Document reBeonw9MnG6zXx6wpMoJ4x9r

11--Human Behavior and Safety top production may be forced to take un necessary risks to achieve that goal The only way out of such a conflict is the erasing or weakening one of the signs, thereby altering the individual's internal motivational system The approach-avoidance conflict is further complicated by the notion of a goal gradient for positive and negative goals, as pictured in Fig 11-6 Other things being equal, the Fic 11-6 --The approach-avoidance conflict is complicated by the different goal gradients for positive and negative goals closer one is to a goal, the stronger it is Negative goals, however, are stiongei than positive ones, the closer one is to the goal Conversely, positive goals appear strongei than negative ones the farther away one is from the goal So as the individual ap proaches an approach-avoidance goal, the negative or repelling aspects of the goal ap pear stronger This may lead to retieat which will result in vacillation and indecision The approach-avoidance situation is common Reaction to frustration In most cases, the conflicts described will lead to frustration This frustration may often lead to positive, constructive resolution of the situation For example, the individual who is facing the conflict of top production, but at increased risk, may develop a new sys tem for processing the pioduct at a faster and safer rate 252 On the other hand the frustration often leads to some negative form of behavior, a few ex amples of which are listed This is by no means an exhaustive list, nor are they mutually exclusive, one may appear in combination with another Aggression. This form of behavior is char acterized by some type of attack toward another person or object The four-year-old boy who beats his playmate over the head with a baseball bat is obviously exhibiting aggressive behavior The forms of aggression of adults can be overt, physical, or verbal They can also be disguised, the tidbit of shop gossip, or the subtle comment by an aspirant for a promotion about one of his possible competitors, could be just as devastating to the victim as the baseball bat Regression. Regression is the tendency for an individual who finds himself in a frustrating circumstance to revert to an earlier form of behavior, such as putting on a temper tantrum or pouting Such behavior most likely would occur m the case of an individual who, during his formative years, found that such behavior worked, in other words, he got his way by a display of temper Fixation. In fixated behavior, the individ ual persists m a particular kind of noncon structive behavior even though it is clear that the behavior is inadequate to resolve the problem Thus, a mechanic may persist in trying to fit a bolt m place, even though he realizes that it is the wrong size Resignation. Resignation is the tendency for an individual to give up--to withhold any sense of emotional or personal involvement in the situation Failing to achieve some goal, this jserson loses any positive concern about his job and adopts an apathetic attitude to ward the situation Negativism. In this form of behavior, the individual adopts a negative, resistive posi tion with respect to the situation A person whose suggestions have not been accepted may take a dim view of any other ideas Repression. This behavior is characterized