin, in eyes or mouth, or on clothing. Keep containers closed when not in use. Use only with adequate ventilation. First Aid: If substance contacts skin, immediately wash affected area with soap and water. In case of eye contact, flush eye with copious amounts of running water. If overex posure should occur, consult a physician. (b) Work Area Warning placards shall be affixed in readily visible locations in or near areas of occupational exposure to ketones. The information shall be arranged as in the follow ing examples: (1) Warning placard for methyl n-butyl ketone: -l' HAZARDOUS AREA METHYL n-BUTYL KETONE (TRADENAME) - FLAMMABLE ~ MAY CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE IF INHALED, SWALLOWED, OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN Prevent sources of beat, sparks, or open flames. No smoking permitted. In case of fire use fire extinguishers at (location). Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. (2) Warning placard for the other 11 ketones: (2) The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to ketones at concentrations above the recommended limits because of improper respirator selection, fit, use, or maintenance.. (3) A respiratory protection program shall be established. Requirements are found in 29 CFR 1910.134. (4) The employer shall provide respirators In accordance with Table 1-2 and shall ensure that the employees use the respirators properly when they are required. Respiratory protective devices shall be those approved by NIOSH and the Mine Safety and Health Administration. (5) Respirators specified for use in higher concentrations of a specific airborne ketone may be used in an atmosphere of the same ketone at lower concentrations. (6) The employer shall ensure that employees are proper* ly instructed in the use of respirators assigned to them and in ways to test for leakage, proper fit, and proper operation. (b) Protective Clothing The employer shall provide appropriate protective clothing to employees who may have skin contact with liquid ketones. Protective clothing, including aprons,, coats or coveralls, gloves, and boots, shall be made cif material resistant to penetration by ketones. The employer shall ensure that personal protective clothing is regularly inspected for defects and that it is worn by employees when necessary to prevent skin contact with liquid ketones. tuu 1-2 tEsnuTOE izsxcziox eras rot ixtones* HAZARDOUS AREA NAME OF KETONE (TRADE NAME) FLAMMABLE! (or: COMBUSTIBLE!) HARMFUL IF INHALED, SWALLOWED, OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN Prevent sources of heat, sparks, or open flames. No smoking or eating. In case of fire, use fire extinguishers at (location). Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. ultlpl** ( THE UU *arr ........................- Criiur-- ltd Thaa *r Iful M TVaa lex sex 100X icaUM Ketkyl t-hatyl karma QTU S3.' 4HC C3Tf a tX 1001... n. n. tx ' IX nt- (l|tctn| ex x- (3) Respiratory Protection If respiratory protection is required in accordance with Section 4, the following statement in large letters shall be hatltyl ethyl B OH IX mi pethyl xx . lat--4 a' - - XX X added to the required sign: Acker alike kalaaaa'i a OH XX a IX X RESPIRATORY PROTECTION REQUIRED IN THIS AREA Section 4 Personal Protective Equipment and 5e Kaaplrceer Cal* a C>e feilewanp ** Kackjrl t-efl , MUyl iMkatfl kitm lwrWiw4Uwk,t]rl kirn*, qelituiuM, u>tE]l U< utAgri Umm, llJtiUH (Uakal, t Clothing (a) Respiratory Protection IXSUJUIXUE CMC ' - The employer shall use engineering controls when needed to keep concentrations of airborne ketones at or below the Ml MflMMC T;pa tfrrnai urjttr PrerUlen* a( 33 era H recommended environmental limits. Compliance with this standard by the use of respirators is permitted only during / Ciaalcat catenate t.?: ar|ial Taper carttl4| I'.K hal(-uik fiea^laca ao4 installation and testing of engineering controls, during per formance of nonroutine maintenance or repair, or during Chcolcal ueuMM ratylretor tafat aa[t:U|a full fw>pU(a aM araaoU emergencies. When use of a respirator is permitted, it shall be selected and used in accordance with the following Cos utk na full (aaaflaci o4 chla-cjrpi attaoXc vayer .... la tar requirements: (1) To determine the type of respirators to be used, the Caa sack rltk full raccplaca e4 baek- ac fraat-aeustai aifuta Taper caaljtat employer shall measure the concentration of airborne ketones in the workplace initially and thereafter whenever control, process, operational, worksite, or climatic changes occur that are likely to increase the concentration of air borne ketones. SAL 000009210 Tyva e ia??Ua<-lf HipUliar, viO kiU^aik faceplat*, apatatat la^uaat Ccacx* yraiaura) cata tm C *h?plU4-alr Tiaplrater, vjlfc full fat aylace, apara* 4 lataaiat (aaptivt |;aiiura) Ma Tll * "ftllrt-alt raipltattr, vttk half. ah facepiece, *PTC4 U taatiaNaa.(Ua at traiiati^. a4 aata 11-2-73 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIR, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 Appendix A Substance Safety Data Sheet: Benzene I. What is benzene? A. Benzene (CgHs) - a major organic intermediate and solvent derived from coal or petroleum. It is the simplest member of the aromatic series of hydrocarbons. B. Permissable exposure limit. 1. Airborne, 1 part of benzene vapor per million parts of air (lppm) as a time-weighted average (TWA) for an 8hour workday with a ceiling concentration of 5ppm, as averaged over any 15-minute period. 2. Dermal, eye contact and repeated skin contact with liquid benzene is prohibited. C. Appearance and odor - benzene is a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant sweet odor. The odor of benzene does not provide adequate warning of its hazard. II. Health Hazard Data A. Ways in which the benzene affects your health. Benzene can affect your health if you inhale it, or it comes in contact with your skin or eyes. Benzene may also be harmful if you swallow it. B. Effects of over-exposure: 1. Short-term (acute) overexposure: If you are overexposed to high concentrations of benzene, you may feel breathless, irritable, euphoric (feeling of well being), or giddy. You may experience irritation in eyes, nose and respiratory tract. You may develop a headache, feel dizzy, nauseous, or experience unsteadiness in walking. Severe ex posure may lead to convulsions. 2. Long-term (chronic) ex posure: Repeated and prolonged exposure of benzene may cause headache, fatigue, exhaustion, tendency to bleed, nervousness, sleeplessness, shortness of breath, and serious blood disorders, including leukemia (abnormal increase in the number of leuko cytes or white cells in the tissues and often in the blood). III. Protective Clothing and Equipment A. Respirators: Respirators are required for those operations in which engineering controls or work practice controls are not available to reduce exposure to the permissable exposure limit. If respirators are worn, they must have a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health :(NI OS H) seal of approval. If you experience difficulty breathing while wearing a respirator, tell your foreman. SAL 0000092H