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INNOVATIONS
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PFAS Replacement in the Hydrogen Economy/Electrochemistry
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Outline
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1) Intro to H2 and CCU foci
2) Research Challenges - the high bar set for PFSA replacement
3) Drivers to innovate -- both direct replacement and indirect substitutions enable a better, safer, cost-effective, and world-scalable clean energy economy
4) Support for acceleration -- a mere four projects for an all-EU supply chain hydrogen economy
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Company Overview
Nea
lonomr -- the leader in next-gen ion-exchange materials
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$50M.+ USD Funding incl.
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Materials Families
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Diverse Marketplace
Hydrogen Production, Fuel
Cells & CCUS
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Industry Experts
Supported by more than 10
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Innovative
Protected IP
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Target Verticals
Heavy Duty Fuel Cells
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Decarbonizing the Most Difficult GHGs
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lonomr's target markets H, & CCU capable of >8 Gt CO, per year by 2050
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"Limiting warming to 1.5 C would reduce economic damages relative to 2 C...
the accumulated global benefits will exceed US $20 trillion--" Burkeetal (Nature, 2019)
Additional Applications
- NLeLixioton-nGEEleleneccttBrraootddteeeArdAdidiedtsVievses
Long-Duration Energy /Anti-Microbial Coatings
| 1iSrotgoenraCgomepression| - Surface coatings |
-
Chemicals& Circular
LithiuEm cHoycnroormiyde
A Ons Redo Flow Bares | + Fabrice
"Battery Recycling
_ LIS, LiAlrsolid-state NiMH |~ Metal-Air Batteries.
- Plastics integration - Process Water Re-use
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lon-Exchange Materials in Target Applications
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+ Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) -- Nafion (Chemours), with Aquivion (Solvay/Syensqo), & formerly 3Mion -- underlie all the most efficient & safe electrochemistry
+ Main negative application properties are low softening point (Tg) & high gas permeability + Functional units degrade into molecules of the very highest concern
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Acidic Fluoropolymers Measurably Degrade
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+ Even if acidic fluoropolymers can be made without surfactants & process aids, they degrade into materials of the highest concern & impact (PFOS & PFOA-like materials C2-C12)
+ Additional issue is PFOS/GenX or similar is needed for ePTFE processing, used for reinforcement
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+ Fluoride release is typically only measured but direct PFAS acid emissions |
+ range from ~5% (WL Gore) to ~33% (3M) of measured F- release
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+ In particular the H- pathways are unprotected (R)
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`Sulfonated derivatives of poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(styrene)
++ HRiegwheerrodcegrroesessoofveacridmifsuntcetrioinaliezatrion (IECs ~2.5) performed well Nafion (IEC = 1.0) but borderline water soluble
+ Honda (working vehicles) and NASA (Gemini earth-orbiting mission 1962 - 1965)
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Ch+allCehnegmiecsal staabr glreayter sen=ito tordiatvye degradation than= PFSAS
Polyistyrenads
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Performanceacrossdesian window,especial in eectodes -- conductivityhighly sensite fo hydrationsate
+ NoPviraebtleofioxeesstmothdesteesisisuesPFA
++ AGcemtsoansnatceontse poassctloonned)
+ Solubility inhot water at IECs > 2.5 meq. g"
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The First Stable Hydrocarbon PEMs
Polyphenylenes have been developed as innately stable, but
also the only known non-F systems capable of self-repair + Reverfsasitrbadliceal additionstep
+ Many paths not resulting in chain scission + Addresses key concern, the long-duration chemical stability
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Two Breakthrough Chemistries, Four Produchtemsione -- -
Polymer
lonomer (electrode binder) powders
Films/Membranes
Composites (nonwoven & woven)
Pemion
Aemion
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Developmental breakthroughs in AEM (2008) & PEM (2012) from a world-leading materials lab
(@ SFU. Patents and know-how from
fundamental ideas and procteosspseceifsic
formulations, coating, device and integration
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Pemion Provides Transformative Properties ese
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Out-Performing PFSAs
+ Mid humidity (RH) range (60-85%) ex-situ
approximates low RH fuel cell operation -- water
transport from fully humidified H, recirculation + Conductivity > 1.5x advantage vs. PFSAs at 80 C
+ 5210 >>3x advantage at room temperature & below
Pemion exhibits well-defined phase segregated
morphology linked to high protonic conduction
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Pemion -- Ultra-Low-Humidity Performance
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Exceptional performance in extremely low-RH conditions meets or exceeds SOTA PFSAs
+ Completely unprecedented for hydrocarbon-based materials + Enabling PFSA replacement in all use-cases. Lower area resistance combined with greater temperature
capabilities again indicates electrode engineering will exceed performance significantly.
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Pemion -- Fully Hydrocarbon Performance
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Highly preliminary data in non-optimized conditions, but performances near-parity
+ Comparable area resistance in all conditions, comparable kinetics both high and low RH
+ Strong indicator unit cell design& optimization fully effective to approximate performance parity
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Pemion: No observable losses over 72 hour test -- High performance and voltage stability
PFSA: 30% performance loss over 48 h (-2.7 mU/h)
Potential to unlock:
+ HD stack right-sizing'
+ Small heat exchangers
+ Aviation applications
Cordilionts
+ 22.50Ah/catm3'0%curRrHe,nt2h5olbdar(,~1.14 5W//1c8mH)yairstoich, then
2. 48hat 50% RH,3 bar,, 1.5/1.8 Hy/airstoich.
Strong indicators of benefits at full scwa/alnoede
recirculation & enhanced water flux
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Pemion -- Extreme Chemical Stability
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+ 1000 hwithout failure (2x DOE membrane
target) without radical scavengers
+ DOE-specified chemical stability accelerated
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Ssturcecsessstfeuslt
PEMFC operation after accelerated
@ ~70% of initial performance
+ Harsher stress test exhibited no membrane
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Pemion >2x US DOE Durability Targets
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In-situ Results,
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Further Requirements:
+ Dedicated membrane enginesring (known
addiives, known processes, no technology risks)
+ Test system capacit--y no capable stands today,
relying on partners is 5-10x slower than in-house
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BENEFITS v
Scalable
High Stability
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ISSUES Poor RenewablesPairing
X Low Safety at Pressure
Highly Compact
Pairs with Renewables
Scale IssIur&ePFsAS:.
VeryHigh Cost Toxic Material Use
Compac+t Scalable
Pairs with Renewables
iornome's
Breakthroughs Solve These
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Breakthrough Durability & Performance
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Numerous demonstorfabrteaikthoronugsh 3 ve
durability, >1000x achieved in AEMWE:
- No measurable membrane degradationin ~ $ *
tests over 1year (10,000+ h to date)
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~ Multiple whole-system degradation
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$90
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>100,000 h to failure.
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5.Alia & coworkers @ NREL, through Shell GamechangerprogritiMR
Resources Needed for Speed & OEM-Motivation: -
1) Regulatory pressure is theonly true way to motivate the marketplace
+ cha Major hprkesTsourrPeEaAt Sprpersoednutcttos cue`sell wfhahtayboiuyhoavne'sa(nsdeem:i3niMm)izaenddewveelaolpsomenneteidsn1't elminate du honest about supply:
2) Significant direct support -- development & system test labs, coating equipment,
large pilots -- lonomr, Bekaert, Siemens Energy, lonysis+[Fuel Cell OEM like PowerCell]
funding (IPCEls or similar) would soundly impact all targets in only four projects
3) Retrofit support for existing automated systems (e.g. R2R coaters) -- for the few
companies who have already built manufacturing lines that need to be adapted to new materials
4) Keep the faith -- this is only a win for technology, scalability, the economy, and
European energy security / supply chain because with climate-critical technology and
multiple markets >30% CAGR, everyone can be winners.
IIoNt:eNO:VNoAeT=IMONRS
---------- Thank You!
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